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Target The McAfee File Locator and Manipulator V1.5 Copyright McAfee Associates 1992 McAfee Associates (408) 988-3832 office 3350 Scott Blvd, Bldg. 14 (408) 970-9727 fax Santa Clara, CA 95054 (408) 988-4004 BBS (32 lines) U.S.A. USR HST/v.32/v.42bis/MNP1-5 CompuServe GO MCAFEE InterNet mcafee@netcom.COM Table of Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Using Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 File Search Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 File Manipulation Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 The Target and Target_DRIVES Environment Variables . . 13 Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Authenticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Page 1 Target Version 1.5 Page 2 INTRODUCTION Target is a powerful, multi-purpose file finder and manipulator utility. It can target selected files across all drives, including logged network drives, and can initiate actions on those files such as virus scanning, file copying, renaming, re-grouping, deleting, archiving and multiple other functions. It can search based on date ranges, file sizes, archive condition, file types or duplicate files, and can use a variety of search masks - including regular expressions. Target can perform a wide range of manipulations on files that are found, ranging from simple deletions, or scans for viruses, to complex re-structurings or re-orderings. As an example of the nearly unlimited uses for Target, each of the following tasks can be performed with one simple Target command: - Target all .DOC files located in all sub-directories of local drives and file server drives and incorporate them into one ZIP archive file, and then delete all of the unarchived DOC files. - Target all files on all drives that were modified in the past five days and copy the files to floppy diskette for backup purposes. - Remove all files from within your archives that are more than 5 years old. - Target all files with a given extension on your file server and move them into one sub-directory. - Create an archive of all files that are greater than 2 megabytes long. - Search all drives for files that have the numbers 1 through 5 as the last character of the filename and scan those files for viruses. - Determine wasted space occupied by backup files, archives, old files, or any other file classifications. Target provides a number of search options, including: o The ability to search inside ARC, ZIP, PKA, PAK, ZOO, ARJ, and LZH archived files. o The ability to search for files that have been compressed with PKWare's PKLite program. Target Version 1.5 Page 3 o True regular expression searching on filenames. o The ability to display duplicate entries across all of your disk drives, including those duplicates that are in archive files. o Excluding files from a search based on a search mask. o The ability to do restrictive searches on such criteria as file date ranges and file sizes, archive bit settings, hidden file flags and other file characteristics. Target Version 1.5 Page 4 USING TARGET FILE SEARCH FACILITIES Locating files with Target is simple and intuitive. If you do not specify a path, then Target will search the entire default drive. If you specify a starting path, then the search will occur from that path downward. Here are some basic command line examples: Target ab*.c search entire default drive for any filename matching "ab*.c". Target \turboc\ab*.c search downward from the \turboc\ directory on the default drive looking for "ab*.c". Target d:*.dat -a search entire drive d: and all archive files on drive d: looking for "*.dat". Target cd:*.dat -a search entire drive c: and drive d: and all archive files looking for "*.dat". Target myprog search entire default drive looking for "myprog.*" (Target will append a ".*" to a filename with no extension specified). Target myprog. search entire default drive looking for "myprog". If you specify a "." after a filename, Target will not append an "*" to it. Command Line Switches Switch: -A Meaning: search all archive files Description: The '-a' switch tells Target to look in any archive file encountered for a matching filename. If a matching filename is found, it will be displayed in parenthesis along with the full name of the archive file it resides in. Switch: -AO Meaning: search -ONLY- archive files Description: The '-ao' switch tells Target to ONLY look in any archive file encountered for a matching filename. If a matching filename is found, it will be displayed in parenthesis along with the full name of the archive file it resides in. Target Version 1.5 Page 5 Switch: -ARC -ARJ -PKA -LZH -ZIP -ZOO Meaning: search only the archive formats specified Description: These switches tell Target to only look inside the specified types of archive files for a matching filename. For example, if you are sure that the