Loadstar 128 #35

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Page Table of Contents 1 Getting Loaded 1 The Launch... 1 Set The Drive Number 1 Getting Our Feet Wet 2 The Status Line 2 The Logo / User Interface Line 3 HELP Me PLEASE! 3 Navigation 3 GRABbing Files 4 Now That I GRABbed it, What Can I DO With It? 4 Move It 4 Swap It 4 Rename It 4 Change File Type 4 Lock It 5 Scratch It 5 Unscratch It 5 Oops! 5 A Sorted Affair 6 Moving Scratches [ooh!] 6 WunderBars 8 Dont Forget To Write 8 BAM! 8 Partition Processing 8 Conquering Divides 10 DOS Operations 11 Renaming a Disk 12 Directory to Printer 12 Disk Files to Printer 12 And Finally... Magic 128 V1.16 by e.g.bell *** Getting Loaded Magic 128 is a 1581 directory manipulator that also supports 1541 and 1571 format disks. The program was written in machine language for speed. The name was inspired by a C64 mode program that I was always so impressed with, called Directory Magic. It was one of my very favorite utilities for the C64. I wanted something that did everything Directory Magic did, and a lot more. I think you'll find Magic 128 every bit as useful, and maybe quite a bit more. To get started, all you have to do is type Ex 1: run "Magic 128*" or Ex 2: run "Magic 128*",u# Where #=Drive Number You can run Magic 128 from LOADSTAR by choosing Run It. The program will load and begin executing. The first thing it does is load a support file called BURST SUBS.BIN+ from the same disk drive. Make sure you have the two files on the same disk. If you aren't using drive 8 for your source drive, make sure you use a RUN statement like the second example above, specifying your drive number after the U. Magic 128 will load the support file from whatever drive you start out with. The BURST SUBS.BIN+ file is the one included on the 1581 demo disk along with a little code I added for Magic 128. You MUST use my version to get the extra code Magic 128 needs. *** The Launch... When the loading is all done, you will be facing a HELP screen of many of the command options of Magic 128. Press a key to get to the work screen. The work screen will be blank with a box pointer flashing in the upper left corner of the work area. The work screen is where you will be able to execute the functions of Magic 128. No commands work while in the HELP mode. Insert a disk. It is best to start with a backup disk first, until you get comfortable with Magic 128. *** Set The Drive Number The drive you load Magic 128 from is the drive that will be used for subsequent Magic operations. You can change this if you like, by pressing CTRL-d from the work screen. This will allow you to specify what drive you would like to use. The acceptable range is from 8 to 30. In this regard, if you use the Xetec Super Gold Interface for your printer, don't use device 14 for your drive. This is a reserved device number used with a burst driver for that interface. *** Getting Our Feet Wet Press r to read the disk, and the screen will blank. When it comes back, you will be looking at a screen formatted in up to 4 columns containing the filenames from the directory of the disk you have just Page 1 Magic 128 V1.16 by e.g.bell read. There are up to 20 files in a column, meaning up to 80 filenames can be displayed on a screen. To the right of each filename is a : character followed by the first letter of the filetype of that directory entry. Splat files will show a * in this position. Locked files will show a < just before the colon. This is a lot of information in a little space, but you'll get used to it. Operation speed dictated doing things like this. Attributes (reverse, color, flashing, etc.) are not available in the main work screen. If there are more than 80 files on the disk, there will be 1 or more additional pages of the same format, up to 4 pages total. Magic 128 will accomodate a full 1581 directory of up to 296 files, as well as handling 1541 and 1571 diskettes. Note! The pages are all in VDC memory at the same time, which means pages don't have to be repainted each time. Everything is quick...a twiddled bit's distance from one page to the next. *** The Status Line The two lines at the bottom of every Magic 128 screen are informational lines. They tell you the status of the disk directory and the file in the GRAB buffer. If you have not GRABbed a file, this line will only display information about the disk you have in the drive [you must Read the disk by pressing r first] If you have GRABbed a file, then the filename will be displayed, along with its locked/unlocked status, file type, starting track