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- Chapter 10.
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- The X-DOS Backup/Restore Program
-
- Introduction
-
- X-DOS includes a powerful menu driven Backup and Restore utility.
- If you have had the unfortunate experience of hard disk crashes
- or accidentally destroying files, you will appreciate this easy
- to use yet fast and reliable BACKUP & RESTORE utility. This
- program can be used to save all your hard disk data on floppy
- disks allowing you to later restore this data if the original
- data on the hard disk becomes corrupted or is deleted.
-
- Backup main features
-
- * Fully menu driven and help available at all levels.
- * Supports MS-DOS command line compatible switches.
- * Compress data in a very efficient way.
- * Supports Backup to any kind of removable floppies
- * Diskette backup preview to efficiently calculate the number of
- diskette(s) needed for backing up.
- * Directory tree and selection by including or excluding files.
-
- When to Use Backup
-
- When you should use backup depends mainly on how valuable your
- data is. You can never be too careful about data integrity and it
- is always a good idea to backup data as soon as it has been
- updated or created on your disk.
-
- It is a good idea to keep different backups according to data
- that is frequently changed and data that is important to your
- computing activities but which never changes. For instance, you
- might decide to backup your utility directory of your disk and
- put the diskette(s) in a safe place. Then every day or every few
- days, make a backup of the files that have only been changed to a
- great extent. Remember also to use at least two sets of diskettes
- (minimum) when you are backing up. Never backup up on to the
- latest diskettes.
-
- Methods of Backing Up Data
-
- Different backup methods are possible when using XBACK. They are
- described here:
-
- Full Backup
- In this case, select all the files from the tree selection
- regardless of whether the files were changed or not. If you set
- the option to reset archive bit afterwards, all the files will be
- marked as backed up.
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- 10-1
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- Incremental Backup
- In this method you are supposed to have made a first set of the
- full backup once that is kept safe. The incremental backups will
- backup only the files that have been changed or new files. In
- this method, you must set the archive bit to Yes. The next
- incremental backup will only backup the new files or modified
- files since the last backup.
-
- Differential Backup
- This method also supposes that a full backup has been made
- previously. However, it will make backup of files that have been
- changed since the first full backup. As a result, you must set
- the Reset Archive Bit option to No.
-
- Starting XBACK
-
- The X-DOS backup command is called XBACK. You can activate the X-
- DOS BACKUP program by typing XBACK at the command line with no
- parameters. In order to maintain compatibility with MS-DOS XBACK
- has a predefined alias of BACKUP which means you can also run
- XBACK by typing BACKUP at the DOS prompt. This is for the benefit
- of users who are used to the BACKUP command and whether you type
- BACKUP or XBACK as the command makes no difference to how the
- program works.
-
- XBACK will prompt you with the main menu and you can choose from
- one of its main features, mainly BACKUP or RESTORE. XBACK can
- also be activated with parameters defined as follow :
-
- Command Syntax:
- BACKUP [d1:][path][filespec] [d2:] [/ or - params]
-
- Parameters:
- [d1:][path] - is the drive and path to the files you want to
- backup.
-
- [filespec] - is the range of files you want to backup.
-
- [d2:] - is the floppy drive you want to backup to.
-
- [params] - are any of the switches described as follow :
-
- Available XBACK Switches:
-
- /, - B - starts backing up the specified range of files (default
- *.*).
-
- /, - D - prompts you for a date and backs up files modified on
- or after your specified date.
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- /, - E - enables an audible prompt for diskette changes and
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- messages.
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- /, - I - resets the archive attribute on files that are backed
- up.
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- /, - M - only backs up files that have changed since last
- backup.
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- /, - O - gives overwrite warning if diskette already contains
- data.
-
- /, - P - enables packing of data, greatly reducing the necessary
- number of backup diskettes.
-
- /, - R - starts restoring mode.Insert last backup diskette from
- set.
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- /, - S - includes any sub-directories to the specified filespec.
-
- /, - V - verifies that data can be read from the backup
- diskette(s).
-
- /, - Y - includes system and hidden files in the backup.
-
- Setting and Resetting Default BACKUP Switches:
-
- The BACKUP command lets you set your preferred default switches
- with the SET BACKUP=/switches command. To make the default switch
- settings permanent, include the above statement in your
- AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
-
- Here is an example which will make BACKUP give an audible prompt
- (/B) and pack your data onto fewer diskettes (/P) as default:
-
- SET BACKUP=/B/P
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- BACKUP provides a delimiter (-) which gives you an easy way to
- turn off a BACKUP option which is either turned on as default or
- turned on with the SET BACKUP=/switches command. To change the
- Overwrite Prompt option from its default Yes to No, just execute
- BACKUP with the -O switch.
-
- Using the BACKUP feature of XBACK
-
- Most of the use of XBACK concerns the BACKUP function. We surely
- hope you will not need to use the RESTORE feature too often!
- You can either access the BACKUP function from inside XBACK at
- the top menu or by calling BACKUP at the command line.
-
- Choose the devices
- The first thing before you actually start backing up is to select
- which drive you wish to backup and where it will be backed up.
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- 10-3
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- You can change the devices definition by activating the 'Devices'
- command.
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- The first item lets you change the hard disk drive. Type in the
- hard disk drive that you wish to backup. The default window will
- probably display 'From C: to A:'. If you type D, it will change
- to 'From D: to A:' and so on.
-
- The 'Change Floppy Medium' will toggle the type of floppy you are
- using to which ever possibility exists. You could for instance
- decide to put 360K diskettes in a 1.2 Mb drive.
