home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- u<c10>
- <c41>
- <c51>
- <t0>
-
-
-
-
- Mechnical computation - calculating
- values using some automatic or semi-
- automatic device - dates back to pre-
- history with the development of the
- abacus. Pascal invented a wheeled
- adding device, and Leibniz designed a
- simular machine that could perform
- multiplication and division.
-
- But the "Father of Computers" was
- Charles Babbage, who designed what
- would have been the first programmable
- calculating machine.
- <m1>
- \
- \
- <c12>
- Press Key
- <c10>
- <w>
- <t0>
- Babbage's first mechanical
- calculator was the "Differential
- Engine," designed to create tables of
- computations. Differential math uses a
- constant to determine the next value
- of a series. For example:
-
- Value Difference Constant
-
- 1
- 3
- 4 2
- 5
- 9 2
- 7
- 16 2
- 9
-
- Add the Constant to the previous
- Differnce, then add the result to the
- previous Value to get the next square.
- <c12>
- \
- Press Key
- <c10>
- <w>
- <t0>
- His "Analytical Engine" was a much
- more ambitious project, capable of
- reading programs off cards (like the
- Jacquard loom), keeping values in
- memory, processing them in the "mill",
- and outputting results to a linotype
- machine.
-
- Unfortunately, neither "engine" was
- ever completed by Babbage. Until
- recently, the Analytical Engine was
- thought to be too complex for 19th
- Century technology, but a recent
- construction of the machine -- using
- only materials and tools available in
- 1835 -- proved that the design was
- sound. Among other problems,
- labor disputes arose, putting the
- project way over time and budget.
-
- <c12>
- \
- Press Key
- <c10>
- <c20>
- <c3c>
- <w>
- <d5>
- <t3>
- 1791 - 1871
-
- Press Key to go to next story
- <w>
- <q1>
- <c46>
- <c56>
- <c11>
- <t0>
-
-
-
-
-
-
- In 1880, the US Census hit a snag.
- The population, augmented by massive
- immigration, had become so large that
- tabulating the collected information
- took nearly 8 years. And the outlook
- for 1890 did not look any brighter.
- <l1mus2.mus>
- <l3m.4>
- <l5pic2.shp>
- <l0m.3>
- \
- Press Key
- <w>
- <m1>
- <c41>
- <c51>
- <c10>
- <t0>
-
-
- Enter Herman Hollerith, a Census
- Bureau employee, who contemplated the
- problem. A friend told him about how
- train conductors recorded information
- about passengers (sex, age, etc) by
- punching certain areas on their
- tickets.
-
- This method of coding data was not
- unlike the metal cards used on the
- Jacquard looms, which directed the
- weaving of patterns in cloth. Jacquard
- took his cue from paper rolled around
- music box drums to show where to put
- the pins that played each note.
-
- <c12>
- Press Key
- <c10>
- <w>
- <s0>
-
-
-
-