and sector, and size in disk blocks. The MODE header on this informational line tells you what mode you are in. If you have a file GRABbed, the MODE is DUMP, meaning that you cannot GRAB another file. If no file is GRABbed, the MODE is GRAB, meaning you can pick up a file. The FREE and USED columns tell you how many blocks on the disk are used and how many are available. The FILES column tells you how many active files are on the disk, and DEL tells you how many deleted files there are. The DVC column tells you what drive is in use, either 41 (1541), 71 (1571), or 81 (1581). It could also say ?, which means the drive is not recognized. The information is determined using a drive reset and then reading the standard DOS error message returned. This information is pulled in at startup, and several times during execution of Magic 128. You can force such an inquiry by pressing CTRL-w. Note! I said this is done using a drive reset. This means that if you use software or a DOS command to set your device number, you are going to have a problem with this program. To use it, switch all of your other drives off, and just use drive 8. This should only even be a concern to 1541 users or 128D users with no switches on their drives. *** The Logo / User Interface Line Page 2 Magic 128 V1.16 by e.g.bell The user interface line, where Magic 128 gets most keyboard input from you, is the top screen line. This is also where you are informed about what is happening. Magic is very informative about what it is doing at all times. *** HELP Me PLEASE! Magic 128 is a very friendly program. If you need HELP at any time, press the HELP key. [You can also press ?, CTRL-H, H, or SHIFT- RUN/STOP]. This will bring up a HELP screen. There are currently 8 HELP screens, numbered 5.0 through 5.7, resident at all times. To advance to the next one, just press HELP again, or SHIFT-RUN/STOP. If you like, you can also go directly to a specific HELP screen. They are numbered 0 through 7. To go to a specific screen, just press the corresponding digit. For example, to go directly to screen 5.7, just press '7'. This ONLY works when you are in HELP mode. The screen will blank while the next HELP screen is being painted. When you have the HELP you need, press any other key to return to the Magic work screen. The last HELP screen displayed when you exit HELP mode will be the one you see the next time you request HELP. Virtually every command available in Magic 128 is listed at least once in one of the HELP screens. Some functions are available with more than one key. For instance, you can GRAB a file by pressing g or F1. You can DUMP a file by pressing d or F3. There are several commands with more than one key like that. *** Navigation Since you may have up to 4 pages of directory entries, if you want to GRAB a file on a page other than the current one, use the + and - keys, or CTRL-f, to move forward and backward through the available pages. You can use the HOME key to move to the first directory entry on the current page, or SHIFT-CLR/HOME to move to the first file on the first page. [F5/F6 perform the same functions]. You can use the BACK ARROW to move the pointer to the last file on the current page, or the ^ key to move to the last file on the last page. [F7/F8 perform the same functions.] *** GRABbing Files Now, the only thing you need to know to get started is that, for most of the features in Magic 128, you must GRAB a file first, using g or F1 from the work screen. Then you can move it, rename it, change types, kill it, unscratch it, etc. There are exceptions, of course, like sorts, but most of the operations that operate on individual file entries require that you GRAB that file. When you have GRABbed a file, it will appear on the status line and Mode will switch from GRAB to DUMP. If you attempt an operation that requires a GRABbed file and you don't have one, you will be notified Page 3 Magic 128 V1.16 by e.g.bell by a message on the top screen line. The operation you requested will not be allowed until you GRAB a file. GRABbing and DUMPing files are the most basic functions of Magic 128. To GRAB a file, simply move the little green box pointer beside the file you want to GRAB using the up/down/right/left pointer keys. When the pointer is set, just press g or F1 and that file will be GRABbed. Note! If you have already GRABbed a file and you want to pick up a different one, you must either 1] dump the file you have, or 2] zap the GRAB buffer. Ill cover this shortly. *** Now That I GRABbed it, What Can I DO With It? What can I do with a