1988, 1989, 1990, Informix Software, Inc. All rights reserved.
HyperScript is a registered trademark and Wingz is a trademark of Informix Software, Inc. Presentation Manager and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Lotus and 1-2-3 are registered trademarks of Lotus Development Corporation.
The Help window provides on-line assistance while you are using Wingz.
To open the Help window, choose Wingz Help from the Help pull-down, or press the F1 key .
The Help window can remain on the screen to provide reference information while you are working on a worksheet. It can be moved and resized so you can see both the Help window and your worksheet at the same time.
When the Help window is active, information about an action is displayed when you choose the action from the Wingz pull-down.
Some pull-down actions perform their normal functions instead of displaying related help information. These include New, Open, Close, Exit, Wingz Help, About Wingz and Arrange Windows.
The Help Window displays text on a single topic. It also contains a related topics Pull-down, four pushbuttons, and a scroll bar to help you find and read Help information. Use Page Up and Page Down keys to browse through large help topics.
The related topics Pull-down pops open when you click it. Select a related topic from the Pull-down to display Help information about that topic.
The Next pushbutton displays information about the next Help topic.
The Previous pushbutton displays information about the previous Help topic.
The Topics pushbutton opens the Help Topics pop-up window (much like a table of contents).
The Index pushbutton opens the Help Index pop-up window, which lists keywords alphabetically.
The Help window can remain on screen to provide reference information while you are working on a worksheet. It can be moved and resized so you can see both the Help window and your worksheet at the same time.
To arrange the Help window and other active windows, choose Arrange Windows from the Window pull-down.
You can open additional Help windows if you want to review information about more than one topic at a time.
To close the Help window, click the system menu icon and choose Close from the System menu pull-down.
The Topics pushbutton in the Help window opens the Help Topics pop-up window (much like a table of contents).
Select a topic, then click Help to display information about that topic.
The Index pushbutton in the Help window opens the Help Index pop-up window, which contains an alphabetical index of Wingz keywords.
Select a keyword in the index, then click Help to display information about that keyword.
When you access Help via the Help Index pop-up window, the Next and Previous pushbuttons display the next or previous occurrence of the keyword. If the keyword occurs nowhere else, the Next and Previous pushbuttons are greyed.
When the Help window is active, information about an action is displayed when you choose the action from the Wingz pull-down.
Some pull-down actions perform their normal functions instead of displaying related help information. These include New, Open, Close, Exit, Wingz Help, About Wingz, and Arrange Windows.
When you use Wingz, you work in a worksheet grid. This grid has 32,768 columns, 32,768 rows, and over one billion cells.
To move around the worksheet, use the scroll bars, scroll arrows, and slider boxes. When you drag a slider box, Wingz displays an indicator box to let you know where you are in the grid. Wingz also provides the Navigator (located to the left of the Entry Bar) and keyboard shortcuts.
You can alter the worksheet to meet your needs. You can change column widths and row heights, as well as column headings. You can also insert more rows and columns
or just a range of blank cells
if you find you need them after you have entered a lot of data. You can even change the scale of the worksheet to highlight certain information or display more information.
In addition, Wingz provides a variety of actions that allow you to audit the contents of your worksheets.
To enter data into a worksheet, you begin by selecting a cell. You can select one cell at a time, a range of cells, or an entire column or row of your worksheet.
You can also select a range based on the type of data the cells contain. You can specify that only text cells, numeric cells, or formula cells be included in a selected range. You can then use other worksheet actions to format, protect, or obtain more information about these cells.
Before you can enter data in a cell and work with it, you must select the cell.
NUM1. Click the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Click the cell to select it.
When you select the Worksheet Tool, the pointer appears as a crossbar in the grid. The cell you select becomes the current cell and is highlighted. Its cell reference appears in the upper-left portion of the Entry Bar.
To select two or more non-adjacent cells, select the first cell and hold down the Ctrl key as you select the additional cells.
To select a range within the worksheet, use the Worksheet Tool to click the first cell in the range, then drag to the last cell of the range.
To select a large range, click the first cell in the range, scroll to the end of the range, and hold down the Shift key as you click the last cell.
To select two or more non-adjacent ranges, select the first range and hold down the Ctrl key as you select the additional ranges.
The range is highlighted as you select it. The first cell becomes the current cell.
Press Enter to move the cell highlighter from top to bottom in the selected range. Press Tab to move from left to right in the selected range. Press Shift-Enter to move from bottom to top in the range, and Shift-Tab to move from right to left.
To change an anchor point in a selected range, hold down the Shift key and click the new anchor point.
To select the grid containing the column and row headings, double-click the upper-left corner of the worksheet.
To select the entire worksheet, choose Select All from the Edit pull-down or click the upper-left corner of the worksheet.
Use the Worksheet Tool to select a row or column.
To select an entire row, click the row number.
To select an entire column, click the column heading.
To select several rows or columns at once, drag across the row numbers or column headings.
To select two or more non-adjacent ranges, select the first range and hold down the Ctrl key as you select additional ranges. Select non-adjacent rows or columns the same way.
You can select an entire row or column or several rows or columns. When you select a row or column, all 32,768 cells of the row or column are selected. The rows or columns are highlighted as you select them.
When you select a row, the current cell is the first cell that appears in the window in that row. When you select a column, the current cell is the first cell that appears in the window in that column.
Choose Select from the Go pull-down and the type of cell contents (Text Cells, Value Cells, Error Cells, Locked Cells, Blank Cells, or Formula Cells) from the cascading pull-down.
Once you have entered data and formulas in your worksheet, you can select cells by their contents
text, numeric values, or formulas. You can then use other worksheet actions to format these cells, protect them, or modify them.
You can move from one selected cell to another by pressing the Tab or Enter key.
You must first select an object before you can copy, move, or resize it.
NUM1. Click the Object Tool.
NUM2. Click the object to select it.
When you select the Object Tool, the pointer appears as a crosshair. Use the Object Tool to select an object or an element of a chart. Square handles appear at the outside edges of a selected object.
To select two or more objects, select the first object and hold down the Ctrl key as you select the additional objects.
Choose Select All from the Edit pull-down to select the entire worksheet and all charts, fields, buttons, and objects on the worksheet.
The Select All action selects all material on the worksheet, including items currently hidden by the Show action on the Window pull-down.
