BMUG PD-ROM A

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Text File | 1990-01-09 | 12.7 KB | 328 lines | [TEXT/MACA]

Helpfile for MacABC. To adapt: everything between lines with just =i= and === is printed by the i-th item in the Help menu. =1= -------------------------------------------------------------------- Open from Finder: MacABC to start in workspace group in folder "abc" on this disk wsgroup.abc to start in workspace group in this folder perm.abc to start in this workspace sugg.abc idem position.abc idem types.abc idem *.cts idem xxx.cmd to execute command defined by this how-to (provided it has no parameters) -------------------------------------------------------------------- === =2= -------------------------------------------------------------------- TEXT file to table: Fill an ABC table with text lines from any Macintosh TEXT file table to TEXT file: Write text lines from an ABC table to a MacWrite TEXT file how-to's to TEXT file: List the how-to's in workspace on a MacWrite TEXT file Page Setup: As in any Mac application ... Print location: Print how-to: Print workspace how-to's: Printing ... Recover current workspace: Recover the current workspace when its index is lost Recover workspace-group index: Recover the index of a group of workspaces Quit: You can also type "QUIT" to finish an ABC session -------------------------------------------------------------------- === =3= -------------------------------------------------------------------- Key bindings not shown in menus: Undo [Backspace] Clear [Clear] Accept [Tab] Newline [Return] Exit [Enter] Up \ Down \ Arrow keys Left / Right / Cut and Clear are actually ABC's Delete; bound to [Cmd-X] and [Clear]. Copy and Paste are ABC's Copy; bound to [Cmd-C] and [Cmd-V]. These Command-key equivalents also work for disabled menu items. ABC's copybuffer is not passed on to the Mac Clipboard. -------------------------------------------------------------------- === =4= -------------------------------------------------------------------- :name visit a how-to : visit last how-to :: list how-to's =name visit a permanent location = visit last permanent location == list permanent locations Use "Exit" from the Special menu (or [Enter] key) to end visit. >name visit a workspace > visit last workspace >> list workspaces -------------------------------------------------------------------- === =5= -------------------------------------------------------------------- NAME DEFAULT KEYS* SHORT DESCRIPTION Undo [Cmd-Z], Undo effect of last key pressed (may be repeated) [Backspace] Redo [Cmd-U] Redo last UNDOne key (may be repeated) Copy+ [Cmd-C], [Cmd-V] Copy buffer to hole, or focus to buffer Delete+ [Cmd-X], [Clear] Delete contents of focus (to buffer if empty) + Cut and Clear are mapped to ABC's Delete. Copy and Paste are mapped to ABC's Copy. ABC's copybuffer is not (yet) transferred to the Mac's Clipboard. The keyboard equivalents for Copy and Delete always work (regardless of disabled menu items). * [Cmd-X] means: hold the [Command] key (with the Clover-leaf symbol or an Apple) down while pressing x. -------------------------------------------------------------------- === =6= -------------------------------------------------------------------- NAME DEFAULT KEYS SHORT DESCRIPTION Widen [Cmd-W] Widen focus Extend [Cmd-E] Extend focus (usually to the right) First [Cmd-F] Move focus to first contained item Last [Cmd-L] Move focus to last contained item Previous [Cmd-P] Move focus to previous item Next [Cmd-N] Move focus to next item Upline [Cmd-U] Move focus to whole line above Downline [Cmd-D] Move focus to whole line below Up <UpArrow> Make new hole, move up Down <DownArrow> Make new hole, move down Left <LeftArrow> Make new hole, move left Right <RightArrow> Make new hole, move right Goto <mouseclick> New focus at cursor position -------------------------------------------------------------------- === =7= -------------------------------------------------------------------- NAME DEFAULT KEYS SHORT DESCRIPTION Accept [Tab] Accept suggestion, focus to hole or end of line Return [Return] Add line or decrease indentation Record [Cmd-R] Start/stop recording keystrokes Play [Cmd-T] Play back recorded keystrokes Exit [Enter] Finish changes or execute command Select Pause menu title to temporarily halt interpreter output. Interrupt [Cmd-.] Interrupt command execution -------------------------------------------------------------------- === =9= -------------------------------------------------------------------- WRITE expr Write to screen; / before or after expr gives new line READ address EG expr Read expression from terminal to address; expr is example READ address RAW Read line of text PUT expr IN address Put value of expr in address SET RANDOM expr Start random sequence for random and choice REMOVE expr FROM list Remove one element from list INSERT expr IN list Insert in right place DELETE address Delete permanent location or table entry PASS Do nothing KEYWORD expr KEYWORD ... Execute user-defined command KEYWORD Execute refined command CHECK test Check test and stop if it fails IF test: If test succeeds, execute commands; commands no ELSE allowed SELECT: Select one alternative: test: commands try each test in order ... (one must succeed; test: