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- SIMPOUTR.DOC VERS:- 01.00 DATE:- 09/26/86 TIME:- 10:02:54 PM
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- description of output from the simplex fitting programs
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- By J. A. Rupley, Tucson, Arizona
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- DESCRIPTION OF OUTPUT FROM THE FITTING PROGRAM
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- LDHFIT.COM (C-LANGUAGE)
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- A. RESULTS
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- At various stages of the fitting, determined by the control
- values prt_cycle and quad_test, the computer program displays on
- the crt terminal and stores on disk the parameter and data arrays
- and other results.
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- The interpretation of this output is explained here. The
- description is for the output from LDHFIT, but it holds, except
- for some special values given at the end of the data display, for
- any function fit by use of the SIMPxxxx routines.
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- (1) SIMPLEX: for each vertex of the simplex, the function value
- is displayed, then two lines of values (four values per line)
- give in order the values of the 7 parameters. Note that
- parameters (1) through (6) are different for each vertex, ie they
- are free to be optimized, and that parameter (7) is fixed at the
- small value 1E-10. The number of vertices is one greater than the
- number of free parameters ( 6 + 1 = 7 ).
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- NOTE: in some of the displays, the count of vertices or
- parameters starts at 0. For example, in the above display of the
- simplex, the first vertex is vertex(0) and the 7th is vertex(6).
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- (2) CENTROID OF THE SIMPLEX: the function value is given, then
- two lines of values (four values per line) give in order the
- values of the 7 parameters. The centroid is the average of the
- vertices of the simplex and is the preferred set of estimates of
- the best-fit parameter values. These estimates are used in the
- calculation of YCALC, of the points for construction of
- reciprocal plots, and of the values of the kinetic constants,
- given later in the output.
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- (3) EXIT TESTING: immediately following the centroid listing,
- one line gives the mean of the function values, the root mean
- square deviation of the function values from the mean, and the
- test value = rms deviation/mean. When the test value is less than
- the control value exit_test, generally set at 0.00000001, the
- fitting is completed.
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- (4) RMS ERROR: the root mean square error of the fit is the
- square root of the quantity: the least squares function value at
- the centroid divided by the number of data points less the number
- of free parameters ( RMS ERROR = SQRT(CENTROID SSQ/(# DATA - #
- FREE PARAMETERS). The rms error is useful as a test for the
- quality of the fit (ie, of the deviations between observed and
- calculated values). The rms error should be no greater than the
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- average expected uncertainty in the data. If it is greater than
- expectation, the fit may be unsatisfactory. The rms error can
- also be used as a test for flyers among the data points. A
- deviation of 3 x rms error between the observed and calculated
- values is sufficient to allow dropping of a data point from the
- fitting, or to cause you to check your calculation of vo.
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- (5) DATA AND CALCULATED VALUES: for each data point are listed
- in order the values of: Yobserved(i), which is the initial
- reaction rate you measured and entered into the program as data;
- Ycalculated(i) = Ymodel(i), which is the initial reaction rate
- calculated with the model equation and the best-fit parameter
- values of the centroid; Yobserved(i) - Ycalculated(i), which is
- the deviation between observation and calculation; the
- statistical weight of the data point, here set at unity; and the
- values of the independent variables for the data point, which are
- in order the concentrations of NADH, pyruvate, and lactate (a, b,
- and p).
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- (6) VALUES CALCULATED FROM THE BEST-FIT PARAMETERS: following
- the display of the data, various other values are displayed: (a)
- the coordinates of points that can be used to draw the lines of
- the primary and secondary reciprocal plots used in steady-state
- kinetic analysis; (b) values of the parameters, a variation of
- the listing under CENTROID.
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- (7) QUADRATIC FIT: at intervals determined by the control value
- quad_test, quadratic fitting of the function surface is carried
- out, to reconstruct the simplex and to obtain standard deviations
- of the free parameters. There is considerable screen display that
- allows tracking of the process. The handout "Notes on the fitting
- program", subsection on standard deviations, serves as an
- explanation of this output. The information you are likely to be
- most interested in is the last group of values, under "STANDARD
- DEVIATIONS OF THE FREE PARAMETERS." Look especially for failure
- of the quadratic fit to give proper standard deviations. If the
- quadratic fit fails, the values of the Q MATRIX DIAGONAL and of
- the B MATRIX DIAGONAL can be helpful in deciding what to do, eg.
- whether to fix a parameter.
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- (8) STANDARD DEVIATIONS FOR THE FREE PARAMETERS: after
- completion of the quadratic fit, a table is displayed which
- includes estimates of the standard deviations of the free
- parameters. Following this table, the vertices of the
- reconstructed simplex are given. Further minimization starts with
- this simplex. If y-pmin is less than yzero = ycentroid, the
- parameter values at pmin, an improved estimate, are inserted as
- one of the vertices of the reconstructed simplex. This procedure
- can speed up convergence.
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- B. MINIMIZATION
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- There is output during minimization. In each cycle of the
- Nelder-Mead simplex method, the vertex with the highest least
- squares function value is adjusted to give a lower value. The
- output displayed at each cycle allows one to track this process.
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- (1) One line giving in order: the number of the cycle, the
- values of the least squares function before adjustment and after
- adjustment, and the adjustment operation.
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- (2) One or more lines giving the parameter values of the vertex
- before adjustment.
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- (3) One or more lines giving the parameter values after
- adjustment.
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- (4) One or more lines giving the parameter values of the
- centroid of the simplex.
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- (5) One line giving the mean and rms deviation of the function
- values of all the vertices of the simplex after the adjustment,
- and the test value rms deviation/mean.
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- (6) One line giving the rms error of the current best fit to the
- data.
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- (7) One line describing results of the last quadratic fit.
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