Press Enter to move the cell highlighter down one row. Press Tab to move right one column. Press Shift-Enter to move up one row, and Shift-Tab to move left one column.
Click an arrow in the Navigator (located to the left of the Entry Bar) to go to the next filled cell that borders a blank cell. If the Navigator does not find a filled cell in the current row or column, it displays the edge of the worksheet.
Use the keys next to the numeric keypad on an extended keyboard to move around quickly. Home takes you to the first cell in the current row. Press Home while holding down the Ctrl key to move to the first cell in the worksheet, A1. End takes you to the last cell in the current row. Press End while holding down the Ctrl key to move to the last cell on the worksheet, AVLH32768. Page Up and Page Down take you up or down one screen on the worksheet. Press Page Up while holding down the Ctrl key to display the screen to the left of the current worksheet. Press Page Down while holding down the Ctrl key to display the screen to the right of the current worksheet. Arrow keys take you up, down, left, or right one cell.
Use the scroll bars to move around the worksheet in the usual fashion. An indicator box helps you find a column or row when you drag a slider box.
You can move directly to any cell or range in the worksheet.
NUM1. Choose Find from the Go pull-down.
NUM2. Click Cell in the pop-up window that appears.
NUM3. Type the cell or range reference in the text box.
NUM4. Click OK.
You can also use the Find action to locate cells that contain the text string, value, formula, or expression result (criteria) you specify in the pop-up window.
You can copy the contents of a cell, range, text field, or an object from one part of the worksheet to another or to another worksheet.
NUM1. Select a cell, range, text field, or object.
NUM2. Choose Copy from the Edit pull-down.
NUM3. Using the worksheet tool, select the cell or range where you want this material to appear.
NUM4. Choose Paste from the Edit pull-down.
When you choose Copy, Wingz makes a copy of the selected worksheet material on the Clipboard. You can paste this copy as many times as you want, in different locations, until you change the contents of the Clipboard.
If the destination range is larger than the source range, Wingz repeats the copied data to fill the destination range. If the destination range is smaller, Wingz pastes as much of the source range as it can fit. If the destination range is a single cell, the entire source range is pasted, starting at that cell.
If you copy cells that contain formulas, relative cell references in those formulas change automatically.
You can paste the information on the Clipboard into the currently selected range as values. The result of a formula is pasted in, rather than the formula itself.
NUM1. Select a cell or range with the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Choose Copy from the Edit pull-down.
NUM3. Select another cell or range.
NUM4. Choose Paste Special from the Edit pull-down and Values from the cascading pull-down.
You can paste the formatting information of the cells in the Clipboard into the currently selected ranges. If all the cells in the Clipboard contain the same format, that format is applied to all selected ranges.
NUM1. Select a formatted cell or range of cells with the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Choose Copy from the Edit pull-down.
NUM3. Select another cell or range.
NUM4. Choose Paste Special from the Edit pull-down and Format from the cascading pull-down.
You can combine the values of a selected range with the values of the range stored on the Clipboard. This operation is useful for consolidating worksheets.
NUM1. Select a cell or range of cells with the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Choose Copy from the Edit pull-down.
NUM3. Select another cell or range or cells.
NUM4. Choose Paste Special from the Edit pull-down and Add, Subtract, Multiply, or Divide from the cascading pull-down.
For example: Copy a range of two cells with the values 2 and 3, then select a range with the values 8 and 9. Choose Paste Special from the Edit pull-down and Divide from the cascading pull-down. The selected range is divided by the range stored on the Clipboard, and the values 4 (8 divided by 2) and 3 (9 divided by 3) replace 8 and 9 on the worksheet.
NUM1. Select a range.
NUM2. Choose Copy Down or Copy Right from the Edit pull-down.
Copy Down duplicates the contents of the top row of a range into the cells below.
Copy Right duplicates the contents of the left column of a range into the cells to the right.
If you duplicate cells that contain formulas, relative cell references in those formulas change automatically.
You can fill a range of cells with regularly incremented numbers, dates, day names, month names, and quarters with the Fill action.
NUM1. Select a range.
NUM2. If desired, enter a starting value in the first cell in the range and an ending value in the last cell in the range.
NUM3. Choose Fill from the Sheet pull-down.
If the range selected is empty, it is filled by columns with numbers starting at 1.00 and increasing by 1 in each cell.
When the first cell already has a number, that number is used as the starting number. If the last cell also has a number, the cells between the first and last are filled by regular increments from the first number to the last number.
When the first cell in the selected range contains a day name, such as Monday, the range is filled by rows with day names. Month names and Quarters (e.g.,
1st Quarter
) work the same way.
If you place a date in the first cell, Wingz fills the range with dates.
To use a range of data from another worksheet, Copy (or Cut) and Paste using the Clipboard.
NUM1. Open the worksheet containing the range to be copied.
NUM2. Select a range with the Worksheet Tool.
NUM3. Choose Cut or Copy from the Edit pull-down.
NUM4. Activate the window containing the destination worksheet.
NUM5. Select a range in the destination worksheet.
NUM6. Choose Paste from the Edit pull-down.
If the destination range is larger than the source range, Wingz places multiple copies of the source data into the destination range. If the destination range is smaller, Wingz pastes as much of the source range as it can fit. If the destination range is a single cell, the entire source range is pasted, starting at that cell.
If you copy cells that contain formulas, the relative cell references change automatically.
You can also use the actions from the Paste Special cascading pull-down of the Edit pull-down to paste the information on the Clipboard onto a worksheet. Use the Values action from the Paste Special cascading pull-down to paste formula results into the destination range. Use the Format action from the Paste Special cascading pull-down to paste format information into the destination range. Use the Add, Subtract, Multiply, and Divide actions from the Paste Special cascading pull-down to combine the values in the destination range with the values of the range stored on the Clipboard.
You can move the contents of a cell, range, text field, or an object from one part of the worksheet to another or to another worksheet.
NUM1. Select a cell, range, text field, or object.
NUM2. Choose Cut from the Edit pull-down.
NUM3. Select a second cell or range.
NUM4. Choose Paste from the Edit pull-down.
Cut removes the contents of the worksheet material and saves it on the Clipboard. It does not remove the cells themselves. You can paste the copy as many times as you want, in different locations, until you change the contents of the Clipboard.
