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Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 151 with a tab, space, or label. Goto commands within sourcefile search for labels in the same sourcefile. Gosub commands within sourcefile access subroutines in the telephone directory accessed by the phones string parameter. EXAMPLE: bud source /usr/bin/caf/bin/callbud This telephone directory entry pat calls a separate script file containing commands to call a secret system. Placing this information in a separate file keeps it out of the main telephone directory file, which might be used on a number of computers. SEE ALSO: gosub command SPeed m Set the transmission speed ("baud rate") to m.[18] If the speed specified is odd, or equal to 110, two stop bits are transmitted; otherwise one stop bit is transmitted. Typical speeds are 110, 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, and 115200 bits per second. EXAMPLE: speed 1200 N.B.: Some older U.S. Robotics modems cannot accept the sustained full speed output ZCOMM is capable of. Using speed 2350 corrects such a problem with the U.S. Robotics Courier 2400. Some 1200 and 2400 bps modems work better (lower error rate) if the speed is set to slightly less than the nominal 1200 or 2400. This also applies to communications networks that cannot accept sustained full speed data, and to serial ports whose raw bit rate clocks are slightly fast. EXAMPLE: speed 1181 Sets the speed to 1181 bits per second with two stop bits. N.B.: Most timesharing minicomputers can send data from their serial ports faster than they can receive. A timesharing port that supports interactive operation at 19200 bps may not tolerate file uploads above 2400 bps. N.B.: Operation at high speeds is affected by the operating system version, device drivers, memory resident software, and the computer's hardware design. Chapter 34 describes common problems __________ 18. This is the DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) speed, the speed at which the computer talks to the modem. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Main Commands Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 152 encountered in high speed operation. The new generation NS16550AN/NS16550FAN serial interface chips with FIFO buffers should be used instead of 8250's or 16450's for best results at high speed. This is imperative if disk caches, special device drivers or TSR programs increase interrupt latency. SEE ALSO: 7e, 7o, 7m, 7s, 8n, 8g term options, handshake command, D numeric parameter split svar Split (parse) string parameter svar into tokens stored in string parameters z0...z9 using one or more of the characters in string parameter ifs ("Internal Field Separator") to separate the tokens. ** EXAMPLE: If string parameter s1 contains "hello there folks" and ifs contains a space and tab, split s1 Assigns "hello" to z0, "there" to z1, and "folks" to z2. EXAMPLE: Let s0 contain "#1234567-This is big-time Parsing", and ifs contain "#1256- ". The command split s0 Assigns "34" to z0, "7" to z1, "This" to z2, "is" to z3, "big" to z4, "time" to z5, and "Parsing" to z6. SEE ALSO: y0...y127 string parameters, I,i,p test conditions, sets command split svar string ... uses one string for each token generated. An empty string ("") assigns the rest of svar to the next token. Otherwise, if tokens remain after the strings are exhausted, ifs is used for parsing the remaining tokens. EXAMPLE: If s0 contains "#1234567-This is ZCOMM Parsing", The command split s0 "-" "" Assigns "#1234567" to z0 and "This is ZCOMM Parsing" to z1. EXAMPLE: If s0 contains "503-621-3746", The command split s0 "-" "-" Assigns "503" to z0, "621" to z1, and "3746" to z2. SEE ALSO: ss command, scripts, Chapter 99 ss svar regular-expression String Split svar according to regular- expression. ** Regular expressions are described in Chapter 26. The entire matched string (if any) is stored in the z0 string parameter. Matched groups are stored in the z1...z9 string parameters. Parameters which do not receive a matched string or substring are (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Main Commands Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 153 set empty. EXAMPLE: If string parameter s0 contains From: Captain Midnight To: HBO Inc. then the command ss s0 "From: (.*) To: (.*)" places "Captain Midnight" in z1 and "HBO Inc." in z2. In this case, z0 will contain the entire contents of s0. SEE ALSO: split command, regular-expressions Chapter 26 st [-options] pathspec Send the files specified in pathspec using the Telink (FIDO) batch Protocol. The pathname, length, and modification time of each file are transmitted. Files which cannot be opened are skipped. An empty pathspec sends all files in the current directory. A directory name expands to all regular files in that directory. If an error aborts a file transmission (retries exhausted, etc.), batch transfers terminate. EXAMPLE: st *.com Sends *.com N.B.: The receiver must be commanded to receive the files. SEE ALSO: Telink protocol, Chapter 13. sum pathspec Checksums the named text files with an alogrithym compatible with sum(1) on Version 7 Unix (sum -r on System III/V, cksum -o 1 on BSD). Carriage returns, and all characters starting with the first instance of CPMEOF (^Z) are excluded. This processing allows comparison of plain ASCII source files stored on the different systems, but not binary files. The checksum is printed in octal, followed by a count of 512 byte blocks and bytes read. EXAMPLE: sum *.c Checksums all C source files in the current directory. SEE ALSO: crc, wc commands sx [-options] file Send a single file using the Ward Christensen XMODEM or XMODEM-CRC protocol. The receiving program may request use of a 16 bit CRC, which is more accurate than the default checksum. DOS/Unix files sent this way will have Control-Z (CPMEOF) garbage characters appended to make the file length a multiple of 128. EXAMPLE: sx foo.com (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Main Commands Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 154 EXAMPLE: sx -k foo.com Sends foo.com using 1024 byte blocks N.B.: The receiver must be commanded to receive the file with an rx filename or rc filename command. SEE ALSO: XMODEM, XMODEM-1k, XMODEM-CRC protocols, Chapter 13. sz [-options] [PREFIX=p | ONAME=x] pathspec Send the files specified in pathspec using ZMODEM Protocol.