file once I GRAB it? *** Move It You can move it to another position in the directory. Just move the pointer, the same way you did to GRAB a file. Position it where you want the GRABbed file to be inserted and press d or F3. It will be inserted BEFORE the entry the pointer is beside. For this reason, you can't DUMP it into the last slot in the directory with this function. For that, see SWAP IT, immediately below. [See also BLOCK OPERATIONS] *** Swap It You can swap it with a different file. Move the pointer to the one you want to swap, and press CTRL-s. The GRABbed file will be inserted at this point, and the file at this point will be inserted where the GRABbed file was. Use this to move a file to the last position in a directory. Just GRAB the last file, move the pointer to the next to the last file, and press CTRL-s. Neat! *** Rename It You can rename it. Just press CTRL-r, then enter the new name. This change only occurs to the GRAB buffer. If you are satisfied, when the name in the status line at the bottom is correct, press i or ctrl-m to implement the change. *** Change File Type Press CTRL-c if you want to change file types. Again, this change is to the GRAB buffer only. If you are satisfied with it, just press i or CTRL-m. If you want to change all files of a specific type in a directory to another type, for example, change all SEQ files to PRG files, press CTRL-t. You will be asked for the from/to parameters. If you pick the same type for both, nothing will be done. Any valid choice will be processed immediately. [See also BLOCK OPERATIONS] *** Lock It Press CTRL-l if you want to lock the file, then i or CTRL-m to implement the change. This will prevent the file from being accidentally scratched. Locked files are identified by the < Page 4 Magic 128 V1.16 by e.g.bell character somewhere in the directory display after the filename. [See also BLOCK OPERATIONS] *** Unlock It Press CTRL-u to unlock a locked file, then i or CTRL-m to implement the change. Unlocking a file reverses the LOCK status, opening the file to be scratched, opened for writes, etc. [See also BLOCK OPERATIONS] *** Scratch It Press the INST/DEL key to delete the GRABbed file, and then i or CTRL- m to implement the change. Use this feature to batch scratch a bunch of files quickly. The changes will only be effective when you write the directory back to disk. It does save time. [See also BLOCK OPERATIONS] *** Unscratch It Press SHIFT-INST/DEL if the GRABbed file is a scratched file and you want to unscratch it. Checks will be made to assure the file hasn't been overwritten, and then it will automatically be restored. The last step in the unscratch process requires you to enter the file type of this file. -> NOTE <- When you scratch or unscratch files as described above, the disk is automatically flagged for validation after a write of the directory. This is necessary to update the BAM concerning your changes. ** Moral of the story ** I don't know if Magic 128 will work on a GEOS disk. If you try, DON'T scratch any files. Pssst! A 1541 CAN'T unscratch files on the back of double-sided disks! You should NOT use Magic 128 on a GEOS disk! *** Oops! Most Magic file operations work like this, changing the GRABbed file only. If you GRAB the wrong file or change your mind about the change, press z to zap the GRABbed buffer. This is an Ooops function affecting only the GRAB buffer. This doesn't hurt the original entry in the directory buffer. It only clears out the GRAB buffer. If, after you have made a lot of changes, you decide you want to start over, you can read the directory again or just press CTRL-o, which is an Ooops! function. It will restore the directory as it appeared when you first read the disk. If you try to perform an operation that needs a file, and you haven't GRABbed one, you will be notified. No harm done! *** A Sorted Affair Page 5 Magic 128 V1.16 by e.g.bell You can sort files on the disk by either filename or filetype. Since this is done at machine language speed, it is very quick. Choosing a sort by filename, by pressing CTRL-n or n, involves no more input from you. It is simply done. VERY QUICKLY! If you choose to sort by filetype, by pressing t, you will also be able to specify the order in which you want the types to appear. Just follow the onscreen instructions. You simply have to enter a string of numbers from 0 to 5 which correspond to the different file types. The sort will then use this string to determine the sort order for the respective file types. [See also BLOCK OPERATIONS] *** Moving Scratches [ooh!] You