home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
/ The Datafile PD-CD 5 / DATAFILE_PDCD5.iso / utilities / p / python / pytexdoc / ext / lib / lib1 / struct / tex
LaTeX Document  |  1996-11-08  |  2.9 KB

open in: MacOS 8.1     |     Win98     |     DOS

view JSON data     |     view as text

This file was processed as: LaTeX Document (document/latex).

You can browse this item here: tex

ConfidenceProgramDetectionMatch TypeSupport
100% dexvert LaTeX Document (document/latex) magic Supported
1% dexvert Text File (text/txt) fallback Supported
100% file LaTeX document text default
99% file LaTeX document, ASCII text default
100% checkBytes Printable ASCII default
100% perlTextCheck Likely Text (Perl) default
100% siegfried fmt/281 LaTeX (Subdocument) default
100% detectItEasy Format: plain text[LF] default (weak)



hex view
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 5c 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | 7b 42 75 69 6c 74 2d 69 |\section|{Built-i|
|00000010| 6e 20 4d 6f 64 75 6c 65 | 20 5c 73 65 63 74 63 6f |n Module| \sectco|
|00000020| 64 65 7b 73 74 72 75 63 | 74 7d 7d 0a 5c 62 69 6d |de{struc|t}}.\bim|
|00000030| 6f 64 69 6e 64 65 78 7b | 73 74 72 75 63 74 7d 0a |odindex{|struct}.|
|00000040| 5c 69 6e 64 65 78 69 69 | 7b 43 7d 7b 73 74 72 75 |\indexii|{C}{stru|
|00000050| 63 74 75 72 65 73 7d 0a | 0a 54 68 69 73 20 6d 6f |ctures}.|.This mo|
|00000060| 64 75 6c 65 20 70 65 72 | 66 6f 72 6d 73 20 63 6f |dule per|forms co|
|00000070| 6e 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e | 73 20 62 65 74 77 65 65 |nversion|s betwee|
|00000080| 6e 20 50 79 74 68 6f 6e | 20 76 61 6c 75 65 73 20 |n Python| values |
|00000090| 61 6e 64 20 43 0a 73 74 | 72 75 63 74 73 20 72 65 |and C.st|ructs re|
|000000a0| 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 65 | 64 20 61 73 20 50 79 74 |presente|d as Pyt|
|000000b0| 68 6f 6e 20 73 74 72 69 | 6e 67 73 2e 20 20 49 74 |hon stri|ngs. It|
|000000c0| 20 75 73 65 73 20 5c 64 | 66 6e 7b 66 6f 72 6d 61 | uses \d|fn{forma|
|000000d0| 74 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 | 73 7d 0a 28 65 78 70 6c |t string|s}.(expl|
|000000e0| 61 69 6e 65 64 20 62 65 | 6c 6f 77 29 20 61 73 20 |ained be|low) as |
|000000f0| 63 6f 6d 70 61 63 74 20 | 64 65 73 63 72 69 70 74 |compact |descript|
|00000100| 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 6c 61 79 2d |ions of |the lay-|
|00000110| 6f 75 74 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 43 0a 73 74 72 |out of t|he C.str|
|00000120| 75 63 74 73 20 61 6e 64 | 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 74 |ucts and| the int|
|00000130| 65 6e 64 65 64 20 63 6f | 6e 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e |ended co|nversion|
|00000140| 20 74 6f 2f 66 72 6f 6d | 20 50 79 74 68 6f 6e 20 | to/from| Python |
|00000150| 76 61 6c 75 65 73 2e 0a | 0a 53 65 65 20 61 6c 73 |values..|.See als|
