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Unity Programmer's Editor Version 3.3.1 Copyright (c)1990,91 Ross Neilson Wentworth All Rights Reserved Chapter One Registration and License Information Registration Information Unity is a copyrighted program protected by both U.S. and international copyright law. If you obtained Unity from a shareware disk vendor, an on-line computer service or bulletin board, a friend or colleague, or another similar source, you have an unregistered (trial) copy. You are authorized to use this copy without charge for a limited period of time under the terms of the Unity license agreement. After this time is up, you must register and pay for Unity to continue using it. This method of distribution is known as shareware. It allows you to determine whether Unity meets your needs before you pay for it. For price and ordering information please refer to the file ORDER.FRM. Registering entitles you to: o A disk with the latest version of Unity, registered to you. o One copy of the printed Unity manual (extra). o Technical support via electronic mail or (limited) telephone. Network, site, corporate, and bundling licenses are also available; contact Serendipity Software for more information. Voice telephone support is limited because I must also work a "regular" job. My hours vary wildly so I am often available in the middle of the day. License Agreement (1) Copyright: The Unity program and all other programs and documentation distributed or shipped with it are Copyright Ross Neilson Wentworth and Serendipity Software, 1990, 1991, and are protected by U.S. and international copyright law. Chapter 1. Registration and License Information Page 3 (2) Definitions: Unity is distributed in two forms. A "registered" copy of Unity is a copy distributed on diskette, purchased from Serendipity or from a dealer, and which includes a serial number and the legend "registered" on the diskette label. A "shareware" copy of Unity is a copy distributed on diskette or via an electronic bulletin board, on-line service, or other electronic means, obtained from a shareware disk vendor, or obtained from another individual, and which displays the legend "shareware" program copyright notice, and in most cases on the diskette label as well (if applicable). (3) Shareware Copies: Shareware copies of Unity are distributed to allow you to try the program before you pay for it. They are Copyright 1990, 1991, Ross Neilson Wentworth and Serendipity Software, and do not constitute "free" or "public domain" software. You may use a shareware copy of Unity at no charge for a trial period of up to 30 days. If you wish to continue using Unity after that period, you must purchase a registered copy. If you choose not to purchase a registered copy, you must stop using Unity, though you may keep copies and pass them along to others. (4) Registered Copies: Your registered copy of Unity may only be used by one person at any time. It may be installed on multiple computers so long as there is no possibility of it being used at one location while it's being used at another. (5) Use of Unity on Networks or Multiple Systems: You may install your registered copy of Unity on a computer attached to a network, provided there is no possibility that your copy will be used by more users than it is licensed for. A "user" is defined as one keyboard which is connected to a computer on which Unity is installed, regardless of whether or not the user of the keyboard is aware of the installation or use of Unity in the system. (6) Making Copies: You may copy any version of Unity for normal backup purposes, and you may give copies of the shareware version to other individuals, which they may also use and copy subject to the terms of this agreement. If you copy the shareware version of Unity for others, you must include all of the files distributed with it, including this one. You may not give copies of the registered version or brand program to any other person for any purpose, and you may not make any copies of the printed and bound Unity manual without explicit written permission from Serendipity Software. (7) Distribution Restrictions: You may NOT distribute Unity other than through individual copies of the shareware version passed to friends and associates for their individual use. Specifically, you may not place Unity or any part of the Unity package in any user group or commercial library, or distribute it with any other product or as an incentive to purchase any other product, without express written permission from Serendipity Software, and you may not distribute for a fee, or in any way Page 4 Chapter 1. Registration and License Information sell copies of Unity or any part of the Unity package. If you are a shareware disk vendor approved by the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP), you may place Unity in your library without prior written permission, provided you notify Serendipity Software within 15 days of doing so; and provided your application has been fully approved in writing by the ASP, and is not simply submitted or awaiting review. (8) Use of Unity: Unity is a powerful program. While we have attempted to build in reasonable safeguards, if you do not use Unity properly you may destroy files or cause other damage to your computer software and data. You assume full responsibility for the selection and use of Unity to achieve your intended results. As stated below, Serendipity Software limits its warranty to replacement of a defective program diskette or manual. (9) LIMITED WARRANTY: Serendipity Software warrants to owners of registered copies of Unity that the software will operate in accordance with the description given in the documentation, and that the diskette and manual will be free of physical defects which interfere with normal use. For a period of 90 days from the date of your purchase of Unity, Serendipity Software will, at its sole option and subject to the restrictions above and below, repair or replace any defective item(s), or refund the purchase price of any diskette and/or manual and/or any other parts or components of Unity found to be defective, if such defect is the fault of Serendipity Software and not the result of misuse or abuse. Such a refund, repair, or replacement shall be your sole remedy for any defects, program error(s), or documentation error(s). In no event shall Serendipity Software be responsible for any other costs or damages whatsoever due to errors in usage or your failure to read, understand, or follow instructions in the documentation. SERENDIPITY SOFTWARE MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Serendipity Software's warranty is expressly limited to the cost of replacement of any defective diskette or other part. (10) Satisfaction Guarantee: If you are dissatisfied with a registered copy of Unity for any reason (whether or not you find a software error or defect), you may return the entire package at any time up to 90 days after purchase for a full refund of your original registration fee. Chapter 1. Registration and License Information Page 5 To register Unity print the file ORDER.FRM, fill it out and mail it to the following address. Be sure to include the proper amount as indicated on the order form. Ross Neilson Wentworth 1422 Elkgrove Circle, Suite 3 Venice, CA 90291 (213)399-1244 That's a VOICE number listed above. I know that a few people out there are not verifying phone numbers before calling with their modem because I've been getting the occasional late night call with nobody on the other end. For BBS numbers please see page 77. Page 6 Chapter 1. Registration and License Information Chapter Two Overview Unity Programmer's Editor is appropriately named. It easily unites all of your programming tools into an intuitive programmer's environment. Unity will automatically select the correct tool for the job, such as an assembler for an ASM file, a Pascal compiler for a PAS file, etc. Major features of Unity: o Shell to most any command-line compiler and programming tools; preconfigured for Turbo Pascal, Turbo Assembler, Turbo Debugger, Turbo Profiler, and many others. o You don't compile blind! You can watch what your compiler is doing, unlike Brief which redirects the output to a file but doesn't echo it to the screen. o Shell to DOS. o Execute "work" program. o Jump to line where errors occurred when compiling or assembling. o Display the compiler error message on the status line. o Multiple file editing (Unity supports up to six windows). o Edit the same file in multiple windows - changes are communicated across windows. o User extensible video adapter support. o Use as little memory as possible when shelling. Expanded memory, extended memory (with an XMS driver), and disk swapping are supported. If the computer is equipped with sufficient expanded memory or XMS extended memory, and enough is available, less than 10k of conventional memory will be consumed by the editor while running the compiler, debugger, or shelling to DOS. In other words, the amount of conventional memory wasted is so trivial that it can be ignored. The minimum EMS required is 128k. The required amount increases by the number and size of files being edited, 384k of available EMS is recommended for an average size source file. When any shell is made (compile, debug, DOS, etc.) Unity first attempts to swap itself into XMS (if enabled). If that fails it will try using EMS (if enabled). At as last resort swapping will be done to disk. If that fails then the program will not be swapped and less memory for the shell will be available or the shell will not be possible. Chapter 2. Registration and License Information Page 7 Page 8 Chapter 2. Overview Chapter Three Getting Started You can start Unity in one of three ways: 1. You can enter UNITY at the DOS command line, and Unity will create the file NONAME for you to edit. You can name it later on. 2. You can specify one to three file names at one time. For example, UNITY ONE.PAS TWO.PAS THREE.PAS, which tells Unity to open three text windows, one for each file. If a file doesn't exist, Unity will create it. 3. You can specify a file mask, e.g., UNITY *.PAS, which tells Unity to display a list of file names matching the mask '*.PAS'; you can then pick the file to edit from a sorted directory listing. You can optionally specify a macro to execute after opening each file with the /# command line options, where # is a digit from '1' to '9'. For example to execute macro number 9 you would specify UNITY /9 MYFILE.PAS. Automatic macro execution is useful when your default settings are different from a desired setting under special circumstances. Normally, programmers do not wish Word Wrap to be on, but if you are working with a document you may wish to force it on. If macro 9 includes the Word Wrap On command you could set up a batch file (or alias if you use PCED or 4DOS) that automatically includes the '/9' command line options. A special command line option is supported to handle unusual display behavior. If Unity is not correctly detecting the type of video system you have then you need to use the /Vn command line options, where n is one of the following: 0 - Monochrome/Hercules 1 - CGA 2 - MCGA 3 - EGA 4 - VGA 5 - PGC Using this option will force Unity to use the video mode specified, regardless of what it thinks is connected. CAUTION! Specifying an incorrect value may cause Unity to become confused, resulting in an illegible screen. Chapter 3. Getting Started Page 9 Registered copies of Unity include several video device drivers. To use one rename it to UNITY.VID. The following video device drivers are current provided: MEGA.VID Monochrome EGA CEGA.VID Color EGA MVGA.VID Monochrome VGA CVGA.VID Color VGA MTRIDENT.VID Monochrome Trident VGA CTRIDENT.VID Color Trident VGA The assembler source code is included so you can modify an existing driver to add vendor specific video modes. Page 10 Chapter 3. Getting Started Chapter Four The Editing Screen The top line of the screen in Unity is always set aside as a prompt line. Messages and instructions are usually displayed here. When you press the first key of a command assigned to two keystrokes, the keystroke is echoed at the left edge of the prompt line. The top line of any editing window in Unity is always a status line, providing the following information: >Z< Indicates that the window has been zoomed to fill the screen. FILENAME The name and extension of the file being edited. Although Unity accepts complete path designations - for example "C:\DOCS\SAMPLE.DOC", the drive and path name will not be displayed on the status line. xx% Indicates the position of the cursor relative to the last character in the file. Line n Shows the number of the line containing the cursor, counting from the start of the file. Col n Shows the number of the column containing the cursor. Insert Indicates that Insert mode is in effect. If Insert is off, "Over" (for overwrite) will be displayed instead. Indent Indicates that Autoindent mode is in effect. Wrap Indicates that wordwrap is in effect. Justify Indicates that right-justification is in effect. Mar Rel Indicates that the margin release command has been used to temporarily override the left and right margin while wordwrap is on. This is displayed in the location usually reserved for "Wrap" and "Justify". >R< Indicates that macro recording is on. >M< Indicates that a macro is running. If the tab line has been turned on with the Toggle Tab Line command, the second line in the text window will display the locations of the current stops, as well as the left and right margins. Chapter 4. Getting Started Page 11 Page 12 