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- RANDOM CRYSTALLIZATION
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-
- Written by: Mark Zimmerman
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- Random Thoughts: Programming,
- Philosphy, and Crystals
- Commodore Microcomputers, October 1985
- Page 110
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- A crystal has a regular arrangement
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- of atoms or molecules, yet it forms
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- from a chaotic melt or solution,
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- where the atoms move around randomly
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- relative to each other. Perfect
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- crystals form slowly. If you try to
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- grow a crystal too fast, defects or
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- dislocations develop. Annealing, a
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- process of slow heating and cooling,
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- can get rid of some defects without
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- having to melt the crystal and start
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- over.
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- To experiment with this little
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- phenomena, you can use the CRYSTALS
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- program on this issue.
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- The program CRYSTALS is a short
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- BASIC program that simulates the
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- motion of atoms in a two-dimensional
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- world. The atoms move in a limited
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- area, surrounded by a solid wall of
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- "frozen" atoms to keep them confined.
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- Atoms tend to stick to each other.
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- They have lower energy if they have
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- neighbors. This stickiness accounts
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- for crystallization. The chance of
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- an atom moving depends on the
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- temperature and the difference of
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- energy before and after the move.
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- Specifically, atoms obey the
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- Boltzmann Law, which says that the
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- chance of an atom moving is
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- proportional to:
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- -(change in energy)/temperature
- e
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- This means that things tend to move
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- "downhill", toward lower energy, with
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- random fluctuations from time to
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- time.
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- CRYSTALS defines the area as a
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- 10x10 grid. The energy of an atom is
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- defined to be -1 for each neighbor it
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- has. An atom with no neighbors has
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- zero energy. One with four neighbors
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- has energy of -4. The user supplies
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- the temperature and the number of
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- atoms (1-99). Once the model is
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- running, an atom is represented by a
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- small dot in the grid. The program
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- will then find a random atom and
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- check its energy for movement. The
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- program will then update the display
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- and continue. If you want to exit to
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- try again or to return to LOADSTAR,
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- simply press a key.
-
-
- *** NOTE ***
- The screen display is not the same
- as that in the magazine. It was
- enhanced by Alan Gardner.
-
-
- This program is copyrighted by
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- Commodore magazine. All rights to it
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- are reserved. LOADSTAR has relieved
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- you from the burden of keying in this
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- program. For more complete
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- information about this program, refer
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- to the October 1985 issue of
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- Commodore Microcomputers magazine.
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-
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- >Files used: CRYSTALS
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- ----------< end of article >----------
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