[19] N.B.: If the remote supports ZMODEM AutoDownload, or accepts rz followed by carriage return as a command to receive files with ZMODEM protocol, only the sz command need be given. Otherwise, the receiver must be commanded to receive the files with an rz command or menu choice. The +, a, b, n, N, r, y, and Z options are sent to the receiving program. Only one of the a, b, or r options may be specified. Only one of the +, n, N, or y options may be specified. Each skipped file is counted as an error as indicated by the e test condition and e numeric parameter. If the q option is used, files skipped as a result of selective file transfers are not counted as errors. The pathname, length, and modification time of each file are transmitted. Files which cannot be opened are skipped. An empty pathspec sends all files in the current directory. A directory name expands to all regular files in that directory. If ONAME=x is given after the options (if any) and before the file name(s), x will be used exactly as given as the COMPLETE destination pathname instead of each file's actual pathname. It is the sender's responsibility to use lower case for x unless the filename is really supposed to be all caps. EXAMPLE: sz -y ONAME=B:/spiked/secret /soviet/sdi/newlaser.doc Results in the destination file secret on drive B: in the /spiked directory. (Destination directories must exist and be writable). If instead PREFIX=p is given after the options (if any) and before the file name(s), p will be added to the destination pathname(s) as a prefix. It is the sender's responsibility to use lower case for p unless the prefix is really supposed to be all caps. __________ 19. The receiver may use the sz command to send files by uploading an sz command with the zcommand command. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Main Commands Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 155 EXAMPLE: sz -y PREFIX=C:/foobaz/ /biff/bam/aardvark.wak Results in the destination file "C:/foobaz/aardvark.wak" EXAMPLE: sz *.com Sends all files with a .com extension. EXAMPLE: sz -r ??log Crash Recovery sends only the new data if the receiver has incomplete versions of these files. EXAMPLE: sz -fn src/*.c src/*.h maildir Sends only newer .c and .h files in the src subdirectory, and all new files in the maildir subdirectory. EXAMPLE: zcommand "sz -fn /bin /wp" commands a remote ZCOMM system in Host Operation (unrestricted) to send all new files in the /bin and /wp directories. EXAMPLE: sz -Yn *.c Sends only newer versions of files that already exist at the destination. EXAMPLE: sz -Rf usera Sends all files in the usera directory and all subdirectories thereof. Directories are not sorted when the R option is used on 16 bit systems. SEE ALSO: ZMODEM protocol, Chapter 13, Options, Chapter 20. szb [-options] [PREFIX=p | ONAME=x] pathspec As above, but "falls back" to YMODEM if the receiver cannot receive files with ZMODEM protocol. Because of the YMODEM fallback, szb is not as error resistant as the sz command. t [-term_options] [capturefile] Invokes the term function for conversational access to the remote. Normally, ZCOMM will remain in the termfunction until the user keyboards F1. If capturefile is specified, any currently opten capture file is closed and capturefile is opened. A file previously opened by "t file" is not closed by a t command given without an argument. EXAMPLE: t file1 Creates file1 to capture data sent by the remote in interactive conversation. SEE ALSO: create command (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Main Commands Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 156 If a file upload begun by an f or open command were in progress, the upload will resume with the t command subject to the g term option. In host operation, "t file" begins data capture, and received characters are not echoed. When the remote sends ETX, EOT, or Ctrl-Z, file is closed and the term function exits. EXAMPLE: t comments.txt<ENTER> jabber ... jabber ... Ctrl-Z Optional termoptions may be enabled to modify the display, storage, or transmission of information. Subcommands available from the term function are explained in Chapter 21. Characters special to the term function are also described in Chapter 21. tcs M N The local display of ASCII characters can be remapped to suit local requirements with the tcs (Terminal Character Set) command, where M is the incoming character (1 to 255) and N is the desired hardware character 1 to 255. EXAMPLE: tcs 91 146 translates the ASCII [ character to the AE character. The command tcs by itself disables these translations but does not reset the translation table. The command tcs 0 resets the entries in the translation table. SEE ALSO: display command timestamp * Iff a capture file is open, write out the circular buffer. Then write a line containing the remote system name, number of characters transmitted from disk, the number of characters received to disk, average characters received per second, [20] the date and time, and the term function status line information (time, options, etc.) to the file and to the display. EXAMPLE: timestamp; echoc "End: %e Errors" Timestamp: vif 0 127857 97/sec 1342:37 07-09-86 01 24 13:42 21:50 28672 2:1200 7e EhjSt >cis0709.tmp Allsig Ends: 0 Errors __________ 20. Since the last call or restime command. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Main Commands Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 157 The character counts are reset when the corresponding files are opened. SEE ALSO: restime, ALT-E commands, E test condition, t string parameter trs svar string1 string2 String1 and string2 are first processed for character escapes. Then translate string variable svar from the character set in string1 into the character set in string2. * Characters in String1 with no corresponding character in String2 are deleted. Characters in svar not appearing in String1 are not modified. The "trs" command may not be used in the body of a "while" command. EXAMPLE: trs s0 "\\{}" "/" Changes backslashes to slashes, and removes "{" and "}" characters. TYPe pathspec Type the specified file(s). This command closes any open transmit file. Type pauses/resumes printing with ^S. Keyboarding ^C or Ctrl-Break cancels, and ^X skips to the next file. <Ctrl-Home> clears the screen without pausing, avoiding scrolling. SEE ALSO: browse, list, page commands, Unix b, bro, typ commands EXAMPLE: type *.txt *.doc unrestrict Prompts for a password and unrestricts ZCOMM if the password exactly matches the contents of the unrestrict string parameter. If unrestrict is empty or the given password does not match in three attempts, the call is immediately terminated. Unrestrict is used in Host Operation by a caller who wishes unrestricted access to ZCOMM's computer to view confidential files or perform maintenance. EXAMPLE: unrestrict Prompts for a password (to match the unrestrict parameter), then allows three tries to enter it correctly. SEE ALSO: Host operation videobios N Sets the video BIOS mode to N. This command is useful for accessing the high resolution super EGA display text modes, such as 100 columns by 75 lines corresponding to high resolution 800x600 displays. The $ and # numeric parameters must be separately set to agree with the new BIOS video mode. The action of the video ROM BIOS to specific values depends on the particular EGA/VGA ROM BIOS used. To support boards using an extended code in the bl register, calculate N = bl + (256 * al). (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Main Commands Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 158 Some codes produce spectacular unpredictable results. This command is restricted, and is available on medium model DOS flavors only. EXAMPLE: videobios 3 Sets BIOS video mode 3 (80x25). SEE ALSO: V and W numeric parameters w Writes the contents of the circular buffer to the capture file. wait [-term_options] Wait activates the term function to search for each pattern that has been defined with the pattern command. If a file has been opened with the create or t file commands, buffer capture continues during the wait command. If a file upload (inititated by an f file command) was in progress, the upload will resume with the wait command subject to the g term option. Script execution resumes when the wait command returns because of a pattern match, timeout, no carrier detect, or keyboarded F1. The wait command's pattern search timeout is effective even if no search patterns have been set with the pattern command. SEE ALSO: pattern, put, putw commands, fN term option wc pathspec Counts lines, words, printing characters, and all characters for the specified files. The totals are then presented. Characters beginning with CPMEOF (^Z) are excluded.