can bump the scratched files to the top of the directory or the bottom of the directory. You might want them at the top to make sure the next file/s saved will be in the first positions of the directory. When you bump them to the bottom of the directory, you will also be offered the opportunity to snip them from the directory. This is a great feature to clean your disks of old, long deleted files. ** NOTE ** If you snip scratched files from your disks, you will have an extremely hard time if you ever have to recover them. Still, it is a very useful feature if you decide to use it. *** WunderBars A very nice feature of Magic 128 allows you to insert separator bars at points where you choose. These appear as 16 shift-* characters. In other words, a bar, but the bar filenames will each be unique so that file copiers will not burp on them. You can have more variations of such bars than you can have files on a disk. In this regard, when created, these BARS point to a single directory block on the disk. When copied, most copiers will probably create a unique file for each one. You may want to take this into consideration if you have a lot of bars on a disk with very little room left. Magic 128 will make sure there are no duplicate separators on the disk. When you GRAB one, you will see sections of pink and red in the filename characters. (All other filenames in the status line are white) These colors graphically display how the filenames are different. Separator bars show up as using 1 block in the directory. Their track/sector will always be track 18 sector 18 on 1541/71 diskettes and track 40 sector 2 on 1581 diskettes. This was just to make sure they cause no bam problems. If you delete them, you will deallocate nothing. Note! This also requires that some editing of the 1541/71 sector be done, writing a chr$(255) into the second byte to make it look like the last sector in a file. Again, this will be totally transparent to you in any situation. If you ever want to get rid of all such files on a disk, use the k function. You will have to verify this selection, but it will scratch all the bars from the disk. You can then read the directory, if you want, bump the DEL files to the bottom of the directory, and snip them right off the disk. Page 6 Magic 128 V1.16 by e.g.bell *** Block Operations Occasionally, you will want to perform an operation on a group of files instead of the whole buffer. For example, when you have saved a new group of files that are at the end of a large directory, and you want to move them to the top, doing this one file at a time is extremely tedious. Perhaps you have a directory in which you want to sort just a particular set of files on a disk by name or type. (The TXT files in the CS-DOS archives would be a good example.) Magic 128 gives you the ability to sort (by name or type), kill, lock, or unlock the whole buffer or groups of files in the buffer. To perform any of these functions on a block of files, first GRAB a file normally. Then move the pointer to the file entry at the end of the desired range of files and press CMDR-<letter>, where <letter> is a letter from the menu displayed below. If your entries are valid, the operation will be performed on the specified range. You will see the start and end files in the range displayed on the status line at the bottom of the screen. For sorts, lock/unlocks, and deletions, the operation requires no more of you. After a very brief pause, your instructions are implemented. To move blocks of files, simply point to the first file, as before, and press g or F1 to GRAB the file. So far, nothing is different. Now, move the pointer to the second file, the end of the desired range, and press CMDR-G. Finally, move the pointer to the position at which you want the range inserted and press 'd'. If valid, the whole block will be moved. For these block type operations, it doesn't matter in which order you GRAB the start and end files. They will be corrected before execution. *Note!