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- Bifurcate
- ---------
- !Fractal would not be complete without bifurcation diagrams, one of the
- original manifestations of chaos. They were originally discovered from a
- very simple equation to describe animal populations:
-
- New Population = Growth Rate * Old Population * ( 1 - Old Population)
-
- where population is a value between 0 and 1. With growth rates < 200% a
- single line results, over 200% it splits (bifurcates) into 2, then 4, then
- becomes chaotic. In the plot the x-axis is the growth rate, the y-axis is
- the population.
-
- Bifurcate plots points, the colours of which are set from the main Plot
- Options dialogue box in the Effects menu. For best results set Initial
- Colour=0 and Plot Type to 'Subtract' so that where multiple points are
- plotted at the same pixel, the colour is decremented.
-
- The data values for Bifurcate are:
-
- Growth Rate: value at x0.
- Pop. Size : value at y0.
- Rate Range : add to x0 to give growth rate at far right.
- Pop. Range : add to y0 to give population at top of screen.
- Init Popn. : The inital value of the population used in the equation.
- Max Gen. : Number of generations to calculate for each growth rate.
- Min Gen. : Number of generations before plotting.
-
- The Min Gen value is used as a low filter to let the population stabilise
- before plotting, whilst the Max Gen is the total number of generations to
- calculate before moving onto the next growth rate.
-
- You can zoom in to examine the chaotic patterns, which often reveal detail.
- Increase Max Gen as you zoom in to see the range of population values.
- !Fractal switches from fast 32 bit to full floating point calculations as
- you zoom in.
-
- There are many formulae that lead to bifurcation diagrams. There are several
- to choose from the menu - the 'R' in the equation is the growth rate.
- Mitchel Feigenbaum discovered that the ratios of lengths of adjacent areas
- of bifurcation were always 4.6692..., a constant that is now named afer him.
-