When you move cells, the size of the source and destination ranges is important. If the destination range is larger than the source range, Wingz places multiple copies of the source data into the destination range. If the destination range is smaller, Wingz pastes as much of the source range as it can fit. If the destination range is a single cell, the entire source range is pasted, starting at that cell.
If you move cells that contain formulas, relative cell references in those formulas change automatically.
You can also use the actions from the Paste Special cascading pull-down of the Edit pull-down to paste the information on the Clipboard onto a worksheet. Use the Values action from the Paste Special cascading pull-down to paste formula results into the destination range. Use the Format action from the Paste Special cascading pull-down to paste format information into the destination range. Use the Add, Subtract, Multiply, and Divide actions from the Paste Special cascading pull-down to combine the values in the destination range with the values of the range stored on the Clipboard.
You can combine the values of a selected range with the values of the range stored on the Clipboard. This operation is useful for consolidating worksheets.
NUM1. Select a cell or range of cells with the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Choose Copy from the Edit pull-down.
NUM3. Select another cell or range or cells.
NUM4. Choose Paste Special from the Edit pull-down and Add, Subtract, Multiply, or Divide from the cascading pull-down.
For example: Copy a range of two cells with the values 2 and 3, then select a range with the values 8 and 9. Choose Paste Special from the Edit pull-down and Divide from the cascading pull-down. The selected range is divided by the range stored on the Clipboard, and the values 4 (8 divided by 2) and 3 (9 divided by 3) replace 8 and 9 on the worksheet.
NUM1. Select a range.
NUM2. If desired, enter a starting value in the first cell in the range and an ending value in the last cell in the range.
NUM3. Choose Fill from the Sheet pull-down.
The Fill action is a shortcut for entering values into a range in regular increments.
If the range selected is empty, it is filled by columns with numbers starting at 1.00 and increasing by 1 in each cell.
If the first cell already has a number, that number is used as the starting number. If the last cell also has a number, the cells between the first and last are filled by regular increments from the first number to the last number.
If the first cell in the selected range contains a day name, such as Monday, the range is filled by rows with day names. Month names and Quarters (e.g.,
1st Quarter
) work the same way.
If you place a date in the first cell, Wingz fills the range with dates.
Choose Undo from the Edit pull-down to reverse the effects of many (but not all) worksheet changes.
You can undo a Cut, Paste, Clear, Insert, Delete, Copy Right, Copy Down, and Paste Special action. Undo reverses editing actions only; it does not reverse actions that initiate calculations, such as Recalc or Regression.
You can toggle between Undo and Redo. Choose Redo to perform the action that was reversed with Undo.
You can remove the contents of a cell, range, text field, pushbutton, or object without saving a copy on the Clipboard.
NUM1. Select a cell, range of cells, text field, or object on the worksheet.
NUM2. Choose Clear from the Edit pull-down, or press the Delete key or the Backspace key.
If you want to save a copy of the worksheet material on the Clipboard, choose Cut instead of Clear.
Clear removes the contents of selected cells without removing the cells themselves. If you want to delete both the cells and their contents, choose Delete from the Edit pull-down.
If you accidentally remove worksheet information, you can restore it by immediately choosing Undo from the Edit pull-down. You can protect your data against accidental loss with the Protection action from the Sheet pull-down.
By choosing actions from the Clear Special cascading pull-down, you can remove only a portion of the information that is attached to a cell or range.
Choose the Format option to remove any formatting that has been defined for the selected range.
Choose the Formula option to remove all formulas and replace the contents of the cells with the formula values.
Choose the Data option to remove only the data from the cell without removing any of the defined formatting for the cell.
You can remove a column, row, or range
and all of the contents of their cells
from the worksheet. When you choose Delete, the selected row, column, or range is removed. The remaining cells in the worksheet shift up or to the left to fill the space.
NUM1. Select the row, column, or range.
NUM2. Choose Delete from the Edit pull-down.
Any object layered over the deleted row, column, or range is resized accordingly.
IMPORTANT: If you accidentally remove cells, immediately choose Undo from the Edit pull-down to restore them.
By default, Wingz is set to calculate a formula result immediately after the formula has been entered. When you change the value in a cell that is referenced in a formula, the formula is automatically recalculated to display the correct value.
You can choose to recalculate formulas manually or automatically. If you choose manual recalculation, the formulas in the worksheet are only recalculated when you choose Recalc from the Go pull-down. If you choose automatic recalculation, all formulas in the worksheet are recalculated when information is entered or changed in the worksheet.
Choose Recalc Info from the Go pull-down and Manual Recalc from the cascading pull-down.
Manual Recalc delays recalculation until you choose the Recalc action from the Go pull-down; Automatic Recalc calculates after every entry.
Manual Recalc allows you to view values in the worksheet before calculation and between iterations. Cells that depend on changed cells continue to display their previous values until recalculation updates them.
Choose Recalc Info from the Go pull-down and Automatic Recalc from the cascading pull-down.
Use Automatic Recalc when you want Wingz to recalculate the worksheet (and all associated charts) immediately after every cell entry or change. Choose this action to reverse a previous manual recalculation selection.
Choose Manual Recalc from the Recalc Info cascading pull-down to delay recalculation until you choose the Recalc action from the Go pull-down.
Choose Recalc Info from the Go pull-down and a selection from the cascading pull-down to specify the calculation order.
Column or row recalculation is a technique used to analyze certain kinds of financial models. It contrasts with natural recalculation (the default setting), in which the order of dependency of formulas, and not the position of formulas on the worksheet, determines the calculation order.
NUM1. Choose Recalc Info from the Go pull-down and Iteration from the cascading pull-down.
NUM2. Enter the maximum number of iterations, the minimum change between iterations, and the cell to be tested for the minimum change in the pop-up window.
NUM3. Click OK.
The Iteration options only apply to worksheets that contain circular references.
When you select Iterations, Wingz repeatedly calculates the worksheet and checks the results of the previous calculation in each subsequent calculation. Recalculation of the worksheet continues until the amount of change in the Test Cell from one iteration to the next is less than or equal to the value defined for the Max Change. The number of recalculations never exceeds the number specified in Max Iterations.
