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Text File | 1995-03-21 | 66.3 KB | 1,771 lines |
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- Chuck Forsberg
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- User Manual for
- ZCOMM
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- Universal Line Printer Edition
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- ZCOMM Communications Software
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- Featuring
- TurboLearn(TM) Script Writer,
- Cybernetic Data Recovery(TM), Error Containment(TM),
- and
- OverThruster(TM)
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- User Supported Communications Software Tools
-
-
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- User Manual for
- ZCOMM
- Universal Line Printer Edition
-
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- Copyright 1994 Omen Technology Inc
- All Rights Reserved
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- Omen Technology Incorporated
-
- The High Reliability Software
-
- Box 4681 Portland Oregon 97208
- VOICE: 503-621-3406 :VOICE
- TeleGodzilla BBS: 621-3746
- Compuserve:70007,2304 GEnie:CAF BIX:cforsberg
- caf@omen.com
- Copyright 1984, 1994 Omen Technology INC All Rights Reserved
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- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 0
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- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 2
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- 1. INTRODUCTION
-
- ZCOMM
- Industrial Stength Communications Shareware(TM)
-
- #---------------------------------------------------------------------#
- # Professional-YAM Copyright 1991 Omen Technology INC #**
- # #**
- # ZMODEM RECEIVE #**
- # #**
- # File pcmagc.dmp 1 of 5 #**
- # #**
- # Current 43520 of 43520 Total 43520 of 999879 #**
- # #**
- # This ################################################## #**
- # 0------------------------50------------------------100% #**
- # Total ##- #**
- # State START FILENAME COMPARE DATA CORRECTING FINISH WAIT #**
- # Throughput 8704 Retries 0 Time left 2 min #**
- # Connect ET 13:09 Time 13:18 Modem status #**
- # #**
- # #**
- # Packet LEN 43520 TRANSPORT COMPRESSED DATA BINARY #**
- # Subpkt LEN 512 Window SIZ #**
- # ALT-F Cancel File ALT-B Cancel Batch #**
- # #**
- #---------------------------------------------------------------------#**
- ************************************************************************
-
- 38kbps ZMODEM-90(TM) file download from a Unix system. ZMODEM-90(TM)
- compression yields 87kbps effective speed on the[1] PC Magazine
- Compressible File Benchmark. When PC Magazine tested communications
- programs with ZMODEM, the fastest transfer they remember seeing was a
- wimpy 38.58 kilobits/sec from Hyper/Access/5, not the 87 kilobits/sec
- shown above. That's what happens when you don't look at the manual!
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- ZCOMM helps collect, control, and transmit information with a minimum
- of time, hassle, and expense. Concise commands and unobtrusive
- displays facilitate telecommunications instead of distracting.
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- When it comes to file transfers, just remember who wrote YMODEM and
- ZMODEM. Two decades of telecommunications knowledge are distilled in
- ZCOMM.
-
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- __________
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- 1. Page 159, April 30 1991 PC Magazine. File obtained from PC
- Magazine with permission.
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- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 1 Introduction
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- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 3
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- State of the Art File Transfers
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- "ZMODEM is the overall winner"
- -BYTE Magazine, Feb 1989
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- "Professional-YAM showed the fastest file transfer times"
- -PC Magazine, 1991
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- Two decades of communications experience are distilled in ZCOMM.
- ZCOMM transfers files quickly and surely under real world conditions,
- not just across tabletops. Unsolicited customer testimonials
- chronicle accurate file transfers under conditions that crash other
- programs, thanks to Omen Technology's Cybernetic Data Recovery(TM)
- logic enhancements and rigorous stress testing.
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- How often has your modem disconnected when you were within a few bytes
- of finishing a long, expensive file transfer? With ZMODEM-90(TM) you
- can resume the transfer from where you were cut off, without wasted
- time or extra phone charges. If the transfer aborted because you ran
- out of disk space, ZMODEM can recover from that too!
-
- ZMODEM transfers files and commands with a user friendly interface.
- Unlike traditional protocols, only one command or menu choice is
- needed to transfer files or download commands.
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- "Pro-YAM's AutoDownload feature for ZMODEM (and KERMIT) has got me
- completely addicted."
-
- ZMODEM protects your data with a 32 bit CRC, five orders of magnitude
- more accurate than the CRC-16 used by other protocols, and billions of
- times more sensitive than XMODEM checksum. Unlike "me too" protocols
- developed to compete with ZMODEM, all ZMODEM messages are protected
- with CRC.
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- ZMODEM provides high throughput and full integrity with timesharing
- systems, high speed modems, and packet switched networks. Unlike
- other protocols, ZMODEM's does not compromise reliability to get high
- speed.
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- Omen Technology's ZMODEM-90(TM) extensions accelerate transfers and
- enhance flexibility.
-
- Pro-YAM's ZMODEM compression provides spectacular throughput increases
- on suitable files, significantly faster than other protocols tested
- with the PC Magazine Compressible Test File.
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- Other ZMODEM features include text file translation, selective
- transfer of modified files, and remote file maintenance. A single
- command can update an entire directory tree, creating new
- subdirectories as necessary.
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- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 1 Introduction
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- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 4
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- Security authentication* disables Trojan Horse attacks.
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- ZMODEM supports world wide operations by preserving the exact file
- contents and modification date, unaffected by crossing time zones.
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- Omen Technology provides complimentary Unix and VAX/VMS ZMODEM servers
- in source and binary formats.
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- "Here's the simple fact. Zmodem is the state-of-the-art protocol for
- microcomputers. It's the protocol of choice. Forget the old dogs.
- It's fast and bullet-proof."
- -John C. Dvorak, INSIDE TRACK, PC Magazine June 1989
-
- "without doubt the number one protocol"
- -Boardwatch Magazine January 1990
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- Competitors hype their undocumented proprietary protocols; experienced
- BBS operators know ZMODEM is the only high performance protocol that
- survives on the streets. ZMODEM's convenience, speed and reliability
- have made it the protocol of choice for bulletin boards, BIX, GEnie,
- Portal, Delphi, Unison, and other information utilities.
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- XMODEM: Lingua Franca for Old Programs
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- ZCOMM supports Ward Christensen's XMODEM protocol with Cybernetic Data
- Recovery(TM) and automatic file name generation. Omen Technology's
- exclusive Cybernetic Data Recovery transfers files under conditions
- that crash other programs.