|00000160| 6f 20 62 75 69 6c 74 2d | 69 6e 20 6d 6f 64 75 6c |o built-|in modul|
|00000170| 65 20 5c 63 6f 64 65 7b | 61 72 72 61 79 7d 2e 0a |e \code{|array}..|
|00000180| 5c 62 69 6d 6f 64 69 6e | 64 65 78 7b 61 72 72 61 |\bimodin|dex{arra|
|00000190| 79 7d 0a 0a 54 68 65 20 | 6d 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 64 |y}..The |module d|
|000001a0| 65 66 69 6e 65 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 6f 6c 6c 6f |efines t|he follo|
|000001b0| 77 69 6e 67 20 65 78 63 | 65 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 61 |wing exc|eption a|
|000001c0| 6e 64 20 66 75 6e 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 3a 0a 0a 5c |nd funct|ions:..\|
|000001d0| 72 65 6e 65 77 63 6f 6d | 6d 61 6e 64 7b 5c 69 6e |renewcom|mand{\in|
|000001e0| 64 65 78 73 75 62 69 74 | 65 6d 7d 7b 28 69 6e 20 |dexsubit|em}{(in |
|000001f0| 6d 6f 64 75 6c 65 20 73 | 74 72 75 63 74 29 7d 0a |module s|truct)}.|
|00000200| 5c 62 65 67 69 6e 7b 65 | 78 63 64 65 73 63 7d 7b |\begin{e|xcdesc}{|
|00000210| 65 72 72 6f 72 7d 0a 20 | 20 45 78 63 65 70 74 69 |error}. | Excepti|
|00000220| 6f 6e 20 72 61 69 73 65 | 64 20 6f 6e 20 76 61 72 |on raise|d on var|
|00000230| 69 6f 75 73 20 6f 63 63 | 61 73 69 6f 6e 73 3b 20 |ious occ|asions; |
|00000240| 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 69 73 20 61 20 73 74 |argument| is a st|
|00000250| 72 69 6e 67 0a 20 20 64 | 65 73 63 72 69 62 69 6e |ring. d|escribin|
|00000260| 67 20 77 68 61 74 20 69 | 73 20 77 72 6f 6e 67 2e |g what i|s wrong.|
|00000270| 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b 65 78 | 63 64 65 73 63 7d 0a 0a |.\end{ex|cdesc}..|
|00000280| 5c 62 65 67 69 6e 7b 66 | 75 6e 63 64 65 73 63 7d |\begin{f|uncdesc}|
|00000290| 7b 70 61 63 6b 7d 7b 66 | 6d 74 5c 2c 20 76 31 5c |{pack}{f|mt\, v1\|
|000002a0| 2c 20 76 32 5c 2c 20 7b | 5c 72 6d 20 5c 6c 64 6f |, v2\, {|\rm \ldo|
|000002b0| 74 73 7d 7d 0a 20 20 52 | 65 74 75 72 6e 20 61 20 |ts}}. R|eturn a |
|000002c0| 73 74 72 69 6e 67 20 63 | 6f 6e 74 61 69 6e 69 6e |string c|ontainin|
|000002d0| 67 20 74 68 65 20 76 61 | 6c 75 65 73 0a 20 20 5c |g the va|lues. \|
|000002e0| 63 6f 64 65 7b 5c 76 61 | 72 7b 76 31 7d 2c 20 5c |code{\va|r{v1}, \|
|000002f0| 76 61 72 7b 76 32 7d 2c | 20 7b 5c 72 6d 20 5c 6c |var{v2},| {\rm \l|
|00000300| 64 6f 74 73 7d 7d 20 70 | 61 63 6b 65 64 20 61 63 |dots}} p|acked ac|
|00000310| 63 6f 72 64 69 6e 67 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 67 |cording |to the g|
|00000320| 69 76 65 6e 0a 20 20 66 | 6f 72 6d 61 74 2e 20 20 |iven. f|ormat. |
|00000330| 54 68 65 20 61 72 67 75 | 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 6d 75 |The argu|ments mu|
|00000340| 73 74 20 6d 61 74 63 68 | 20 74 68 65 20 76 61 6c |st match| the val|
|00000350| 75 65 73 20 72 65 71 75 | 69 72 65 64 20 62 79 20 |ues requ|ired by |
|00000360| 74 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d | 61 74 0a 20 20 65 78 61 |the form|at. exa|