* For block moves, you will not be allowed to insert the block into itself or at the same position either. But then, why would you? The options are as follows: The Currently Available BLOCK Commands -------------------------------------- CMDR G Grab Second File in Block Move - Set Pointer and press 'g' to GRAB 1st file - Set Pointer and press CMDR-'g' to grab 2nd file - Set Pointer to destination and press 'd' to DUMP K Kill (Scratch) All Files In Block/Buffer. BE CAREFUL! L Lock All Files In Block/Buffer N Sort All Files In Block/Buffer By Name T Sort All Files In Block/Buffer By File Type U Unlock All Files In Block/Buffer For selections other than CMDR-g, simply move the pointer to the first file and press g to GRAB it. Then move the pointer to the second file and press CMDR-<key>. To act on the whole buffer, just press the Page 7 Magic 128 V1.16 by e.g.bell correct key combination with NO FILES GRABBED. ** NOTE ** All of these functions EXCEPT CMDR-K can be undone easily. The only way to undo a CMDR-K, if you write it to disk, is to read it back in and unscratch each program. Magic 128 can do it, but a little caution can make it unnecessary. (If you change your mind before writing the directory back to disk, just press CTRL-o, the BIG OOPS! *** Dont Forget To Write When you have made all desired changes, press w to write the directory back to disk. You must verify this selection. If you do, the directory you created/edited will be written to the disk. The information will be wiped from memory to prevent being written to another disk. Remember! Most of the editing functions in Magic 128 are done only in memory, and are not valid unless you write them to disk by pressing w. You CANNOT write a directory if you haven't READ a directory! You SHOULDN'T write a directory to a disk you didn't read! *Note* If you have scratched or unscratched any files, the disk will automatically be validated after the edited directory is written. *** BAM! You can see the Block Allocation Map if you press CTRL-a after reading a disk. This allows you to see what sectors are used on each track. For the 1581, you might find this very useful if you want to create partitions on previously used disks. Magic 128 doesn't make partitions in this version. Well see what the future holds. You CANNOT see a BAM map of a directory you haven't READ! *** Partition Processing All of the operations available in Magic 128 can be used in partitions. Magic 128 doesn't atually have to go into a partition. To edit the directory of a partion, you must GRAB a CBM type file from the directory. Then you can read it. When you do this, a P will flash beside the 81 on the status line at the bottom of the screen. Magic 128 sees partitions simply as another directory. All writes are done to tracks and sectors, and not to directories per se. Thus partitions are seen like any other directory, and can be edited at will. *** Conquering Divides You can also create partitions using Magic 128. This should prove to be one of the easier utilities available for this operation, because you have quick access to the BAM, telling you what areas of the disk are available. Magic 128 creates partitions only in the format acceptable for sub-directories. Basically, this means they start on sector 0 of the first track in the partition and the included sectors are an even multiple of 40. This makes things very simple for you. Think in terms of tracks. Partitions will include only empty tracks. Page 8 Magic 128 V1.16 by e.g.bell The procedure to create one is very simple. You should have some idea of how many sectors you want for your partition. REMEMBER! This number must be evenly divisible by 40. Divide your number by 40 and add 1 (to account for the directory you will be creating) and that is how many consecutive empty tracks you will need. For instance, if you want 320 sectors in your partition, you would divide that by 40, giving 8 tracks for your partition. You would add 1 for the partition directory, giving 9 tracks total for a 320 block partition. Now you will need to find out where there is a space on your disk 9 consecutive empty tracks long for your partition. Insert the disk into your 1581 and press r to read it. It will be read whether there are any files on the disk or not. Now, press CTRL- a to display the BAM map for this disk. You will see a display line for the tracks which maps the sectors. The display starts out on track 40, the directory track. (Use the + and - keys to scroll forward and backward through the track displays) Unused sectors are displayed as white 'o' characters and used sectors are displayed as pink '*' characters. An empty track will appear as a row of 40 white 'o' characters. If there are any pink '*' characters on a display line, that many sectors are being used on this track and it is thus unavailable for use in a partition. For our example above of a 320 block partition, we must find 9 consecutive empty tracks. These must not include track 40, but track 40 will never be empty anyway, since it is the main disk directory track. All 9 tracks must either be lower than track 40 (1-39) or higher than 40 (41-80). Let us say, for our example, that you find 9 consecutive empty tracks starting at track 41. (If you are starting this demo out with a blank, formatted disk, this is a good place to start) That means tracks 41 through 49 have NO PINK '*' characters in the displays. Now we have all the information we need to create our partition. From the BAM screen, just press <RETURN> to exit to the main work screen. At the main work screen, press CMDR-p to begin creating your partition. First, you will be asked for a name for your partition. This is the name of the file that will show up on your directory as type CBM. Name it following the same guidelines you would for any filename. For our demonstration, let's call it 'Partition Demo'. Type that at the prompt and press <RETURN>. Next, you will be asked for the starting track of the partition. Enter the number we found earlier, track 41. Finally, you will be asked for the number of sectors in your partition. You wanted 320 available sectors, so enter that. At this point, don't concern yourself with the 40 sectors for the directory. Magic 128 will take care of it. You did all you had to do when you found the 9 consecutive tracks. Now, and also during entry of this data, the information will be checked for validity. If it is invalid, you will be notified, and will have to start over again. Magic will make sure that what you chose is valid. If you have followed the steps outlined so far, there should be no problem. Page 9 Magic 128 V1.16 by e.g.bell After all of this is done, and checked, the partition will be created on the disk. There is now only one step needed before we can use it. We must format it. BE CAREFUL HERE! Press 9 to request a directory. Just press <RETURN> when asked for a pattern. You will see the files on the disk, including the newly created partition. Now we must 'enter' that partition so we can format it. From the work screen, press the @ key so that you can enter a DOS command. When the cursor is on the top screen line, enter the command: /0:Partition Demo You should see a message at the top of the screen saying something like: 02, selected partition, 41,49 You can consult your 1581 User's Guide (page 78) for the description of the information on this line. The important thing is, we are where we must be now. If you don't see a message like this, stop and try the '/0:...' command again. There is one other test we will try to make SURE we are in the partition and not in the main directory of our disk. Press 9 to ask for a directory, and press <RETURN> when asked for a pattern. You should NOT see ANY FILES or ANY DISK NAME display. You should only see the flashing prompt at the top of the screen telling you to press a key to continue. If you see this, you can continue. Press @ to enter DOS commands, and when the cursor is on the top screen line, enter the following FORMAT command: n0:Demo,p1 and press <RETURN>. This will cause a 'long format' of the partition. When done, you can check the directory, and you will see you have a partition directory named 'Demo' that has 320 blocks available. To return to the main directory, just press the @ key again, and enter i to 'initialize' the drive. A directory now should show you the main disk directory. Try this on a few disks. I think you'll find it very quick, and a world easier than the 'partition.aid' program on the 1581 demo disk. *** DOS Operations You can enter DOS commands in one of several ways from Magic 128. If you press @, 0 or CTRL-g, the box pointer will appear on the user interface line at the top of the screen. Just enter any valid DOS command. Valid DOS Commands {CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y}{CBM-Y} @ or @: or @0: Read Error Channel i or i: or i0: Initialize Drive Page 10 Magic 128 V1.16 by e.g.bell u or u; or u9 Reset Drive v or v: or v0: Validate Diskette s0:file1 [,file2,...] Scratch specified files from Disk r0:newname=oldname Rename oldname to newname c0:filex=file1 [,file2,...] Make copy of file1 called filex - or Concatenate file1 and file2 etc. into filex. [Must be SEQ] n0:disk name Short Format n0:disk name,id Long Format The number keys 1-9 have been predefined to perform certain common DOS functions also. 1 Initialize Drive 6 Rename [On Disk] 2 Identify Drive 7 Copy [Same Drive] 3 Reset Drive 8 Format Disk 4 Validate Disk 9 Disk Directory 5 Scratch [From Disk] 0 DOS Command For example, press 1 to initialize the drive, or 4 to validate the disk. Press 5 to scratch the GRABbed file. Press 6 to rename the GRABbed file. These options all are performed ON