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- + XMODEM CRC-16 is more accurate than simple checksum. But even with
- CRC-16, an error of just two bits can corrupt data sent with
- XMODEM. Cybernetic Data Recovery catches and corrects many errors
- that confound other programs.
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- + True YMODEM(TM) batch file transfers preserve the exact file name,
- file length and creation date.
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- + XMODEM-1k and YMODEM-1k 1024 byte packets increase XMODEM
- throughput.
-
- Kermit: Rx for Brain Damage
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- Kermit transfers ASCII and binary files with IBM, CDC, Cray, ICL,
- Harris, Honeywell, Pr1me, Tandem, Univac and other traditional
- mainframes that do not support XMODEM.
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- While not as fast as ZMODEM, Kermit is more reliable than XMODEM.
- ZCOMM's 16 bit Kermit CRC is thousands of times more accurate than
- other programs' 6 bit checksum.
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- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 1 Introduction
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- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 5
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- + Convenient Kermit AutoDownload deciphers the sending program's
- Kermit dialect, saving keystrokes and frustration. (Dialect
- incompatibilities often confound Kermit users.)
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- + Long Packet Kermit speeds file transfers with IBM, CDC, and Cray
- mainframe systems. Sliding Windows are also supported. Kermit
- Server Access functions support low cost networking.
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- Swiss Army Knife for Protocols
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- + Extended Quick-B streaming protocol slashes CompuServe download
- costs up to 60 per cent or more.
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- + OverThruster(TM) accelerator speeds XMODEM and YMODEM downloads
-
- + ZCOMM supports bulletin boards and traditional programs with
- Telink/FIDO, MODEM7 batch, WXMODEM (Windowed XMODEM), and SEAlink
- file transfer protocols.
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- Data Capture
-
- ZCOMM's Full-Time Capture Buffer(TM) saves scrolled data other
- programs lose. You can scroll, page, and string search to cut and
- paste captured information.
-
- Omen's Error Containment(TM) technology minimizes errors caused by
- line hits and their effects on automatic scripts.
-
- ZCOMM captures text with many choices of parity bit and control
- character editing. ZCOMM can capture binary data without protocols.
- ZCOMM does not limit the length of captured files.
-
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- Controlling Information
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- ZCOMM's Full-Time Capture Buffer(TM) lets you flip back and forth or
- search, scanning two hundred messages from bulletin boards in a couple
- of minutes. (It has to be seen to be believed.) To compose a reply,
- call your favorite editor (the one you've already learned!) as a
- subroutine without losing your place.
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- ZCOMM's high speed screen driver- makes life pleasant:
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- + Easy on the eyes: ZCOMM supports No Flicker displays, up to 450 per
- cent faster than DOS
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- + VT220, VT102, VT100, Wyse, TTY 5425, ANSI, Z19, VT52, TI 940, IBM
- 3101, Televideo 9xx, and ADM3a emulation.
-
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- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 1 Introduction
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- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 6
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- + Supports VTxxx and Wyse "Printer Controller Mode".
-
- + Supports 132 columns and advanced displays (114x60, etc.)
-
- + VT100 character graphics and keyboard mapping support "visual"
- programs. Unlike most "VT100" emulators, ZCOMM correctly displays
- EDT, All-In-1, SCO setcolor, and DEC Store on an XT even at 19200
- baud.
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- + Hardcopy Terminal Emulation previews printer output.
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- + Visual (silent) bell preserves domestic tranquillity
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- + Settable number of lines and columns, border color, default colors,
- autowrap, keyboard mapping enable.
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- Full pathnames, directories, and wildcards support file transfers and
- utility commands.
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- ZCOMM can search files for lines matching a string, insensitive to
- case.
-
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- Transmitting Information
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- + Dual stack Command Recall saves your keyboarded host commands in a
- history file for search, recall, editing, and reentry.
- + Convenient Split Screen option- allows responsive local editing of
- input lines before transmission.
- + A rich palette of editing and timing modes permit file and message
- upload, even to fussy microcomputer Bulletin Boards.
- + Remote access for file transfers and DOS program execution with baud
- rate detection and three passworded security levels.
- + Outcall Queue intersperses scheduled outgoing calls with incoming
- messages on one modem line.
-
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- 1.1 Other Features
-
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- Interrupt driven modem input allows High speed operation with file
- transfer and conversational terminal operation at 19200 bps and above.
- ZCOMM fully exploits advanced features of the new UART chips for best
- operation at high speeds.
-
- A real-time status line displays column, row, time, elapsed time,
- transmission speed, and other important information.
-
- Soft keys provide convenient execution of common commands.
-
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- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 1 Introduction
-
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- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 7
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- ZCOMM is written in C for performance, portability and
- maintainability. ZCOMM loads quickly from a moderately sized
- executable file with no cumbersome overlays.
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- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 1 Registration
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- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 8
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- 2. ZCOMM REGISTRATION
-
- ZCOMM is a user supported program developed and supported by Chuck
- Forsberg. ZCOMM is not and never has been public domain.
-
- Registration buys you:
-
- + Your own unique ZCOMM Serial Number Password (ZSNP). Your ZSNP
- may be applied to copies of ZCOMM to be run on a single machine.
-
- + Serialized of ZCOMM deactivates the registration request
- display and the pause afterwards.
-
- + Serialization activates the egrep, egrepm, expand, split,
- and ss commands and the outcall queue. Features denoted
- with ** are available in serialized copies of ZCOMM.
-
- + Serialization more than doubles the circular buffer size.
-
- + A software disk with the current version of ZCOMM, the putsnp
- program to serialize your copy of ZCOMM with your ZSNP, and the
- tree structured "flash-up" help processor and help file included
- in ZCOMMHLP.ARC.
-
- + The complete Professional-YAM User Manual, more than 200 Typeset
- pages, with many chapters not included here, ready for insertion
- into a PC size binder.
-
- + The Pro-YAM Crib Sheet.
-
- + A ZCOMM registration is worth $40.00 when upgrading to
- Professional-YAM. The $99.00 upgrade includes the Pro-YAM
- software disks and license. You will already have the manual
- from your ZCOMM registration package.
-
- + A warm fuzzy feeling arising from the knowledge you have
- supported the advancement of ZMODEM.