-
- File Selection
- Once the devices are chosen, it is necessary to choose what files
- will be selected for backup. By default, XBACK performs a full
- backup, so all the files are selected. Several methods are
- available to select or unselect files.
-
- Directory Choice
- This method will display a tree structure of you drive with the
- directory names on the left window and the files available in
- that directory in the right window. You can scroll in each window
- by using cursor keys or a mouse and change window by either using
- the TAB key or by clicking in the opposite window with the mouse.
- If you are in the directory window, you can select or deselect
- the entire contents of the current directory as well as all the
- subdirectories by typing the [ENTER] key or by clicking on its
- name with the mouse. Alternatively, if the directory was
- deselected, clicking on it or typing [ENTER] will select it
- again.
-
- If you are currently in the File window, You can select or
- deselect files individually by clicking on them or typing
- [ENTER].
-
- When you either select or deselect a file or a directory, you
- will see in the upper part of the window the number of files and
- number of kilo bytes changing accordingly.
-
- System files
- This option will simply take into account files that have the
- system and/or hidden attribute set and will make them available
- for selection.
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- Date selection
- This option let you select files that have a date equal or
- superior to the one you specify in the Selection Date Window. If
- you specify a date and then return to the directory selection,
- you will find that some files that were previously selected have
- been unselected by the date filter.
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- Archive Bit Set
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- 10-4
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- This option is necessary if you intend to perform an incremental
- or differential backup. The Archive Bit is set if a file is
- modified or created. As a result, selecting files with the Bit
- Archive Set will only select files that have not been backed up
- since the first full backup.
- You must decide between differential or incremental backup by
- setting the Reset Archive Bit to No or Yes accordingly.
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- Options
- Several options are offered to you to tune your Backup procedure.
-
- Reset Archive Bit was previously discussed and concerned the
- difference between differential and incremental backup.
-
- The Overwrite Feature is a security feature that will warn you if
- the destination diskette already contains data and prompt you to
- continue or change diskette.
-
- The Data Compression is important for the speed and diskette
- consumption ratio. When data compression is used, the space
- consumption on the output diskette is greatly reduced. It is hard
- to predict how much will be gained since it depends of the nature
- of your data, but you should at least gain 30% in disk space.
- Data compression, however, needs substantially more time to
- backup given the algorithm used to compress. You may choose
- between the two methods according to either the number of free
- diskettes you have or how much time you are willing to spend in
- front of your PC when backing up.
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- The Verify Option simply checks if the data can be read again
- after writing. It is a security feature but it is also costly in
- time.
-
- The Beep Option will turn on or off the sound when the user is
- prompted by XBACK.
-
- See Total
- If you do not wish to modify the file selection, but still want
- to view how many Kilo Bytes of data will be backed up and/or how
- many files have been selected, you can activate the 'See Total
- Command' to force XBACK to load the file structure and update its
- data.
-
- Backup Preview
- The backup preview will simulate a real backup taking into
- account the files selected and compression, but will not write
- any data to the actual diskette. This option is available for
- those of you that wish to know exactly how many diskettes are
- needed, since estimating the number of diskettes required when
- data compression is on can be totally meaningless.
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- Start Backup
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- 10-5
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- When your file selection has been made and all your preferences
- and switches are set accordingly, you can start the backup with
- this function.
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- XBACK will display a screen that monitors the number of files and
- kilo bytes backed up with their names in the bottom part of the
- screen, directories on the left and files on the right. On the
- upper right part of the screen, it will show the current diskette
- number as well as its rate of filling.
-
- When the current diskette is full, XBACK will prompt you to enter
- a new diskette in the drive.
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- Using the Restore Feature of XBACK
-
- The same principle applies to the BACKUP and the RESTORE in terms
- of device configuration and file selection. They will therefore
- not be repeated here.
-
- In order to restore a previous backup, XBACK is expecting you to
- put the last diskette in the diskette drive in order to rebuild
- the directory tree. If you have lost this diskette or if it
- happens that it is completely destroyed, you don't have to worry.
- XBACK has a feature where it can reconstruct files even if the
- last one is not available.
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- When the last diskette is available and in order, XBACK will used
- the saved tree structure to reconstruct the file names and paths.
- You will then be able to select files and directory as you did
- with BACKUP before you decide to restore files.
-
- If the last diskette is not available, things are a little bit
- more complicated. When the last diskette is missing, XBACK does
- not know how many files are present in the backup diskettes. It
- will prompt you to insert the first diskette until the last one
- available with you. At the last one, press 'D' to tell XBACK that
- it was the last diskette. From then, XBACK will reconstruct the
- tree structure and you will be able to make selections as before.
-
- Directory Option
- XBACK has a feature to display the directory of backed up
- diskettes without activating the Restore function. You will be
- prompted to input the last diskette of your backed up diskettes
- (or the first one if the last is not available). Each directory
- will be displayed one at a time and you will be prompted to
- continue visualizing the tree.
-
- Compare Option
- The compare option may be needed to check which files have
- changed since the previous backup. XBACK will prompt you to
- insert the last diskette of the previous backup to reconstruct
- the tree. Then input the diskettes one at a time starting with
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- 10-6
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- the first one.
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- XBACK will compare the file from the backup and the one available
- in your hard disk at the same location as defined in the path of
- the backup file. The file may be the same, it may contains
- differences or its length may be different. In any case, XBACK
- will detect any changes between the files and report them to you
- in the left window of the screen.
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- 10-7