[21] The count of printing characters is useful for estimating laser toner and printer ribbon usage. EXAMPLE: wc *.c *.h SEE ALSO: crc, sum commands while condition rest-of-line Scripts must often repeat a command or set of commands while some condition remains true. The while command executes the command(s) on the rest of the line while condition is true. Chapter 27 describes testable conditions. An inadvertently generated while loop may be stopped by keyboarding NUKE (ALT-N). N.B.: The rest of the line must not contain an if command or __________ 21. The line and word counts agree with the Unix word count program, but the character count will differ because of CR characters not stored in most Unix text files. The Unix word count program does not have a count of printing characters. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Main Commands Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 159 semicolons separating commands. While commands may not be nested. EXAMPLE: pat 1 "ogin:"; while !1 put "\r" wait -f1 Repeatedly sends a carriage return until the remote responds with "Login:".[22] EXAMPLE: while "!1&&L<5" put "\r" wait -f1 Works as above, but only tries 5 times. x (eXit) Writes and closes any open files, releases ownership of the serial port, then exits to the operating system without disconnecting the phone line.[23] Exit status is the value of the ? numeric parameter. This command is not allowed if Restricted. xpc ... * The ZCOMMXPC flavor of ZCOMM supports the Tymnet(TM) X.PC link level protocol with the xpc commands. See a following subchapter of Chapter 19 for a more detailed description of the X.PC packet driver and the xpc commands that control it. xy [column] row Place the cursor on the local display specified column and row. The home position corresponds to an xy 1 1 command. Column and row can be string parameters holding numbers. zcommandi COMMAND Send COMMAND with ZMODEM protocol, do NOT wait for command completion. EXAMPLE: zcommandi "!make whoopie" zcommandic COMMAND Process COMMAND for string substitutions and character escapes and send with ZMODEM protocol, do NOT wait for command completion. zcommandw COMMAND Send COMMAND to the remote with ZMODEM protocol. ZMODEM assures an error free command upload. Wait for COMMAND to complete on the remote. Store the command's exit value in the ? numeric parameter, available to the ? test condition. N.B.: With the exception of sz, no command that involves the serial port may be the argument of zcommand. __________ 22. The "L" in "Login" is not searched for on purpose. On Unix systems, the "l" is not always capitalized. 23. On some Unix systems, the operating system may alter the state of the serial port after ZCOMM exits. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Main Commands Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 160 EXAMPLE: zcommandw "sz foo.bar" Causes the remote to send a file with ZMODEM protocol. EXAMPLE: zcommandw "!ls -l | sz -a -" Causes a remote Unix system to send a file containing a directory listing to ZCOMM. As a special case, zcommandw with an empty command fetches the remote's disk file system free character count. This quantity is then available to the R test condition. EXAMPLE: zcommandw ""; if "R>10000" sz hugefile Fetches the free disk space from the remote, and sends hugefile if the destination's free space is greater than 10000 kilobytes. zcommandwc COMMAND Process COMMAND for string substitutions and character escapes and send with ZMODEM protocol, wait for command completion. zmodem Used as a prefix to the p command to select the "zmodem" parameters, or by itself to select the ZMODEM protocol for commands which operate in a choice of protocols depending on past history. EXAMPLE: zmodem !!sz *.* Uses ZMODEM to send a command to the remote machine to send all the files in its current directory. _ Enter a diagnostic routine that prints information about each keystroke entered. Keyboarding LF (Ctrl-Enter) exits the _ (underscore) command. When a key is struck, the scancode, modified scancode, and the shift state are displayed in decimal. The modified scancode is either the raw scancode as returned by the BIOS or 224 added to the ZCOMM internal code iff the raw scancode equals 224. The ZCOMM internal code for the key (usually the ASCII value) is displayed in octal. This command may be used for exploring keyboard encoding and preparing alternate keyboard mappings for use with the mk command. SEE ALSO: mk command ![%][~]command Invoke the local operating system to execute command (either a program or a DOS built-in command) as a subprogram. A leading % (percent sign) processes Command for string parameter substitutions. See Chapter 19.5 for details on DOS Gateways and Unix Shell Escapes. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Main Commands Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 161 !!host-command Sends the rest of the line (after !!) to a remote ZMODEM program or Kermit server for execution on the server machine. host-command is not processed for string parameters. This is a convenient alternative to remote host host-command-string particularly if host-command contains spaces. label: A label begins at the first column and ends with a colon. One or more commands may appear on the same line separated from the label by white space. A label may have the same name as a directory entry provided the directory entry appears first in the script file. N.B.: a label differs from a directory entry, which doesn't end with a colon. When ZCOMM encounters the next directory entry in script processing, an automatic "return" is performed. EXAMPLE: if 1 goto cond1 echo "Pattern 1 not matched" cond1: echo "processing continues" foosys speed 2400 666-1234 t :comment A colon as first character in a command causes the rest of the command line to be ignored. This is also useful for "commenting out" commands in script files. EXAMPLE: : this line does nothing at all ; Semicolon is a command delimiter which may be used in place of RETURN to place multiple commands on a line. Since commands such as echo, set, sb, pattern, list, and type take an indefinite number of operands, the semicolon must be used to string such commands together. EXAMPLE: sb *.c; off Batch transmits all *.c files, then puts the modem on hook and exits to DOS. Semicolon is not a command delimiter if it is escaped by a backslash or if it appears within a quoted