home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
- When King Edward died.......Harold immediately seized the kingdom,
- thus violating the oath which he had sworn to the duke. Therefore, the duke
- at once sent messengers to Harold urging him to desist from this
- mad policy, and to keep the faith which he had pledged with his oath....
- ...the duke hastily built a fleet of 3,000 ships.....and when a
- favourable wind blew, het set sail......and landed at Pevensey where
- he immediately built a castle...He left this in charge of some
- troops, and with others he hurried to Hastings where he erected another
- similar fortress. Harold, rejecting caution, advanced against this
- and after riding all night, he appeared on the field of battle early
- in the morning.
-
- At first light, (the duke) having disposed his troops in three lines of
- battle, he advanced undaunted against the terrible enemy. The battle
- began at the third hour of the day, and continued, amid a weltage of
- carnage and slaughter until nightfall. Harold himself, fighting amid
- the front rank of his army, fell covered with deadly wounds. And the
- English, seeing their king dead, lost confidence in their own safety,
- and as night approached they turned and fled.
-
- William of Jumieges, Gesta Normannorum Ducum.
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Duke William and the whole army committed themselves to
- God's protection, with prayers, and offerings, and vows, and
- accompanied a procession from the church, carrying the relics of
- St Valeri, confessor of Christ, to obtain a favourable wind......
- ......and landing on the coast of England (they) took possession
- of Pevensey and hastings, the defence of which was entrusted to a
- chosen body of soldiers, to cover a retreat and guard the fleet.
-
- This author says that after the Battle of Stamford Bridge, Harold's
- brother Earl Gurth, said to him, "It is best, dearest brother and lord,
- that your courage should be tempered by direction. You are worn
- by the conflict with the Norwegians from which you are only just come,
- and you are eager in haste to give battle to the Normans, Allow yourself,
- I pray you, some time for rest. REFLECT ALSO, IN YOUR WISDOM, ON THE
- OATH YOU HAVE TAKEN TO THE DUKE OF NORMANDY. Beware of incurring the
- guilt of perjury, lest by so great a crime you draw ruin on yourself
- and the forces of the nation, and stain forever the honour of your
- own race......"
-
- Harold ignored this........."and even forgot himself so far as to kick
- his mother when she hung about him."
-
- The duke readied himself for the battle, even hanging round his kneck
- the holy relics that Harold had sworn his oath on !
-
- William also heard mass before the battle.
-
- "The battle commenced at the third hour of the 14th October, and was
- fought desperately the whole day, with the loss of many thousands on both
- sides.
-
- The Norman duke drew up his light troops, consisting of archers and
- men armed with cross-bows, in the first line; the infantry in armour formed
- the second rank; and in the third were placed the cavalry, in the centre
- of which the duke stationed himself with the flower of his troops, so as
- to be able to issue his commands, and give support to every part of the
- army."
-
- The English dismounted fro their horses and took position 'at a place
- which was anciently called Senlac'.
-
- The Norman infantry attacked first at 'the sound of the trumpet in
- both armies'.
-
- 'At length the indomitable bravery of the English threw the Bretons, both
- horse and foot, into retreat, a great part of the army following them,
- in the belief that the duke had been killed.'
-
- 'The duke...rode up to the fugitives and checked their retreat, loudly
- threatening them, and striking with his lance. Taking off his
- helmet, and exposing his naked head, he shouted :'See, I am here;
- I am still living, and, by God's help, shall yet have the victory'.
- Suddenly the courage of the fugitives was restored by these bold words
- of the duke.'
-
- '....the duke had three horses killed under him in the battle; thrice he
- remounted...'
-
- 'Although the battle was fought with the greatest fury from nine
- o'clock in the morning, King harold was slain in the first onset...'
-
- 'The Normans, finding the English completely routed, pursued them
- all Sunday night, but not without great loss; for, galloping
- onwards in hot pursuit, they fell, unawares, horses and armour, into
- an ancient trench, overgrown and concealed by the rank grass, and men
- in their armour and horses rolling over each other, were crushed and
- smothered....'
-
-
- 'The victory being secured, the duke returned to the field of battle,
- where he viewed the dreadful carnage........Harold could not be
- discovered by his features, but was recognised by other tokens, and his
- corpse, being taken to the duke's camp, was, by order of the conqueror,
- delivered to William Mallet for interment near the sea-shore.'
-
- Ordericus Vitalis. Historia Ecclesiastica.
-