-
- REGISTRATION DETAILS:
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- + Basic registration (ZSNP, disk, manual pages): $40.00
-
- + Optional Custom Binder: $10.00
-
- + Optional 3.5 inch diskette: $5.00
-
- + Domestic/Canada Surface Shipping: Free with prepaid orders
-
- + International Air Mail (most countries): $15.00[1]
-
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- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 2 Registration
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- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 9
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- + Optional Domestic UPS Second Day AIR: $5.00
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- + Credit Card/C.O.D. S&H: $5.00
-
- Don't bother scrounging for an envelope, use the INSTANT MAILER
- included in this archive!
-
-
- 2.1 Legal Necessities
-
- ZCOMM may not be modified, patched, hacked, disassembled, decompiled,
- or otherwise reverse engineered, or sold, without prior written
- permission by Omen Technology Inc. This prohibition applies to any
- theft of the intellectual property and trade secrets contained in
- ZCOMM by decompilation, disassembly, or any other form of reverse
- engineering including but not limited to profiling, tracing, data
- analysis, or monitoring the operation of ZCOMM.
-
- The only legitimate way to disable the opening advertisement in ZCOMM
- is to insert an authorized SNP obtained from Omen Technology into
- ZCOMM with the putsnp program. Any other suppression or modification
- of the opening screen is illegal, unethical, and prohibited.
-
- Distribution of programs and/or instructions on how to modify, patch,
- disassemble, decompile, or otherwise reverse engineer ZCOMM without
- prior written permission by Omen Technology Inc is a theft of services
- and a violation of federal copyright law, and will be referred to the
- FBI for investigation and prosecution under federal conspiracy
- statutes. Applicable RICO law provides for treble damages and
- recovery of attorney's fees.
-
- Distribution of ZCOMM in any medium without this documentation file
- constitutes an unauthorized modification.
-
- Students may use unregistered copies of ZCOMM in the discharge of
- assigned coursework for the duration of the course without obligation
- to register. Otherwise, individuals may use ZCOMM with only a moral
- obligation to register their copy with Omen Technology once they find
- it useful. You may distribute the unmodified ZCOMM*.ARC archive
- files[2] to as many as you wish, or post them on bulletin boards, etc.
- Businesses must register their copies of ZCOMM.
-
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- ______________________________________________________________________
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- 1. $25.00 to Australia etc. if binder included due to higher cost.
-
- 2. The archives may be converted to other storage or archive formats,
- including "zipping", provided no files are modified or removed.
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- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 2 Registration
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- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 10
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- 3. ZCOMM's Big Brother
-
- ZCOMM is the Little Brother of Professional-YAM. As powerful as ZCOMM
- is, more powerful than other user supported software, it pales beside
- Omen Technology's commercial Professional-YAM software.
-
- Pro-YAM's TurboDial(TM) script language provides state of the art real
- time pattern recognition, "regular expiression" string parsing, script
- development aids, script encryption, queue management, extensive
- logging facilities, and finely tuned security control unmatched in the
- industry.
-
- Fortune 500 corporations use these exclusive features to support large
- PC based telecommunications projects involving attended and unattended
- operation.
-
- Specialized utility commands allow Pro-YAM and a PC or DG/One portable
- to replace data line monitors in many applications. Pro-YAM supports
- Echoplex uploads and high speed data dumps in addition to the uniquely
- accurate and robust XMODEM, YMODEM, ZMODEM, and Kermit protocol
- transfers shared with ZCOMM. Pro-YAM has many powerful utility
- commands that earn it the sobriquet Integrated Communications Tools.
-
- Pro-YAM is available with the Tymnet X.PC link level protocol for
- multiple, concurrent data transfers.
-
- Omen Technology also markets highly compatible Unix and Xenix flavors
- of Pro-YAM.
-
- Omen Technology's Demand Upgrade(TM) technology and small company
- responsiveness meet the support needs of a growing base of demanding
- customers.
-
- Professional-YAM is a superset of ZCOMM; applications and scripts
- developed on ZCOMM will operate with Pro-YAM.
-
- This ZCOMM manual omits descriptions of many Pro-YAM features not
- included in ZCOMM. The special symbol * denotes Pro-YAM features not
- included in ZCOMM.
-
- Pro-YAM features not included in ZCOMM include X.PC, encryption,
- CryptoScript(TM) capability, Password Guardian(TM), logs, the ap, apd,
- fget, fput, kbdmon, link, on, portx, purgek, quit, restime, restrict,
- timestamp, and trs commands, and certain vertical application and
- security related features. (Newer versions of ZCOMM include the
- logging facility.)
-
- In some places you will see references to a fake Chapter 99. Pro-YAM
- manual chapters not included in this document are designated by
- Chapter 99.
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- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 3 ZCOMM
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- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 11
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- ZCOMM registration can be upgraded to Pro-YAM as described in the
- previous chapter.
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- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 3 Flavors of Professional-YAM
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- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 12
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- 4. FLAVORS OF Professional-YAM
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- 4.1 IBM PC Family and Clones
-
- YAM and ZCOMM run under PC-DOS and compatible operating systems using
- PC compatible 8250 family serial ports. They exploit the new Intel
- 82510 and National NS16550AN serial interface integrated circuits for
- improved high speed operation, especially with memory resident
- software and extended memory ramdisks.
-
- YAMXPC supports the Tymnet X.PC packet protocol. This version uses
- the Tymnet Packet Driver and will not initialize unless the packet
- driver has been loaded. The X.PC version lacks the bdump and link
- commands. The !~ command does not allow DOS subprograms to access the
- serial line with the DOS ctty command.
-
- YAM is also available for OS/2 protected mode.
-
- 4.2 Xenix/Unix
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- Pro-YAM for 32 bit Unix systems supports a number of advanced
- features, including X windows[1] large memory, recursive wild card
- expansions and ZMODEM transfers with RLE or LZW data compression.
- Unix and Xenix flavors of Pro-YAM reflect the deep fundamental
- differences between single tasking PC-DOS and Xenix. Notable
- differences are in keyboard handling, screen emulation, and real-time
- aspects. Properly written TurboDial(TM) Scripts may be used with any
- flavor of Pro-YAM. Omen Technology provides binary executables for
- SCO System V Xenix (286 and 386) and Interactive Systems 386/ix. The
- 386/ix flavor supports Microport SYS V/386 and similar systems.
-
- Please contact Omen Technology for reasonably priced source code for
- other versions of Unix.
