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- ALIASES(8)
-
-
-
- NAME
- aliases - alias file for smail
-
- DESCRIPTION
- This file is used by _s_m_a_i_l only if _S_E_N_D_M_A_I_L is _n_o_t _d_e_f_i_n_e_d.
- If _S_E_N_D_M_A_I_L is defined, then _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l does all of the alias-
- ing for the host.
-
- This file contains a list of aliases for local users or
- mailing lists. The format of each alias is
-
- alias_name recip_name1 recip_name2 ...
-
- An attempt has been made to remain compatible with _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l
- alias file format, though the syntax is much more format
- free than _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l. As distributed, _c_a_s_e _d_i_f_f_e_r_e_n_c_e_s _a_r_e
- _i_g_n_o_r_e_d when comparing names to aliases. Only alias names
- which resolve to the local host are recognized, and are
- stored in their local form. Lines which start with a
- white space are continuation lines. Parenthesised strings
- are taken as comments (no nesting), as is anything after a
- '#' (as in /_b_i_n/_s_h). Here are some examples:
-
- # this whole line is a comment
- #
- # These are equivalent definitions
-
- alias_name recip1 recip2 recip3
-
- alias_name: recip1, recip2 , recip3
-
- alias_name recip1 recip2
- recip3
-
- alias_name recip1 # Recip1's name
- recip2 # Recip2's name
- recip3 # Recip3's name
-
- alias_name recip1 (Recp1's name) recip2 (Recp2's name)
- recip3 (Recp3's name)
-
- alias_name@thishost recip1 recip2 recip3
-
- alias_name@thisdomain recip1 recip2 recip3
-
- thishost!alias_name recip1 recip2 recip3
-
- thisdomain!alias_name recip1 recip2 recip3
-
- Mailing lists are easily handled by two forms of file inclu-
- sion. The first form is the same as is supported by _s_e_n_d_-
- _m_a_i_l
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- ALIASES(8)
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- mylist :include:/usr/lib/ml/mylist
-
- In this example, each entry in /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_m_l/_m_y_l_i_s_t would be
- added to the alias for _m_y_l_i_s_t. The second form is unique to
- _s_m_a_i_l. It allows the _a_l_i_a_s_e_s file to include other _a_l_i_a_s_e_s
- files.
-
- :include:/usr/lib/ml/more-aliases
-
- This would include the file /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_m_l/_m_o_r_e-_a_l_i_a_s_e_s as a
- regular alias file. This makes it easier to maintain groups
- of aliases that change frequently, such as the list of net-
- news moderators.
-
- All aliases are recursive, so care must be taken in their
- definition. _s_m_a_i_l aliasing attempts to prevent infinite
- loops, and to do what was intended by the user. For exam-
- ple, the alias:
-
- mylogin mypc!mylogin mylogin
-
- Expands to
-
- mypc!mylogin mylogin
-
- even though the second occurrence of _m_y_l_o_g_i_n matches the
- alias name.
-
- Both forms of file inclusion are recursive, too, so watch
- out for nesting include files. They may lead to infinite
- loops.
-
- While the cost of parsing an alias file is usually negligi-
- ble, it's wise to take savings anywhere savings can be
- found. Therefore, it's worth mentioning _s_m_a_i_l's parsing
- strategy. _s_m_a_i_l will try to get by with doing as little
- work as possible when aliasing. If on a particular invoca-
- tion of _s_m_a_i_l, none of the recipent addresses are local,
- (i.e., not potential aliases) then the _a_l_i_a_s_e_s file won't
- even be read. Similarly, when an _a_l_i_a_s_e_s file is read, it
- does not expand any of the :include: files until they are
- referenced. Thus, in the alias (above) for _m_y_l_i_s_t, the file
- :_i_n_c_l_u_d_e:/_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_m_l/_m_y_l_i_s_t would not be opened and read
- (parsed) unless mail was sent to _m_y_l_i_s_t. Wise use of
- :include: files can greatly increase the efficiency of the
- alias utility. It's not clear exactly where the _b_r_e_a_k-_e_v_e_n
- point is when deciding to use an :include: file in an
- alias, versus having all of the recipents listed on the
- line; but if a mailing list is large (whatever that means)
- it is wise to use the :include: feature to save on parsing
- costs. Note that this discussion only applies to the first
- form of file inclusion, since reading an _a_l_i_a_s_e_s file
-
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- 2
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- ALIASES(8)
-
-
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- constitutes a reference to :include: files of the second
- form.
-
- There is another form of aliasing which works with the alias
- capability. This is called _p_e_r _u_s_e_r _f_o_r_w_a_r_d_i_n_g. For a given
- user name, if there is no alias for the user then, if the
- file _u_s_e_r/._f_o_r_w_a_r_d exists, then its contents will be
- treated as an alias for the user. The syntax is the same as
- that of the recipient lists in the alias file described
- above.
-
- One difference between _s_m_a_i_l and _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l is that _s_m_a_i_l
- doesn't handle stuff like mail to files or command execu-
- tion.
-
- SEE ALSO
- smail(8), paths(8), pathproc(8)
-
- VERSION
- @(#)aliases.8 2.5 (smail) 9/15/87
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