Chapter 4. The Editing Screen Chapter Five Quick Reference Guide ╔══════════════════════════╤══════════════╤══════════════╗ ║Keyboard Quick Reference │Primary │Alternate ║ ╟──────────────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────╢ ║Project │<F9> │ ║ ║Execute │<AltE> │ ║ ║Build all │ │ ║ ║Symbols │ │ ║ ║Tool 1 │<AltC> │ ║ ║Tool 2 │<AltA> │ ║ ║Tool 3 │<AltD> │ ║ ║Tool 4 │<AltP> │ ║ ║Tool 5 │<AltT> │ ║ ║Tool 6 │<AltG> │ ║ ║Tool 7 │ │ ║ ║Tool 8 │ │ ║ ║Tool 9 │ │ ║ ║Tool 10 │ │ ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Set primary file name │<AltF> │ ║ ║Make current file primary │<AltH> │ ║ ║Set autosave timer │ │ ║ ║Next error file │<CtrlF5> │ ║ ║Next error │<F5> │ ║ ║Previous error │<F4> │ ║ ║Tool 1 options │ │ ║ ║Tool 2 options │ │ ║ ║Tool 3 options │ │ ║ ║Tool 4 options │ │ ║ ║Tool 5 options │ │ ║ ║Tool 6 options │ │ ║ ║Tool 7 options │ │ ║ ║Tool 8 options │ │ ║ ║Tool 9 options │ │ ║ ║Tool 10 options │ │ ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ Chapter 5. Quick Reference Guide Page 13 ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Edit another file │<F3> │ ║ ║Abandon all files │<AltQ> │ ║ ║Read file into window │<CtrlK><CtrlR>│ ║ ║Write block to file │<CtrlK><CtrlW>│ ║ ║Save and continue edit │<CtrlK><CtrlS>│<F2> ║ ║Save file and close window│<CtrlK><CtrlX>│ ║ ║Close all but current file│<CtrlK><CtrlA>│ ║ ║Save/switch files │<CtrlK><CtrlD>│ ║ ║Save and exit to DOS │<AltX> │ ║ ║Write to named file │<CtrlK><CtrlN>│ ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Character left │<Lft> │<CtrlS> ║ ║Character right │<Rgt> │<CtrlD> ║ ║Word left │<CtrlLft> │<CtrlA> ║ ║Word right │<CtrlRgt> │<CtrlF> ║ ║Line up │<Up> │<CtrlE> ║ ║Line down │<Dn> │<CtrlX> ║ ║Scroll up │<CtrlW> │ ║ ║Scroll down │<CtrlZ> │ ║ ║Page down │<PgDn> │<CtrlC> ║ ║Page up │<PgUp> │<CtrlR> ║ ║Top of window │<CtrlPgUp> │<CtrlQ><CtrlR>║ ║Bottom of window │<CtrlPgDn> │<CtrlQ><CtrlC>║ ║Cursor to left side │<Home> │<CtrlQ><CtrlS>║ ║Cursor to right side │<End> │<CtrlQ><CtrlD>║ ║Top of screen │<CtrlHome> │<CtrlQ><CtrlE>║ ║Bottom of screen │<CtrlEnd> │<CtrlQ><CtrlX>║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Go to line │<CtrlJ><CtrlL>│ ║ ║Go to column │<CtrlJ><CtrlC>│ ║ ║Go to window │<CtrlJ><CtrlW>│ ║ ║Top of block │<CtrlQ><CtrlB>│ ║ ║Bottom of block │<CtrlQ><CtrlK>│ ║ ║Jump marker 0..9 │<CtrlQ>0 .. <CtrlQ>9 ║ ║Set marker 0..9 │<CtrlK>0 .. <CtrlK>9 ║ ║Previous cursor position │<CtrlQ><CtrlP>│ ║ ║Up to equal indent │<CtrlJ><CtrlB>│ ║ ║Down to equal indent │<CtrlJ><CtrlE>│ ║ ║Next sentence │<CtrlQ><CtrlZ>│ ║ ║Previous sentence │<CtrlQ><CtrlW>│ ║ ║Set a marker via menu │ │ ║ ║Jump to marker by menu │ │ ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ Page 14 Chapter 5. Quick Reference Guide ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║New line │<CtrlM> │ ║ ║Insert line │<CtrlN> │ ║ ║Insert control char │<CtrlP> │ ║ ║Delete current character │<Del> │<CtrlG> ║ ║Delete left character │<CtrlH> │ ║ ║Delete right word │<CtrlT> │ ║ ║Delete left word │<CtrlBks> │ ║ ║Delete line right │<CtrlQ><CtrlY>│ ║ ║Delete line │<CtrlY> │ ║ ║Delete Line (no undo) │ │ ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Find pattern │<CtrlQ><CtrlF>│ ║ ║Find and replace │<CtrlQ><CtrlA>│ ║ ║Search and apply macro │<CtrlQ><CtrlM>│ ║ ║Find next │<CtrlL> │ ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Add window │<CtrlO><CtrlA>│<ShiftF3> ║ ║Close window │<CtrlK><CtrlQ>│ ║ ║Next window │<CtrlO><CtrlN>│<F6> ║ ║Previous window │<CtrlO><CtrlP>│<ShiftF6> ║ ║Resize current window │<CtrlO><CtrlS>│ ║ ║Toggle zoom mode │<AltZ> │ ║ ║Zoom the current window │ │ ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Begin block │<CtrlK><CtrlB>│<F7> ║ ║End block │<CtrlK><CtrlK>│<F8> ║ ║Copy block │<CtrlK><CtrlC>│ ║ ║Move block │<CtrlK><CtrlV>│ ║ ║Delete block │<CtrlK><CtrlY>│ ║ ║Toggle block display │<CtrlK><CtrlH>│ ║ ║Mark current line │<CtrlK><CtrlL>│ ║ ║Mark current word │<CtrlK><CtrlT>│ ║ ║Shift block left │<ShiftF7> │<AltLft> ║ ║Shift block right │<ShiftF8> │<AltRgt> ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Toggle macro record │<CtrlJ><CtrlT>│ ║ ║Playback scrap │<CtrlJ><CtrlI>│ ║ ║Playback scrap 1..9 times │<CtrlJ>1 .. <CtrlJ>9 ║ ║Playback macro 1..9 │<Alt1> .. <Alt9> ║ ║Playback macro by menu │ │ ║ ║Edit macro │ │ ║ ║Load macros from disk │ │ ║ ║Write macros to disk │ │ ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ Chapter 5. Quick Reference Guide Page 15 ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Repeat macro │<CtrlJ><CtrlM>│ ║ ║Abort macro end of block │<CtrlJ><CtrlN>│ ║ ║Abort macro end of file │<CtrlJ><CtrlQ>│ ║ ║Abort macro blank line │<CtrlJ><CtrlO>│ ║ ║Force screen update │<CtrlJ><CtrlU>│ ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Toggle insert mode │<CtrlV> │<Ins> ║ ║Force insert mode │ │ ║ ║Force overtype mode │ │ ║ ║Toggle autoindent mode │<CtrlQ><CtrlI>│ ║ ║Force autoindent mode │ │ ║ ║Toggle word wrap │<CtrlO><CtrlW>│ ║ ║Force wordwrap on │<CtrlQ><CtrlO>│ ║ ║Toggle right justify │<CtrlO><CtrlJ>│ ║ ║Toggle compress at wrap │ │ ║ ║Set left margin │<CtrlO><CtrlL>│ ║ ║Set right margin │<CtrlO><CtrlR>│ ║ ║Set temp margin │<CtrlO><CtrlG>│ ║ ║Temp margin to cursor │<CtrlO><CtrlH>│ ║ ║Margin release │<CtrlO><CtrlX>│ ║ ║Center line │<CtrlO><CtrlC>│ ║ ║Toggle case │<CtrlO><CtrlO>│ ║ ║Lower case │<CtrlO><CtrlV>│ ║ ║Upper case │<CtrlO><CtrlU>│ ║ ║Reformat paragraph │<CtrlB> │ ║ ║Reformat block │<CtrlK><CtrlF>│ ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Toggle tab line │<CtrlO><CtrlT>│ ║ ║Toggle marker display │<CtrlK><CtrlM>│ ║ ║Toggle key help │<CtrlJ><CtrlK>│ ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Invoke DOS shell │<CtrlF9> │ ║ ║Log drive/path │<CtrlJ><CtrlD>│ ║ ║Show system info │<CtrlJ><CtrlV>│ ║ ║Show available memory │<CtrlJ><CtrlR>│ ║ ║File directory │ │ ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ Page 16 Chapter 5. Quick Reference Guide ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Set undo limit │ │ ║ ║Set error buffer size │ │ ║ ║Set support path │ │ ║ ║Set default extension │ │ ║ ║Set colors │ │ ║ ║Toggle snow check │ │ ║ ║Toggle block cursor │ │ ║ ║Select video mode │ │ ║ ║Select DESQview video mode│ │ ║ ║Toggle enhanced keyboard │ │ ║ ║Toggle dual display │ │ ║ ║Toggle tab expansion │ │ ║ ║Toggle tab writing │ │ ║ ║Toggle hi-bit strip │ │ ║ ║Toggle initial zoom │ │ ║ ║Toggle EMS usage │ │ ║ ║Toggle XMS usage │ │ ║ ║Set swap drive │ │ ║ ║Save defaults │ │ ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Tab │<CtrlI> │ ║ ║Backward tab │<ShiftTab> │ ║ ║Toggle fixed tabs │<CtrlO><CtrlF>│ ║ ║Force fixed tabs │<CtrlJ><CtrlG>│ ║ ║Set tab size │ │ ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Help menu │<F1> │ ║ ║Show help summary │<CtrlJ><CtrlH>│ ║ ║Status help │ │ ║ ║Cursor help │ │ ║ ║Quick movement help │ │ ║ ║Delete help │ │ ║ ║Find/Replace help │ │ ║ ║File help │ │ ║ ║Window help │ │ ║ ║Block help │ │ ║ ║Text help │ │ ║ ║Tab help │ │ ║ ║Utility help │ │ ║ ║Setting help │ │ ║ ║Program help │ │ ║ ║Macro help │ │ ║ ║Function keys │ │ ║ ╙──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────╜ Chapter 5. Quick Reference Guide Page 17 ╓──────────────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────╖ ║Activate menus │<F10> │ ║ ║Abort command (1 char) │<CtrlU> │ ║ ║Undo last deletion │<CtrlQ><CtrlU>│ ║ ║Restore line │<CtrlQ><CtrlL>│ ║ ║Insert undo buffer │<CtrlQ><CtrlV>│ ║ ║Flush undo buffer │<CtrlQ><CtrlJ>│ ║ ╚══════════════════════════╧══════════════╧══════════════╝ Commands that do not have a primary or secondary key sequence can only be accessed through the menu. There are a few without key sequences which do not have a corresponding menu option and must be installed to a key sequence before they can be used. The above quick reference guide can be created using the installation program (UINST.EXE). After making any keyboard changes you need you will be asked if you wish a quick-reference guide. Answering Yes will result in a new quick reference with any changes you've made being created in the current directory. Page 18 Chapter 5. Quick Reference Guide Chapter Six Basic Movement Commands Character Left <Lft> or <CtrlS> Moves the cursor one character to the left. This command does not work across line breaks; when the cursor reaches column 1, it stops. Character Right <Rgt> or <CtrlD> Moves the cursor one character to the right. This command does not work across line breaks; when the cursor reaches the right-hand edge of the text window, the text starts scrolling horizontally until it reaches the extreme right edge of the line (column 999), where it stops. Word Left <CtrlLft> or <CtrlA> Moves the cursor to the beginning of the word to the left. This command works across line breaks. Word Right <CtrlRgt> or <CtrlF> Moves the cursor to the beginning of the word to the right. This command works across line breaks. Line Up <Up> or <CtrlE> Moves the cursor to the line above. If the cursor is on the top line of the window, the window scrolls down one line (if there's more text to scroll). Line Down <Dn> or <CtrlX> Moves the cursor to the line below. If the cursor is on the last line of the window, the window scrolls up one line (if there's more text to scroll). Scroll Up <CtrlW> Scrolls up toward the beginning of the file, one line at a time. The cursor remains on its line until it reaches the bottom of the window. Scroll Down <CtrlZ> Scrolls down toward the end of the file. The cursor remains on its line until it reaches the top of the window. Page Down <PgDn> or <CtrlC> Moves the cursor down one page with an overlap of one line. Page Up <PgUp> or <CtrlR> Moves the cursor on page up with an overlap of one line. Chapter 6. Quick Reference Guide Page 19 Beginning of File <CtrlPgUp> or <CtrlQ><CtrlR> Moves the cursor to the first character in the file. End of File <CtrlPgDn> or <CtrlQ><CtrlC> Move the cursor to the last character in the file. Beginning of Line <Home> or <CtrlQ><CtrlS> Moves the cursor to column 1 of the current line. End of Line <End> or <CtrlQ><CtrlD> Moves the cursor to the end of the current line (the position following the last nonblank character on the line). Trailing blanks are always removed from all line to preserve space. Top of Screen <CtrlHome> or <CtrlQ><CtrlE> Moves the cursor to the first line displayed in the active window. The cursor remains in the same column. Bottom of Screen <CtrlEnd> or <CtrlQ><CtrlX> Moves the cursor to the last line displayed in the active window. The cursor remains in the same column. Page 20 Chapter 6. Basic Movement Commands Chapter Seven Markers And Jumping Go to Line <CtrlJ><CtrlL> Prompts for a line number and moves the cursor to the specified line. Any positive integer in the range 1 to 32,767 is valid. If the value is preceded by a plus (+) or minus (-) sign, the target line number will be calculated relative to the current line. Line numbers are counted from the beginning of the file. Go to Column <CtrlJ><CtrlC> Prompts for a column number and moves the cursor to the specified column in the current line. Any positive integer in the range 1 to 999 is valid. If the value is preceded by a plus (+) or minus (-) sign, the target column number will be calculated relative to the current column. Go to Window <CtrlJ><CtrlW> If more than one window is open, a list of the open windows is displayed in a pop-up menu; after the selection is made, the cursor is moved to the indicated window. If only one window is open, an error message is displayed. Top of Block <CtrlQ><CtrlB> Moves the cursor to the position of the block-begin marker set with <CtrlK><CtrlB>. The command works even if the block is hidden or the block-end marker is not set. Bottom of Block <CtrlQ><CtrlK> Moves the cursor to the position of the block-end marker set with <CtrlK><CtrlK>. The command works even if the block is hidden or the block-begin marker is not set. Jump to Marker 0..9 <CtrlQ>0 .. <CtrlQ>9 Moves the cursor to one of the ten text markers with the Set marker command. <CtrlQ>0 jumps to marker 0, <CtrlQ>1 jumps to marker 1, and so on. If the specified marker has not been set, the cursor is not moved. Set Marker 0..9 <CtrlK>0 .. <CtrlK>9 Sets one of the ten text markers at the current position of the cursor. <CtrlK>0 sets marker 0, <CtrlK>1 sets marker 1, and so on. Previous Cursor Position <CtrlQ><CtrlP> Moves to the last cursor position. This command is particularly useful to move back to the previous position after a Find or Find-and-Replace operation. Chapter 7. Basic Movement Commands Page 21 Up To Equal Indent <CtrlJ><CtrlB> Moves the cursor to the beginning of the previous line with the same indentation level as the current line. For example, if the first nonblank character in the current line is at column 20, the cursor is moved up to the next line that also begins at column 20. Down To Equal Indent <CtrlJ><CtrlE> Moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line with the same indentation level as the current line. Next Sentence <CtrlQ><CtrlZ> Moves the cursor to the beginning of the next sentence. A sentence is defined as a sequence of characters delimited by a period, semicolon, question mark, exclamation mark, or blank line. Previous Sentence <CtrlQ><CrtlW> If the cursor is in the middle of a sentence, the cursor is moved to the beginning of the current sentence. If the cursor is at the beginning of a sentence or between sentences (on a blank line, for example) the cursor is moved to the beginning of the previous sentence. Set Marker Via Menu Performs same function as the Set Marker command, but you are prompted for a marker number. Jump To Marker By Menu Performs the same function as the Jump to Marker command, but