You can change many aspects of the displayed worksheet. Column width, row height, and the scale of the worksheet can be increased or decreased. Columns, rows, and ranges can be inserted anywhere on the worksheet. Worksheet elements can be hidden or displayed. Titles allow you to freeze part of the worksheet for display while you are scrolling in the worksheet.
You can easily move the lines in the worksheet grid to create the column width you need.
NUM1. Click the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Point to the right grid line in the heading of the column you want to change. The crossbar pointer becomes a double-pointed arrow.
NUM3. Drag the grid line right or left to change the column width.
Graphic objects, text fields, and pushbuttons layered over the columns may distort as you change the column width.
To set the column width of several columns:
NUM1. Click the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Select the columns you want to change.
NUM3. Drag the right grid line in the heading of a selected column.
The width of each of the selected columns changes to match the column you resize.
To copy the width of another column:
NUM1. Click the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Select the column or columns you want to change.
NUM3. Click on the right grid line in the heading of the column you want to match.
You can easily move the lines in the worksheet grid to create the row height you need.
NUM1. Click the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Point to the bottom grid line in the heading of the row you want to change. The crossbar pointer becomes a double-pointed arrow.
NUM3. Drag the grid line up or down to change the row height.
Graphic objects, text fields, and buttons layered over the rows may distort as you change the row height.
To set the row height of several rows:
NUM1. Click the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Select the rows you want to change.
NUM3. Drag the bottom grid line in the heading of a selected row.
The height of each of the selected rows changes to match the row you resize.
To copy the height of another row:
NUM1. Click the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Select the row or rows you want to change.
NUM3. Click on the bottom grid line in the heading of the row you want to match.
You can use either numbers or letters as column headings.
To change column letters to numbers, choose Column Heading from the Window pull-down and R1C1..R2C2 from the cascading pull-down.
To change column numbers to letters, choose Column Heading from the Window pull-down and A1..B2 from the cascading pull-down.
Wingz automatically converts cell references in formulas to the format you are using.
You can insert rows, columns, or ranges of empty cells anywhere in the worksheet.
NUM1. Select a row, column, or range of cells.
NUM2. Choose Insert from the Edit pull-down.
If you select a row, Wingz inserts a row before the selected row. The contents of the selected row move down one row.
If you select a column, Wingz inserts a column before the selected column. The contents of the selected column move one column to the right.
If you select a range, Wingz inserts an equivalent range of blank cells to the left of the selected range and shifts the contents of the selected cells to the right.
Any object layered over the deleted row, column, or range is resized accordingly.
You can alter the size of the entire worksheet, both on screen and in print.
Choose Scale from the Window pull-down and a scale from the cascading pull-down. Use the Other action from the cascading pull-down to apply a scale between 24% and 400%.
All elements of the worksheet (cells, charts, pushbuttons, and so on) are enlarged or reduced, depending on the scale you choose. The Entry Bar and the scroll bars on the window are not reduced. Changing the scale allows you to view a larger section of your worksheet, or zoom in on information and make it much larger.
The default window scale is 100%.
Choose Show from the Window pull-down and a worksheet element from the cascading pull-down.
Use the Show action to hide or display a specific type of information on the worksheet (for example, titles, text fields, worksheet notes, graphics, controls, the cell grid, or the Entry Bar). The information is not removed from the worksheet; it is only hidden from view.
A check mark appears next to each type of information currently displayed. Choose a checked item to hide the information.
To show more of the grid in the window, you can hide the Entry Bar and the Tool Box.
Use the Titles action from the cascading pull-down to hide titles you have set up with the Set Titles action.
You can
freeze
row or column titles so they do not scroll off the screen when you move around the worksheet.
NUM1. Select the row or column containing the titles you want fixed on the screen. To set both row and column titles at the same time, select the cell where the row and column containing the titles intersect.
NUM2. Choose Set Titles from the Window pull-down.
As you scroll through worksheets that contain long columns or rows of data, you may want to see the column or row labels that apply to the data. You keep these labels in view by using the Set Titles action.
The title area can occupy one or more columns or rows. You can set up both horizontal and vertical title areas. The title area is marked by unbroken grid lines.
To suppress a title area from view, Choose Show from the Window pull-down and Titles from the cascading pull-down.
After you have a worksheet containing data, you can select a range based on the type of data the cells contain. You can specify the selection of the current cell, all active cells, related cells, blank cells, cells referring to blank cells, formulas returning errors, all unreferenced cells, and a variety of other selections.
Choose Select from the Go pull-down and Current Cell from the cascading pull-down to display the portion of the worksheet containing the current cell.
Wingz highlights the current cell when you use the Current Cell action.
Choose Select from the Go pull-down and Active Cells from the cascading pull-down to highlight a range containing all cells which contain data, a format, or an object.
You can use this action with the Report Print Range action from the Sheet menu to prepare a report that displays all worksheet data.
Choose Select from the Go pull-down and Last Cell from the cascading pull-down to select the last cell in the worksheet's active range.
Wingz provides several ways to determine the formula relationships (precedents and dependents) across cells.
NUM1. Select a cell.
NUM2. Choose Select from the Go pull-down and the desired action from the cascading pull-down.
The following actions are available to identify cell formula relationships:
All Precedents selects cells that are referenced, directly or indirectly, by the formula contained in the current cell.
All Dependents selects cells containing formulas which reference the current cell directly or indirectly.
Direct Precedents selects cells that are directly referenced in the formula contained in the current cell.
Direct Dependents selects cells containing formulas which reference the current cell directly.
Choose Select from the Go pull-down and Blank Cells from the cascading pull-down.
Blank cells are cells that have been formatted, but do not yet contain any data.
Wingz highlights all blank cells. You can move from range to range and check the format of blank cells
which are not usually visible
by checking the list of options in the Format pull-down. When a formatting option applies to a cell or range, it is checked in the pull-down. You can then change the format, if appropriate.
Choose Select from the Go pull-down and References to Blanks from the cascading pull-down.
Formulas can refer to blank or empty cells. In some instances, the formula may not yield the planned result. References to Blanks highlights all the cells containing formulas that refer to either blank or empty cells.
Both blank and empty cells contain no data. Blank cells, however, are formatted and as such are considered active cells.
Choose Select from the Go pull-down and Error Cells from the cascading pull-down.
Error Cells highlights cells containing formulas that Enter errors.