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- 4.3 VAX/VMS
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- VAX/VMS Professional-YAM supports dial out applications with
- functionality similar to Unix flavors. Popular VMS record types are
- supported.
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- __________
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- 1. Under xterm(1).
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- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 4 Flavors of Professional-YAM
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- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 13
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- 4.4 ZCOMM
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- ZCOMM is a shareware subset of Pro-YAM available for PC-DOS. It lacks
- the ap, apd, fget, fput, link, kbdmon, obey, on, quit, purgek,
- restime, restrict, timestamp, and trs commands. Arbitrary variable
- names and security features are not supported. Certain commands and
- features are available only in registered copies. The special symbol
- * denotes features not included in ZCOMM. Features denoted with **
- are available in registered copies of ZCOMM.
-
- Some ZCOMM users choose to upgrade to Professional-YAM. Omen's ZCOMM
- to Pro-YAM upgrade policy protects your investment in ZCOMM
- registration. The ZCOMM to Pro-YAM upgrade consists of a Pro-YAM
- serial number and diskette set. The $99.00 price is the same as the
- difference between Pro-YAM purchase and ZCOMM registration.
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- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 4 Design Philosophy
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- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 14
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- 5. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
-
- ZCOMM is a Communications Tool. Once learned, ZCOMM's command
- interface is more powerful, faster, and less cumbersome than a menu
- interface. Indeed, menus comprehensive enough to describe all the
- nuances of ZCOMM's capabilities would take up more memory than most
- microcomputers can afford. In addition, remote operation of ZCOMM
- would be excruciatingly slow due to transmission delays displaying the
- appropriate menu pages.
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- ZCOMM's look and feel has been influenced by the MODEM series of
- programs, the Unix(TM) Operating System, the Berkeley Editor (vi),
- CP/M(TM), PC-DOS, and ANSI standards.
-
- Function keys F1 and F2 have been assigned with a logical grouping.
- Wherever meaningful, F1 exits from a function, and F2 enters the
- logical "next" function. From the command prompt, F2 enters the term
- function, and from there another F2 enters the review function. Once
- in the review function (assuming it was called from the term
- function), F1 exits back to the term function, from where another F1
- exits to the command prompt.
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- Another ethic guiding ZCOMM's design is respect for the user's
- information. The user's data is, after all, precisely what a modem
- program is all about. Status information is limited to one CRT line
- to allow maximum screen size for data. Fancy display modes such as
- reverse video are used sparingly to avoid distracting from the user's
- work.
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- If you seek a video arcade modem game, ZCOMM will disappoint you.
-
- 5.1 Circular Buffer
-
- The circular buffer remotely resembles the linear "capture buffer"
- used by other modem programs. Many ZCOMM commands involve the
- circular buffer, including the t, f, wait, ki, kill, w, review, and
- close commands.
-
- The term function uses the circular buffer as a first in, first out
- (FIFO) buffer for data arriving from the remote. The circular
- organization of this buffer makes the most recent data always
- available for review and arbitrary writing to disk files.
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- When the circular buffer has been filled and the XOFF character sent
- to the remote, ZCOMM writes the contents of the circular buffer to the
- capture file if a capture file has been opened. ZCOMM then checks
- whether any characters remain to be written to the printer. When both
- of these checks are satisfied, ZCOMM then sends an XON character to
- the remote to resume the transmission of data.
-
- Keyboarding ALT-W or enabling j term option writes the contents of the
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- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 5 Circular Buffer
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- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 15
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- circular buffer to the capture file without waiting for the circular
- buffer to fill up first.
-
- The large storage capacity of the circular buffer may be used to
- review the most recent data captured from the remote. The review
- commands lets you page back and forth through the data captured from
- the remote. Forward and backward string searches make it easy to
- locate important text. The review commands also let you save segments
- of the circular buffer to disk (cut and paste). Scripts can search
- and mark text captured from the remote with the full power of regular
- expression pattern matching. These commands will be explained later.
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- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 5 Rosetta Stone
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- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 16
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- 6. ROSETTA STONE
-
- Alphanumeric An alphanumeric character is either a letter or a decimal
- digit 0 to 9.
-
- Baud A baud is a signaling unit conveying one or more bits of
- information. Baudrate is commonly (and usually incorrectly)
- interchanged with bits per second.
-
- BPS is an abbreviation for "bits per second", a measure of
- transmission speed. ASCII Asynchronous transmission generally
- uses 10 bits to transmit each character, so the speed in
- characters per second is one tenth the speed measured in bits per
- second.
-
- Capture The term function captures data from the remote into the
- circular buffer. This data may be paged back and forth with the
- review function, or written to a disk file.
-
- Character Escape is a sequence of characters initiated by a backslash
- character used to represent a control character or programmable
- string using printable characters. Character escapes are
- described in Chapter 26.
-
- CPMEOF A control character (hex 1A) added to the end of text files by
- traditional microcomputer programs. This practice was popular
- with the Digital Research CP/M 8 bit operating system.
-
- Crash Recovery(TM) refers to the ZMODEM File Transfer Protocol's
- ability to resume file transfers that have been interrupted by a
- line disconnect from the point where the transfer was interrupted.
-
- Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC) is a datum (16 or 32 bits) generated
- by a cyclic code. The CRC-16 extension to the Ward Christensen
- XMODEM protocol provides a higher level of data integrity than the
- original XMODEM checksum. A good CRC-16 guarantees detection of
- all single and double bit errors, all errors with an odd number
- of error bits, all burst errors of length 16 or less, 99.9969% of
- all 17-bit error bursts, and 99.9984 per cent of all possible
- longer error bursts. The actual performance may be better because
- errors that sneak by CRC-16 are often detected by ZCOMM's
- Cybernetic Data Recovery(TM).
-
- ZMODEM's 32 bit CRC provides five orders of magnitude more
- accurate error detection than XMODEM's CRC-16. It is a billion
- times more accurate than XMODEM's 8 bit checksum.
-
- Default is a choice a program makes for you if you do not explicitly
- make a contrary choice.
-
-
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- Download is the transfer of data from the host system down to your
- computer.
-
- DCE meand Data Communications Equipment. "DCE speed" refers to the
- transmission speed between modems.
-
- DTE meand Data Terminal Equipment. "DTE speed" refers to the
- transmission speed between modem and the Data Terminal Equipment
- (computer).