you are prompted for a marker number. A pop-up window is displayed, showing the marker number, the file it is in, and the number of the line containing the marker. If a marker has not been set, "Not Set" is displayed instead. You may select a marker either by pressing its number or by moving the selection bar to it and pressing <Enter>. Page 22 Chapter 7. Markers And Jumping Chapter Eight Insert And Delete New Line <Enter> or <CtrlM> In Insert mode, this command inserts a line break at the cursor's position. If AutoIndent mode is in effect, the cursor moves to the next line and to the same column as the first nonblank character in the previous line; otherwise, it moves to column 1 of the new line. In Overwrite mode, this command moves the cursor to column 1 of the next line without inserting a new line, whether Autoindent mode is in effect or not. A new line will be inserted if you're in Overwrite mode and the cursor is on the last line of the file. Insert Line <CtrlN> Inserts a line break at the cursor's position. The cursor does not move. Insert Control Character <CtrlP> Allows control characters to be entered into the text. For example, pressing <CtrlP> and then <CtrlB> would insert <CtrlB> into the text. Control characters are always displayed as highlighted capital letters. Delete Current Character <Del> or <CtrlG> Deletes the character under the cursor and moves any characters to the right of the cursor one position to the left. This command does not work across line breaks. Delete Character Left <Backspace> or <CtrlH> Moves the cursor one character to the left and deletes the character positioned there. Any characters to the right of the cursor are moved one position to the left. If the cursor is at column 1 at the time the command is given, the invisible end- of-line marker for the previous line is deleted instead and the two lines joined. Delete Word Right <CtrlT> Deletes the word to the right of the cursor. This command works across line breaks and thus may be used to remove line breaks. Delete Word Left <CtrlBksp> Deletes the word to the left of the cursor. This command works across line breaks and thus may be used to remove line breaks. Chapter 8. Markers And Jumping Page 23 Delete to End of Line <CtrlQ><CtrlY> Deletes all the text from the position of the cursor to the end of the line. Delete Line <CtrlY> Deletes the line containing the cursor and moves any lines below up one line. The cursor moves to column 1 of the next line. Delete Line (no undo) <CtrlQ><CtrlT> Delete the line containing the cursor and moves any lines below up one line. The cursor moves to column one. The deleted line is NOT placed in the undo buffer. Page 24 Chapter 8. Insert And Delete Chapter Nine Find And Replace Find <CtrlQ><CtrlF> Lets you search for a string of up to 67 characters. When you enter this command, you will be asked for a search string. The last search string entered (if any) will be displayed. You can select it again by pressing <Enter>, edit it, or enter a new search string. <Esc> or <CtrlU> will cancel a search command, and <CtrlP> can be used to enter control characters. For example, to find a period at the end of a line you would search for ".<CtrlM>", where <CtrlM> was entered by pressing <CtrlP> and <CtrlM>. After the search string is entered, you must specify your search options. The options you used last are displayed. You can enter new options (canceling the old ones), edit the current options, or select them again by pressing <Enter>. The following options are available: B Searches backwards from the current cursor position toward the beginning of the file. G Searches globally. The entire file is scanned for the search string, regardless of the current position of the cursor. The search starts at the beginning of the file if searching forwards; at the end if searching backwards. L Limits searches to the currently marked block. n Finds the nth occurrence of the string (overridden by the L option). U Ignores case; treats all alphabetic characters as if they were upper-case. W Searches for whole words only; skips patterns embedded in other words. If the text contains a target matching the search string, the target is highlighted and the cursor is positioned just beyond it. Find-and-Replace <CtrlQ><CtrlA> This operation works the same as the Find command except that you can replace the found string with any other string of up to 67 characters. After the entering the search string, you are asked to enter the replacement string. The last replacement string entered, if any, will be displayed; you may accept it, edit it, or enter a new string. Chapter 9. Insert And Delete Page 25 Finally, you are prompted for options. The options you used last are displayed first. You may enter new options (canceling the old ones), edit the current options, or select them by pressing <Enter>. The options available are the same as those for the Find command except the exception of the following: N Replaces without asking; does not prompt for confirmation at each occurrence of the search string. If the text contains a target matching the search string, the target is highlighted and the cursor is positioned just beyond it. You are then asked if you wish to replace it. Press Y to replace it, N to ignore it, or A to replace it and all subsequent matches without asking. You can abort the operation by pressing Q. If you select N (no prompt) option, this question will not be asked. Search And Apply Macro <CtrlQ><CtrlM> Searches for any string up to 67 characters and then applies a macro to it; that is, it moves the cursor to your target, and executes the commands stored in the macro. You can enter search strings in the same way as the Find command. After the search string is entered, a menu is displayed containing all the macros you've defined. Move the selection bar with the <Up> and <Down> arrow keys and select your macro by pressing <Enter>. You can abort the operation by pressing <Esc>. Finally, you are prompted for options. The options you used last are displayed at first. You may enter new options (canceling the old ones), edit the current options, or select them by pressing <Enter>. The options available for the Find-and-Replace command are available here as well. The screen is not updated while a Search-and-Apply Macro operation is being performed (see Update Screen). You can use the Abort command (<CtrlU>) to stop the operation. Find Next <CtrlL> Repeats the last search operation. If the last search command called for a Find operation, the same search string and options will be repeated; for a Find-and-Replace operation, the replacement string will be reused as well. Page 26 Chapter 9. Find And Replace Chapter Ten File Commands Edit Another File <F3> If the file in the current window has not been modified, the window is cleared and you are prompted for a new file to edit in the same window. If the files does need saving, you will be asked if the file should be abandoned. Abandon All Files AltQ Closes all files and exits to DOS. You will be asked if you want to save any files that have been modified. You can abort this command by pressing <CtrlU> (Abort). Read File Into Window <CtrlK><CtrlR> Read a file into the text at the cursor's current position exactly as if it were copied from another part of the text. The file read in is marked as a block. Write Block to File <CtrlK><CtrlW> Writes the currently marked block to a file. You are first prompted for a file name. If the file already exists, you are asked if you want to overwrite it. If the file does not exist, a new file is created. The block is left unchanged, and the block markers remain in place. If no block is marked, this command is ignored. Save and Continue Edit <CtrlK><CtrlS> or <F2> Simply saves the file in the active window. Save File and Close Window <CtrlK><CtrlX> Saves the file in the active window. If the active window is the only window open, this command will quit to the menu, otherwise, the window is closed and you may continue editing in another window. Close All But Current Window <CtrlK><CtrlA> Closes all but the current window. Changes, if any, are saved. If any files are unnamed (NONAME) you will be prompted for the file name. Save/switch files <CtrlK><CtrlD> Save the file in the current window. The window then cleared and you are prompted for a new file to edit in the same window. Save All and Exit to DOS <AltX> Saves all files that have been modified and exits to DOS. Chapter 10. Find And Replace Page 27 Write to Named File <CtrlK><CtrlN> Prompts you for a file name, then saves the file in the current window in the specified file. This becomes the new name for the file in the window (and in any other windows that display the file). This command is particularly useful when editing NONAME files. Page 28 Chapter 10. File Commands Chapter Eleven Window Commands Add Window <CtrlO><CtrlA> or <ShiftF3> Opens another window. You will be prompted for a file to edit; if you do not specify one, a NONAME file is created. You can later save it as a named file with the Save-to-File command. If too many windows are opened (limit of six) or if the active window is too small to be divided in half (fewer than seven screen lines including the status line), you will get an error message. Close Window <CtrlK><CtrlQ> If the file in the active window has not been modified, this command closes the window. Otherwise, you are asked to verify that the file would be abandoned before the window is closed. If the active window is the only window open you are placed in the menu system. Next Window <CtrlO><CtrlN> or <F6> Makes the next window the active window. Previous Window <CtrlO><CtrlP> or <ShiftF6> Makes the previous window the active window. Resize Active Window <CtrlO><CtrlS> Changes the size of the active window. You can adjust the size by pressing the <Up> and <Dn> arrow keys. When you are finished, pressing <Enter> or <Esc> returns you to the editor. Toggle Zoom Mode <AltZ> If the current screen is in split window mode the current file is zoomed to fill the screen. If the screen is already zoomed it is switched back to split window mode. Zoom The Current Window If the screen is in split window mode the current file is zoomed to file the screen. If the screen is already in zoom mode this command does nothing. This command is intended for use in macros when you wish to place the screen in a known state. If you need it to be in split screen mode you should first force zoom mode then toggle the zoom mode. Chapter 11. File Commands Page 29 Page 30 Chapter 11. Window Commands Chapter Twelve Block Commands Begin Block <F7> or <CtrlK><CtrlB> Marks the beginning of a block. The marker itself is not visible on the screen, and the block becomes invisible only when the end-block marker is set. You can also use the begin-block as an extra text marker and jump directly to it with <CtrlQ>CtrlB>. End Block <F8> or <CtrlK><CtrlK> Marks the end of a block. Like the begin-block marker, the end-block marker is invisible, and the block itself will not be displayed unless both markers are set. You can also use the end-block marker as an extra text marker and jump directly to it with <CtrlQ><CtrlK>. Copy Block <CtrlK><CtrlC> Creates a copy of a marked and displayed block at the current cursor position. The original block is left unchanged, and the markers are placed around the new copy of the block. Move Block <CtrlK><CtrlV> Moves a marked and displayed block from its current position to the cursor's position. The markers remain around the block at its new position. Delete Block <CtrlK><CtrlY> Deletes a marked and displayed block. Although the Undo last deletion can usually restore portions of an accidentally deleted block, there is no command to restore a deleted block in its entirety, so use this command with care. Toggle Block Display <CtrlK><CtrlH> Toggles off and on the visual marking of a block. Mark Current Line <CtrlK><CtrlL> Marks the current line as a block, combining the functions of the begin-block and end-block commands. Mark Current Word <CtrlK><CtrlT> Marks a single word as a block, combining the functions of the begin-block and end-block commands. If the cursor is positioned within a word, that word will be marked. If it is not within a word, then the word to the right of the cursor will be marked, and if there is no word to the right of the cursor, then the word to the left will be marked. Chapter 12. Block Commands Page 31 Shift Block Left <ShiftF7> or <AltLft> Shifts the marked block one character to the left. If a block is not marked (or if the block is hidden) only the current line will be shifted. A single space at the beginning of each line in the block is deleted. If the first character in a line is not a space the line is left unaltered. Shift Block Right <ShiftF8> or <AltRgt> Shifts the marked block one character to the right. If a block is not marked (or if the block is hidden) only the current line will be shifted. A single space is inserted at the beginning of each line in the block. Page 32 Chapter 12. Block Commands Chapter Thirteen Macro Commands Toggle Macro Record <CtrlJ><CtrlT> Turns macro recording on or off. When macro recording is on, all subsequent keystrokes (up to the 255 keystroke limit) are saved until macro recording is turned off again. Once the macro is recorded, you are asked to select a macro slot to store it in. Playback Scrap <CtrlJ><CtrlI> Plays back the scrap macro (macro 0) a prompted number of times. The "scrap macro" is always the same as the last macro that was recorded, even if it was saved as a normal macro (1-9). Playback scrap 1..9 times <CtrlJ>1 ... <CtrlJ>9 Plays back the