Choose Select from the Go pull-down and Unreferenced Cells from the cascading pull-down.
Unreferenced cells contain data, but are not referenced by any formula in the worksheet.
You can move directly to a named range with the Name action.
Choose Name from the Go pull-down and a range name from the cascading pull-down.
When you choose Name from the Go pull-down, Wingz displays all defined cell and range names for the current worksheet.
Wingz worksheets can include text fields, charts, graphic objects, and controls. Controls allow you to automate many worksheet functions.
You can open a worksheet from the Wingz action bar.
You can save the changes you make to a worksheet as you work, or you can save the changes when you close the worksheet window or exit Wingz.
You can save more than one version of a worksheet.
You can discard the worksheet changes and recall the old version if you decide you like the old one better.
You can protect a worksheet so that others cannot access or change it.
You can print a worksheet or script.
In addition to opening new or existing Wingz worksheets, Wingz allows you to open worksheets created by a different spreadsheet product. In fact, you can open and use any worksheet saved in a Lotus, SYLK, DIF, or ASCII Text file format.
To open a new worksheet from the Wingz action bar, choose New from the File pull-down.
When you open a new worksheet, the Wingz worksheet grid is displayed in a window titled
Sheet.
Subsequent new worksheets are titled
Sheet#
(where # indicates the worksheet
s chronological place among open worksheets of the same name). You can open as many new worksheets as your operating system's memory allows.
You can name a new worksheet with the Save As action. A pop-up window prompts you for a worksheet name and type.
To open an existing worksheet from the Wingz action bar, choose Open from the File pull-down and double-click the name of the worksheet you want to open in the pop-up window.
You can open Wingz worksheets and worksheets created with other products.
When you choose Open from the File pull-down, a pop-up window displays a list of Wingz worksheets you can open. Click All Documents to display a list of all files in the current folder, regardless of format. Click Wingz Spreadsheet to list only Wingz files.
Wingz can open files created in the following formats: SYLK, DIF, Lotus 1-2-3 versions 1A and 2.0, and Text.
Wingz automatically saves a worksheet in Wingz format. To save a worksheet in a format other than Wingz, choose Save As from the File pull-down. Use the File Type radio buttons in the pop-up window to specify the format you want.
NUM1. Choose Open from the File pull-down.
NUM2. Click All Documents in the pop-up window.
NUM3. Double-click the name of the worksheet.
Wingz can open files created in the following formats: SYLK, BIFF, DIF, Lotus 1-2-3 versions 1A and 2.0, and Text.
Wingz automatically saves a worksheet in Wingz format. To save a worksheet in a format other than Wingz, choose Save As from the File pull-down. Use the File Type radio buttons in the pop-up window to specify the format you want.
NUM1. Choose Save As from the File pull-down.
NUM2. Type a name in the pop-up window.
NUM3. Select a File Type to save the worksheet in a format other than Wingz.
NUM4. Click Save.
A worksheet name can contain up to 8 alphanumeric characters using the File Application Table (FAT). Using the High Performance File System (HPFS), a worksheet name can contain up to 254 characters.
IMPORTANT: If you plan to use external ("linked") references to the worksheet, do not use a numeric character as the first character of the file name. In addition, use only alphabetic characters for the rest of the characters in the file name. Wingz saves a copy of the worksheet on disk and displays the new name in the title bar.
You can save the worksheet in a format other than Wingz. Select a File Type in the pop-up window to save the worksheet in SYLK, DIF, Lotus 1-2-3 versions 1A or 2.0, or Text format.
If you have not previously saved a worksheet, the Save action opens the Save As pop-up window.
To save a Wingz worksheet, choose Save from the File pull-down.
To save a worksheet under another name or in another file format, choose Save As from the File pull-down, specify the File Type, and click Save.
Wingz worksheets are automatically saved in Wingz format. If you open a file in another format and make changes to it, the file is also saved as a Wingz worksheet. If you want to save it in a format other than Wingz, use the Save As action and select the File Type.
NUM1. Choose Save As from the File pull-down.
NUM2. Specify the format on the File Type radio button.
NUM3. Click Save.
Wingz worksheets are automatically saved in Wingz format. Use the Save As action to save worksheets in a format other than Wingz.
A confirmation pop-up window appears if Wingz cannot save a formula in the format you select. Click Cancel to cancel the save operation or OK to continue. If you choose to continue, click on the All Errors radio button to display all errors as they are encountered, or click on the Total Errors to display the number of errors encountered after the file has been saved.
Wingz saves incompatible formulas as text.
NUM1. Choose Revert to Saved from the File pull-down.
NUM2. Click OK in the confirmation pop-up window.
If you decide you do not want to save the changes you made to a worksheet, you can choose Revert to Saved. Wingz discards the new worksheet in memory and displays the worksheet as it was last saved on disk.
If you want to save the new version and also keep the old version, use the Save As action to give the new version a different name.
The Sheet Info pop-up window displays information about the worksheet.
NUM1. Select a cell, a range, or the entire worksheet.
NUM2. Choose Sheet Info from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Click OK.
The Sheet Info pop-up window includes the following information about the worksheet:
Whether or not the worksheet has been modified since becoming active or since it was last saved.
The total number of active cells.
The total number of cells that contain formulas.
Auto Save status, interval, and file name.
NUM1. Choose Page Setup from the File pull-down.
NUM2. Select the features you want to include (e.g. margins, color output, centering and the report border) when you print the worksheet and click the OK pushbutton.
NUM3. Use the Report cascading pull-down/Report Print Range action from the Sheet pull-down to select the range in the worksheet containing the information you want to print. Use other actions from the Report cascading pull-down to add headers, footers, and page breaks to your report.
NUM4. Choose Print from the File pull-down.
NUM5. Specify the desired printer settings in the Print pop-up window and click the OK pushbutton.
Use Page Setup to specify the print features you want when printing a worksheet. Use Print to send the page to the printer.
Wingz prints all worksheet information and objects shown in the selected range or ranges. Use the Show action from the Window pull-down to hide objects you do not want to print.
Use the Page Preview action from the File pull-down to preview sample pages before sending them to the printer. Wingz displays the current worksheet on screen as it will look when printed. Click Next and Prev to display the pages, or Goto to display a specific page.