|00000370| 63 74 6c 79 2e 0a 5c 65 | 6e 64 7b 66 75 6e 63 64 |ctly..\e|nd{funcd|
|00000380| 65 73 63 7d 0a 0a 5c 62 | 65 67 69 6e 7b 66 75 6e |esc}..\b|egin{fun|
|00000390| 63 64 65 73 63 7d 7b 75 | 6e 70 61 63 6b 7d 7b 66 |cdesc}{u|npack}{f|
|000003a0| 6d 74 5c 2c 20 73 74 72 | 69 6e 67 7d 0a 20 20 55 |mt\, str|ing}. U|
|000003b0| 6e 70 61 63 6b 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 |npack th|e string|
|000003c0| 20 28 70 72 65 73 75 6d | 61 62 6c 79 20 70 61 63 | (presum|ably pac|
|000003d0| 6b 65 64 20 62 79 20 5c | 63 6f 64 65 7b 70 61 63 |ked by \|code{pac|
|000003e0| 6b 28 5c 76 61 72 7b 66 | 6d 74 7d 2c 20 7b 5c 72 |k(\var{f|mt}, {\r|
|000003f0| 6d 20 5c 6c 64 6f 74 73 | 7d 29 7d 29 0a 20 20 61 |m \ldots|})}). a|
|00000400| 63 63 6f 72 64 69 6e 67 | 20 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 |ccording| to the |
|00000410| 67 69 76 65 6e 20 66 6f | 72 6d 61 74 2e 20 20 54 |given fo|rmat. T|
|00000420| 68 65 20 72 65 73 75 6c | 74 20 69 73 20 61 20 74 |he resul|t is a t|
|00000430| 75 70 6c 65 20 65 76 65 | 6e 20 69 66 20 69 74 0a |uple eve|n if it.|
|00000440| 20 20 63 6f 6e 74 61 69 | 6e 73 20 65 78 61 63 74 | contai|ns exact|
|00000450| 6c 79 20 6f 6e 65 20 69 | 74 65 6d 2e 20 20 54 68 |ly one i|tem. Th|
|00000460| 65 20 73 74 72 69 6e 67 | 20 6d 75 73 74 20 63 6f |e string| must co|
|00000470| 6e 74 61 69 6e 20 65 78 | 61 63 74 6c 79 20 74 68 |ntain ex|actly th|
|00000480| 65 0a 20 20 61 6d 6f 75 | 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 64 61 |e. amou|nt of da|
|00000490| 74 61 20 72 65 71 75 69 | 72 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 |ta requi|red by t|
|000004a0| 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 | 74 20 28 69 2e 65 2e 20 |he forma|t (i.e. |
|000004b0| 20 5c 63 6f 64 65 7b 6c | 65 6e 28 5c 76 61 72 7b | \code{l|en(\var{|
|000004c0| 73 74 72 69 6e 67 7d 29 | 7d 20 6d 75 73 74 0a 20 |string})|} must. |
|000004d0| 20 65 71 75 61 6c 20 5c | 63 6f 64 65 7b 63 61 6c | equal \|code{cal|
|000004e0| 63 73 69 7a 65 28 5c 76 | 61 72 7b 66 6d 74 7d 29 |csize(\v|ar{fmt})|
|000004f0| 7d 29 2e 0a 5c 65 6e 64 | 7b 66 75 6e 63 64 65 73 |})..\end|{funcdes|
|00000500| 63 7d 0a 0a 5c 62 65 67 | 69 6e 7b 66 75 6e 63 64 |c}..\beg|in{funcd|
|00000510| 65 73 63 7d 7b 63 61 6c | 63 73 69 7a 65 7d 7b 66 |esc}{cal|csize}{f|
|00000520| 6d 74 7d 0a 20 20 52 65 | 74 75 72 6e 20 74 68 65 |mt}. Re|turn the|
|00000530| 20 73 69 7a 65 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 72 | size of| the str|
|00000540| 75 63 74 20 28 61 6e 64 | 20 68 65 6e 63 65 20 6f |uct (and| hence o|
|00000550| 66 20 74 68 65 20 73 74 | 72 69 6e 67 29 0a 20 20 |f the st|ring). |
|00000560| 63 6f 72 72 65 73 70 6f | 6e 64 69 6e 67 20 74 6f |correspo|nding to|
|00000570| 20 74 68 65 20 67 69 76 | 65 6e 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 | the giv|en forma|