file named MYPROG.EXE is somewhere on drive C: in a .ZIP file, then Target c:myprog.exe -zip would find the file. Specifying individual archive format switches slightly speeds up Target, because the program doesn't have to waste time searching for (and through) all six archive formats. Switch: "regular expression" Meaning: do a grep-type search on the filename Description: Any command line string enclosed within double quotes will be considered a regular expression, and will cause Target to go into its "grep mode". A regular expression can be used with or without a filename search mask. Target will also look inside of 4DOS description files for the string specified. If a match is found, the normal output line will be displayed, along with the actual 4DOS description line below the filename line. Special characters within the quoted string are as follows: ^ - start matching at the first character of the filename ? - match any character in this position [..] - range check on character at this position The easiest way to explain is with a few examples: Target *.bat the regular search; will display any .BAT file found. Target *.bat "42" will display any .BAT file that contains the characters "42" anywhere in the filename. Target *.bat "^???42" Target Version 1.5 Page 6 will display any .BAT file that contains the characters "42" in the fourth position of the filename. Target "[0-9]" will display any file that contains a number anywhere in the filename. Target "[^0-9]" will display any file that DOES NOT contain a number anywhere in the filename. Target "^???a?[acew-z]" will display any file that contains an 'a' in the fourth position of the filename and the letters 'a', 'c', 'e', 'w', 'x', 'y', or 'z' in the sixth position of the name. These grep masks also work when looking inside of archive files. Switch: -D Meaning: search all available hard drives Description: This switch tells Target to search every hard drive on your system (including network drives), starting with C:. In other words, if you have drives C:, D:, E:, and F: then the following two command lines would do the exact same thing: Target cdef:myprog.exe or Target myprog.exe -d Note that specifying the "-d" switch overrides any drive letters that you specify on the command line. Switch: -DIR Meaning: include directory names in the search Description: This switch tells Target to also include directory names in the search. This allows you to not only locate a lost file, but lost directories, too. Switch: -DUP Meaning: Display only duplicate filenames on the drives searched Target Version 1.5 Page 7 Description: If the -DUP switch is specified, only those files that have duplicate entries will be displayed. All other switches are active during -DUPlicate processing. For example, the following command line: Target *.bat -a -d -dup would cause Target to search all hard drives (-d) looking for duplicate .BAT files. Target would also look inside of all found Archive files (-a). NOTE: Target must keep filenames in memory when searching for duplicate files. If an extremely large disk is being searched for duplicates, memory problems may occur. If you get the message "Error: out of memory!" when trying to find duplicates across all drives, then divide the search into overlapping areas, or search by extension or other file characteristic to limit the number of files reviewed in a given pass. If you are looking for duplicates on a very large drive, then Target will take some time. Don't be alarmed if the program seems to not be doing anything during its search. Switch: -E Meaning: use "*.*" for subdirectory searches Description: By default, Target assumes that you don't have any directories on your hard drive that have extensions in the filename. So, when Target is looking for new directories, it will search with a filemask of "*.". This significantly speeds up the hard drive search. If you do have directories that have extensions in their names, you must specify the '-e' switch or Target -will not- find files within that subdirectory. The easiest thing to do is to set your Target environment variable to default to this option (see "The Target Environment Variable" below). Switch: -F Meaning: display filenames only Description: This switch causes Target to display only the filename of matching files that it finds. No header or footer information will be displayed. This is most useful when you are redirecting the output from Target to a file. Switch: -G or -GF Meaning: go to the drive and subdirectory of the found file Description: If you specify the '-g' switch, Target will prompt you with Goto this subdirectory? (Y/N/Q) _ whenever it finds a matching file. Press 'Y' to change to Target Version 1.5 Page 8 the drive and subdirectory displayed, or 'N' to continue searching the drive. You may also enter 'Q' to abort Target. If you specify the '-gf' switch, Target will change to the directory of