scrap macro 1 to 9 times. <CtrlJ> 1 plays it back once, <CtrlJ> 2 twice, and so on. Playback Macro 1..9 <Alt1> ... <Alt9> Plays back the specified macro one time. <Alt1> plays back macro 1, <Alt2> macro 2, and so on. Playback Prompts you for a choice, then plays back the macro you selected. Edit Macro Allows you to edit previously saved macros. Unity has a special editing module designed specifically for working with macros. Special keys (function keys, cursor keys, and so on) are represented by abbreviated forms of their names - for example, <Esc>, <CtrlN>, <Enter> - so that you won't have to run to your reference books to see what characters represent what keystrokes, and these symbols are highlighted. Regular keystrokes are shown as normal characters without highlighting. When you enter this command, you are asked to select a macro to edit (and optionally a name for the macro). Then you enter the macro editor itself. Several keys serve special purposes here: The cursor keys behave as usual, moving the cursor so you can select a particular keystroke to change; Backspace deletes a single keystroke, just as it does in the regular editor; <CtrlBksp> deletes an entire macro; <Esc> restores the macro to its previous state; and the <Enter> key takes you out of the macro editor. The <ScrollLock> key acts as a toggle, turning literal interpretations of keystrokes on and off. If you wanted to assign a macro with the <Enter> key or the Chapter 13. Block Commands Page 33 <Backspace> key, which normally serve a special function, you would first press <ScrollLock>. Pressing it again would restore all special keys to their previous state. Load Macros Allows you to load a file of previously saved macros. If the file you specify does not exist, an error message is displayed. Store Macros Save the current macros to the file you specify. Page 34 Chapter 13. Macro Commands Chapter Fourteen Macro Looping Commands Repeat Macro <CtrlJ><CtrlM> Repeats the currently running macro. Care must be taken to insure that one of the macro abort commands is used to avoid an infinitely repeating loop. If this should occur, pressing the abort key (normally <CtrlU>) will halt the macro. Each time the Repeat Macro command is executed an internal counter is incremented and the new counter value is displayed in the upper right corner of the the screen. While a macro is running the screen is not updated to improve performance. If you wish a to have visual feedback of your repeating macro you should insert the Update Screen command somewhere in your macro sequence. Abort Macro if Out of Block <CtrlJ><CtrlN> If the current line is not within the specified block the macro is aborted. A macro to shift all lines in the specified block two characters to the right is: <CtrlJ>n ; abort macro if out of block " " ; two spaces (the " are not entered) <Home> ; move to beginning of line <CtrlX> ; move down one line <CtrlJ>m ; repeat the macro Abort Macro If End Of File <CtrlJ><CtrlQ> If the cursor is on the FIRST or LAST line of the file the macro is aborted. Abort Macro if Blank Line <CtrlJ><CtrlO> If the current line is blank the macro is aborted. Update Screen <CtrlJ><CtrlU> Forces a complete update of the screen. This command is intended for use inside a macro. Normally, while a macro is executing the screen is not updated until completion so as to improve performance. If you wish visual feedback while running a long, repeating macro, place this command somewhere in your macro. Using this command will greatly slow execution of a macro, however. Chapter 14. Macro Commands Page 35 Page 36 Chapter 14. Macro Looping Commands Chapter Fifteen Format Commands Toggle Insert Mode <Ins> or <CtrlV> Selects the Insert or Overwrite mode. In insert mode, text to the right of the cursor is moved to the right as new text is entered. In Overwrite mode, any text beneath the cursor is overwritten when new text is entered. Notice that the cursor's size is an indication of the mode you are in: A thin cursor indicates Overwrite, while a slightly fatter cursor indicates Insert. Force Insert Mode This command forces insert mode. It is primarily intended to be used in macros when you need to force insert mode on. Force Overtype Mode This command forces overtype mode. It is primarily intended to be used in macros. Toggle Autoindent <CtrlQ><CtrlI> When Autoindent mode is in effect, the New line command (<Enter> or <CtrlM>) will move the cursor to the next row and to the same column as the first nonblank character on the previous line. Force Autoindent Mode Forces autoindent mode on. This command is primarily intended to be used in macros. Toggle Word Wrap CtrlO W Turns on or off the word wrap mode. When word wrap is on a new line will automatically be started when the right margin is reached. When word wrap is off a new line must be specifically entered. Force Word Wrap On Force word wrap mode on. This command is primarily intended to be used in macros. Toggle Right Justify <CtrlO><CtrlJ> If wordwrap is on, all wordwrap and reformatting operations fill out each line such that the last character in each line touches the right margin. Note: Turning right-justification on automatically turns on wordwrap. Chapter 15. Format Commands Page 37 Toggle Compress At Wrap When Unity wraps or reformats text that falls beyond the right margin, its usual first step is to compress excess blanks from the current line. This step is needed so that previously right-justified text can be reformatted with the padding spaces automatically removed. In some cases, however, the compression will remove desired spaces, such as those used for aligning columns of figures in a table. The compress wrap toggle is designed to control this behavior. When Compress Wrap is off, Unity will not remove spaces in a line when it starts to wrap it. Set Left Margin <CtrlO><CtrlL> Sets the left margin for text displayed on the screen. Set Right Margin <CtrlO><CtrlR> Sets the right margin for text displayed on the screen. Set Temporary Margin <CtrlO><CtrlG> Temporarily moves the left margin one tab stop to the right. The temporary margin remains in force until you leave the current paragraph. This command works only if wordwrap and fixed tabs are on; if they are off, an error message is displayed. When the tab line is on, the temporary margin is indicated by an arrow pointing to the right. Set Temporary Margin To Cursor <F4> or <CtrlO><CtrlH> Same as the Set Temporary Margin command except that the left margin is set to the current position of the cursor instead of the next tab stop. Margin Release <CtrlO><CtrlX> Allows you to type beyond the left or right margin when wordwrap is on. The margin release remains in effect until the cursor is moved to a new line. Center Line <CtrlO><CtrlC> Centers the current line within the left and right margins. This command works whether wordwrap is on or off. Toggle Case <CtrlO><CtrlO> Toggles the case case of the character above the cursor (upper-case letters are changed to their lower-case equivalents, and vice versa). If the cursor is within a marked (and displayed) block, the command affects all characters in the block. Lower Case <CtrlO><CtrlV> Same as Toggle case command except that it changes the character(s) to its lower-case equivalent. Upper Case <CtrlO><CtrlU> Same as toggle case command except that it changes the character(s) to its upper-case equivalent. Page 38 Chapter 15. Format Commands Reformat Paragraph <CtrlB> Rearranges words from the current line to the end of the paragraph so that the lines are as full as possible, given the constraints imposed by the left and right margins. if right- justification is on, the lines will also be evenly padded with spaces until the last character on the line touches the right margin. The end of a paragraph is signaled by a blank line. Reformat Block <CtrlK><CtrlF> Reformats all paragraphs within the currently marked block. Chapter 15. Format Commands Page 39 Page 40 Chapter 15. Format Commands Chapter Sixteen Miscellaneous Toggles Toggle Tab Line <CtrlO><CtrlT> Turns on and off displaying tab line for the current window. The tab line shows you the position of all tab stops, as well as the current left and right margins. Note: Turning on the tab line automatically turns on fixed tabs. Toggle Marker Display <CtrlK><CtrlM> Hides or makes all text markers visible. Setting a new text marker automatically turns on Marker display if it was previously turned off. Toggle Key Help <CtrlJ><CtrlK> By default, symbols for the primary command associated with particular menu choices are displayed on the prompt line as you scroll through the lists of choices. This feature is intended to help you learn the shortcut commands for menu items. Chapter 16. Miscellaneous Toggles Page 41 Page 42 Chapter 16. Miscellaneous Toggles Chapter Seventeen System Commands Invoke DOS Shell <CtrlF9> Gives you access to DOS services or to other program from inside Unity. At the prompt box, enter a DOS command just as you would at the DOS prompt; for example, typing "DEL *.BAK" would delete all files in the current directory with the extension "BAK". If you need to run several program you can invoke a DOS shell simply by pressing <Enter>. To return to Unity, type "EXIT" at the DOS command line - you will be right back where you started. Log Drive/Path <CtrlJ><CtrlD> Changes the active drive and directory. Show System Info <CtrlJ><CtrlV> Shows a variety of statistics about the file being edited in the current window, as well as certain system information: the full name of the file; whether it has been modified or not; the number of lines, bytes, and words in the file; the current time and date; the amount of memory remaining; the version of DOS being used; the amount of space remaining on the currently logged drive; and the current drive and directory. Because some of the file statistics (notably word count) can take a long time to computer, you may want to skip them by pressing any key while they are being updated. This tells Unity to stop what it is doing and jump ahead to the system information section. Show Available Memory <CtrlJ><CtrlR> Shows you the amount of random access memory (RAM) available. File Directory Shows you a directory listing. At the prompt box enter a file mask; for example: C:\DOCS\*.DOC shows you all the files in subdirectory DOCS on drive C that have the extension .DOC. If a drive or path is not specified, the default directory is assumed. Once a mask has been entered, all files matching the search criteria will be displayed in sorted order in a pop-up window. If the window is too small for all the file names, you can scroll the list using the cursor keys: <PgUp> and <PgDn> scroll the display one screenful, <Home> scrolls to the first file in the list, and <End> scrolls to the last file. Chapter 17. System Commands Page 43 Page 44 Chapter 17. System Commands Chapter Eighteen Default Options Set Undo Limit <CtrlJ><CtrlU> Sets the size of the "undo buffer" which stores deleted lines. The default value is 20 lines. This setting will be saved if you use the Save Options command. Set Error Buffer Size Sets the number of error messages that Unity can retain at once. The default setting is 20. The valid range is 10 to 100. Changes to this setting will not take affect until you save your operations, exit, and restart the editor. Set Support Path Tells Unity where its optional support files are located (macro and help files). Set Default Extension Sets the default extension for file names. This extension is automatically added to file names lacking extensions. For example, if you have set the default extension to .PAS and are about to load SAMPLE.PAS, you can simply enter SAMPLE when prompted for a file name. Set Colors Changes the colors used for text windows, status lines, pull- down menus, and so on. You will first be shown a list of the current color settings. Select the one you want to change by moving the selection bar with the arrow keys, then press <Enter>. The choices available to you are displayed, and the current setting is marked with a snowflake character. You can change the setting by moving the snowflake with the arrow keys; as it moves, the item to be changed will reflect the change in colors. When you find the color you want, press <Enter> to select it. To restore the original setting, press <Esc> instead. Toggle Snow Check Unity is designed to avoid the annoying screen interference known as snow on color graphics adapters. Enhanced Graphics Adapters (EGAs) and many of the newer color adapters do not have this problem. If you don't experience this problem either, then turn snow prevention off. This improves Unity's performance quite noticeably. This command is ignored if you are using a monochrome adapter. Chapter 18. Default Options Page 45 Toggle Block Cursor Hides the blinking cursor you normally see on the screen and replaces it with a nonblinking "block cursor." You can change the appearance of the block cursor with the Set Colors command. The blinking cursor is restored when you leave Unity. Select Video Mode Cycles through video modes as supported by the active video device driver. This command is ignored unless UNITY.VID was located and loaded by Unity. The video mode can be overridden at the command line with the /M options, for example: UNITY /m25x80 myfile.pas If the indicated video mode is not defined in the video device driver it will be ignored. Select DESQview Video Mode This command is identical to the Select Video Mode command except the chosen video mode is only used when Unity is running under DESQview. Since DESQview does not support most video modes this command is included