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-
- Using QEMM's Analysis Procedure to Find Memory Conflicts
-
-
-
- This QEMM 7 technote is an abridged version of a technical
- bulletin that is available through our standard support channels.
- The information contained in this version pertains ONLY to QEMM
- version 7.0. If you need information relating to earlier versions
- of QEMM or if you are interested in a lengthier discussion of this
- subject, you can obtain the unabridged version from the following
- sources:
-
- Quarterdeck Technical Support BBS: EXCLUDE.TEC
- CompuServe: EXCLUD.TEC
- Q/FAX: #239
-
-
- Subject: Finding potential conflicts in the address space between
- 640K and 1MB by using QEMM's Analysis procedure. An important
- note for users on network workstations.
-
-
- The purpose of this document is to explain the use of QEMM's
- ANALYSIS feature. ANALYSIS is a procedure used to find address
- space between 640K and 1024K that is used by your hardware (or,
- in rare cases, by software programs) but whose use is undetected
- by QEMM during bootup. To prevent memory conflicts, these areas
- must be excluded explicitly on the QEMM386.SYS line of the
- CONFIG.SYS. PLEASE NOTE: If you are using Stealth ROM, you
- should refer to our Stealth ROM troubleshooting technical
- bulletin STEALTH.TEC.
-
- WHAT IS ANALYSIS?
-
- Whenever QEMM is "on" it monitors the use of the first megabyte
- of address space. The QEMM/ANALYSIS screen of MANIFEST points
- out portions of the address space that need to be excluded from
- QEMM's use because they are being used by a hardware device
- installed in your PC or by a piece of software you are running.
- Such addresses are indicated on the ANALYSIS screen by the letter
- X (which appears red on color monitors.)
-
- WHY SHOULD I USE ANALYSIS?
-
- If you are getting an Exception #13 error message, are unable to
- access your network when QEMM is installed, cannot access a
- floppy, use your printer, or run some program, are experiencing
- lock-ups at some identifiable point in operating your computer
- (from booting the system to running your word processor), or have
- some other problem when running QEMM that you do not have when
- you do not run QEMM, then the ANALYSIS procedure may be a useful
- diagnostic process.
-
- You may also want to use ANALYSIS in order to find address space
- that is NEVER accessed by your hardware or software so that these
- areas can be INCLUDED for QEMM's use, increasing your available
- High RAM.
-
- WHY IS THIS NECESSARY?
-
- This procedure may be necessary at times because some Adapter
- ROMs and Adapter RAMs do not identify themselves in such a way as
- to be detected properly by QEMM. Adapter ROMs are supposed to
- identify their length in the third byte of the ROM itself, but
- sometimes report a smaller size. Adapter RAM that is not active
- at bootup time looks exactly like unoccupied address space. QEMM
- maps memory into unused address space between 640 and 1024K, and
- will map over such adapter ROMs and RAMs.
-
- Also, some special CGA video cards have two pages of video: one
- at B800-BBFF, the second at BC00-BFFF. QEMM may map over the
- second page, causing a conflict if you run a program that tries
- to use the second page. In rare situations a program may use
- portions of the upper address space directly.
-
- HOW DOES ANALYSIS WORK?
-
- The QEMM/ANALYSIS screen of MANIFEST is a cross-reference between
- the QEMM/TYPE and QEMM/ACCESSED screens. The TYPE screen shows
- who QEMM thinks is using the address space: Video, ROM, Page
- frame, High RAM, etc. The ACCESSED screen shows whether the
- address space has been accessed. The ANALYSIS screen reports
- that address space should be excluded from QEMM's use when ALL of
- the following conditions exist:
-
- 1) QEMM is not itself accessing the upper address space (as it
- will when the RAM parameter is on the QEMM386.SYS line of the
- CONFIG.SYS.
-
- 2) QEMM is finding that some portion of the address space is
- being accessed.
-
- 3) QEMM is not detecting the existence of a video card, ROM,
- adapter RAM or ROM, or the like in this same portion of the
- address space, but is finding it "mappable" instead.
-
- How do I use ANALYSIS to find EXCLUDEs?
-
- 1. The first step is to determine if QEMM's Stealth ROM feature
- is enabled. At the DOS prompt, type QEMM and press Enter.
-
- A report summarizing QEMM's status is displayed. If you see the
- line Stealth Type = M or Stealth Type = F, Stealth ROM is
- enabled; make a note of the mode being used (M or F.)
-
- 2. Use a text editor to edit your CONFIG.SYS file and type REM
- followed by a space at the beginning of the line that starts as
- follows:
-
- DEVICE=C:\QEMM\QEMM386.SYS (REM causes the line to be ignored).
-
- The line should look something like this:
-
- REM DEVICE=C:\QEMM\QEMM386.SYS (parameters not shown)
-
- 3. Add a new line directly below the line you just edited. What
- the line says depends on whether Stealth ROM is enabled on your
- system.