string. EXAMPLE: pat 0 ";" Sets pattern 0 to search for a semicolon. Commands that take a fixed number of arguments may be strung together without a semicolon unless otherwise noted. EXAMPLE: port 1 speed 1200 <file Redirects input used by the command prompt and review function. When reading input from file, certain characters are special: (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Main Commands Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 162 ~ Accept the next character verbatim. | Sleep for one second. '' Double quote echoes succeeding characters to the display with highlighting until the next double quote is encountered. On end of file, a ^U is returned and input reverts to the keyboard. The file rev on the demonstration disk is a typical file which might be used with the < command. >[>]outfile Redirects output from succeeding utility commands and debug output (if the v numeric parameter is non zero) to outfile. Capture from the circular buffer is also enabled, but there is no automatic writing of the circular buffer to the file on close. >>outfile appends to outfile. The output redirection is canceled by the close command or by > without a filename. DOS predefined device names such as "prn" may be used. The syntax of ZCOMM's redirection differs from that used by DOS and UNIX. ZCOMM's output must be redirected before the command(s) are given, and the redirection stays in effect until explicitly canceled. ZCOMM's command prompt is not redirected. EXAMPLE: bdump file0 kill >file1 dump file0 close Dumps the contents of the modem input buffer to file0. Output is then redirected to file1 and contents of file0 are displayed in side by side hex/ascii format. Note that the create and t filename commands do not redirect utility command output to the file. 19.1 Function Key Commands Some function keys are recognized at the command prompt. Function key commands may not be mixed with any other character. For example, keyboarding "t PgUp" elicits an error bell. Some scrips redefine the function keys. The standard assignments may be restored with a gosub setup command. F2 From the command prompt, F2 enters term function. SEE ALSO: t [file] command (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Function Key Commands Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 163 Up Select the previous command in the command stack for reentry. Down Select the next command in the command stack for reentry. Home,PgUp,End Enter the review function. F3...F10 Function keys F3 to F10 are programmed by set commands in the "setup" directory in the distributed telephone directory. The key definitions in PHODIR.t may be modified or removed at your discretion. F3 Receives files with YMODEM protocol, or XMODEM. [24] F4 Invokes TurboLearn Script Writer(TM) to record keystrokes and computer dialog, then generates a script using this information. If ZCOMM is not currently connected to a system, the script called by F4 prompts the user for telephone number, baud rate, and parity. When recording is finished, the script prompts for a pathname to store the completed TruboDial script in. F5 On Unix systems, begin background operation and issue a sub shell for the user. ZCOMM operation proceeds with screen output suppressed. If ZCOMM should require keyboard input before the user returns, ZCOMM waits for the user to return. F6 Prompts for a file name, then receives that file with the XMODEM- CRC protocol. ZCOMM will revert to the basic XMODEM protocol after a few timeouts if the sender does not support CRC-16. F7 Prompts for a file name, then transmits that file with XMODEM protocol. If the file name includes wildcard characters, or if more than one file name is given, or if a directory name is given, YMODEM protocol will be used. F8 Generates and transmits a password based on the called system's name and the string parameter xpassword. * This command is valid only when called from the term function. F9 Calls a script to add a new system entry to the Telephone Directory. The script prompts for a system name, and checks for duplications with entries currently in the Phone Directory. The script prompts for comments which will display when that system is called. Speed and parity are then prompted for, and the entry is __________ 24. ZCOMM generates a file name if the sending program does not provide one. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Function Key Commands Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 164 added to the end of the Phone Directory. F10 Invokes the "help" command or help processor. Shift-F1 List the Phone directory. Shift-F2 Search Phone Directory for system names matching user supplied string. Shift-F3 List voice calls in the Phone Directory. Shift-F4 Disconnect the modem from telephone line (hang it up). Shift-F5 Prompt for a system name and add a command to call it to the circular dialing queue. List the queue contents. Shift-F6 Run (execute) the circular dialing queue. The following function keys are valid at the main command prompt, from the term function, and from the review function. Ctrl-Home Resets display modes and clears the screen. ALT-1 Prompt for a command to be executed by the operating system, then execute it. EXAMPLE: ALT-1 DOS Command: dir/w ALT-2 Prompt for a ZCOMM command, then execute it. EXAMPLE: ALT-2 YAM Command: speed 115200 ALT-C Writes the circular buffer to disk and closes any open send or receive file(s). ZCOMM complains if no files were open. SEE ALSO: close command ALT-D Lists the current directory of the default disk. SEE ALSO: dirr command ALT-M Toggles keyboard mapping. SEE ALSO: display mapkb command, N numeric parameter ALT-R Enter the review function. SEE ALSO: review command (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Function Key Commands Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 165 ALT-S Displays status on the local screen only, even if ZCOMM is in host operation. SEE ALSO: s command ALT-U Toggles Upper case conversion of keyboard and file characters sent with the term function ( t, f, F2 commands). The answerback and programmed strings are not affected. Protocol file transfers are not affected. The u term option is reset by the call command. SEE ALSO: u mode ALT-W Writes the circular buffer to the receive file. Equivalent to the main w command. SEE ALSO: w command F1...FA10 etc. The Soft Keys can be programmed (with "set" commands) either to send a string of characters to the remote or to invoke a ZCOMM command sequence. Iff the string begins with "@", the remainder of the string is treated as a ZCOMM command. No strings are sent to the remote from the command prompt or from the review function. The soft keys can be changed for each remote system or different application programs, with set commands embedded in the appropriate telephone directory entry. The ALT-K key displays the strings assigned to these keys. There are 48 soft keys, f1 to f12,fs1 to fs12,fc1 to fc12,fa1 to fa12, plus some of the cursor keys. ( fs1 is obtained by Shift-F1. fc1 is obtained by Ctrl-F1. fa1 is obtained by Alt-F1.) In addition, the cursor keys may be reassigned to send strings to the remote when in the term function. To list them, set the v (verbose) parameter non zero ("pv1"), then give a "set" command. Most soft keys have names beginning with f, and are described in Chapter 25. 