THE DISK, not in memory, so use caution. If you press 9, you can get a display of the directory from the drive. To get a full directory, just press RETURN when asked for a pattern. Otherwise, enter the pattern after Pattern :$ on the user interface line. Wildcards are allowed. Directories are done in 2 columns per page of display. To terminate the listing just press the STOP key, then any key to exit to the main Magic 128 screen. Some of the DOS options are also available from the Magic work screen. For example: CTRL-j Reset Drive CTRL-i Initialize Drive CTRL-v Validate Disk *** Renaming a Disk One other DOS type option you have is renaming the diskette. You never actually see the disk name in Magic, except when you display the directory by pressing 9. However, if you press CTRL-x, you will be asked for a new disk name. Enter what you want. The change is *not* made, however, until you write the directory to disk. You CANNOT rename a disk whose directory you haven't read! *** Set Printer Device Number Magic 128 supports some printer functions. For instance, you can get a DUMP of directory specifics. You can also get a DUMP of SEQuential Page 11 Magic 128 V1.16 by e.g.bell or BASIC program files. The default printer number is 4, which you should never have to change, but if you need to change it to 5, the only other allowable setting, press CTRL-p, and enter that. You can change this setting at any time you want. *** Directory to Printer You can get a detailed printer DUMP of the directory in memory if you press CTRL-q. The output is in the same basic format as that of the status line at the bottom of the screen. *** Disk Files to Printer There are file readers in Magic 128 that allow you to DUMP sequential or BASIC files to disk or printer. Simply GRAB the file you want to examine, then press CTRL-e. You will have to make a couple of decisions then.... screen or printer, BASIC/True/Screen/Pet ASCII... Magic 128 does the DUMPs from BANK 1 RAM. The size allowed is just under 63K, or about 250 disk blocks. When you make all your specifications, the file will be loaded into bank 1, then DUMPed from RAM to wherever you requested. If to the screen, youll get a page at a time, and press a key to advance each page. Printer output is continuous. In either case, to quit before the display is complete, just press STOP. If you view the file all the way through, you have the option to process the file again, starting at the top of all the options. However, it will not have to be reloaded. This just makes things a little quicker. *Note!* You cannot read CBM, REL, or DEL type files. *** And Finally... There are some protections in Magic 128, and some conveniences. For instance, as noted above, you must verify certain operations like writes to make sure you really meant to press those keys. If you change your mind after a lot of changes and/or want to start over again, you may press CTRL-o, for Ooops! and the original directory will be restored. Magic 128 will protect a boot sector if there is one on the disk. It preserves the correct BAM bit setting, and if necessary, reallocates it following a VALIDATE command. From the main Magic 128 screen, you can always exit to BASIC by pressing the ESC key, x, or CTRL-x. There are many features and functions in Magic 128 that I didn't cover, or didn't cover as thoroughly. However, the program is menu driven, and HELP is a keypress away. You have enough to use the program. Hope you like it! egb. Page 12 Magic 128 V1.16 by e.g.bell Topic Page Block Allocation Map .......... 8 Block Commands ................ 7 Block Operations .............. 4,6 Boot Sector ................... 12 BURST SUBS.BIN ................ 1 Change File Type .............. 4 Device Number ................. 1,2 DOS Commands .................. 10 Drive Number .................. 1 Drive Reset ................... 2 GEOS .......................... 5 Lock .......................... 2,4-10,12 Move .......................... 3,4,7 Oops .......................... 5,8,12 Partition ..................... 8-10 Printer ....................... 1,12 Rename A Disk ................. 11 Rename ........................ 3,4,11 Scratch ....................... 3-8,11 Separator Bars ................ 6 Sort Files .................... 5 Splat Files ................... 1 Status Line ................... 3,4,6-8,12 Swap .......................... 4 Unlock ........................ 2,5,7 Unscratch ..................... 3,5,8 User Interface Line ........... 2 Validation .................... 5 Work Screen ................... 1,2,3,9-11 Page 13