the first found file without prompting you. Switch: -H or -HO Meaning: start searching in the current subdirectory Description: The '-h' switch tells Target "start searching where I'm at right now". For example, if you are currently in the TURBOC subdirectory, then the following two commands would do the exact same thing: Target \turboc\myprog.c or Target myprog.c -h The '-ho' switch tells Target to both (a) start in the current directory, and (b) to ONLY search the current directory. With this switch, Target can be used as a directory program with the ability to list archive files. For example, you could create the following batch file and call it ARCDIR.BAT: @echo off Target %1 -ho -a Now, when you give the command "ARCDIR", you will be shown the directory listing, along with all files contained within archive files in your current subdirectory. Switch: -I Meaning: ignore the environment variable Target Description: The '-i' switch tells Target to ignore any default switches that you have set with the Target environment variable. Switch: -M -R -PL Meaning: modify Target's default output display Description: These switches allow you to modify the way that Target displays its output. By default, Target will place the filename on the left of the screen (just like DIR does). If you prefer, you can use '-M' to place the filename in the middle of the screen, '-R' to place the filename on the right of the screen, or '-PL' to put the pathname on the left of the screen. Usually set in the environment. Target Version 1.5 Page 9 Switch: -K Meaning: search only the PATH directories Description: This switch will cause Target to search only the directories that are specified in your DOS PATH environment variable. Switch: -Y Meaning: display the output with European-style dates (DD-MM-YY) Switch: -W Meaning: show wasted space occupied by matching files Description: This switch can come in handy if you are trying to figure out how much disk space is being wasted by a bunch of very small files (batch files are a prime example). Target will total and display to you the amount of disk space that is being wasted due to cluster overhead. Switch: -U Meaning: display all output in upper case Description: Some people still prefer to see directory-type listings in ALL UPPER CASE; if you're one of these people, then just use the '-U' switch. It's best to set this in your Target environment variable. Switch: -P Meaning: no pause or wait for a key when the screen fills up Description: Will cause Target to not pause the screen when it fills up. Switch: -PKLite Meaning: search for files compressed with PKLite Description: This switch will cause Target to only look for .COM and .EXE files that have been compressed with PKWare's PKLITE program. PKLite is a program that compresses executable programs, and then un-compresses them at runtime. Switch: -Xfilemask Meaning: exclude this filespec from the search Description: The '-X' switch allows you to exclude certain filenames from the directory search. You can specify up to 25 exclusion masks. For example, if you wanted to see all files on your drive except for .OBJ and .PRG files, you could do: Target *.* -x*.obj -x*.prg Target Version 1.5 Page 10 Switch: -LT -EQ -GT Meaning: specify a file size range Description: These switches allow you to search only for files within a certain size range. Some examples: Target *.PAS -LT1024 would display all .PAS files that have a size smaller than 1024 bytes. Target *.* -EQ0 would display all files that have a length of zero. Target *.* -GT500000 would display all files that are larger than 500,000 bytes. Target *.* -GT1023 -LT2049 would display all files that are from 1,024 to 2,048 bytes in size, inclusive. Switch: -S -B Meaning: specify a file date range Description: These switches allow you to search only for files within a certain date range. These switches are the "since" (S) switch and the "before" (B) switch. Both switches come in two flavors; you can specify the date in number of days (eg: -S5) or with a full date (eg: -S8-19-89). If you specify either switch with no date specifier, then it defaults to '0 days'. These date specifiers are also used when looking inside of archive files. Some examples: Target *.PAS -S5 would display all .PAS files that have a date greater than or equal to 5 days ago (in other words, modified SINCE 5 days ago). Target *.PAS -S5-1-89 would display all .PAS files modified SINCE 5/1/89. Target *.PAS -B5 would display all .PAS files modified BEFORE 5 days ago. Target *.PAS -B5-1-89 Target Version 1.5 Page 11 would display all .PAS files modified BEFORE 5/1/89. Target *.PAS -S5-1-89 -B6-1-89 would display all .PAS files modified between the dates of 5-1-89 and 5-31-89. Target *.PAS -S would display all .PAS files that have been modified today (defaults to '-S0'). Switch: -Z Meaning: show only files with their archive bit set Description: The '-Z' switch