commands the last test may be ELSE) WHILE test: As long as test succeeds commands execute commands FOR name,... IN train: Take each element of train in turn commands -------------------------------------------------------------------- === =10= -------------------------------------------------------------------- HOW TO KEYWORD ...: Define new command KEYWORD ... commands HOW TO RETURN f: Define new function f with no arguments commands (returns a value) HOW TO RETURN f x: Define new function f with one argument commands HOW TO RETURN x f y: Define new function f with two arguments commands HOW TO REPORT pr: Define new predicate pr with no arguments commands (succeeds/fails) HOW TO REPORT pr x: Define new predicate pr with one argument commands HOW TO REPORT x pr y: Define new predicate pr with two arguments commands SHARE name,... Share permanent locations (before commands of how-to) Refinements (after the commands of a how-to) KEYWORD: commands Define command refinement name: commands Define expression- or test-refinement Terminating commands QUIT Leave command how-to or command refinement, or leave ABC RETURN expr Leave function how-to or expression refinement, return value of expr REPORT test Leave predicate how-to or test-refinement, report outcome of test SUCCEED The same, report success FAIL The same, report failure -------------------------------------------------------------------- === =11= -------------------------------------------------------------------- 666, 3.14, 3.14e-9 Exact constants expr,expr,... Compound name,name,... Naming (may also be used as address) text@p "ABCD"@2 = "BCD" (also address) text|q "ABCD"|3 = "ABC" (also address) text@p|q "ABCD"@2|1 = "BCD"|1 = "B" table[expr] Table selection (also address) "Jan", 'Feb', 'Won''t!' Textual displays (empty: "" or '') "value = `expr`;" Conversion of expr to text {1; 2; 2; ...} List display (empty: {}) {1..9; ...}, {"a".."z"; ...} List of consecutive values {["Jan"]: 1; ["Feb"]: 2; ...} Table display (empty: {}) f, f x, x f y Result of function f (no permanent effects) name Result of refinement (no permanent effects) -------------------------------------------------------------------- === =12= -------------------------------------------------------------------- TESTS x < y, x <= y, x >= y, x > y Order tests x = y, x <> y (<> means `not equals') 0 <= d < 10 pr, pr x, x pr y Outcome of predicate pr (no permanent effects) name Outcome of refinement (no permanent effects) test AND test AND ... Fails as soon as one of the tests fails test OR test OR ... Succeeds as soon as one of the tests succeeds NOT test SOME name,... IN train HAS test Sets name, ... on success EACH name,... IN train HAS test Sets name, ... on failure NO name,... IN train HAS test Sets name, ... on failure -------------------------------------------------------------------- === =13= -------------------------------------------------------------------- Functions and predicates on numbers ~x Approximate value of x exactly x Exact value of x exact x Test if x is exact +x, x+y, x-y, -x, x*y, x/y Plain arithmetic x**y x raised to the power y root x, n root x Square root, n-th root abs x, sign x Absolute value, sign (= -1, 0, or +1) round x, floor x, ceiling x Rounded to whole number n round x x rounded to n digits after decimal point a mod n Remainder of a on division by n */x Numerator of exact number x /*x Denominator random Random approximate number r, 0 <= r < 1 e, exp x Base of natural logarithm, exponential function log x, b log x Natural logarithm, logarithm to the base b pi, sin x, cos x, tan x, arctan x Trigonometric functions, with x in radians angle (x, y), radius (x, y) Angle of and radius to point (x, y) c sin x, c cos x, c tan x Similar, with the circle divided into c parts c arctan x, c angle (x, y) (e.g. 360 for degrees) now e.g. (1999, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59.999) -------------------------------------------------------------------- === =14= -------------------------------------------------------------------- Functions on texts t^u t and u joined into one text t^^n t repeated n times lower t lower "aBc" = "abc" upper t upper "aBc" = "ABC" stripped t Strip leading and trailing spaces from t split t Split text t into words Function on tables keys table List of all keys in table Functions and predicates on trains #train Number of elements in train e#train Number of elements equal to e e in train, e not.in train Test for presence or absence min train Smallest element of train e min train Smallest element larger than e max train, e max train Largest element train item n n-th element choice train Random element -------------------------------------------------------------------- === =15= -------------------------------------------------------------------- Functions on all types x<<n x converted to text, aligned left in width n x><n The same, centred x>>n The same, aligned right THE CHARACTERS !"#$%&'()*+,-./ This is the order of all characters 0123456789:;<=>? that may occur in a text. @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO (The first is a space.) PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_ `abcdefghijklmno pqrstuvwxyz{|}~ -------------------------------------------------------------------- ===