|00000580| 74 2e 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b | 66 75 6e 63 64 65 73 63 |t..\end{|funcdesc|
|00000590| 7d 0a 0a 46 6f 72 6d 61 | 74 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 |}..Forma|t charac|
|000005a0| 74 65 72 73 20 68 61 76 | 65 20 74 68 65 20 66 6f |ters hav|e the fo|
|000005b0| 6c 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 | 6d 65 61 6e 69 6e 67 3b |llowing |meaning;|
|000005c0| 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f 6e | 76 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 | the con|version |
|000005d0| 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 | 43 0a 61 6e 64 20 50 79 |between |C.and Py|
|000005e0| 74 68 6f 6e 20 76 61 6c | 75 65 73 20 73 68 6f 75 |thon val|ues shou|
|000005f0| 6c 64 20 62 65 20 6f 62 | 76 69 6f 75 73 20 67 69 |ld be ob|vious gi|
|00000600| 76 65 6e 20 74 68 65 69 | 72 20 74 79 70 65 73 3a |ven thei|r types:|
|00000610| 0a 0a 5c 62 65 67 69 6e | 7b 74 61 62 6c 65 69 69 |..\begin|{tableii|
|00000620| 69 7d 7b 7c 63 7c 6c 7c | 6c 7c 7d 7b 73 61 6d 70 |i}{|c|l||l|}{samp|
|00000630| 7d 7b 46 6f 72 6d 61 74 | 7d 7b 43 7d 7b 50 79 74 |}{Format|}{C}{Pyt|
|00000640| 68 6f 6e 7d 0a 20 20 5c | 6c 69 6e 65 69 69 69 7b |hon}. \|lineiii{|
|00000650| 78 7d 7b 70 61 64 20 62 | 79 74 65 7d 7b 6e 6f 20 |x}{pad b|yte}{no |
|00000660| 76 61 6c 75 65 7d 0a 20 | 20 5c 6c 69 6e 65 69 69 |value}. | \lineii|
|00000670| 69 7b 63 7d 7b 63 68 61 | 72 7d 7b 73 74 72 69 6e |i{c}{cha|r}{strin|
|00000680| 67 20 6f 66 20 6c 65 6e | 67 74 68 20 31 7d 0a 20 |g of len|gth 1}. |
|00000690| 20 5c 6c 69 6e 65 69 69 | 69 7b 62 7d 7b 73 69 67 | \lineii|i{b}{sig|
|000006a0| 6e 65 64 20 63 68 61 72 | 7d 7b 69 6e 74 65 67 65 |ned char|}{intege|
|000006b0| 72 7d 0a 20 20 5c 6c 69 | 6e 65 69 69 69 7b 68 7d |r}. \li|neiii{h}|
|000006c0| 7b 73 68 6f 72 74 7d 7b | 69 6e 74 65 67 65 72 7d |{short}{|integer}|
|000006d0| 0a 20 20 5c 6c 69 6e 65 | 69 69 69 7b 69 7d 7b 69 |. \line|iii{i}{i|
|000006e0| 6e 74 7d 7b 69 6e 74 65 | 67 65 72 7d 0a 20 20 5c |nt}{inte|ger}. \|
|000006f0| 6c 69 6e 65 69 69 69 7b | 6c 7d 7b 6c 6f 6e 67 7d |lineiii{|l}{long}|
|00000700| 7b 69 6e 74 65 67 65 72 | 7d 0a 20 20 5c 6c 69 6e |{integer|}. \lin|
|00000710| 65 69 69 69 7b 66 7d 7b | 66 6c 6f 61 74 7d 7b 66 |eiii{f}{|float}{f|
|00000720| 6c 6f 61 74 7d 0a 20 20 | 5c 6c 69 6e 65 69 69 69 |loat}. |\lineiii|
|00000730| 7b 64 7d 7b 64 6f 75 62 | 6c 65 7d 7b 66 6c 6f 61 |{d}{doub|le}{floa|
|00000740| 74 7d 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b | 74 61 62 6c 65 69 69 69 |t}.\end{|tableiii|
|00000750| 7d 0a 0a 41 20 66 6f 72 | 6d 61 74 20 63 68 61 72 |}..A for|mat char|
|00000760| 61 63 74 65 72 20 6d 61 | 79 20 62 65 20 70 72 65 |acter ma|y be pre|
|00000770| 63 65 64 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 74 65 |ceded by| an inte|
|00000780| 67 72 61 6c 20 72 65 70 | 65 61 74 20 63 6f 75 6e |gral rep|eat coun|