allows you to display only those files which have their "archive bit" set on. In other words, it will show all files that have been modified since your last backup (if your backup program clears the archive bit, that is). Switch: -HIDDEN Meaning: also show hidden and system files Description: The '-hidden' switch allows you to also display those files which are "system" and "hidden" files. FILE MANIPULATION FACILITIES Switch: -C"command to execute" -CV"command to execute" -O"command to display" Meaning: Execute (or display) a DOS command or application program on all files found. Description: This switch tells Target to execute the command or program within the double quotes on each matching file found. If the referenced program is not a DOS command, then it must be found in the system PATH. Target provides access to replaceable parameters that can pass the full filename, the pathname only, the filename only, or the name of the archive member (if you're searching archives) to the command or program. When you use the -cv switch, it operates identically to the -c switch, except that Target will ask you for confirmation before it actually executes the command. Target Version 1.5 Page 12 The -o switch prints the command it WOULD have executed to the screen. You may use this as a test before doing the -c command to make sure that what you think you told Target to do is the same as what you DID tell it to do. A more important use of the -o command is to redirect all of the Target output into a batch file that you can execute later. Replacement parameters for the DOS command or program being executed for both -c and -o are as follows: Parm Desc Normal example Archive example ---- ---- ----------------- ----------------- &f full file name c:\dos\xcopy.exe c:\dos\comlib.zip &p path name only c:\dos\ c:\dos\ &d directory name c:\dos c:\dos &n file name only xcopy.exe comlib.zip &m archive member <blank> xcopy.exe &r root of the name xcopy xcopy && the '&' char EXAMPLES: 1) You have many .DOC files straying all over your hard drive, and you'd like to incorporate them all into one simple ZIP file. You could do this with the following command: C:> Target -d *.doc -c"pkzip -m c:\docs.zip &f" 2) You want to make a copy of all of your Pascal source code that has been changed today so that you can take it home with you: C:> Target -d *.pas -s0 -c"copy &f a:\" 3) You want to get a text file listing of every directory name on your hard drive(s) in the file HARDRIVE.DAT: C:> Target -d nul -o"&p" >c:\Hardrive.Dat 4) You want to delete every .BAK file on your system (even those that are in ZIP files). This would be a 2-step process: First, delete the normal .BAK files C:> Target *.bak -v -n Then, delete them from the archive files C:> Target -d -ao -zip *.bak -c"pkzip -d &f &m" Target Version 1.5 Page 13 Switch: -V [-N] Meaning: do a verified delete of any matching files found Description: These switches tell Target to delete any matching files found. If you specify only the '-V' switch, then Target will prompt you before it deletes each file. If you specify BOTH the '-V' and the '-N' switch, then Target --WILL NOT-- prompt you. Example: Target *.bak -v Switch: -SCAN Meaning: Perform a virus scan on any matching files Description: The McAfee Associates' SCAN program must be in the system PATH to use this function. The Target and Target_DRIVES Environment Variables When Target begins execution, it searches the environment for a variable named Target. If this variable is present, its contents will be appended onto the command line just as if you had entered them in from the keyboard. This option is very handy for setting "default options" that you'd like for Target to perform every time. Simply set the Target variable in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. For example, if you'd like to always (a) page break when the screen fills up, (b) display the filenames on the right of the screen, and (c) display output in upper case, you would put the following in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file: SET Target=-P -R -U Target would then use these options every time you executed the program. If you specify the "-d" switch (search all drives), then Target will search the environment looking for a variable named Target_DRIVES. If this variable is found, Target will use this list as the definition of the drives to search. If the Target_DRIVES variable does not exist, Target will use its own list, which defaults to drives c: through z: (ie: cde...z). The Target_DRIVES variable is needed mainly by people using networks. Target's reckless abandon of simply searching all drive letters caused some network users a lot of headaches. It seems that those affected the most were users of Novell networks. On Novell, you can specify many Target Version 1.5 Page 14 different drive letters for the same "volume" (ie: partition), so Target would show