-
- DTR is an abbreviation for Data Terminal Ready. Data Terminal Ready
- is a signal sent by the computer to the modem to condition it to
- accept commands or answer an incoming call. When DTR is "dropped"
- (switched off), the modem should disconnect from the line.
-
- Execute When a string parameter is executed, it is normally sent to
- the remote (modem). If it begins with "@", the remainder is
- executed as a ZCOMM command.
-
- Filespec Some ZCOMM commands instruct a remote Kermit server program
- to send, receive, print, type, or delete one or more files. The
- syntax of this specification is defined by the remote Kermit
- server program, not ZCOMM. If filespec contains spaces, filespec
- must be enclosed by double quotes.
-
- Flow Control restrains the speed of transmission to prevent loss of
- data when a fast sender must send to a slower receiver. Hardware
- signals, control characters, and protocol handshakes can be used
- to provide restraint, singly or in combinations.
-
- SEE ALSO: handshake command, zmodem w parameter, Flow Control
- Chapter 14
-
- Functions are operations supported by ZCOMM, such as a dir, type, s,
- r, or t (term) command. A command may set or reset term options,
- change a parameter, or perform a function.
-
- Host Operation allows remote access of files and programs.
-
- Iff If and only if.
-
- Integrity in a data transfer protocol refers to the ability of the
- protocol to guarantee a correct data transfer provided both sender
- and receiver report a successful transfer. Integrity is a
- different measure of a file transfer protocol than robustness,
- which is a measure of a protocol's ability to complete the
- requested transfers in the presence of errors, independent of the
- probability of undetected errors.
-
- Kermit ia an error correcting batch file transfer protocol developed
- at Columbia University and elsewhere. The Kermit protocol
-
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- supports text and binary file transfers with many mainframe
- computers whose hardware and operating software preclude
- implementation of high performance protocols.
-
- Line Hit A burst of noise on a telephone line may generate modem data
- errors. A single "line hit" may garble dozens of characters.
- ZCOMM's Error Containment(TM) technology may be used to reduce the
- number of characters garbled by line hits suffered in terminal
- emulation data capture.
-
- N.B. Nota Bene, Latin for "note well" or "take notice".
-
- Options Options apply to the Kermit, s, sx, sb, s7, st, r, rx, r7, rb,
- and rc protocol file transfer commands.
-
- q.v. Quod Vide is Latin for "which see", an invitation to consult
- information on the subject mentioned.
-
- Pathname is a complete file name, optionally including disk and/or
- directory names.
-
- EXAMPLE: c:/ZCOMM/PHODIR.t
-
-
- Pathspec ... A pathspec consists of zero or more pathnames.
-
- Unambiguous and ambiguous (with wildcard characters) pathnames may
- be specified in any combination. The wildcard filename characters
- * and ? are allowed as described in the IBM DOS manual chapter
- "Global Filename Characters". In DOS, only the filename portion
- of the pathname may contain wildcards.
-
- EXAMPLE: src/cmd/*.c is legal; src/*/foo.c is not.
-
-
- On 32 bit Unix systems, ZCOMM expands "*" and "?" the way the
- shell does. All the shell wildcards may be used including
- multiple wildcards, wildcards in directories, and ranges. ~user
- expands to the login directory of user, and ~ expands to your home
- directory. In addition, `command` takes the output of command as
- a series of pathnames.
-
- EXAMPLE: dir */[a-i]* displays all files starting with "a" to "i"
- in all subdirectories immediately below the current directory.
-
-
- An empty pathspec represents all files in the current directory on
- the current disk. A disk identifier without any file names
- represents all files on that disk's current directory. A
- directory pathname expands to all files in the specified
- directory.
-
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- Sequences of the form %svar are replaced by the value (possibly
- empty) of the string parameter svar. If svar is not a string
- parameter, no substitution is made.
-
- A pathspec may contain any combination of the above, separated by
- spaces or tabs.
-
- If pathspec includes a disk specifier (such as a: or b:), ZCOMM
- checks the disk specifier against the permissible disk specifiers
- in the disks string parameter
-
- The various filename expansions are especially useful in the
- context of commands such as wc, sum, crc, find, sb, and sz. For
- example, wc applies to all files in the current directory, and
- wc dir applies to all files in dir.
-
- ZCOMM pathnames may use / or \ to delimit directories.
-
- Regular Expressions control pattern matching and grouping of text by
- the ss and egrep commands. "Magic" characters specify the pattern
- matching and grouping processes.
-
- Remote refers to the machine or terminal with which ZCOMM is
- communicating. This could be a direct RS-232 connection to a
- local terminal, micro, mini, or mainframe, or a timesharing system
- accessed through a modem and a global packet switched network.
-
- Restraint See "Flow Control" above.
-
- Restricted For security reasons, ZCOMM is restricted to prevent
- unauthorized dial-in users from accessing private data or crashing
- the system. Certain commands are illegal when ZCOMM is
- restricted, and only specified disk drives and directories may be
- accessed.
-
- Review Function Characters output from the remote may be paged and
- searched online with the review function. This data may also be
- cut and pasted to disk files.
-
- Robustness in a file transfer protocol refers to the protocol's
- ability to complete transfers in the presence of errors induced by
- line noise or other sources. Robustness is a different measure of
- a file transfer protocol than integrity, a measure of the
- probability of correct data transfer given a successful completion
- of the transfer process.
-
- Script A script is a set of commands that control dialogues with the
- user or a remote system.
-
- Script Level refers to the degree of nesting of scripts. Level 0 is
- called by the user directly, and each higher level is executed by
-
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- a gosub or other command from the previous level.
-
- Shell Escape is a DOS command or program called as a subroutine from
- ZCOMM via a DOS Gateway. The phrase "shell escape" comes from the
- Unix(TM) Operating System, whose command interpreter is called
- "the shell".
-
- Soft Keys Strings or commands may be assigned to the Soft Keys with
- set commands, including those in the telephone directory "setup"
- entry executed each time ZCOMM starts. ZCOMM recognizes the forty
- function key codes produced by the function keys F1 to F12. FS1
- to FS12 are obtained with a Shift key, FC1 to FC12 are obtained
- with the Ctrl key, and FA1 to FA12 are obtained with the Alt key.
- The cursor keys and extra function keys on 101 key Extended
- Keyboards are also recognized.