|00000790| 74 3b 20 65 2e 67 2e 5c | 0a 74 68 65 20 66 6f 72 |t; e.g.\|.the for|
|000007a0| 6d 61 74 20 73 74 72 69 | 6e 67 20 5c 63 6f 64 65 |mat stri|ng \code|
|000007b0| 7b 27 34 68 27 7d 20 6d | 65 61 6e 73 20 65 78 61 |{'4h'} m|eans exa|
|000007c0| 63 74 6c 79 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 61 6d 65 20 61 73 |ctly the| same as|
|000007d0| 20 5c 63 6f 64 65 7b 27 | 68 68 68 68 27 7d 2e 0a | \code{'|hhhh'}..|
|000007e0| 0a 43 20 6e 75 6d 62 65 | 72 73 20 61 72 65 20 72 |.C numbe|rs are r|
|000007f0| 65 70 72 65 73 65 6e 74 | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |epresent|ed in th|
|00000800| 65 20 6d 61 63 68 69 6e | 65 27 73 20 6e 61 74 69 |e machin|e's nati|
|00000810| 76 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 | 74 20 61 6e 64 20 62 79 |ve forma|t and by|
|00000820| 74 65 0a 6f 72 64 65 72 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 70 72 |te.order|, and pr|
|00000830| 6f 70 65 72 6c 79 20 61 | 6c 69 67 6e 65 64 20 62 |operly a|ligned b|
|00000840| 79 20 73 6b 69 70 70 69 | 6e 67 20 70 61 64 20 62 |y skippi|ng pad b|
|00000850| 79 74 65 73 20 69 66 20 | 6e 65 63 65 73 73 61 72 |ytes if |necessar|
|00000860| 79 0a 28 61 63 63 6f 72 | 64 69 6e 67 20 74 6f 20 |y.(accor|ding to |
|00000870| 74 68 65 20 72 75 6c 65 | 73 20 75 73 65 64 20 62 |the rule|s used b|
|00000880| 79 20 74 68 65 20 43 20 | 63 6f 6d 70 69 6c 65 72 |y the C |compiler|
|00000890| 29 2e 0a 0a 45 78 61 6d | 70 6c 65 73 20 28 61 6c |)...Exam|ples (al|
|000008a0| 6c 20 6f 6e 20 61 20 62 | 69 67 2d 65 6e 64 69 61 |l on a b|ig-endia|
|000008b0| 6e 20 6d 61 63 68 69 6e | 65 29 3a 0a 0a 5c 62 63 |n machin|e):..\bc|
|000008c0| 6f 64 65 5c 62 65 67 69 | 6e 7b 76 65 72 62 61 74 |ode\begi|n{verbat|
|000008d0| 69 6d 7d 0a 70 61 63 6b | 28 27 68 68 6c 27 2c 20 |im}.pack|('hhl', |
|000008e0| 31 2c 20 32 2c 20 33 29 | 20 3d 3d 20 27 5c 30 30 |1, 2, 3)| == '\00|
|000008f0| 30 5c 30 30 31 5c 30 30 | 30 5c 30 30 32 5c 30 30 |0\001\00|0\002\00|
|00000900| 30 5c 30 30 30 5c 30 30 | 30 5c 30 30 33 27 0a 75 |0\000\00|0\003'.u|
|00000910| 6e 70 61 63 6b 28 27 68 | 68 6c 27 2c 20 27 5c 30 |npack('h|hl', '\0|
|00000920| 30 30 5c 30 30 31 5c 30 | 30 30 5c 30 30 32 5c 30 |00\001\0|00\002\0|
|00000930| 30 30 5c 30 30 30 5c 30 | 30 30 5c 30 30 33 27 29 |00\000\0|00\003')|
|00000940| 20 3d 3d 20 28 31 2c 20 | 32 2c 20 33 29 0a 63 61 | == (1, |2, 3).ca|
|00000950| 6c 63 73 69 7a 65 28 27 | 68 68 6c 27 29 20 3d 3d |lcsize('|hhl') ==|
|00000960| 20 38 0a 5c 65 6e 64 7b | 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 6d | 8.\end{|verbatim|
|00000970| 7d 5c 65 63 6f 64 65 0a | 0a 48 69 6e 74 3a 20 74 |}\ecode.|.Hint: t|
|00000980| 6f 20 61 6c 69 67 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 65 6e 64 20 |o align |the end |
|00000990| 6f 66 20 61 20 73 74 72 | 75 63 74 75 72 65 20 74 |of a str|ucture t|