-
- If you are using Stealth ROM: Add the following line,
- substituting the appropriate Stealth ROM letter, M or F for the x
- in ST:x.
-
- DEVICE=C:\QEMM\QEMM386.SYS ON MAPS=0 ST:x FSTC:Y
-
- If you are not using Stealth ROM: Add the following line:
-
- DEVICE=C:\QEMM\QEMM386.SYS ON MAPS=0
-
- 4. Save your CONFIG.SYS file and reboot your PC.
-
- Now you are ready to use the program or device that has been
- giving you trouble since you installed QEMM. If the problem is
- with a piece of software, run that program and access the
- features you normally use. If you are having trouble with a
- particular hardware operation, perform that operation.
-
- If you are attempting to find addresses that can be INCLUDED for
- QEMM's use, use every piece of software that you might use during
- the course of your workday and use as many features as possible.
- Access every hardware device. If you use DESQview, run it but
- then exit without running any programs inside of it.
-
- PLEASE NOTE: The new QEMM line you added for the Analysis
- procedure did not include the RAM parameter. That means you no
- longer have High RAM, so device drivers and TSRs will load low
- and you will not have as much conventional memory to run
- programs. We will add the RAM parameter back later.
-
- 5. Without rebooting your computer, run Manifest by typing MFT at
- the DOS prompt. Look at the QEMM/ANALYSIS screen. If you see
- any "X's" these areas must be excluded by adding an appropriate
- EXCLUDE statement to the QEMM device line. If you see "I's" you
- can try to INCLUDE them. The green "I's" that you see on the
- QEMM/ANALYSIS screen indicate that this portion of the address
- space has not been accessed by anyone YET and QEMM is not mapping
- this portion of the address space. It is quite possible that
- this portion of the address space will be accessed later. (As an
- example: The portion of the system BIOS ROM that contains the
- code for controlling the floppy drive may report that it is
- includable until you actually use the drive. If you INCLUDE it
- you will have no problem until you access a floppy.) In essence
- what Manifest is saying is "You may be able to use these upper
- memory addresses to load drivers and TSR's. But maybe not." If
- you notice any problems after adding INCLUDEs, remove them one by
- one until you determine which you can safely use.
-
- 6. Our final step is to edit the CONFIG.SYS file. Delete the
- word REM from the original QEMM386.SYS line. Then use EXCLUDE
- statements to prevent QEMM from mapping memory into addresses
- used by your devices and/or software, as determined by the
- ANALYSIS procedure. If the ANALYSIS screen suggested areas to be
- INCLUDED, add INCLUDE statements also. If you are not sure of
- the correct syntax to use for INCLUDE and EXCLUDE statements,
- refer to your QEMM manual.
-
- Delete the QEMM device line we created for our ANALYSIS, then
- save the new CONFIG.SYS file and rerun Optimize. (This is
- necessary whenever you do something which alters your regions of
- High RAM.)
-
- CAN ANALYSIS FAIL?
-
- Some hardware devices may use upper address space, but only
- momentarily. For instance, there is a Bernoulli drive that has
- an Adapter ROM that goes in the upper address space. When the
- device driver for the Bernoulli Box loads it searches for itself
- at the beginning of every 8K portion of the address space
- beginning at C800. If the Adapter ROM happens to be located at
- DC00, then the device driver will access every other 4k of the
- address space from C800 to DC00, causing Xs to appear on the
- ANALYSIS screen every other block in this area. These areas,
- however, are only being used during the searching process and
- need not be excluded except, possibly, the DC00-DEFF, where the
- Adapter ROM of the Bernoulli actually resides. In such a case,
- it would be necessary to experiment with each exclude in order to
- find out what exclusion is really needed.
-
- Additionally, QEMM is not active while you are running Microsoft
- Windows in its 386 Enhanced mode and the ANALYSIS process is not
- useful for the period of time that you are in Enhanced Mode.
-
- WHAT IS THE COST FOR EXCLUDING AN AREA OF UPPER MEMORY?
-
- EXCLUDing a portion of the address space will cost you some
- usable High RAM. It will not make your system malfunction in any
- way. While you do not want to forfeit any usable High RAM by
- excluding a larger area of upper memory than necessary, failing
- to exclude an area used by your hardware can cause your system to
- lock up or malfunction in some other way.
-
- SUMMARY
-
- QEMM does its best to identify upper memory address space that is
- being used by your hardware and software, but is not always 100%
- successful. ANALYSIS is a tool to allow you to identify address
- space between 640K and 1024K that is being used by your hardware
- (or, in rare cases, by a piece of software) which cannot be
- identified through the documentation accompanying the product.
-
- ******************************************************************
- This technical note may be copied and distributed freely as long
- as it is distributed in its entirety and it is not distributed
- for profit. Copyright (C) 1990-93 by Quarterdeck Office Systems
- ******************** E N D O F F I L E ***********************