NUM1. Use the Report/Report Print Range action from the Sheet pull-down to select the range in the worksheet containing the information you want to print. Use other actions from the Report cascading pull-down to add footers, headers, and page breaks to the printed worksheet.
NUM2. Choose Page Preview from the File pull-down.
The first time Page Preview is chosen after creating a file, the Page Setup pop-up window is displayed on the screen. Choose the page setup you want for the current worksheet and click OK to preview the worksheet.
Use Page Preview to preview sample pages before sending them to the printer. Wingz displays the current worksheet on screen as it will look when printed. Click Next and Prev to display all printed pages. Click Goto and enter a page number in the displayed pop-up window to view a specific page. Click Print to print the currently displayed page.
Wingz prints all worksheet information and objects shown in the selected range or ranges. Use the Show action from the Window pull-down to hide objects you do not want to print.
On a network, only the first user to open a worksheet can save the worksheet under its original name. If you open a worksheet that another user has opened, and you make changes to the worksheet, you must use Save As and save your changes under a different worksheet name.
IMPORTANT: To ensure the integrity of your Auto Save backup files, if you have multiple worksheets open and Auto Save is activated for each worksheet, or if you are using Auto Save in a network environment, assign a unique Auto Save file name for each of your worksheets.
NUM1. Choose Protection from the Sheet pull-down and Password from the cascading pull-down.
NUM2. If desired, click Read Only in the pop-up window.
NUM3. Enter a password of up to 15 characters.
NUM4. Click Encryption if you want to encrypt the worksheet.
NUM5. Click OK.
A read-only password permits password holders to read a worksheet but not save changes. A read/write password permits full access to the worksheet.
You can assign two passwords to a single worksheet. The first password is always a read/write password. You can set the second password to be read-only.
Encryption generates a scrambled worksheet when it is saved. When you open a worksheet with the password, Wingz unscrambles it so you can work with it.
IMPORTANT: Remember your password. If you forget it, you will not be able to open the worksheet.
Use Protection/Protect Cells from the Sheet pull-down to lock cells and prevent changes to individual cells or ranges. Use Select/Locked Cells from the Go pull-down to find locked cells.
The Wingz Auto Save feature allows you to routinely save your worksheets during a session, automatically. The Auto Save feature can be activated or deactivated for each worksheet. You can also set the interval at which automatic saves occur, specify the name of your Auto Save file, and specify the desktop folder location where you want the Auto Save file saved.
By default, Auto Save is deactivated. To activate it, select the Sheet Info action from the Format pull-down. When this pull-down item is selected, a pop-up window appears, allowing you to specify the Auto Save options.
IMPORTANT: To ensure the integrity of your Auto Save backup files, if you have multiple worksheets open and Auto Save is activated for each worksheet, or if you are using Auto Save in a network environment, assign a unique Auto Save file name for each of your worksheets.
Choose Close from the System menu pull-down .
If a Save pop-up window appears, click Yes to save changes. Click No if you do not want to save the changes. Click Cancel to continue working with the worksheet without saving changes.
When you close a worksheet, Wingz closes the window containing the worksheet (but does not exit Wingz). If you have made changes since you last saved the worksheet, Wingz asks if you want to save them.
If you have opened several windows for the same worksheet, Wingz closes only the active window.
If you open a file in another format, make changes to it, and choose Save from the File pull-down, the Save As pop-up window appears listing the default file as a Wingz worksheet. If you make changes and want to save the file in a format other than Wingz, use Save As from the File pull-down before you Close the file.
NUM1. Choose Exit from the File pull-down.
NUM2. If a Save pop-up window appears, click Yes to save changes. Click No if you do not want to save the changes. Click Cancel to continue working with Wingz without saving changes.
When you quit, Wingz closes the open windows and returns to the Program Manager.
If you have made changes to a worksheet since you last saved it, Wingz asks if you want to save the changes. Click Yes to replace the previously saved version of your worksheet with the current worksheet.
If you are working with more than one worksheet, Wingz displays each worksheet you have changed and asks if you want to save those changes.
If you open a file in another format, make changes to it, and choose Save from the File pull-down, the file is automatically saved as a Wingz worksheet. If you make changes and want to save the file in a format other than Wingz, use Save As from the File pull-down before you quit Wingz.
Entering data in Wingz worksheets is the starting point for developing and presenting information. You can enter text, numbers, dates, times, and formulas in the cells on the worksheet. Copy, change, and calculate the data to fit your needs.
As you type an entry, it appears in the Entry Bar. The entry or formula result is displayed in the cell when you press Enter or click the accept entry icon in the Entry Bar. When you select a cell, its contents automatically appear in the Entry Bar.
NUM1. Select a range with the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Type an entry in the first cell.
NUM3. Press Enter or click the accept entry icon in the Entry Bar.
NUM4. Type an entry in the next cell.
When you press the Enter key to enter values and formulas in a range, Wingz moves down the first column of the range, and then moves to the next column of the range. To move up, press Shift-Enter. To move to the right, press the Tab key instead of the Enter key. To move to the left, press Shift-Tab.
As you type an entry, it appears in the Entry Bar. The entry or formula result is displayed in the cell when you press Enter or click the accept entry icon in the Entry Bar. When you select a cell, its contents automatically appear in the Entry Bar.
NUM1. Select a cell or range with the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Type the text in the Entry Bar.
NUM3. Press Enter or click the accept entry icon in the Entry Bar.
Text entries can include letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and special characters. To use a number as text, precede the number with a quotation mark, as in "1989. The quotation mark does not appear in the cell; it just specifies the number as text.
Cells that contain text can be used in text formulas. See the section
Entering Formulas
for more information.
If a text entry is wider than its cell, and the cell to the right is empty or blank, the text automatically extends over the empty (or blank) cell. Otherwise, Wingz displays only the part that fits into the cell.
NUM1. Select a cell or range with the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Type the number.
NUM3. Press Enter or click the accept entry icon in the Entry Bar.
If you include letters, commas, or any punctuation marks other than a decimal point with a number, the number is considered text (for example, 3rd Quarter). Entering a decimal does not make a number text.
To use a number as text, precede the number with a quotation mark (for example, "1989). The quotation mark does not appear in the cell, but specifies the number as text.
If a number entry or formula is wider than its cell, the cell is filled with asterisks. You can adjust the width of the column to accommodate the number or enter the number into a text field.