so you may select a mode to be used when DESQview is detected. Toggle Enhanced Keyboard Enables or disables the use of enhanced keyboard function calls. Certain keystrokes, such as F11 and F12 are only available if this mode is turned on and an enhanced keyboard is present. Certain TSR programs, such as Turbo Lightning, will not work with this mode enabled. This setting has no affect if an enhanced keyboard is not installed. Toggle Dual Display Enables or disables the use of a secondary monitor for the output of the compiler displays instead of the use of a window on the primary screen. This function will have no effect if a secondary monitor is not detected. Warning! Do not enable this option if you have QEMM or a similar memory manager installed and don't have a second monitor. Memory which is mapped into the video segments will confuse Unity, resulting in a locked system. Toggle Tab Expansion When enabled, expands tab characters to spaces when reading in files created with other editors. The assumed size of the tabs is specified with the Set Tab Size command. Spaces may be converted back to tabs when the file is written (see Toggle Tab Writing in the next section). Page 46 Chapter 18. Default Options Toggle Tab Writing When enabled, Unity converts strings of blanks to tabs when a file is written to disk. This will save disk space, especially for indented programming languages such as Pascal, C, and assembler. Unity uses the current default tab spacing when it converts the blanks into tabs. Toggle Hi-bit Strip Strips "high-order bits" when reading in files created with certain editors, notably WordStar, which use the eighth (highest) bit in a byte to store information. To see whether you need to use this option, display the file using the DOS TYPE command. If the last letter in each word is garbled, you should select this option before reading the file for editing. Toggle Initial Zoom If set, new windows are automatically zoomed to fill the screen when they are opened. This setting does not affect the behavior of the current Zoom status. Toggle EMS usage When enabled, EMS will be used (if available) to reduce the memory overhead of Unity to less than 10k whenever an external program, such as a compiler or a DOS shell, is executed. Sufficient Expanded Memory must be available to Unity for it to reduce its memory. Toggle XMS Usage Similar to Toggle EMS Usage except it is for XMS, the eXtended Memory System standard. An XMS device driver and sufficient extended memory must be available for Unity to take advantage. If both EMS and XMS are enabled, Unity will first attempt to use XMS, if device driver is not installed or there is insufficient memory EMS will be used. If neither is available it may not be possible to reduce memory overhead enough to execute external programs. Set Swap Drive If you wish to enable swapping to disk you must specify the drive to use for swapping. Swapping to a physical disk is not recommended. If at all possible limit swapping to a RAM disk. Disk swapping is used as a last resort only if EMS or XMS is not available. Leaving the swap drive blank disables this option which is the default setting. Save Defaults Saves the current configuration settings as the defaults. All values that could be changed in the Options and Program/Options pull down menus will be saved. It is particularly important that you specify the drive and directory where Unity's support files are located unless you define the subdirectory where the support files are located with the environmental variable UNITY=. Chapter 18. Default Options Page 47 You will have the option of of the EXE file being modified with the new defaults or of saving them to a configuration file (UNITY.CFG). If you are running under a network you should always save to a configuration file. You might also wish to use a configuration file if you desire different settings for different subdirectories. If you wish to compress UNITY.EXE with one of the popular run-time compression programs such as LHEXE your only option is to save to a configuration file. Page 48 Chapter 18. Default Options Chapter Nineteen Tab Commands Tab Tab or <CtrlI> Moves the cursor to the next tab. In Insert Mode, any text to the right of the cursor is moved along with it; in Overwrite mode, only the cursor is moved. Backward Tab <Shift-Tab> If fixed tabs are in effect, this command moves the cursor to the previous tab stop. Unlike the Tab command, this command moves only the cursor. It never moves text, whether in Insert or Overwrite mode. If smart tabs are in effect, this command does nothing. Toggle Fixed Tabs <CtrlTab> When fixed tabs are in effect, the tab stops (normally) start at column 9 and occur every 8 columns thereafter. By default, smart tabs are on and fixed tabs are off. When smart tabs are in use, the tab stops are determined by the locations of the words on the previous line; the first character in each word represents a tab stop. To change the locations of the stops when using fixed tabs, use the Set Tab Size, Edit Tab Line, or Set Tab Line commands. Set Tab Size Sets the default tab size to be used when fixed tabs are on. This value is also used when expanding tab characters if the tab expansion option is on. See the discussion of the Toggle Tab Expansion command. Chapter 19. Default Options Page 49 Page 50 Chapter 19. Tab Commands Chapter Twenty Help Commands Help Menu <F1> General help is available both when you are in the menu system and when you are editing. By selecting U for Utility and H for help at the main menu, or by pressing <F1>, you can invoke a menu of topics on which help is available. Move the selection bar to the desired topic and press <Enter> to get information on it. Show Help Summary <CtrlJ><CtrlH> Displays a brief description of the help system and how it works. Status Help Provides help on the Help system itself and on the status commands (Show System Info and Show Available Memory). Cursor Help Provides help on the basic cursor commands. Quick Movement Help Provides help on the Quick cursor movement commands. Delete Help Provides help on the text insertion and deletion commands. Find/Replace Help Provides help on the Find, Find-and-Replace, and Search-and- Apply-Macro commands. File Help Provides help on the file commands. Window Help Provides help on the window commands. Block Help Proves help on the block commands. Text Help Provides help on the text formatting commands. Tab Help Provides help on tab commands. Chapter 20. Help Commands Page 51 Utility Help Provides help on the commands that give access to system-level functions. Settings Help Provides help on commands that change default settings or that toggle particular options on and off. Program Help Provides help on the compiler support commands. Macro Help Provides help on using the macro commands. Function Key Help Provides a quick reference list, showing all the commands assigned to function keys. Page 52 Chapter 20. Help Commands Chapter Twenty-One Programming Commands Project <F9> If the primary file has the extension .PJU it will process the project files and execute compiler commands as necessary. See the PROJECT chapter for additional details. If the primary file does not have the extension .PJU then this command command will simply process the primary file, selecting the necessary tool by checking the file extension. If the default extension of a file has not been bound to a compiler or assembler (using the installation program) the first compiler (TPC.EXE by default) will be used. Run Tool Unity supports up to ten compilers, assemblers or programming tools. Several have been preinstalled. You may change or modify these settings with the installation program. When a tool is installed an entry for it is automatically added to the drop down menu. For convenience you may wish to configure a key to invoke an often used tool. Some of the programs that have been installed are: Tool 1 <AltC>: Menu name: Compile Program name: TPC.EXE Primary extension: PAS Alternate extension: Options: /Q/M/V %1 Compiler: Yes Run project: No Pause? No Prompt? No Run filter: On error Filter: FERROR.EXE Filter options: %1 Chapter 21. Help Commands Page 53 Tool #2 <AltA>: Menu name: Assemble Program name: TASM.EXE Primary extension: ASM Alternate extension: Options: /T/M5 %1 Compiler? Yes Run project? No Pause? No Prompt? No Run filter? Always Filter: FERROR.EXE Filter options: %1 Tool #3 <AltD>: Menu name: Debugger Program name: TD.EXE Primary extension: Alternate extension: Options: %B%N Compiler? No Run project? Ask Pause? No Prompt? Yes Run filter? Never Filter: Filter options: Since Turbo Debugger is not a compiler, several of the fields are unused. These are: Run Filter, Filter, and Filter Options. The installation program will not allow you to set any of these values when "Compiler?" is NO and will force default values into these fields. Tool #4 <AltP>: Menu name: pRofiler Program name: TPROF.EXE Primary extension: Alternate extension: Options: %B%N Compiler? No Run project? Ask Pause? No Prompt? Yes Run filter? Never Filter: Filter options: The first capital letter is used for the menu hotkey, in this case 'R'. This is to avoid conflict with the Project command. Page 54 Chapter 21. Programming Commands If you have MASM 5.x instead of TASM you should change the Tool 2 settings to: Menu name: Assemble Program name: MASM.EXE Primary extension: ASM Alternate extension: Options: /T %1; Compiler? Yes Run project? No Pause? No Prompt? No Run filter? Always Filter: FERROR.EXE Filter options: %1 Note the %1 under OPTIONS. This is to indicate to Unity where to place the name of the file. You could also place multiple %1 codes in the options line such as '/T %1 %1 ;'. The pseudo-variables that are supported are: %1 The full path, filename, and extension of the file, e.g. "C:\SOURCE\MYPROG.PAS*". When used in "Filters Options" it is replaced by the filename of the file containing the error messages (ERR.$$$ by default). %2 Only used for "Filter Options". It is replaced by the filename of the source code file that was compiled/assembled. When a compile is executed from a project file command line options are also passed along, to separate the filename from the command line options it is assumed that the filename is the last item on the command line (separated by spaces). This may not be correct in all cases. I am currently researching alternatives to this system. %B The pathname of the current file with a backslash if required, e.g. "C:\STUFF\" %D The filename (no path or extension) of the primary file. If a primary file has not been specified the filename of the current file will be used. %E Just the extension of the current filename without the preceding period, e.g. "PAS" %F The name and extension of the file, without the path, e.g. "MYPROG.PAS" %N Only the name of the current file, e.g. "MYPROG" %P The path of the current file, e.g. "C:\SOURCE" %% Indicates to place a single % character in that position. When a program is compiled or assembled all files loaded into the editor that have been modified will be saved. When the compiler or assembler is run the standard output is redirected into a file. Chapter 21. Programming Commands Page 55 After completion of the compile/assemble, the filter program is execute (if required) to convert the output of the compiler/assembler to the format Unity understands. If any errors were detected the first error message is displayed in a window and the cursor is moved to the the offending line. The offending file will "ZOOMED" to fill the screen. A program installed as a tool doesn't necessarily need to be a compiler type tool to be treated as one. Included in the auto-installation database is a GREP. While this is certainly not a compiler it is configured as one to provide a useful function to the environment. When GREP is executed (you are prompted for a command line) the redirected output is filtered by GFILT.EXE so that you can use the error-detection and line- jumping feature of Unity to move to files and lines containing the desired text. This provides a text search facility that can do regular expression searches across multiple files. Thus if you are making a change that can affect many different files in your program the search for the text to change is simplified. Execute Alt-E Forces the extension EXE or COM onto the primary file name or the current file name (if no primary file) and executes it. If the file has been modified since the last save or compile or if the last compile was unsuccessful, you will be asked if you wish to recompile (Project) before running the program. You are given a chance to change the command line options passed to this program. Build all Causes all files listed in a project file to be treated as out of date. This results in all commands listed to be executed, except for commands skipped due to conditional project commands (see #IFDEF and #IFNDEF). Symbols Allows you to define symbols and string macros to be used in the processing of a project file without having to modify the project file. Multiple symbols may be defined by separating them by spaces. See the project file chapter for additional information and examples. See also #VAR on page 63. Page 56 Chapter 21. Programming Commands Chapter Twenty-Two Programming Options Set Tool Options Sets the command line options for the programming tool. The changes remain in effect until you quit the editor. If you wish to make permanent changes to the tool options you may do so with installation program or by using the Save Options command. Set Autosave Timer You can have the editor automatically save your work at intervals by