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- .TH CJPEG 1 "4 November 1992"
- .SH NAME
- cjpeg \- compress an image file to a JPEG file
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .B cjpeg
- [
- .BI \-quality " N"
- ]
- [
- .B \-grayscale
- ]
- [
- .B \-optimize
- ]
- [
- .B \-targa
- ]
- [
- .BI \-maxmemory " N"
- ]
- [
- .BI \-restart " N"
- ]
- [
- .BI \-smooth " N"
- ]
- [
- .B \-verbose
- ]
- [
- .B \-debug
- ]
- [
- .B \-arithmetic
- ]
- [
- .B \-nointerleave
- ]
- [
- .BI \-qtables " file"
- ]
- [
- .BI \-sample " HxV[,...]"
- ]
- [
- .I filename
- ]
- .LP
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .LP
- .B cjpeg
- compresses the named image file, or the standard input if no file is
- named, and produces a JPEG/JFIF file on the standard output.
- The currently supported input file formats are: PPM (PBMPLUS color
- format), PGM (PBMPLUS gray-scale format), GIF, Targa, and RLE (Utah Raster
- Toolkit format). (RLE is supported only if the URT library is available.)
- .SH OPTIONS
- All switch names may be abbreviated; for example,
- .B \-grayscale
- may be written
- .B \-gray
- or
- .BR \-gr .
- Most of the "basic" switches can be abbreviated to as little as one letter.
- Upper and lower case are equivalent (thus
- .B \-GIF
- is the same as
- .BR \-gif ).
- British spellings are also accepted (e.g.,
- .BR \-greyscale ),
- though for brevity these are not mentioned below.
- .PP
- The basic switches are:
- .TP
- .BI \-quality " N"
- Scale quantization tables to adjust image quality. Quality is 0 (worst) to
- 100 (best); default is 75. (See below for more info.)
- .TP
- .B \-grayscale
- Create monochrome JPEG file from color input. Be sure to use this switch when
- compressing a grayscale GIF file, because
- .B cjpeg
- isn't bright enough to notice whether a GIF file uses only shades of gray.
- By saying
- .BR \-grayscale ,
- you'll get a smaller JPEG file that takes less time to process.
- .TP
- .B \-optimize
- Perform optimization of entropy encoding parameters. Without this, default
- encoding parameters are used.
- .B \-optimize
- usually makes the JPEG file a little smaller, but
- .B cjpeg
- runs somewhat slower and needs much more memory. Image quality and speed of
- decompression are unaffected by
- .BR \-optimize .
- .TP
- .B \-targa
- Input file is Targa format. Targa files that contain an "identification"
- field will not be automatically recognized by
- .BR cjpeg ;
- for such files you must specify
- .B \-targa
- to make
- .B cjpeg
- treat the input as Targa format.
- .PP
- The
- .B \-quality
- switch lets you trade off compressed file size against quality of the
- reconstructed image: the higher the quality setting, the larger the JPEG file,
- and the closer the output image will be to the original input. Normally you
- want to use the lowest quality setting (smallest file) that decompresses into
- something visually indistinguishable from the original image. For this
- purpose the quality setting should be between 50 and 95; the default of 75 is
- often about right. If you see defects at
- .B \-quality
- 75, then go up 5 or 10 counts at a time until you are happy with the output
- image. (The optimal setting will vary from one image to another.)
- .PP
- .B \-quality
- 100 will generate a quantization table of all 1's, eliminating loss in the
- quantization step (but there is still information loss in subsampling, as well
- as roundoff error). This setting is mainly of interest for experimental
- purposes. Quality values above about 95 are
- .B not
- recommended for normal use; the compressed file size goes up dramatically for
- hardly any gain in output image quality.
- .PP
- In the other direction, quality values below 50 will produce very small files
- of low image quality. Settings around 5 to 10 might be useful in preparing an
- index of a large image library, for example. Try
- .B \-quality
- 2 (or so) for some amusing Cubist effects. (Note: quality
- values below about 25 generate 2-byte quantization tables, which are
- considered optional in the JPEG standard.
- .B cjpeg
- emits a warning message when you give such a quality value, because some
- commercial JPEG programs may be unable to decode the resulting file.)