-
- Strings or commands may be assigned to BS, ESC, Ins, Del, Home,
- End, Up, Down, Left, Right, PgUp, and PgDn, overriding their
- normal functions in the term function.
-
- String Some commands take a string argument. If a string argument
- contains spaces, tabs, and a semicolon, it must be enclosed by
- double quotes (shift single quote on the IBM PC keyboard).
- Control characters may be included in strings with character
- escapes similar to those used by the C Programming Language.
-
- Term Function ZCOMM's Term Function provides the conversational
- "connection" between the user and the remote. The term function
- captures data from the remote into ZCOMM's circular buffer from
- whence it may be displayed, printed, stored in a disk file, or
- searched, cut and pasted by the review function.
-
- Term Options Many options are available to modify the way the term
- function receives, displays, transmits, and stores data.
-
- Upload is a transfer of data from your computer up to the host system.
-
- Wild Card Many commands allow wild card file names in their pathspec
- (q.v.).
-
- Writing When a receive file is open as a result of a create or t
- filename command, data in the circular buffer is written out to
- the receive file when the circular buffer fills up or when a w or
- ALT-W command is given.
-
- XMODEM The Ward Christensen file transfer protocol uses 128 byte
- packets, one byte control messages, and a one byte arithmetic
- checksum.
-
- XMODEM/CRC A synonym for the enhanced Ward Christensen XMODEM protocol
- using a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC-16). Newer programs support
-
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- CRC-16 for better data integrity, but reliability is still
- compromised by one byte control messages.
-
- XMODEM-1k XMODEM protocol with 1024 byte data packets, CRC-16, and one
- byte control messages, sometimes incorrectly called ymodem.
-
- YMODEM YMODEM is a batch file transfer protocol with pathname, date,
- file length and other file data in block 0, CRC-16 default, and
- optional 1024 byte packets. Many programs claiming to support
- YMODEM actually use XMODEM with 1024 byte blocks; use ZCOMM's sx
- -k and rx commands with these XMODEM mutants.
-
- XOFF, XON ASCII control characters control the flow of data. XOFF
- (Ctrl-S) stops and XON (Ctrl-Q) resumes the flow of data. Chapter
- 37 provides an ASCII code chart with the names for the control
- characters.
-
- ZCOMM is a shareware (User Supported) subset of PCDOS Professional-
- YAM.
-
- ZMODEM An advanced file transfer protocol with simplified human
- interface, crash recovery, high speed streaming, sensitive 32 bit
- CRC, command download, security features, and important file
- management functions.
-
- {arg1 | arg2} One of the arguments separated by | is required.
-
- [] Optional argument.
-
- * The special symbol * denotes features not included in ZCOMM. **
- Denotes features not included in userialized (unregistered) copies
- of ZCOMM.
-
-
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- 7. INSTALLING ZCOMM
-
- If you have registered your copy of ZCOMM, make yourself a working
- copy of the ZCOMM distribution disk using the DOS diskcopy command.
- Keep the distribution disk in a safe place away from nasty killers
- such as disk drives, displays, computers, magnets, motors, and coffee
- cups. The only time the distribution diskette should be out and about
- is when you are cloning your working copies.
-
-
- 7.1 Installation from Registration Disk
-
- Before installing ZCOMM, you may wish to create a directory for the
- ZCOMM files. If so, you must include this dorectory in the DOS PATH.
- Otherwise the files may be extracted to the root directory.
-
- The ZCOMM software files are contained in the ZCOMMEXE.ZIP and
- ZCOMMHLP.ZIP archives on the distribution disk. Use a standard
- "unzip" program such as PKUNZIP to extract files from these archives.
-
- The putsnp program inserts your ZCOMM Serial-Number-Password (ZSNP)
- into your working copiy of ZCOMM. Installing a legal serial number
- suppresses the pause after the opening message, enlarges the circular
- buffer, and enables new commands. The putsnp program prompts for your
- Serial/Number/Password (SNP) of the form X123456789. Putsnp checks
- for keyboarding mistakes and then verifies that you understand and
- agree to the licensing conditions. When you understand and agree to
- the licensing conditions, respond with yes (not just y).
-
- Then putsnp prompts for the name of a file to insert the serial number
- into. This should be a ZCOMM.EXE file that you have transferred to a
- scratch disk, or to an appropriate directory on your hard disk. Do
- not write on the distribution diskette unless a nuclear attack is in
- progress.
-
- After inserting the serial number in the given file, putsnp asks if
- you wish to change the default value for the phone directory pathname
- (string parameter phones). This is normally /PHODIR.t. If you wish
- to keep the phones file elsewhere, answer "yes".[1] Putsnp then
- searches for the location in your copy of ZCOMM that contains this
- information. When found, you may enter a new pathname,[2] up to 64
- characters.
-
-
- __________
-
- 1. The default value may also be overidden with the PHONES DOS
- environment variable.
-
- 2. Such as c:/zcomm/PHODIR.t.
-
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- Afterwards, you should copy the help processor files YHP.EXE and
- ZMANH.HLP from the disk.
-
-
- 7.2 Installation from ZCOMM*.ARC
-
-
- If you are using the software provided in ZCOMM*.ARC, be sure to save
- the original files for backup, and pass them on to your friends to
- fill their communications needs. There are currently three ZCOMM
- archive files:
-
- + ZCOMMEXE.ARC contains the executable program and demonstration
- files.
-
- + ZCOMMDOC.ARC contains this documentation.
-
- + ZCOMMHLP.ARC contains ZCOMM's tree structured help file and random
- access flash-up help processor.
-
-
- 7.3 Installation Continued
-
-
- The second order of business is to read this manual. There is just no
- way you can get your money's worth out of ZCOMM without reading, or at
- least carefully scanning, this manual. After all, didn't you get
- ZCOMM because you needed something more powerful than that cumbersome,
- unreliable, brain-damaged menu driven crock you've been using?
- (Perhaps you shouldn't answer that question just yet ...)
-
- You can then edit PHODIR.t to suit your own needs by inserting
- directory entries for the systems you wish to call and changing the
- phone numbers, account numbers, and passwords on the "standard"
- entries for popular timesharing services that you have accounts with.
- Be sure to check the setup entry and make any changes you feel
- appropriate. Once you have the "feel" of ZCOMM, you will want to
- remove the automatic menu invocation at the end of the setup directory
- entry.
-
- Chapter 10 gives a line by line tutorial for setting up your telephone
- directory assuming you are using a standard modem.