setting this timer to the number of minutes between saves you you wish. If the timer is set to zero (0) it is disabled. The timer does not start until a change has been made in one of the files loaded into the editor. Once the timer has come due, the files will not be saved until there is at least 30 seconds of keyboard inactivity to avoid interferring with your editing. Set Primary File <AltF> Sets the name of the primary file to use when compiling, assembling, or running a tool. Make Current File Primary <AltH> Makes the active file the primary file. Using this command, a simple macro can be created to automatically update a program from the command line, returning to the command line upon successful completion or positioning properly in the editor if an error is encountered: <AltH><F9><AltQ> This short macro is simple: make the current file the primary file, run the project utility, and exit. Since macros are always canceled if an error occurs, the <AltQ> command will be skipped if a compiler error occurs. To invoke this macro from the command line indicate the project file name (or main source file name) and use the /# command, where # is the macro number, e.g.: UNITY /7 DATABASE.PJU Next Error File <CtrlF5> Moves to the next file containing errors from the last compile or assemble. Chapter 22. Programming Commands Page 57 Next Error <F5> Move to the next line containing an error. If no more errors are found in the current file a check will be made for errors in other files already in memory. Files with errors that are not already active in Unity will NOT be checked. See also Next Error File. Previous Error <F4> Move to the previous line containing an error. If no more errors are found in the current file a check will be made for errors in other files already in memory. Files with errors that are not already active in Unity will NOT be checked. See also Next Error File. Page 58 Chapter 22. Programming Options Chapter Twenty-Three Miscellaneous Commands Activate Menus <F10> Activates Unity's menu system. Abort <CtrlU> Halts an operation in progress. The keyboard buffer is checked regularly to see if the Abort command has been issued; if it has, the buffer is emptied, macro execution or recording is turned off, and the operation is stopped. This command must not be assigned to a multiple byte key sequence for it to work properly. Undo Last Deletion <CtrlQ><CtrlU> Restores whole lines deleted with the delete-line command (CtrlY) or the delete-block command (<CtrlK> Y). It does not restore single characters or words. To undo your most recent changes to the current line, use the restore-line command (CtrlQ L). The size of the "undo buffer" is specified with the set-undo-limit command. Restore Line <CtrlQ><CtrlL> Will undo any changes made to a line of text as long as you have not left the line. The line is restored to its previous contents regardless of the changes made. Chapter 23. Programming Options Page 59 Page 60 Chapter 23. Miscellaneous Commands Chapter Twenty-Four Project Probably the most powerful feature of this editor is its built in project (known as MAKE in some circles) capability. To use the project feature you must create a dependency file with the extension PJU. This is a text file (you can create it with Unity) with a very simple format: Target1 [target2 : ] dependency list ... command1 [command2] . . . The first filename listed on a line is the file you wish to see if it is up to date. If you wish to list two target files you must place a color ':' after the second file name (the color must have a space character on both sides). The colon is optional if there is only one target file. Unity allows two target file names to support compilers that produce two target files with a single compiler execution. For example, Oberon-M produces an OBJ and REF file for each module. Ada and Modula 2 are additional examples of compilers that usually produce two target files. Any file names that follow the target file name(s) (all filenames are separated by spaces, commas, tabs, or the '+' character) are files that the target file(s) depend upon. For example, if you have a unit (or module) called TEST.TPU from the source file TEST.PAS that uses SCREEN.TPU and STUFF.INC you would list it as: TEST.TPU TEST.PAS SCREEN.TPU STUFF.INC OTHER.TPU,EXAMPLE.PAS The dates of the first file is compared to all the files that follow. If it is older than at least one of the listed files or if it does not exist it is out of date and must be processed. If your dependency list is large you can break it across multiple lines by placing the "+" character at the end of a list you wish continued on the next line: TEST.TPU : TEST.PAS SCREEN.TPU + STUFF.INC Chapter 24. Project Page 61 This is functionally equivelent to the previous example. The "+" character MUST be preceded by at least one space or it will be confused as a filename separator. Comment lines may NOT be placed between dependency list lines. The following is illegal: TEST.TPU TEST.PAS SCREEN.TPU + # More stuff STUFF.INC The command(s) used to process must be on the lines IMMEDIATELY following the dependency line (you can place the comment character '#' between them if you wish more white-space). You specify the command to execute with its MENU name followed by the command line you wish to pass to the program, which should normally include the source code file name or a response filename, e.g.: COMPILE /M TEST.PAS You may specify as many command lines as you wish, delimiting the end of the list with a blank line: ASSEMBLE TEST.ASM COMPILE /M TEST.PAS Comment lines (lines beginning with "# " will not terminate the command list so you can properly document your project files with comments in the proper locations. A complete dependency list and command might look like this: TEST.TPU TEST.PAS COMPILE /V TEST.PAS The syntax for a two target file dependency is almost identical: TEST.OBJ TEST.REF : TEST.MOD OBERON TEST.MOD DEF The options that you installed for the compiler (with UINST) will be ignored. You must specify any command line options that are needed to properly compile or assembler the file. If the file is up to date, the processing of all lines will be skipped up to the first blank line. All leading and trailing spaces are stripped from lines before processing. If the menu name you have chosen for one of your tools contains any imbedded spaces you must use an underscore character instead, e.g. Turbo_Pascal. For an example of project files see SIMPLE.PJU and COMPLEX.PJU. Page 62 Chapter 24. Project 24.1 Project File Commands There are several special commands that are allowed in the project file all of these begin with the '#' character (which must be the first nonspace character on the line): # This character followed by at least one space denotes a comment. The line will be ignored. #EXECUTE Executes the compiler command without checking for dependencies. This is useful if you always want a command executed. Follow the directive with the menu name and options you wish: #EXECUTE COMPILE /V MAIN.PAS #SHELL Executes a program that is not installed as a tool in Unity. If the #SHELL command is not part of a dependency command list it will be executed automatically each time you process the project file. If an error occurs there will be no line number detection, although processing of the project file will halt: #WINDOW Same as the #SHELL command, except the execution will occur within the a window (or on the secondary screen). The executed program must send its output to the Standard Output Device or the Standard Error Device or use standard BIOS functions for the display to be properly contained within the execution window. If the program writes directly to screen memory it may bleed into the editor screen, though Unity will update the screen upon completion of the execution. Programs that write directly to the screen can be run safely if a second monitor is installed and the Dual Display mode is enabled. #VAR Defines a variable for use in string expansion. This allows you to define a string at the start of a project file and have it automatically inserted in the proper locations. The variable name is limited to 8 characters and the string used for expansion is limited to 67 characters. A string is limited to 255 characters after macro expansion. If a dependency list line might exceed this limit you should break up the list using the "+" character (see example on page 61). Often used macros can be defined in the DOS environment. For example, at the DOS prompt enter: SET $(asm)=assembler /m %%B%%N Chapter 24. Project Page 63 Note that two '%' characters must be entered where you wish a single '%'. This is to prevent the character from being stripped out by the DOS command interpreter. The environment is checked after the internal macro table so they can be overridden by the project file or from the Program/Options menu. You can also define a string macro from the Program/Symbols menu choice. Simply enter the definition without the #VAR statement, e.g. BASE=MYFILE. You should never use an equal character (=) in a symbol as that is how macro definitions are detected. Examples of #VAR statements. To define the path for assembler files: #VAR lib=c:\lib\ Then to use the string macro: $(lib)VIDEO.OBJ $(lib)video.asm assemble /m $(lib)video $(lib)video The previous two lines would be expanded to: C:\LIB\VIDEO.OBJ c:\lib\video.asm assemble /m c:\lib\video c:\lib\video This feature makes it easy to pass a project file to someone else and be able to use it with only a minor modification should their system configuration be different from yours. If you forget to assign a value to a $(name) variable it will not be expanded, and the project file processing will halt with an error. If you wish to assign an empty string to a variable simply leave off the portion after the '=' character: #VAR lib= String expansion occurs before any other processing of the stirng, so you can even use it with internal project file commands or to change the way commands work: #VAR asm=assemble /m/dshareware $(asm) video This would be expanded to: Page 64 Chapter 24. Project assemble /m/dshareware video Avoid creating macros that cause an infinite loop which will lock up the system, requiring a reboot: #VAR obj=$(lib) #VAR lib=$(obj) The command line variable options used when defining the command line with UINST may also be used. These are indentical in definition as described on page 55, with one addition (see below), except %1 refers to the first target file name and %2 refers to the second (if defined). All subsets, such as %N, refer to the first target filename. This dependency will produce the following variables: C:\PASCAL\MODULE.OBJ c:\pascal\module.asm %N = MODULE %1 = C:\PASCAL\MODULE.OBJ %B = C:\PASCAL\ You can nest variable definitions: #VAR asm=assemble %B%N %1 #VAR lib=c:\obj\ $(lib)STUFF.OBJ %B%N.asm $(asm) This is fully expanded to: C:\OBJ\STUFF.OBJ c:\obj\stuff.asm assemble c:\obj\stuff c:\obj\stuff.obj There is an additional variable available only in project dependency files: %L This is replaced by the entire dependency list (target file(s) not included. This variable is particularly useful when linking programs: STUFF.EXE : stuff.obj parse.obj file.obj link %L, %1; The link command is expanded to: link stuff.obj parse.obj file.obj, stuff.exe; Chapter 24. Project Page 65 One note of caution. Internally, the dependency list can not exceed 127 characters. While parsing the project file each group of dependencies will be stored as a single string even if they are broken up with the '+' directive. If the line exceeds 127 characters part of the list will be lost, possibly resulting in an incomplete link or some other error. Note that DOS is also limited to 127 characters for the command line and other data on a final command line could bring the string length past this limit. #DEFINE Defines a symbol that is used with the conditional project commands #IFDEF and #IFNDEF. If no symbols are specified then all symbols will be undefined. There is a limit of 10 symbols of up to 10 characters each. Case is ignored. #UNDEFINE Undefines the symbol(s) specified. #IFDEF If the symbol(s) is defined the commands up to the #ELSE or #ENDIF are executed. If the symbol(s) is not defined it will skip to the #ELSE or #ENDIF statement before continuing to process commands. Nested #IF commands are not allowed. #IFNDEF If the symbol is not defined the commands up to the #ELSE or #ENDIF are executed. If the symbol is defined it will skip to the #ELSE or #ENDIF statement before continuing to process commands. Nested #IF commands are not allowed. #ELSE Used in conjunction with the #IFDEF and #IFNDEF commands. This command is optional. #ELSEIF Ends a set of commands grouped by the #IFDEF or #IFNDEF command and begins a new #IFDEF command. You must follow this command by at least one symbol name. See also #IFDEF. #ENDIF Signifies the end of a conditional project block. #NOWARN A search for error messages will only be made if an explicit nonzero return code was detected. This enables you to pass files that may have acceptable warning messages even though the compiler/assembler is configured to always scan for error messages. Use special care with this command to avoid undetected error messages. #WARN Cancels the #NOWARN directive. Normal error processing will be done. #BUILDON Causes all subsequent files to be treated as if they were out of date. Page 66 Chapter 24. Project #BUILDOFF Returns to the default mode of testing file dates to decide if a recompile is in order. # Turn off warning messages #NOWARN LOWSTUFF.OBJ lowstuff.asm assemble lowstuff.asm # Turn warning