NUM1. Select a cell with the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Type the date value (for example, 12-23-88 or 32500).
NUM3. Press Enter or click the accept entry icon in the Entry Bar.
Wingz recognizes date information in virtually any format. Wingz automatically converts dates to serial date numbers. This conversion allows you to use dates in formulas.
Enter a time as a decimal number or use the TIME function.
NUM1. Select a cell with the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Type in a formula using the format: =TIME(hour, minute, second).
NUM3. Click the accept entry icon in the Entry Bar.
NUM4. Choose Number from the Format pull-down and a time format from the cascading pull-down.
For example, enter
=TIME(16,35,15)
for 4:35:15 pm. Wingz returns
, which represents a fraction of the 24-hour day. Choose the format
HR:MN:SC AM
from the Number cascading pull-down of the Format pull-down to display
04:35:15PM
You can enter a time as text to specify an explicit format for the time. If you enter a time as text you can still use it as a formula value by first operating on it with the TIMEVALUE function.
To enter a time as text, simply type the time. If you do not use letters, precede the numbers of the time with a quotation mark (for example, "6:30).
You can enter a function, an operator, or a range name in a formula by typing it in or by choosing Paste Formula from the Go pull-down.
NUM1. Select a cell.
NUM2. If appropriate, click in the Entry Bar to set an insertion point in the formula.
NUM3. Choose Paste Formula from the Go pull-down.
NUM4. Select a function group, then a function from the pop-up window. Click OK.
NUM5. Replace the examples in parentheses with arguments.
NUM6. Press Enter or click the accept entry icon in the Entry Bar.
A function is a predefined formula assigned a specific name. When used in a formula, a function takes the place of an operand. A function is expressed as a key word followed by the argument(s) for the function. Arguments are enclosed in parentheses. A function that requires no argument must be followed by an empty pair of parentheses.
A formula expression is a constant, a variable, or any combination of constants, variables, and functions that together represent a numeric, alphanumeric, logical value, or worksheet range. Formulas are composed of a combination of constants, operators, cell references, variables, functions, and expressions.
A constant is a number or a text string in a function that is interpreted literally. Constants are often referred to as "literals." Unlike variables, worksheet cell references, or formula expressions, constants represent a single, unchanging value. Constants can be either numeric values or character strings. Numeric constants are expressed as numbers and can contain a decimal separator or a negative (-) sign. String constants must be surrounded by double quotation marks ("string"). The character limitation of a constant is 255 characters. Some examples of constant values are listed below.
2EQ Numeric Constants String Constants
0 "387"
l58.37 "Denver"
l35123.89209 ""
-O.337 "AO32321"
An operator defines an action that is to be performed on one or more data items. These data items are often referred to as "operands." The number of operands used depends on the specific operator. Wingz uses five categories of operators:
2EQ Numeric Logical
Text Measurement
Relational
Numeric operators perform arithmetic operations on numeric data. The numeric operators that may be used in a Wingz formula are listed below.
2EQ Operator Action
+ Addition
- Subtraction or Negative
* Multiplication
/ Division
^ Exponentiation
Most of these operators appear as icons on the left side of the Entry Bar.
You can enter these operators into a formula by typing the corresponding keyboard character, by clicking on the appropriate icon in the Entry Bar, or by choosing the Paste Formula action from the Go pull-down and clicking on the Operators pushbutton. A list of the operators is then displayed, allowing you to select the operator you want. Click OK to enter the operator into the Entry Bar.
The numeric data used with these operators can be constants, references to a cell containing a number, variables containing numbers, or any formula that returns a numeric value.
In the following examples, constants and cell references are used with the numeric operators to create formulas. Parentheses can be used at any location in a formula to give a higher precedence to an operation.
Examples:
2EQ 32 + 17 23 / 7
C6 - C7 D4 ^ 3
A1 + A2 + A3 (34 + 22) * 3
A text operator is used to concatenate text strings. The symbol used for concatenation is the ampersand (&).
Examples:
2EQ Operation Result
"Jane" & " Doe" "Jane Doe"
"Cincinnati, " & "Ohio" "Cincinnati, Ohio"
Relational operators express a relationship between two operands that are either numeric or text. When you use a relational operator to describe such a relationship, the result is either 1 (TRUE) or 0 (FALSE). The relational operators that may be used in a Wingz formula are listed below.
2EQ Operator Action
= Equal to
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal to
< Less than
<= Less than or equal to
<> Not equal to
When text operands are compared, Wingz looks at the ASCII values of the text characters and ignores case. The following examples show various relational operations.
Examples:
2EQ "a" < "B" "A" = "a"
B5 >= 63 345 <> 873
A2 <= G7 A7 + 5 > B4 * 2
Logical operators Enter 1 (TRUE) or 0 (FALSE) and require logical operands. The logical operators are AND, OR, and NOT. AND and OR require operands on both sides of the operator. An AND operation returns 1 only if both of the operands are true. An OR operation returns 1 if either of the operands is true, and 0 when both of the operands are false.
Only one operand is required for the NOT operator. A NOT operation returns 1 only when the operand is false. In the first example below, the expression is true only when the value in A1 is greater than 3 and the value in B6 is less than 12. In the second example, the formula is true when C7 contains either 8 or 9. The third formula returns 1 only when both expressions in the statement are true. The last formula checks whether cell A1 contains "B". If it doesn't, a 1 is returned, if it does, a 0 is returned.
Examples:
A1 > 3 AND B6 < 12
C7 = 8 OR C7 =9
42 - A1 <= 17 AND 5 = H4
IF (NOT(A1="B"),1,0)
Measurement operators are unary operators that convert numbers to "twips", the standard Wingz measurement. A twip is equal to 1/1440th of an inch or 1/20th of a point. The measurement operators that may be used in Wingz are listed in below.
2EQ Operator Action
INCH(ES) converts from inches to twips
MIL(S) converts from 1/1000th of an inch to twips
POINT(S) converts from 1/72nd of an inch to twips
DECIPOINT(S) converts from 1/10th of a point to twips
MILLIMETER(S) converts from millimeters to twips
The following examples illustrate how these operators can be used in formulas.
