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- <H1>5.4. Built-in Module <CODE>array</CODE></H1>
- This module defines a new object type which can efficiently represent
- an array of basic values: characters, integers, floating point
- numbers. Arrays are sequence types and behave very much like lists,
- except that the type of objects stored in them is constrained. The
- type is specified at object creation time by using a <DFN>type code</DFN>,
- which is a single character. The following type codes are defined:
- <P>
- <DL>
- <DT><I>Typecode</I><DD><I>Type</I> --- <I>Minimal size in bytes</I>
- <P>
- <DT><CODE>'c'</CODE><DD>character --- 1
- <DT><CODE>'b'</CODE><DD>signed integer --- 1
- <DT><CODE>'h'</CODE><DD>signed integer --- 2
- <DT><CODE>'i'</CODE><DD>signed integer --- 2
- <DT><CODE>'l'</CODE><DD>signed integer --- 4
- <DT><CODE>'f'</CODE><DD>floating point --- 4
- <DT><CODE>'d'</CODE><DD>floating point --- 8
- </DL>
- The actual representation of values is determined by the machine
- architecture (strictly speaking, by the C implementation). The actual
- size can be accessed through the <VAR>itemsize</VAR> attribute.
- <P>
- See also built-in module <CODE>struct</CODE>.
- The module defines the following function:
- <P>
- <DL><DT><B>array</B> (<VAR>typecode</VAR>[, <VAR>initializer</VAR>]) -- function of module array<DD>
- Return a new array whose items are restricted by <VAR>typecode</VAR>, and
- initialized from the optional <VAR>initializer</VAR> value, which must be a
- list or a string. The list or string is passed to the new array's
- <CODE>fromlist()</CODE> or <CODE>fromstring()</CODE> method (see below) to add
- initial items to the array.
- </DL>
- Array objects support the following data items and methods:
- <P>
- <DL><DT><B>typecode</B> -- data of module array<DD>
- The typecode character used to create the array.
- </DL>
- <DL><DT><B>itemsize</B> -- data of module array<DD>
- The length in bytes of one array item in the internal representation.
- </DL>
- <DL><DT><B>append</B> (<VAR>x</VAR>) -- function of module array<DD>
- Append a new item with value <VAR>x</VAR> to the end of the array.
- </DL>
- <DL><DT><B>byteswap</B> (<VAR>x</VAR>) -- function of module array<DD>
- ``Byteswap'' all items of the array. This is only supported for
- integer values. It is useful when reading data from a file written
- on a machine with a different byte order.
- </DL>
- <DL><DT><B>fromfile</B> (<VAR>f</VAR>, <VAR>n</VAR>) -- function of module array<DD>
- Read <VAR>n</VAR> items (as machine values) from the file object <VAR>f</VAR>
- and append them to the end of the array. If less than <VAR>n</VAR> items
- are available, <CODE>EOFError</CODE> is raised, but the items that were
- available are still inserted into the array. <VAR>f</VAR> must be a real
- built-in file object; something else with a <CODE>read()</CODE> method won't
- do.
- </DL>
- <DL><DT><B>fromlist</B> (<VAR>list</VAR>) -- function of module array<DD>
- Append items from the list. This is equivalent to
- <CODE>for x in <VAR>list</VAR>: a.append(x)</CODE>
- except that if there is a type error, the array is unchanged.
- </DL>
- <DL><DT><B>fromstring</B> (<VAR>s</VAR>) -- function of module array<DD>
- Appends items from the string, interpreting the string as an
- array of machine values (i.e. as if it had been read from a
- file using the <CODE>fromfile()</CODE> method).
- </DL>
- <DL><DT><B>insert</B> (<VAR>i</VAR>, <VAR>x</VAR>) -- function of module array<DD>
- Insert a new item with value <VAR>x</VAR> in the array before position
- <VAR>i</VAR>.
- </DL>
- <DL><DT><B>tofile</B> (<VAR>f</VAR>) -- function of module array<DD>
- Write all items (as machine values) to the file object <VAR>f</VAR>.
- </DL>
- <DL><DT><B>tolist</B> () -- function of module array<DD>
- Convert the array to an ordinary list with the same items.
- </DL>
- <DL><DT><B>tostring</B> () -- function of module array<DD>
- Convert the array to an array of machine values and return the
- string representation (the same sequence of bytes that would
- be written to a file by the <CODE>tofile()</CODE> method.)
- </DL>
- When an array object is printed or converted to a string, it is
- represented as <CODE>array(<VAR>typecode</VAR>, <VAR>initializer</VAR>)</CODE>. The
- <VAR>initializer</VAR> is omitted if the array is empty, otherwise it is a
- string if the <VAR>typecode</VAR> is <CODE>'c'</CODE>, otherwise it is a list of
- numbers. The string is guaranteed to be able to be converted back to
- an array with the same type and value using reverse quotes
- (<CODE>``</CODE>). Examples:
- <P>
- <UL COMPACT><CODE>array('l')<P>
- array('c', 'hello world')<P>
- array('l', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])<P>
- array('d', [1.0, 2.0, 3.14])<P>
- </CODE></UL>
-