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- .\" @(#)e1 6.1 (Berkeley) 5/22/86
- .\"
- .2C $gsize 9$
- .nr PS 9
- .nr VS 11p
- .NH
- Introduction
- .PP
- ``Mathematics is known in the trade as
- .ul
- difficult,
- or
- .ul
- penalty, copy
- because it is slower, more difficult,
- and more expensive to set in type
- than any other kind of copy normally
- occurring in books and journals.''
- [1]
- .PP
- One difficulty with mathematical text
- is the multiplicity of characters,
- sizes, and fonts.
- An expression such as
- .EQ
- lim from {x-> pi /2} ( tan~x) sup{sin~2x}~=~1
- .EN
- requires an intimate mixture of roman, italic and greek letters, in three sizes,
- and a special character or two.
- (``Requires'' is perhaps the wrong word,
- but mathematics has its own typographical conventions
- which are quite different from those
- of ordinary text.)
- Typesetting such an expression by traditional methods
- is still an essentially manual operation.
- .PP
- A second difficulty is the two dimensional character
- of mathematics,
- which the superscript and limits in the preceding example
- showed in its simplest form.
- This is carried further by
- .EQ
- a sub 0 + b sub 1 over
- {a sub 1 + b sub 2 over
- {a sub 2 + b sub 3 over
- {a sub 3 + ... }}}
- .EN
- .sp
- and still further by
- .EQ
- define emx "{e sup mx}"
- define mab "{m sqrt ab}"
- define sa "{sqrt a}"
- define sb "{sqrt b}"
- int dx over {a emx - be sup -mx} ~=~
- left { lpile {
- 1 over {2 mab} ~log~ {sa emx - sb} over {sa emx + sb}
- above
- 1 over mab ~ tanh sup -1 ( sa over sb emx )
- above
- -1 over mab ~ coth sup -1 ( sa over sb emx )
- }
- .EN
- These examples also show line-drawing, built-up characters like braces and radicals,
- and a spectrum of positioning problems.
- (Section 6 shows
- what a user has to type to produce these
- on our system.)
-