messages back on. Note the blank line after # the assemble command. This is to prevent skipping of the # #WARN directive if the file is up to date. #WARN #IFDEF demo DEMO.TPU demo.pas compile demo.pas #ENDIF # The following file is dependent upon the previous modules # created in this project file as well as a new source file. MYPROG.EXE myprog.pas demo.tpu lowstuff.obj #IFDEF demo compile /ddemo myprog.pas #ELSE compile myprog.pas #ENDIF 24.2 Inference Rules Also supported are inference rules. Inference rules automate a list of commands for a given pair of extensions in the project file if a command list is not found immediately after the dependency list. The syntax is : .targetextension.sourceextension command1 [command2] . . . For example: .OBJ.ASM assemble /m %B%N, %1 Chapter 24. Project Page 67 test1.obj : test1.asm stuff.inc test2.obj : test2.asm stuff.inc assemble /zd test2 This example will execute the single command "compile /m test1.asm, test1.obj" (after macro expansion) if test1.obj is found to be out of date. The pseudo-variable %B%N and %1 were used in the inference rule so that the filename of the active file would be used. For the second dependency, test2.obj, the inference rule will not be used since it includes an explicite command. The command list for an inference rule must be terminated with a blank line. Multiple commands are allowed in an inference rule. There is a limit of 10 inference rules in a project file. Page 68 Chapter 24. Project Appendix A Creating Custom Error Filters To make Unity as versatile as possible an external program is required to parse the screen output (which is redirected to a file) of each compiler. FERROR.EXE is included with Unity which scans for errors in the output of Turbo Pascal, Turbo Assembler, Turbo C++, Microsoft MASM 5.1, and QuickByte Pascal (the type is automatically detected) as well as most other Microsoft compilers. A86ERROR.EXE is also supplied which filters the error messages for the A86 assembler. Alternately, you can use an AWK program and corresponding AWK script to scan for errors. Unity was tested with AWK 3.00, written by Rob Duff. This program is readily available from a your local computer BBS. Besides being a full implementation of AWK, it is a completely free program! Commercial AWK programs should work with the included AWK program files but none have been tested. The error filter can be a compiled program or an AWK script. The advantage of a compiled program over an AWK script processor is simple . . . speed. AWK script processing tends to be a bit on the sluggish side. Because, however, AWK is such a versatile programming "language" it is fully supported in Unity. Four awk files are supplied, TPC.AWK which is used to find errors in Turbo Pascal programs; TASM.AWK which locates errors in Turbo Assembler programs; MASM.AWK which is designed for Microsoft's Macro Assembler version 5.x; and REALCOB.AWK for use with Realia Cobol. You can customize Unity for a different compiler or assembler by creating your own filter program or AWK script . Unity expects the output of the program to be sent to the Standard Output Device (the screen) and to be in the following format: FileName, LineNumber, ColumnNumber, ErrorMessage FileName is the name of the file the error occurred in. If it is unknown leave it blank but don't forget the comma. LineNumber is the line that the error occurred on. If it is unknown output a 0 or 1. ColumnNumber is the column where the error occurred. Again, if it is unknown use 0 or 1. ErrorMessage is the error message that the compiler or assembler output. If it is unknown pass something like "Unknown error". Appendix A. Creating Custom Error Filters Page 69 Examples: THISPROG.PAS, 23, 45, Error 36: BEGIN expected. MYSTUFF.ASM, 5, 0, **Error** Undefined symbol: Du MYSTUFF.ASM, 11, 0, *Warning* Extra characters on line. MYSTUFF.ASM, 28, 0, **Fatal** Unexpected end of file encountered. Since Turbo Assembler does not detect the column number the last three examples return 0. Unity will jump to the the line and column in the file indicated by the first error record it finds. If line number is unknown the cursor will be placed on the first line. If the column is unknown the cursor will be placed at the start of the line. The source code for FERROR.EXE is provided. It is written in Turbo Pascal 5.5 and requires no additional units other than the DOS unit which is provided with TP. If you find you must create your own error filter you may wish to use FERROR as an example or to modify it if your compiler is similar to one already supported. The programs currently supported by FERROR are: Turbo Pascal 5.x Turbo Assembler Turbo C++ (may not be complete) Turbo Linker QuikByte Pascal & Linker Microsoft Masm 5.x There is nothing requiring you to use a single program for all your error filtering. The installation program (UINST) allows you to specify a different error filter for each separate compiler/assembler. Also included is GFILT.EXE. This is a filter program for use with the GREP program included with many Borland languages. Although GREP is not a compiler it is being treated as one by Unity. When GREP is executed from within the editor you are prompted to complete the command line. You must enter the text to search for and the filename (or wildcard) to search. After the search GFILT converts the output of GREP into the error message format. Since Unity will treat the results the same as error messages you will be conveniently switched to the first file containing the found text and positioned at the beginning of the proper line. You can then use the Find Next Error (F5) or Find Previous Error (F4) keys to jump from location to location. If you use a different GREP program you may need to modify the installation of GREP (specifically, the command line options) and possibly create your own filter program. Page 70 Appendix A. Creating Custom Error Filters Currently being written, but not yet complete, are error filters for Zortec C++, Clipper, and Oberon-M. The Turbo C++ error filtering is also being improved. If you wish to create your own tool for use with Unity you should have it output error messages and information in the same format the filters convert to. Select NEVER for the "Run Error Filter" option as well. This will greatly improve performance since the filtering step can be skipped entirely. Appendix A. Creating Custom Error Filters Page 71 Page 72 Appendix A. Creating Custom Error Filters Appendix B Customizing The Help File Once you have decided which tools you will install into the editor you will probably want to customize the help text for each tool. The file UNITY.TXT is the raw text file you must modify. When you make any changes with UINST the text file is automatically "compiled" to UNITY.HLP. There are a number of special commands available for use in the help file. These are: ^A Start highlight text. ^B Start alternate highlighting. ^C End highlighting. ^Fnn^F Insert menu name for tool number nn. ^Pnn Insert primary key string for command nn. ^S Insert secondary key string for command nn. @nn Start help for topic nn - must be in first column. & Center the text - must be in first column. The text that follows will be highlighted and centered. ) Force new line - must be in first column. ] Force page break - must be in first column. To insert any of the control characters with Unity press ^P followed by the control character. Examples: Here is some text with ^Ahighlighting^C )This line will not be merged with the previous line. But his line will be merged with the previous line. ] This line will be on a new page. This line contains the name of tool #1: ^F1^F Here's the primary keystring for command 1: ^P1 The secondary keystring for command 1: ^S1 &^AThis is highlighted and centered^C Studying UNITY.TXT will help you understand how the formatting characters work. Appendix B. Customizing The Help File Page 73 Page 74 Appendix B. Customizing The Help File Appendix C Running Under DESQview Unity was designed to be well behaved under DESQview. Although direct screen writing is used for fast screen updates, a request is made to DESQview for an alternate video buffer. Unity also makes it a point not to hog system resources. Thus programs running in the background will be given control between every keystroke. Since the computer runs much faster than anyone can type you will never notice this interruption. When you install Unity into DESQview it's best to give it as much convetional memory as possible and at least 384k of EMS or XMS. If you suffer an "Insufficient Memory" error when executing an external program such as a compiler you will need to increase the EMS/XMS allocation or enable disk swapping. DESQview does not handle nonstandard video modes very well. Therefore it is recommended that you limit yourself to the 25x80 video mode. If you use one of the other modes and activate DESQview, Unity's screen will be blanked. When you return to Unity you can recover the screen by pressing any key such as one of the arrow keys. This will cause Unity to completely update the screen unless the menu was active when you activated DESQview, in which case the screen will not be redrawn completely until you exit the menu (keep pressing ESC). Appendix C. Running Under DESQview Page 75 Page 76 Appendix C. Running Under DESQview Appendix D Acknowledgments I wish to thank Ken Doebler for allowing me to use his board, The Software Resource at Fido node 1:102/330, as a beta test center. The latest version of this program can always be found on his board at (213)214-2018, 2400 baud. You can also find Unity on W.L.A. B.B.S at (213)838-9229 at HST speeds, though access to this board may be limited. Much appreciation to the beta testers who provided assistance to in the creation of this program: Basil Groman Michelangelo Jones Cliff Klinert Ken Leon David McClure Alex Pistyur II Todd Savoie William Chris Serrano Legal Stuff Portions Copyright Borland International, Inc. Portions Copyright TurboPower Software Products mentioned are copyright, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Appendix D. Acknowledgments Page 77 Page 78 Appendix D. Acknowledgments Index # 63 Bottom of Block 21 + 61 Bottom of Screen 20 %% 55 Build all 56 %1 55, 65 %2 55 C $() 63 Center Line 38 %B 55, 65 Character Left 19 #BUILDOFF 66, 67 Character Right 19 #BUILDON 66 Close All But Current Window %D 55 27 #DEFINE 66 Close Window 29 %E 55 Control Character 23 #ELSE 66 Copy Block 31 #ELSEIF 66 Cursor Help 51 #ENDIF 66 #EXECUTE 63 D %F 55 Default Options 44 #IFDEF 66 Delete Block 31 #IFNDEF 66 Delete Character Left 23 %L 65 Delete Current Character 23 %N 55, 65 Delete Help 51 #NOWARN 66 Delete Line 24 %P 55 Delete Line (no undo) 24 #SHELL 63 Delete to End of Line 24 #UNDEFINE 66 Delete Word Left 23 #VAR 63 Delete Word Right 23 #WARN 66 Down To Equal Indent 22 #WINDOW 63 E A Edit Another File 27 Abandon All Files 27 Edit file 29 Abort 59 Edit Macro 33 Abort Macro if Blank Line 35 End Block 31 Abort Macro If End Of File 35 End of File 20 Abort Macro if Out of Block 35 End of Line 20 Activate Menus 59 Execute 56 Add Window 29 Expanded memory 7, 47 Autoindent 37 Extended memory 7, 47 Automatic macro execution 9 Extension 45 B F Backward Tab 49 FERROR.EXE 69 Basic Movement Commands 19 File Commands 27 Begin Block 31 File Directory 43 Beginning of File 20 File Help 51 Beginning of Line 20 Find 25 Block Commands 30 Find And Replace 25 Block Help 51 Find-and-Replace 25 Index Page 79 Find Next 26 Next Error 58 Find/Replace Help 51 Next Error File 57 Force Autoindent Mode 37 Next Sentence 22 Force Insert Mode 37 Next Window 29 Force Overtype Mode 37 Force Word Wrap On 37 O Format Commands 36 Overview 7 Function Key Help 52 Overwrite 37 G P Getting Started 8 Page Down 19 Go to Column 21 Page Up 19 Go to Line 21 Playback 33 Go to Window 21 Playback Macro 1..9 33 Playback Scrap 33 H Playback scrap 1..9 times 33 Help Commands 50 Previous Cursor Position 21 Help Menu 51 Previous Error 58 Previous Sentence 22 I Previous Window 29 inference rules 67 Primary File 57 Insert 37 Program Help 52 Insert And Delete 23 Programming Commands 53 Insert Control Character 23 Programming Options 57 Insert Line 23 Project 53, 60 Invoke DOS Shell 43 Q J Quick Movement Help 51 Jump to Marker 0..9 21 Quick Reference Guide 12 Jump To Marker By Menu 22 Quit 29 L R License Agreement 3 Read File Into Window 27 Line Down 19 Reformat Block 39 Line Up 19 Reformat Paragraph 39 Load Macros 34 Registration and License Log Drive/Path 43 Information 2 Lower Case 38 Registration Information 3 Repeat Macro 35 M Resize Active Window 29 Macro Commands 33 Restore Line 59 Macro Help 52 Run Tool 53 Macro Looping Commands 35 Make Current File Primary 57 S Margin Release 38 Save All and Exit to DOS 27 Mark Current Line 31 Save and Continue Edit 27 Mark Current Word 31 Save Defaults 47 Markers And Jumping 21 Save File and Close Window 27 Miscellaneous Commands 59 Save/switch files 27 Miscellaneous Toggles 40 Scroll Down 19 Move Block 31 Scroll Up 19 Search And Apply Macro 26 N Select DESQview Video Mode 46 New Line 23 Select Video Mode 46 Page 80 Index Set Autosave Timer 57 Toggle Enhanced Keyboard 46 Set Colors 45 Toggle Fixed Tabs 49 Set Default Extension 45 Toggle Hi-bit Strip 47 Set Error Buffer Size 45 Toggle Initial Zoom 47 Set Left Margin 38 Toggle Insert Mode 37 Set Marker 0..9 21 Toggle Key Help 41 Set Marker Via Menu 22 Toggle Macro Record 33 Set Primary File 57 Toggle Marker Display 41 Set Right Margin 38 Toggle Right Justify 37 Set Support Path 45 Toggle Snow Check 45 Set Swap Drive 47 Toggle Tab Expansion 46 Set Tab Size 49 Toggle Tab Line 41 Set