-
- If you are using a computer that runs at non standard clock rates
- (e.g., 8 mHz 8088 instead of 4.77 mHz) or with an enhanced CPU chip
- (NEC V20), you will need to set special values for the a and b numeric
- parameters as described in Chapter 24.
-
- **** WARNING **** Although ZCOMM is well behaved as communications
- programs go, some memory resident programs, special keyboard
- modifiers, print spoolers, or special display drivers, may cause
-
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- ZCOMM User Manual 24
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- problems.
-
- **** WARNING **** Since ZCOMM uses interrupts to read data from the
- serial ports, each serial port must be strapped for its proper
- interrupt vector. Some communications programs assign both IRQ3 and
- IRQ4 while operating, so they will operate even if the serial ports
- are not strapped properly. Since ZCOMM only assigns the interrupt
- vector of the port in use, incorrect IRQ level strapping will crash
- ZCOMM. Check the serial port addresses and vectors with the
- information given ith the port command in Chapter 19 if you encounter
- trouble starting ZCOMM.
-
-
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- 8. UNLEASHING THE MODEM
-
- 8.1 Modem Cabling
-
- ZCOMM and its supplied scripts require the following circuits for
- mormal operation. When using an external modem, the modem cable must
- connect pins 2, 3, 7, 8, and 20. This connects Transmit Data, Receive
- Data, Signal Ground, Data Carrier Detect, and Data Terminal Ready.
-
- ZCOMM supports hardware flow control on most systems.
-
- In general one should use a full modem cable.
-
- Direct connect applications (NULL MODEM) can get by with just the two
- data leads. Such applications do not use any dialer scripts.
-
- 8.2 Hardware Interface
-
- ZCOMM accesses serial ports at the standard IBM COM1 and COM2
- addresses. Zcomm also has definitions for COM3-COM18 as described
- under the port command. The portx command may be used to access
- 8250/16450/16550A type serial ports at non standard addresses.
-
- When a port is selected, a quick hardware check is made to verify the
- existence and minimal functionality of the port. If this test fails,
- the message Port N Defective is displayed. An incorrect port switch
- or strap (jumper) configuration is the usual cause of this message.
-
- This check does not guarantee the port is connected to the proper IRQ
- line. If the port is not configured to use the proper IRQ line, Zcomm
- will not talk to the port, and the computer may lock up.
-
- Some 8250 UART devices (used by serial interface adapters and internal
- modems) do not respond correctly when the software turns the
- transmitter interrupts on and off. High speed communications programs
- such as ZCOMM require properly functioning UART chips. We recommend
- the National Semiconductor NS16550AN/NS16550AFN.
-
- 8.3 MODEM environment variable
-
- The advanced dialing scripts use two script subroutines to generate
- dialing commands for your specific modem. The top level routine is
- the adial subroutine in the main phones.t file. The adial routine
- must be in your dialing directory (phones.t) and it must be enabled
- with the following command in phones.ts or the setup entry in your
- dialing directory:
-
- set mcommand "gosub adial" : select advanced dialer
-
- Adial's top level routine handles alternate number lists and
- operations pertinent to all modems.
-
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- Adial uses the MODEM environment variable to identify the disk file
- containing the modem specific dialer. The value inherited from the
- environment may be overridden with a set command. Adial searches for
- this file in the directory specified by the lib string variable. The
- following dialer files are currently provided in dialers.zoo.
- Additional dialers will be described in dialers.doc, part of the
- dialers.zoo archive.
-
- The phomast.t starter script can also be made to use the advanced
- dialers by uncommenting the following lines:
-
- : set mcommand "gosub adial" : select advanced dialer
- : if "!%MODEM" set MODEM hu96.t : for modem specific
- dialer
-
- The second line above should be changed to suit your modem.
-
-
- ax9624.t MicroCom AX/9624c with MNP Class 6. This modem includes a
- pseudo full duplex 9600 bps speed.
-
- cs3820.t AT&T Paradyne Comsphere 3820, DataPort Modem
-
- hst.t U S Robotics HST Dual Standard
-
- hu96.t Hayes V series Ultra Smartmodem 9600 (v.32/v.42)
-
- hv96.t Hayes V series Smartmodem 9600
-
- mmv32b.t Multitech MultiModem V32 with V.32bis.
-
- mmv32.t Multitech MultiModem V32 with MNP.
-
- mm224.t Multitech MultiModem 224 without MNP. This dialer
- supports many 2400 bps modems with little or no
- modification.
-
- mm224e.t Multitech MultiModem 224E with MNP.
-
- sm1200.t Hayes Smartmodem 1200
-
- supra.t Supra FAXModem V.32bis
-
- tb.t Telebit TrialBlazer
-
- Selecting the proper modem type takes two steps. First the file name
- for the desired dialer must be specified in your DOS (or Unix)
- environment.
- NB. The following must be entered without extra spaces.
-
- EXAMPLE: C>set MODEM=mm224e.t (DOS)
-
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- EXAMPLE: $ MODEM=mm224e.t; export MODEM (Unix)
-
-
- Second, the Zcomm lib string variable must be set in the phones.t
- setup phone directory entry or in phones.ts.
-
- EXAMPLE: set lib "C:/ZCOMM" (DOS)
-
-
- EXAMPLE: set lib "/usr/lib/yam" (Unix default)
-
-
- When setting up for a particular modem type, be sure to configure the
- modem's switches and Non Volatile RAM (NVRAM) for use with ZCOMM. If
- nonstandard NVRAM settings interfere with ZCOMM's initialization scrip
- for that modem, you may have to manually restore the NVRAM contents to
- the factory default. The supplied scripts expect to see the factory
- default VERBAL RESULT CODES (not result digits).
-
- The adial dialing script supports a number of modems under control of
- the MODEM environment variable.
-
-
- 8.4 New and Improved Modems
-
- Modem manufacturers are constantly refining their products, adding new
- features and making subtle subtle changes in existing features. If
- your modem is not listed in one of the following subchapters, please
- read all the subchapters and use the suggestions that apply to modems
- similar to yours.
-
- To obtain the full performance your modem provides, you can create a
- dialer optimized for your modem. Copy the dialer script for a similar
- modem into a new file.
-
- Next, edit the initialization strings in the dialing scripts to take
- advantage of new modem features.