|000009a0| 6f 20 74 68 65 20 61 6c | 69 67 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 |o the al|ignment |
|000009b0| 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 6d | 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 0a 61 |requirem|ent of.a|
|000009c0| 20 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 | 6c 61 72 20 74 79 70 65 | particu|lar type|
|000009d0| 2c 20 65 6e 64 20 74 68 | 65 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 |, end th|e format|
|000009e0| 20 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 | 65 20 63 6f 64 65 20 66 | with th|e code f|
|000009f0| 6f 72 20 74 68 61 74 20 | 74 79 70 65 20 77 69 74 |or that |type wit|
|00000a00| 68 20 61 0a 72 65 70 65 | 61 74 20 63 6f 75 6e 74 |h a.repe|at count|
|00000a10| 20 6f 66 20 7a 65 72 6f | 2c 20 65 2e 67 2e 5c 20 | of zero|, e.g.\ |
|00000a20| 74 68 65 20 66 6f 72 6d | 61 74 20 5c 63 6f 64 65 |the form|at \code|
|00000a30| 7b 27 6c 6c 68 30 6c 27 | 7d 20 73 70 65 63 69 66 |{'llh0l'|} specif|
|00000a40| 69 65 73 20 74 77 6f 0a | 70 61 64 20 62 79 74 65 |ies two.|pad byte|
|00000a50| 73 20 61 74 20 74 68 65 | 20 65 6e 64 2c 20 61 73 |s at the| end, as|
|00000a60| 73 75 6d 69 6e 67 20 6c | 6f 6e 67 73 20 61 72 65 |suming l|ongs are|
|00000a70| 20 61 6c 69 67 6e 65 64 | 20 6f 6e 20 34 2d 62 79 | aligned| on 4-by|
|00000a80| 74 65 20 62 6f 75 6e 64 | 61 72 69 65 73 2e 0a 0a |te bound|aries...|
|00000a90| 28 4d 6f 72 65 20 66 6f | 72 6d 61 74 20 63 68 61 |(More fo|rmat cha|
|00000aa0| 72 61 63 74 65 72 73 20 | 61 72 65 20 70 6c 61 6e |racters |are plan|
|00000ab0| 6e 65 64 2c 20 65 2e 67 | 2e 5c 20 5c 63 6f 64 65 |ned, e.g|.\ \code|
|00000ac0| 7b 27 73 27 7d 20 66 6f | 72 20 63 68 61 72 61 63 |{'s'} fo|r charac|
|00000ad0| 74 65 72 0a 61 72 72 61 | 79 73 2c 20 75 70 70 65 |ter.arra|ys, uppe|
|00000ae0| 72 20 63 61 73 65 20 66 | 6f 72 20 75 6e 73 69 67 |r case f|or unsig|
|00000af0| 6e 65 64 20 76 61 72 69 | 61 6e 74 73 2c 20 61 6e |ned vari|ants, an|
|00000b00| 64 20 61 20 77 61 79 20 | 74 6f 20 73 70 65 63 69 |d a way |to speci|
|00000b10| 66 79 20 74 68 65 0a 62 | 79 74 65 20 6f 72 64 65 |fy the.b|yte orde|
|00000b20| 72 2c 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 69 73 20 75 73 65 66 |r, which| is usef|
|00000b30| 75 6c 20 66 6f 72 20 5b | 64 65 5d 63 6f 6e 73 74 |ul for [|de]const|
|00000b40| 72 75 63 74 69 6e 67 20 | 6e 65 74 77 6f 72 6b 20 |ructing |network |
|00000b50| 70 61 63 6b 65 74 73 20 | 61 6e 64 0a 72 65 61 64 |packets |and.read|
|00000b60| 69 6e 67 2f 77 72 69 74 | 69 6e 67 20 70 6f 72 74 |ing/writ|ing port|
|00000b70| 61 62 6c 65 20 62 69 6e | 61 72 79 20 66 69 6c 65 |able bin|ary file|
|00000b80| 20 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 73 | 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 54 49 | formats| like TI|
|00000b90| 46 46 20 61 6e 64 20 41 | 49 46 46 2e 29 0a |FF and A|IFF.). |
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+