Temporary Margin 38 Toggle Tab Writing 47 Set Temporary Margin To Cursor Toggle Word Wrap 37 38 Toggle XMS Usage 47 Set Tool Options 57 Toggle Zoom Mode 29 Set Undo Limit 45 Top of Block 21 Settings Help 52 Top of Screen 20 Shift Block Left 32 Shift Block Right 32 U Show Available Memory 43 Undelete 59 Show Help Summary 51 Undo Last Deletion 59 Show System Info 43 Up To Equal Indent 22 Status Help 51 Update Screen 35 Store Macros 34 Upper Case 38 Swap drive 47 Utility Help 52 Symbols 56 System Commands 42 V video device drivers 10 T Video mode 9 Tab 49 Tab Commands 49 W Tab Help 51 Window Commands 29 Text Help 51 Window Help 51 The Editing Screen 11 Word Left 19 Toggle Autoindent 37 Word Right 19 Toggle Block Cursor 46 Write Block to File 27 Toggle Block Display 31 Write to Named File 28 Toggle Case 38 Toggle Compress At Wrap 38 Z Toggle Dual Display 46 Zoom The Current Window 29 Toggle EMS usage 47 Index Page 81 Contents Chapter 1 Registration and License Information 3 Registration Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 License Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Chapter 2 Overview 7 Chapter 3 Getting Started 9 Chapter 4 The Editing Screen 11 Chapter 5 Quick Reference Guide 13 Chapter 6 Basic Movement Commands 19 Character Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Character Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Word Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Word Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Line Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Line Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Scroll Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Scroll Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Page Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Page Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Beginning of File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 End of File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Beginning of Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 End of Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Top of Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Bottom of Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Chapter 7 Markers And Jumping 21 Go to Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Go to Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Go to Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Top of Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Bottom of Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Jump to Marker 0..9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Set Marker 0..9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Previous Cursor Position . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Up To Equal Indent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Down To Equal Indent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Next Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Previous Sentence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Set Marker Via Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Jump To Marker By Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 i Chapter 8 Insert And Delete 23 New Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Insert Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Insert Control Character . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Delete Current Character . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Delete Character Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Delete Word Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Delete Word Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Delete to End of Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Delete Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Delete Line (no undo) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Chapter 9 Find And Replace 25 Find . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Find-and-Replace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Search And Apply Macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Find Next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Chapter 10 File Commands 27 Edit Another File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Abandon All Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Read File Into Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Write Block to File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Save and Continue Edit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Save File and Close Window . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Close All But Current Window . . . . . . . . . . 27 Save/switch files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Save All and Exit to DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Write to Named File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Chapter 11 Window Commands 29 Add Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Close Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Next Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Previous Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Resize Active Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Toggle Zoom Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Zoom The Current Window . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Chapter 12 Block Commands 31 Begin Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 End Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Copy Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Move Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Delete Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Toggle Block Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Mark Current Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Mark Current Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Shift Block Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Shift Block Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Chapter 13 Macro Commands 33 Toggle Macro Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Playback Scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 ii Playback scrap 1..9 times . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Playback Macro 1..9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Edit Macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Load Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Store Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Chapter 14 Macro Looping Commands 35 Repeat Macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Abort Macro if Out of Block . . . . . . . . . . 35 Abort Macro If End Of File . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Abort Macro if Blank Line . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Update Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Chapter 15 Format Commands 37 Toggle Insert Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Force Insert Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Force Overtype Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Toggle Autoindent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Force Autoindent Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Toggle Word Wrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Force Word Wrap On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Toggle Right Justify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Toggle Compress At Wrap . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Set Left Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Set Right Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Set Temporary Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Set Temporary Margin To Cursor . . . . . . . . . 38 Margin Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Center Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Toggle Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Lower Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Upper Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Reformat Paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Reformat Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Chapter 16 Miscellaneous Toggles 41 Toggle Tab Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Toggle Marker Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Toggle Key Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Chapter 17 System Commands 43 Invoke DOS Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Log Drive/Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Show System Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Show Available Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 File Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Chapter 18 Default Options 45 Set Undo Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Set Error Buffer Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Set Support Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Set Default Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Set Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 iii Toggle Snow Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Toggle Block Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Select Video Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Select DESQview Video Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Toggle Enhanced Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Toggle Dual Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Toggle Tab Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Toggle Tab Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Toggle Hi-bit Strip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Toggle Initial Zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Toggle EMS usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Toggle XMS Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Set Swap Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Save Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Chapter 19 Tab Commands 49 Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Backward Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Toggle Fixed Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Set Tab Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Chapter 20 Help Commands 51 Help Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Show Help Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Status Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Cursor Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Quick Movement Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Delete Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Find/Replace Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 File Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Window Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Block Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Text Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Tab Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Utility Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Settings Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Program Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Macro Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Function Key Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Chapter 21 Programming Commands 53 Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Run Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Execute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Build all . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Chapter 22 Programming Options 57 Set Tool Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Set Autosave Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Set Primary File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Make Current File Primary . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Next Error File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Next Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 iv Previous Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Chapter 23 Miscellaneous Commands 59 Activate Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Abort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Undo Last Deletion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Restore Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Chapter 24 Project 61 24.1 Project File Commands . . . . . . . . . . 63 # . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 #EXECUTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 #SHELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 #WINDOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 #VAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 #DEFINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 #UNDEFINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 #IFDEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 #IFNDEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 #ELSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 #ELSEIF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 #ENDIF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 #NOWARN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 #WARN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 #BUILDON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 #BUILDOFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 24.2 Inference Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Appendix A Creating Custom Error Filters 69 Appendix B Customizing The Help File 73 Appendix C Running Under DESQview 75 Appendix D Acknowledgments 77 Legal Stuff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Index 79 v