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- This is a very small tutorial for those who don't know how to use an HP11:
-
- - The HP11 uses RPN (Reverse Polish Notation), not conventional algebraic
- notation. Calculations must thus be done by first entering the operands,
- and then the operation. For example, to calculate:
-
- 5 + 3 you type 5 3 +
- 5 * (2 + 4) you type 5 2 4 + *
- 2 * sin(0.5) you type 0.5 sin 2 *
-
- - When you want to enter two numbers consecutively, you must separate them by
- typing the ENTER key, the above will thus actually be
-
- 5 ENTER 3 +
- 5 ENTER 2 ENTER 4 + *
- 0.5 SIN 2 * <- ENTER only necessary when entering two numbers
-
- - Intermediate results are saved on a stack, but as this is only 4 levels deep,
- you must be slightly careful in which order you do the operations, as in:
-
- ( 6 + 5) * (3 + 2 + 4 + 6)
-
- if you try
-
- 6 ENTER 5 + 3 ENTER 2 ENTER 4 ENTER 6 + + + *
-
- you won't get the expected result, because the 11 (result of 6 5 +) will
- have been lost. This is what happens (X, Y, Z, T are the names of the four
- levels of the stack, the keys pressed are marked between the snapshots of
- the stack) :
-
- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
- T ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
- Z ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]
- ------- ENT ------- 5 ------- + ------- 3 ------- ENT
- Y ] ] ] 6 ] ] 6 ] ] ] ] 11 ]
- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
- X ] 6 ] ] 6 ] ] 5 ] ] 11 ] ] 3 ]
- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
-
- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
- T ] ] ] ] ] 11 ] ] 11 ] ] 3 ] <- 11 is lost
- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
- Z ] 11 ] ] 11 ] ] 3 ] ] 3 ] ] 2 ]
- ------- 2 ------- ENT ------- 4 ------- ENT ------- 6
- Y ] 3 ] ] 3 ] ] 2 ] ] 2 ] ] 4 ]
- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
- X ] 3 ] ] 2 ] ] 2 ] ] 4 ] ] 4 ]
- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
-
- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
- T ] 3 ] ] 3 ] ] 3 ] ] 3 ] ] 3 ]
- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
- Z ] 2 ] ] 3 ] ] 3 ] ] 3 ] ] 3 ]
- ------- + ------- + ------- + ------- * -------
- Y ] 4 ] ] 2 ] ] 3 ] ] 3 ] ] 3 ]
- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
- X ] 6 ] ] 10 ] ] 12 ] ] 15 ] ] 45 ]
- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
-
-
- you get 45 instead of 165 ... You can notice here the effect of ENTER:
- it duplicates the number in X into Y, but the next number entered will
- overwrite it.
-
- If you had done
-
- 3 ENTER 2 + 4 + 6 + 6 ENTER 5 + *
-
- you would have got 165 as expected (it's also shorter to type it this
- way ...). Note that in practice, this problem rarely arises.
-
- - Operations like sin, cos, hyperbolic sine (got by typing f HYP SIN) modify
- the number in X.
-
- - There are 20 registers, accessible by RCL/STO 0-9 & RCL/STO . 0-9
-
- - You can choose the display mode with f FIX/SCI/ENG 0-9, and the angular
- mode with g DEG/RAD/GRAD.
-
- - Statistics use registers 0 to 5 (clear them first with f CLEAR-Sigma).
- Sigma-+ adds the X,Y pair, you can calculate the mean, sdev, linear
- regression, estimation & correlation (these last two simultaneously).
-
- Programming
- -----------
-
- - You enter or leave programming mode by typing g P/R.
-
- - You add instructions by typing them, remove them with <-, and you can move
- around in the program with SST, g BST & GTO . xxx, where xxx is the
- program step number.
-
- - Programs are composed of numbered steps, from 1 to 203. When a program is
- run, these are normally executed sequentially.
-
- - Program steps are displayed as sequences of up to 3 pairs of 2 digits
- (eventually with a . ) These numbers correspond to the keys pressed to
- enter the instructions, with the keys numbered starting at 11 for
- square root, 12 for e^x, ... 16 for CHS, 10 for /, 21 for SST, ...
- Digits (0 to 9) are represented as themselves. Experiment ! You'll
- remember them after a while (if you have the patience :-)).
-
- - Gotos: You can enter labels anywhere, with f LBL 0-9 or A-E. GTO 0-9, A-E
- will transfer control to the step following the label.
-
- - Gosub: GSB 0-9, A-E will call the subroutine starting at the label, the
- next RTN will return you to the step after the GSB. Subroutines can be
- nested (upto four deep).
-
- - Tests: the instructions x =<>... 0/y compare X with 0 or Y. if the condition
- is true, thew next step is executed, otherwise skipped (this step is often
- a GTO).
-
- - Indirection: The special register I allows indirection. If I contains 5,
- RCL/STO (i) is equivalent to RCL/STO 5,
- GSB/GTO I is equivalent to GTO/GSB 5
- DSE & ISG drive you mad. Actually, if I = nnnnn.xxxyy
-
- DSE will do : I = I - yy
- if I <= xxx skip next step
-
- ISG : I = I + yy
- if I > xxx skip next step
-
- If yy = 0, 1 is used.
-
- - Programs are runb out of program mode, either by pressing R/S (program starts
- at current step) (This will stop a program if it is running), or with
- GSB 0-9,A-E which will start the program at the apropriate label.
-
- Errors
- ------
- Error 0 : division by 0, ln 0
- Error 1 : Register overflow (when using STO+, STO*, ...)
- Error 2 : Statistic error
- Error 3 : No such register
- Error 4 : No program memory left
- Error 5 : Subroutines nested more than 4 deep
- Error 6 : No such flag
-
-
- Remark
- ------
-
- There is a lot I haven't said (LastX, STO+-*/, lots of functions, etc, etc)
- and certainly a few subtleties missed out. Experiment !
-
-