19.2 Browse Command BROwse pathspec browses through the specified files. If pathspec is empty, all files are presented. For each matched pathname, the filename, date, and length are displayed. The status line displays some of the possible (one letter) commands. EXAMPLE: >>>c:bro *.c CFLOW.C 13:18:10 02-25-86 6072 ? app, back, copy, Del, mv, next, page, sz, S, quit, {rR}ead, view, !, @ (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Browse Command Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 166 a, A Prompts for a pathname and then appends the current file to it. Both DOS and CP/M format files are handled correctly. The A choice then deletes the file. b Backs up to the previous file. Browse will not back up past a deleted or renamed file. c prompts for a target pathname. The resulting DOS command copy file target is executed by a copy of COMMAND.COM. Target may include the switches available with the DOS copy command. The pathnames given must be legal for DOS, with \ separating directories from filenames.[25] EXAMPLE: c Copy to: a: SEE ALSO: "HINT" below D Deletes the file. SP, CR skip to the next file. r, R The R subcommand first kills the circular buffer. Then read the file (or as much as will fit) into the circular buffer, then call the review function. The review function subcommands can be used to page back and forth through the file, write portions of the buffer to files, and so on. If review is exited with the file still open, browse closes it. This subcommand is not available if Restricted. SEE ALSO: review function n Sends the file with the ZMODEM n option (send file only if the source is newer than the destination). S sends the selected file with XMODEM protocol. The user must start an XMODEM receive on the other machine. s sends the selected file with ZMODEM or YMODEM Protocol and 1kb packets. If the other program has ZMODEM AutoDownload enabled (Z mode) the file transmission will be automatic. Otherwise, the user must start a YMODEM or ZMODEM receive on the other machine. The s and S subcommands are useful when issued by a remote caller browsing through files in a directory. __________ 25. Unless the DOS SWITCHAR has been changed to "/". (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Browse Command Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 167 t Tail reads the tail of the file into the circular buffer and displays the last 24 lines. Q, X Quit ends the file list. X is provided for the convenience of users accustomed to the wash and sweep programs. V, Ctrl-V View the file, whether it is a regular or SQueezed file. ! prompts for a DOS command and then attempts to execute it. Some DOS commands that might be useful are rename, del, print, move, emacs, mince, edlin, chkdsk, and chmod. When entering the DOS command, a keyboarded % is replaced by the pathname of the currently selected file. Please refer to the ! command for details and caveats. EXAMPLE: !emacs % calls EMACS to edit the selected file. @ Prompts for a ZCOMM command, and then executes that command as if it had been entered at the main command prompt. The @ subcommand should not be used for any command that involves file names. EXAMPLE: @display vt100 * Any other letter redisplays the file information and repeats the prompt. After the file list is exhausted, ZCOMM prints the free storage remaining on the default disk. HINT: Use a directory command to change the order in which the files are presented for the browse command. For example, assume we have a directory src on drive c: (hard disk) and a floppy drive F: with a scratch disk inserted. The command sequence dirt f: browse c:/src displays each file in the src directory beginning with the newest. Typing c tells ZCOMM you want to copy the file. When ZCOMM asks for the filename, just hit <CR> and the file is copied. (The resulting command to command.com is "COPY c:/src/file"). This sequence may be used to "clean up" a directory. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Browse Command Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 168 19.3 DOS Gateway A "Shell Escape" or "DOS Gateway" executes a DOS COMMAND (a program or command) as a subroutine. If the first non white-space character of the line is !, the entire line, less the !, is executed as a DOS command, as if it were typed to DOS in the absence of ZCOMM. If the ! command is not the first command on the line, the command string must conform to ZCOMM's rules pertaining to strings. DOS Gateways are not allowed if ZCOMM is RESTRICTED. If the next character is % the rest of the command is processed for string substitutions. EXAMPLE: !whereis thebeef.* Uses the public domain WHEREIS.COM program to find certain files on the hard disk. EXAMPLE: !dir >foo Generate a directory listing, with output redirected by DOS to foo. The command line keys !dir keys displays the soft keys, executes a DOS "dir" command without arguments, and then displays the soft keys again, while the command line !dir keys calls DOS to print directory information for the file keys. Before executing a ! command, ZCOMM restores the modem port's Interrupt Service Routine's previous interrupt vector and interrupt enable bits. ZCOMM also synchronizes the BIOS display driver. After return from the DOS command, ZCOMM enables DTR, the ISR vector, interrupts on the modem port, and resumes direct control of the display. If the command name begins with "%" (per cent sign) the remainder of the command string is processed for string substitution (but not character escapes). EXAMPLE: set s0 this.txt !%mv %s0 bakdir If the command name (after an optional leading "%") begins with ~ (tilde), ZCOMM does NOT restore the modem port's Interrupt Service Routine's previous interrupt vector and interrupt enable bits. The called program may then access the modem with the ROM BIOS interrupt hex 14, which is mapped to ZCOMM's modem service routines during the execution of the !~ command. When the modem is accessed this way, incoming characters are buffered in ZCOMM's interrupt buffer, preventing loss of characters when scrolling above 300 bits per second. Unlike the ROM BIOS routines (which are a compromise to allow driving serial printers), the ZCOMM (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 DOS Gateway Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 169 int 14h handler does not depend on the state of DSR or CTS. This interface allows other programs to perform specialized functions, such as graphic screen operation or special CRT terminal emulation. One such program is COMSH.EXE available on Compuserve's Programmers' Special Interest Group (GO PCS-158).[26] EXAMPLE: !~comsh The ZCOMM BIOS EMULATOR replacing the int 14h modem service routine accepts the standard BIOS INT 14h functions encoded in the AH register as described in the IBM Technical Reference Manual. Since the modem port is selected by ZCOMM, the DX register is ignored. The character ready status bit reflects whether ZCOMM's modem interrupt buffer has one or more characters waiting. The !