the same physical file many times, since Target thought that it was really on a different drive. With the Target_DRIVES variable, it is up to the user to tell Target what drives are physically different. For example, let's assume that you have 3 volumes defined, and the drive letter assignments are as follows: Volume 1 - drives C: and D: Volume 2 - drives E: and F: Volume 3 - drives G: and H: For Target to work correctly, you would put the following line in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file: Set Target_DRIVES=CEG or Set TA_DRIVES=CEG (Target will accept TA_DRIVES for the drive searching environment variable in place of Target_Drives). Now, when you search using the "-d" switch, Target won't list duplicate filenames. If the Target_DRIVES Environment Variable exists, it is used every time. If you need to search a different list, you must specify a drive list with the filename instead of using the "-d" switch. For example, "Target cdfg:*.bat". Upper and lower case is not significant in the names of the environment variables. NOTE that no colon is used in the Target_DRIVES environment variable; only the drive letters are listed. Target Version 1.5 Page 15 REGISTRATION A registration fee of $20.00US is required for the use of TARGET by individual home users. Registration is for one year and entitles the holder to unlimited free upgrades off of McAfee Associates' BBS or CompuServe GO MCAFEE. When registering, a diskette containing the latest version may be requested. Add $9.00US for diskette mailings. Only one diskette mailing will be made. Registration is for home users only and does not apply to businesses, corporations, organizations, government agencies, or schools, who must obtain a license for use. Contact McAfee Associates for more information. Outside of the United States, registration and support may be obtained from the Agents listed in the accompanying AGENTS.TXT file. TECH SUPPORT For fast and accurate help, please have the following information prepared when you contact McAfee Associates: - Program name and version number. - Type and brand of computer, hard disk, plus any peripherals. - Version of DOS you are running, plus any TSRs or device drivers in use. - Printouts of your AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files. - The exact problem you are having. Please be as specific as possible. Having a printout of the screen and/or being at your computer will help also. McAfee Associates can be contacted by CompuServe Forum, BBS, fax, or InterNet 24 hours a day, or call our business office at (408) 988-3832, Monday through Friday, 7:00AM to 5:00PM Pacific Standard Time. McAfee Associates (408) 988-3832 office 3350 Scott Blvd., Bldg. 14 (408) 970-9727 fax Santa Clara, CA 95054-3107 (408) 988-4004 BBS (32 lines) U.S.A USR HST/v.32/v.42bis/MNP1-5 CompuServe GO MCAFEE Internet mcafee@netcom.com If you are overseas, please refer to the AGENTS.TXT file for a listing of McAfee Associates Agents for support or sales. Target Version 1.5 Page 16 AUTHENTICITY Target is packaged with the VALIDATE program to ensure the integrity of the TARGET.EXE file. The VALIDATE.DOC file tells how to use VALIDATE. VALIDATE can be used to check subsequent versions of Target for tampering. The validation results for Version 1.5 should be: FILE NAME: TARGET.EXE SIZE: 65,428 DATE: 07-21-1992 FILE AUTHENTICATION Check Method 1: 9DD7 Check Method 2: 0499 If your copy of Target differs, it may have been damaged. Always obtain your copy of Target from a known source. Valid copies can be obtained from McAfee Associates' bulletin board system at (408) 988-4004 or from GO MCAFEE on CompuServe. All of McAfee Associates programs are archived with PKWare's PKZIP Authentic File Verification. If you do not see an "-AV" after every file is unzipped and receive the "Authentic Files Verified! # NWN405 Zip Source: McAFEE ASSOCIATES" message when you unzip the files then do not use them. If your version of PKUNZIP does not have verification ability, then this message may not be displayed. Please contact us if you believe tampering has occurred to the .ZIP file. Target Version 1.5 Page 17 HISTORY Target is the newest version of SST - originally written by Keith Ledbetter. McAfee Associates acquired all of Keith's programs in June of 1992. Keith has done a remarkable job and it was very difficult to improve on his work. The current version of Target adds the ability to SCAN for viruses, and relaxes the syntax requirements somewhat. For example: Target C: D: E: *.BAK Target CD: E:*.BAK Target CDE: *.BAK Target CDE:*.BAK all would be treated as identical. The original WHEREIS and SST require the - CDE:*.BAK - to be the only legitimate syntax. In addition, we have changed the program to default to pause at a page break. The -p is now required to not pause. Other than this, we could find nothing to change that would improve Keith's wonderful program.