-
- 8.5 Pulse Dialing
-
- If your telephone line requires rotary (pulse) dialing, set mprefix to
- ATDP with a command in the setup telephone directory entry. This
- procedure is detailed in Chapter 9.
-
- 8.6 Cellular Radio
-
- Some modems (AT&T Keep In Touch) have special settings to optimize
- operation when making calls over cellular radio. The call cellular
- command sets the string parameter cellular that instructs certain
- dialers to optimize operation for cellular radio.
-
-
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- Some modems have special options to enhance operation when accepting
- calls over cellular raidio or other difficult, unstable connections.
- The command: call init,cela sets these parameters on some dialers.
-
- Please check the source code for the dialer you are using for cellular
- support.
-
- 8.7 MNP, V.42, X.PC, AFT
-
- More and more modems support one or more error correcting link level
- protocols such as MNP and V.42. Modem to modem link level protocols
- correct most transmission errors reducing the frequency of garbled
- text and file transfer retries. Modern link level protocols increase
- transmission speed by eliminating start/stop bits and redundant
- information.
-
- When MNP is enabled, the calling modem sends control characters to
- interrogate the answering modem for MNP. These characters can prevent
- logging in to some timesharing systems, packet switched networks, and
- bulletin boards. Non streaming protocols such as XMODEM, YMODEM, and
- Kermit usually give faster transfers without the delays introduced by
- MNP and other link level protocols. Accordingly, ZCOMM's dialing
- scripts are designed to place calls with MNP disabled by default.
-
- No modifier is used for AFT, V.42, or V.42bis link protocols. We have
- not experienced log-in or throughput problems with these protocols, so
- we made them the default.
-
- There are unfortunately exceptions to every rule. A few modems enable
- V.42 only when MNP is commanded. The dialers for these modems default
- to MNP and V.42 enabled, and allow the /dir dial modifier to disable
- error correction.
-
- The dialer scripts support one or more of the following modifiers:
-
- /300 Force a connection at 300 bps. Dropping down to 300 bps may
- be necessary to get a reliable connection in the Oregon Rain
- Forest.
-
- /1200 Force a connection at 1200 bps.
-
- /2400 Force a 2400 bps connection.
-
- /9600 Force a 9600 bps connection.
-
- /nop Suppress the detection of call progress reporting. This may
- be used to prevent the modem from misinterpreting an unusual
- ringing sound as a busy signal.
-
- /c Enable modem compression.
-
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- /fast Force a high speed PEP connection (refuse a slow speed
- connection).
-
- EXAMPLE: 123-4567/fast
-
-
- /man Some modems incorrectly abandon a call attempt when they
- "hear" sounds they aren't programmed to understand. For
- example, some TrailBlazer modems abort the call with a
- spurious "NO CARRIER" message when they hear the sound of the
- telephone "ringing". If that doesn't dump the call, the
- TrailBlazer may dump the call when the answering modem emits
- an echo suppressor disabling tone before sending the standard
- Bell 103 answer tone. Under these circumstances the only
- solution is to listen to the sounds yourself and tell the
- modem exactly when to start listening. With the /man
- modifier, the modem remains in command mode after dialing the
- phone number and ZCOMM enters the term function to display
- messages from the modem. When you hear the called modem's
- answer tone, hit F1 to exit the term function. The dialing
- script then sends an "ATO" to the modem to attempt a normal
- data connection. Some practice may be necessary before you
- get the right timing. If you hit F1 too late the answering
- modem may timeout before the modems can handshake and enter
- data mode.
-
- /dir Use direct connection without speed buffering and/or error
- control (MNP, V.42, etc.).
-
- /cell Adjust the modem for best operation over cellular radio
- connections.
-
- /mnp Require MNP link level connection. Do not connect if MNP
- fails.
-
- EXAMPLE: 123-4567/mnp
-
-
- /mnp_s Require MNP link level connection, use software flow
- control.[1] Do not connect if MNP fails.
-
- /a_mnp Request MNP link level connection.
-
-
-
-
- __________
-
- 1. Software flow control in the modem is not compatible with XMODEM,
- YMODEM, Sealink, Clink, or WXMODEM.
-
-
-
- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 8 Unleashing the MODEM
-
-
- Version 18.18 TurboDial 2.41 Universal Line Printer Edition
- ZCOMM User Manual 30
-
- /a_mnp_s Request MNP link level connection, use software flow control.
-
- /xmodem Enable "XMODEM spoofing" on Trailblazer modems. (Not
- recommended)
-
- /kermit Enable "Kermit spoofing" on Trailblazer modems. (Not
- recommended)
-
- /v22 Use V.22 modulation on a 1200 bps call.
-
- /c:modifier Optional modem dependent modifier string
-
-
- 8.8 High Speed Modems
-
- The new generation of high speed dial-up modems presents special
- challenges to users and system integrators.
-
- These modems transmit data at speeds from 110 to 38400 or more bits
- per second. This range of speeds poses special problems communicating
- between the computer and the modem. Lower speed modems examine the
- traditional "AT" command prefix bit by bit to lock onto the computer's
- transmission speed instantly. Many modems which recognize commands at
- widely varying speeds can not use this technique. A number of
- alternate techniques have been developed, each with its own advantages
- and problems.
-
- + Lock the interface to the highest transmission rate. This avoids
- the programming required to synchronize the modem's and computer's
- speeds. Flow control must be used when the interface speed is
- locked to prevent the computer from sending data more rapidly than
- the modem can buffer and transmit it. This local flow control is
- usually accomplished with hardware signals. When such an
- arrangement is used to communicate over networks that must assert
- their own flow control (with XON and XOFF), data flow regulation
- must respond to both hardware (RTS) and software (XOFF) signals.
- The handshake both command should be used whenever the modem's
- interface speed is locked and transmission over networks or to
- timesharing systems is desired.
-
- Locking the interface speed to 9600 or 19200 bps while
- communicating at 1200 and 2400 bps should be avoided unless all
- links in the transmission path have low error rates.
-
- Most modems do not recognize XOFF characters from the remote
- computer, so characters stored in the modem's buffer will be
- transmitted for a period of time after an XOFF is received. This
- causes loss of data with some computer services.
-
- When the interface speed is locked at a higher speed than the
- actual data transmission, an excessive amount of data may be
-
-
- (C) 1994 Omen Tech Inc Chapter 8 Unleashing the MODEM
-
-