~ command uses special logic to allow programs to exit gracefully when carrier detect is lost. If the command contains a space but none of the ^ < > or | characters, DOS ZCOMM attempts to execute the command with the Microsoft C spawnvp() function, which returns the program's exit status to the ? test condition. Otherwise, or if the Microsoft C spawnvp() failed, ! commands are interpreted by DOS's COMMAND.COM; This kluge will go away when Microsoft's rokcet scientests learn how to write a command.com that executes commands and properly returns the exit status. Batch files and built-in commands may be invoked as well as programs. Some useful DOS built-in commands are rename, copy, date, and time. Caution should be exercised with commands that affect disk files if ZCOMM has files open at the time. Programs that remain resident in low memory (such as spoolers) should NOT be invoked from ZCOMM unless they are already resident, as memory would become fragmented. Invoking the DOS "print" command (if print isn't already resident) has caused DOS to crash when ZCOMM exits. Memory available for !command will be less than when the command is given directly to DOS without ZCOMM running. The command "!chkdsk" will display the amount of memory available for subprograms. NOTE: Some commands under some conditions may cause DOS to crash immediately, after more commands are given, or when the user attempts to return to DOS, especially if insufficient memory is available. __________ 26. COMSH supports graphic images transmitted by Compuserve's Weather Radar service. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 DOS Gateway Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 170 The EXEC functions of nonstandard operating systems are notorious sources of interesting debugging experiences. If DOS fails to execute COMMAND.COM, (actually, the program specified in COMSPEC), the message Shell Escape DOS error return = N is displayed. The usual DOS error returns are 1002,1005,1008,1010, and 1011, which are the DOS error return values + 1000: 2 File not found (COMMAND.COM) 5 Access Denied 8 Insufficient memory 10 Invalid environment 11 Invalid format Return values less than 1000 are returned by the application but are lost by current versions of COMMAND.COM. The return value is saved in the ? numeric parameter and may be tested with the ? test condition. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 19 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 171 20. Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Options modify the way the protocol file transfer commands send and receive files. They are reset before each command line. The a, b, r and rr options are mutually exclusive. With ZMODEM, a b option given to the sender or receiver will override any a option. The +, c, r, rr, N, n, p, and y options are mutually exclusive. The Y option may be followed by the c, +, r, n, or N option. Specifying these options to the receiver overrides the ZMODEM sender's specification of these options. The DOS append command interferes with some of these options. + When receiving to a file already on disk, append the new data to the file. If the specified file does not exist, it is created. This option is not allowed if ZCOMM is Restricted. EXAMPLE: rc -+ evrybody.dat When sending files with ZMODEM, the + option commands the receiver to append to a file already on the receiver's disk. EXAMPLE: sz -+ ONAME=master.log *.log sends all .log files in the current directory to be appended to master.log on the receiver's computer. NOTE: Append (+) is not the same as crash recovery (-r). Append is used to concatenate (add) new data to an existing file. The resulting file contains both old and new data. NOTE: If an append (+) file transfer is interrupted and restarted, data may be duplicated. SEE ALSO: r option 7 Strip data to 7 bits for file transfers with the Kermit protocol. Program executables and other 8 bit binary files cannot be sent this way. In the absence of the 7 option ZCOMM transfers all 8 bits of each byte. If the communications line is set to 8 bits no parity, the 8th bit is transmitted, otherwise ZCOMM requests 8th bit quoting. NOTE: The 7 option is distinct from the 7e and 7o term options. a (ASCII) The a option applies to files received with XMODEM, YMODEM, or ZMODEM protocol. It converts newlines not preceded by CR to CR/LF pairs. NULL, RUBOUT, and all characters in each packet beginning with Ctrl-Z are excluded. The a option is useful when receiving text files without carriage returns directly from Unix (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 172 systems. When sending with ZMODEM, the a option instructs the receiver to convert text files to the conventions used in its operating environment. When sending to VAX/VMS rz this selects CR carriage control variable length record format. The a option does not apply to the Kermit, sx, or sb commands. Files transferred with the a option cannot be processed with the ZMODEM r (recover/resume) option. EXAMPLE: rc -a program.c receives program.c and converts end of lines to CR/LF. b (Binary) With ZMODEM, inhibits the receiver from translating the file contents. If either the ZMODEM sender or receiver specifies b option, any contrary requests will be ignored. EXAMPLE: sz -b program.exe c With ZMODEM, change the file name to prevent collision if the destination file exists. The receiving program must support the ZMODEM c option or file disposition will be undefined. The form of the invented (changed) filename is implementation dependent. Use CRC-16 with the rx, rt, and r7 commands. e Normally, ZMODEM senders escape XON, XOFF, Ctrl-P, CR-@-CR, and Ctrl-X, and ZMODEM receivers ignore XON and XOFF. The e option escape all control characters when sending files with the ZMODEM protocol. In 7-bit environments, the e option also escapes RUBOUT (7F).[1] This option is useful when operating with brain damaged data PBX systems and other types of "front ends". SEE ALSO: zmtxesc, zmrxesc string parameters E With ZMODEM-90, force 8th bit encoding even if the transmission medium appears to support 8 bits.[2] f Send the full pathname as specified (exclusive of disk identifier) when using a batch send command. Normally only the file name __________ 1. In 7-bit environments, ZMODEM always escapes FF. 2. Not featured in DSZ.COM. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 173 portion (without any directory prefix) is transmitted. The f option applies to batch file transmission with the kermit sb, sb, send, and sz commands. EXAMPLE: cd /src; sz -f robot/r2d2.h sends the file with the pathname robot/r2d2.h. EXAMPLE: sz -f /src/robot/vox/3tpi0.* SEE ALSO: PREFIX=p flag for the sb and sz commands. F Insert a pause after each transmitted data subpacket transmitted with ZMODEM. This is useful in certain situations when conventional flow control methods are unavailable, ineffective, or unreasonably slow (i.e., "broken"). The length of pause is set by the zmodem F numeric parameter. EXAMPLE: sz -F honker.dat SEE ALSO: zmodem F numeric parameter g Given to the receiving program, the g option to the rb command allows the sender and receiver to dispense with acknowledging each transmitted packet when using YMODEM batch transfers. YMODEM-g increases throughput when the transmitting medium itself (direct connection, X.PC session, or error correcting modems) provides error free transmission. The transmitting medium can use XOFF and XON to enforce flow control. If the transmitting medium does not enforce flow control,[3] the user must insure the receiver is not overrun. ZCOMM on a PC or XT accepts data at 9600 bps without flow control when the file is being written to a hard disk or ramdisk.