- .PP
- Switches for advanced users:
- .TP
- .BI \-maxmemory " N"
- Set limit for amount of memory to use in processing large images. Value is
- in thousands of bytes, or millions of bytes if "M" is attached to the
- number. For example,
- .B \-max 4m
- selects 4000000 bytes. If more space is needed, temporary files will be used.
- .TP
- .BI \-restart " N"
- Emit a JPEG restart marker every N MCU rows, or every N MCU blocks if "B" is
- attached to the number.
- .B \-restart 0
- (the default) means no restart markers.
- .TP
- .BI \-smooth " N"
- Smooth the input image to eliminate dithering noise. N, ranging from 1 to
- 100, indicates the strength of smoothing. 0 (the default) means no smoothing.
- .TP
- .B \-verbose
- Enable debug printout. More
- .BR \-v 's
- give more output. Also, version information is printed at startup.
- .TP
- .B \-debug
- Same as
- .BR \-verbose .
- .PP
- The
- .B \-restart
- option inserts extra markers that allow a JPEG decoder to resynchronize after
- a transmission error. Without restart markers, any damage to a compressed
- file will usually ruin the image from the point of the error to the end of the
- image; with restart markers, the damage is usually confined to the portion of
- the image up to the next restart marker. Of course, the restart markers
- occupy extra space. We recommend
- .B \-restart 1
- for images that will be transmitted across unreliable networks such as Usenet.
- .PP
- The
- .B \-smooth
- option filters the input to eliminate fine-scale noise. This is often useful
- when converting GIF files to JPEG: a moderate smoothing factor of 10 to 50
- gets rid of dithering patterns in the input file, resulting in a smaller JPEG
- file and a better-looking image. Too large a smoothing factor will visibly
- blur the image, however.
- .PP
- Switches for wizards:
- .TP
- .B \-arithmetic
- Use arithmetic coding rather than Huffman coding. (Not currently
- supported for legal reasons.)
- .TP
- .B \-nointerleave
- Generate noninterleaved JPEG file (not yet supported).
- .TP
- .BI \-qtables " file"
- Use the quantization tables given in the specified file. The file should
- contain one to four tables (64 values each) as plain text. Comments preceded
- by '#' may be included in the file. The tables are implicitly numbered
- 0,1,etc. If
- .B \-quality
- N is also specified, the values in the file are scaled according to
- .BR cjpeg 's
- quality scaling curve.
- .TP
- .BI \-sample " HxV[,...]"
- Set JPEG sampling factors. If you specify fewer H/V pairs than there are
- components, the remaining components are set to 1x1 sampling. The default
- setting is equivalent to \fB\-sample 2x2\fR.
- .PP
- The "wizard" switches are intended for experimentation with JPEG. If you
- don't know what you are doing, \fBdon't use them\fR. You can easily produce
- files with worse image quality and/or poorer compression than you'll get from
- the default settings. Furthermore, these switches should not be used when
- making files intended for general use, because not all JPEG implementations
- will support unusual JPEG parameter settings.
- .SH EXAMPLES
- .LP
- This example compresses the PPM file foo.ppm with a quality factor of
- 60 and saves the output as foo.jpg:
- .IP
- .B cjpeg \-quality
- .I 60 foo.ppm
- .B >
- .I foo.jpg
- .SH ENVIRONMENT
- .TP
- .B JPEGMEM
- If this environment variable is set, its value is the default memory limit.
- The value is specified as described for the
- .B \-maxmemory
- switch.
- .B JPEGMEM
- overrides the default value specified when the program was compiled, and
- itself is overridden by an explicit
- .BR \-maxmemory .
- .SH SEE ALSO
- .BR djpeg (1)
- .br
- .BR ppm (5),
- .BR pgm (5)
- .br
- Wallace, Gregory K. "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard",
- Communications of the ACM, April 1991 (vol. 34, no. 4), pp. 30-44.
- .SH AUTHOR
- Independent JPEG Group
- .SH BUGS
- Arithmetic coding and interleaved output not yet supported.
- .PP
- Not all variants of Targa file format are supported.
- .PP
- The
- .B -targa
- switch is not a bug, it's a feature. (It would be a bug if the Targa format
- designers had not been clueless.)
- .PP
- Still not as fast as we'd like.
-