[4] If an error is detected when the g option is used, the transfer is aborted. EXAMPLE: rb -g __________ 3. X.PC automatically enforces end to end flow control. 4. Provided no memory resident programs or special drivers hog CPU cycles. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 174 The g option may also be used with the rx command to receive files from Qmodem's G protocol. i With YMODEM or ZMODEM, instructs the receiver to write file(s) in stream oriented Image format. When sending to the VAX/VMS version of rz, the i option selects Stream_LF record format. Stream_LF preserves the exact contents of binary files read by VMS C programs. Stream_LF is useful for file servers and archives that service PCs, as well as C programs on VMS itself. (Without the i option, the VMS rz default is 512 byte fixed length record format.) I With YMODEM or ZMODEM, instructs the receiver to write file(s) in variable length binary record Image format. When sending to the VAX/VMS version of rz, the i option selects Variable length (mrs=510) binary record format. Certain programs such as Kermit32 understand this binary record format better than Stream_LF. k Use 1024 byte (1K) packets with the sb and sx commands. The default packet length is 128. This increases throughput when the speed is high relative to the response times of the communications channel and the computers. The k option is useful with 9600 or 19200 bps transfers with directly connected timesharing systems. The k option may not work properly uploading to some systems, particularly heavily loaded or poorly implemented timesharing systems at high speeds. The k option is valid only when sending to ZCOMM, Unix rb, or other compatible programs. If the file length is not a multiple of 1024, the remainder of the file will be sent with 128 byte blocks. This option does not affect Kermit transfers. EXAMPLE: sb -k *.c *.h With the sz command, the k option forces an initial 1024 byte subpacket length. EXAMPLE: sz -k *.c *.h K Use 4096 byte (4k) packets with the sb and sx commands. The default packet length is 128. This increases throughput when the speed is high relative to the response times of the communications channel and the computers. The K option is useful with 9600 or 19200 bps transfers with directly connected timesharing systems. The K option may not work properly uploading to some systems, particularly heavily loaded or poorly implemented timesharing systems at high speeds. The K option is valid only when sending to compatible programs. If the file length is not a multiple of 4096, the remainder of the file will be sent with shorter blocks. This option is useful when working with non-ZMODEM programs that support the "XMODEM 4k" (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 175 protocol, and for settling arguments. EXAMPLE: sb -K *.c *.h l Force pathnames that are all uppercase to lower case. This option is reset by the call command. This option is ignored on DOS and OS/2 flavors of ZCOMM. m (ZMODEM-90) Activate MobyTurbo(TM) for maximum throughput on compressed files sent over completely transparent connections. MobyTurbo can be used over links that support YMODEM-g. MobyTurbo can not be used with most forms of software flow control or over networks that reserve control characters. The m option can be given to either the sending or receiving ZMODEM-90 program. Likewise MobyKermit(TM) increases the speed of Kermit file transfers. Unlike ZMODEM, the Kermit m option can only be given to the sending program. Some Kermit programs do not work with the m option. M Locks out MobyTurbo even if the other program has given the m option. This option is useful if the transmission path does not support complete transparency. The Kermit receive M option causes unprefixed control characters to be ignored. This is useful in certain environments that insert spurious characters into Kermit packets. n (ZMODEM) Each file is transferred if the corresponding destination file does not exist, or if the source file is newer. The n option can be given with either the sz or rz commands. This option is not allowed if the receiver is Restricted. EXAMPLE: sz -n *.* attempts to send all files in the current directory. Only those files that do not exist in the destination directory, and those for which the source is newer will be sent. N (ZMODEM) Transfer the file if the corresponding destination file does not exist, or if the source file is newer or longer. The N option be used with the sz and rz commands. This option is not allowed if the receiver is Restricted. EXAMPLE: sz -N *.* p (ZMODEM) Protect destination file; bypass this file if it already exists on the destination system. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 176 P (ZMODEM-90) When transferring files over 7 bit paths, pack 4 8-bit bytes into 5 7-bit bytes for transmission instead of quoting the 8th bit.[5] This increases transmission speed on compressed files. q (Quiet) suppresses block by block status line update during Kermit and X/YMODEM file transfers. Also prevents skipped files from incrementing the e numeric parameter and e test condition. r (ZMODEM) Resume/Recover an interrupted file transfer with the ZMODEM protocol. May be given with either the sz or rz commands. The r option may be used to resume the transmission of a long file after a disconnect or power loss, without having to start over at the beginning of the file. The r option may also be used when the source file grows from time to time and only the incremental portion needs to be sent. The r option assumes that the contents of the destination file are identical to the corresponding beginning portion of the source file. The r option should not be applied to a file that has been modified by the a option. This option is not allowed if the receiver is Restricted. EXAMPLE: sz -r hugefile.lst SEE ALSO: zmodem c numeric parameter For convenience, the r option can be specified on all files if desired, even those that have not been interrupted during a transfer. However, if you do make the r option the default with adlopts you could inadvertently overwrite valuable data with unrelated data from a random file with the same file name. The "ZMODEM Crash Recovery at NNNN" message may not appear when performing Crash Recovery on very short files. rr As above, but the files are compared by taking a 32 bit CRC on the contents before deciding on whether to start a fresh transfer. EXAMPLE: sz -rr maybenewer.lst With the -rr option, all of the files are compared or transmitted by default. The number of bytes used in the comparison may be restricted by setting the zmodem R numeric parameter to a number between 2048 and 32000 (1 billion on 32 bit flavors). __________ 5. Not supported in DSZ.COM. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 177 EXAMPLE: zmodem pR20000 R Recursively descend directories specified in wild cards when expanding file names. EXAMPLE: sz -Rf src Sends the files in the src directory and its subdirectories (R option), and transmits the full relative pathname (f option). Generally, the f option is used whenever the R option is used. SEE ALSO: f option s SlugBait modifies the logic of ZMODEM sending to detect and report attempts at evading accountability for receiving files. Such attempts are flagged with a Q status in the log of sent files. SlugBait adds a slight delay to file transmission, and a transfer that is cut off at the very end of file may very infrequently be reported with Questionable instead of ERROR status. S When sending file(s) with ZMODEM, interrogate the receiving program for its serial number. S option terminates when a serial number is received or when the call command is given. Receiving file(s) with YMODEM or ZMODEM from programs providing a serial number also provides the other program's serial number. The serial number received is listed by the performance log. t Enter the term function after file transfer(s) complete. The t option should not be used in commands given from within the term function, either directly or with soft key definitions. u Unlink (remove, delete) the file after it has been sent with the sz command. Users should not manually skip or abort transfers when this option is used. v View the data being transmitted or received. Only correct data is displayed. Viewing standard ASCII files does not interfere with correct transmission at high speeds, although throughput may be degraded. The output may be redirected to a capture file or DOS device with the > or >> command. Unless output is redirected, this option must not be used when ZCOMM is in Host Operation. When invoking Unix ZCOMM as xyam, rz, sz, rb, sb, rx, or sx, creates a logging file with information useful for debugging purposes. More v's create more detailed debugging information. SEE ALSO: v numeric parameter, LOGFILE environment variable (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 178 wN Use a window size of N bytes with the sz command, overriding the zmodem w numeric parameter. If N is missing, use a ZMODEM window size of 4096 bytes. SEE ALSO: Flow Control Chapter 14, zmodem w numeric parameter WN Request the sending program to use a window size of N bytes, overriding the sender's window size setting, 4096 bytes if N is missing.[6] y Yes it is OK to replace a file already on disk when receiving a file. If absent, the operator is given a choice of appending to the current file (a), erasing it (y) or aborting (n). This option is not allowed if ZCOMM is Restricted. When sending with ZMODEM, commands the receiver to replace a file on its disk. Y (ZMODEM) Transfer only those files for which a file with the same pathname exists at the destination, overwriting the destination files. The Y option may be followed by other ZMODEM options to further qualify the selection of files to transfer. This option is not allowed if ZCOMM is Restricted. EXAMPLE: sz -Yn *.* If the source directory contains files A, B, and C, each dated today, and the destination directory contains B and C, with B a week old and C dated today, only B will be sent. zT Use T minutes behind GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) as the local timezone instead of the z parameter value for the file(s) transferred with this command. EXAMPLE: sb -k -z300 ESTfile sends ESTfile corrected for creation in Eastern Standard Time. Z Transmit files with compression. The ZMODEM receiver must indicate its ability to decompress received files for this option to take effect. When sending between Unix systems, files are compressed with 12 bit Lempel-Ziv compression. Otherwise, packets are transmitted with Run Length Encoding. Over slow channels, compression increases the transmission speed of __________ 6. The W option is supported when receiving files from ZMODEM-90(TM) program versions after Jan 21 1990. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Protocol File Transfer OPTIONS Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 179 compiler listings, screen dumps, etc. by up to 50 per cent. LZW compression is more effective on more types of data than RLE compression. Some files, including the Personal Computing Magazine ASCII Test File, speed up by more than an order of magnitude with either RLE or LZW compression. Heavily encrypted data and compressed files, including ARC and ZOO archives, do not benefit from ZMODEM compression. The situation with fast compressed modems is more complex. The benefits of ZMODEM compression will depend on the particular application; try the transfers with and without ZMODEM compression to determine the most efficient options. (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 20 Term Function Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition ZCOMM User Manual 180 21. TERM FUNCTION Interactive conversation with the remote is controlled by the term function. The term function provides the conversational link between the keyboard, display, printer, and the remote computer. ZCOMM's term function also controls the capture of data from the remote, "non- protocol" sending of files and commands, and recognition of the remote's responses (pattern searches). The term function is entered by the F2, f, put, putw, t and wait commands, and by the rx and sx commands when the t term option is used. The term function receives characters from the remote computer. Received characters are displayed on the screen, printed, searched, or trigger Kermit and ZMODEM AutoDownloads(TM). By default, the parity bit is stripped. This provides intelligible output talking to a wide variety of systems. If you need to display the IBM ling drawing characters or BBS graphics, you must use the 8g term option. EXAMPLE: t -8g Once you are online, the 8g term option can be selected by toggling parity with the ALT-P key described below. Normally, the term function acts upon keyboarded characters immediately. If the term function is sending a string with the put or putw commands, or if the keyboard has been locked with the kbdlock command, keystrokes are not drained from the keyboard buffer. If ANSI KAM (Keyboard Action Mode) escape sequence has been received, keystrokes are discarded with a bleep of the bell. Normal ASCII printing and control characters are sent to the remote. Some keys may be redefined with the set command. NUKE (ALT-N) returns control to the main command prompt. The term function returns to its caller when an F1 or ALT-X key is struck. A carrier detect loss during a pattern search or a satisfied search[1] cause the term function to return. Counting the error count (e numeric parameter) UP TO 0 makes the term function return. An ETX or EOT received from the remote when q term option is on also does the trick. Finally, an EOF on a file uploaded with x term option, or a match on a file uploaded with X term option makes the term function __________ 1. Unless the c modifier was used (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 21 Term Function