Examples:
1 INCH + 3 POINTS
100 MILS > A7
10 MILLIMETERS - 1000
Operators in a formula are evaluated in the order (1 ranks highest, 8 ranks lowest), listed below.
3EQ Priority Type Operator
1 Measurement INCH, MIL, POINT, DECIPOINT, MILLIMETER
2 Exponent ^
3 Negative or Positive - or +
4 Multiplication or Division * or /
5 Addition or Subtraction + or -
6 Relational =, >, >=, <, <=, or <>
7 Unary Logical NOT
8 Text or Logical &, AND, or OR
Items appearing in parentheses are given highest precedence. When parentheses are nested within other parentheses, the innermost level receives the highest precedence. Evaluation proceeds from left to right when operators of the same precedence level appear in a formula.
The following examples show how parentheses can be used to change the order of formula evaluation, and ultimately, the formula's result.
Examples:
2EQ Formula Result
1 + 2 * 3 7
(1 + 2) * 3 9
A formula expression is a constant, a variable, or any combination of constants, variables, and functions that together represent a numeric value, alphanumeric value, logical value, or worksheet range. The value that is returned by an expression determines the expression's type. Formulas are limited to 1023 characters and those entered in cells must be preceded by an equal (=) sign. Wingz uses five types of expressions: Numeric, Text, Logical, Range, and Error.
Numeric expressions are either numbers or calculations that Enter numeric results, as shown by the following examples:
Examples:
123
(A1 + B1) / C1
SIN(A1)
Date and time expressions are numeric expressions. Wingz uses a special type of numeric expression called a "date_number" to represent a date and time. A date_number represents the number of days that have passed since December 30, 1899 and can be any number from 0 to 401768 (December 31, 2999). With custom formatting, negatives numbers from -1 to -657434 (January 1, 100 A.D.) can be used.
Times correspond to the fractional portion of the date_number. For example, 0 represents midnight, 0.5 represents noon, 0.75 represents 6:00PM, and 0.875 represents 9:00PM.
Text expressions are either strings surrounded by quotation marks or calculations that return text. When a number is represented as a text string, Wingz does not recognize its numeric value, but instead treats it as a string of characters.
The following examples are text expressions.
Examples:
"Bill Smith"
"123"
"Washington, " & "D.C."
LEFT("Thomas D. Jordan", 5)
A logical expression consists of a relational operator or logical operator joining two expressions of the same type, (the NOT operator precedes only one logical expression). The expression(s) are evaluated according to the rules of the operator used. A logical expression returns either 1 (TRUE) or 0 (FALSE).
Examples:
100 > 90
NOT(A1 OR A2)
"A" <> "a"
TRUE()
Some functions, as shown in the following examples, return a cell or range reference. The first two examples return the text representation of the range. The last two examples return the actual range.
Examples:
2EQ Function Returns
MAKERANGE(1, 1, 4, 5) A1..D5
MAKECELL(22,11) V11
RANGE(MAKERANGE(1,1,4,5)) actual range
RANGE(MAKECELL(22,11)) actual range
Error expressions are returned when a formula contains an error. An error can result from numerous causes, including input error, invalid functions, or incorrect syntax.
The following example expressions return errors.
Examples:
2EQ Formula Returns
A1 / 0 ERR 09 (division by zero)
LOG(-5) ERR 12 (argument is bad)
ERR() ERR 26 (user error)
A variable is an identifier, such as a word or a symbol, that can be assigned to contain a number, text string, error, or worksheet range reference. You can use variables in HyperScript to represent numbers, file names, range references, object names, and object numbers.
The value that you assign to a variable determines what "type" the variable is (e.g., numeric, string, range, or error). Therefore, you are not required to specify a variable type.
For example, if the value of 32 is stored in the variable called "inventory_count", the expressions in the following examples can be used in a formula to return the given results.
Examples:
2EQ Formula Returns
inventory_count - 7 25
inventory_count * .75 24
A formula returns an error when you supply an invalid operator, operand, or function. The error appears in the cell where the formula was entered in the form ERR number.
You can select all of the cells that return errors by choosing the Error Cells option from the Select cascading pull-down in the Go pull-down.
A Wingz function is a predefined formula that is assigned a specific name. When used in a formula, a function takes the place of an operand.
To use a function in a formula, the correct syntax must be entered. The syntax for these functions can be seen by choosing the Paste Formula action from the Go pull-down. A list of functions is then displayed. The functions are grouped according to function type.
Functions can be entered in either uppercase or lowercase letters. Functions are shown in uppercase; function arguments are shown in lowercase.
A function is expressed as a key word followed by the argument(s) for the function. Arguments are enclosed in parentheses. A function that requires no argument must be followed by an empty pair of parentheses.
When multiple arguments are required, each item in the argument "list" must be separated by an argument separator (e.g., a comma).
To enter a Wingz function into the Entry Bar, type an equal sign and the function name, followed by the required number of arguments. The function arguments must be surrounded by parentheses. The type and number of arguments are determined by the function. An argument can be any expression of the required type.
Examples:
=SUM(A1, B1)
=INTEREST(25000, Script:PMT, Script:Period)
A single cell reference can be used as an operand in a formula. When a cell reference is used in a formula, Wingz replaces the reference with the contents of the cell at the time the formula is evaluated. A cell reference is not a constant since the cell contents can be changed. The following are valid cell references:
2EQ A1 R1C1
B3..D8 R3C2..R8C4
Cell references in formulas can be relative, absolute, or combined. You can refer to a cell in either letter/number form (e.g., A1), or in number/number form (r1c1). You can also refer to a cell by a name you have assigned using the Define Name action in the Go pull-down. Names with spaces must be enclosed in single quotes (e.g., 'January Sales').
A relative reference modifies itself automatically to preserve cell relationships when the formula that contains it is copied or pasted. For example, suppose a formula in C3 refers to D4, the cell one row down and one column to the right. If you copy this formula to B2, the reference changes to C3, which is, again, the cell one row down and one column to the right.
In contrast, an absolute reference is a reference that does not change when the formula is copied. Absolute cell references are denoted with a dollar sign. For example $A$1 ($r1$c1) means absolute column A and absolute row 1. A$1 (r1$c1) means relative column A and absolute row 1. A1 (r1c1) means relative column A and relative row 1.
Cell references entered into the Entry Bar by cell or range selection are initially entered as relative references. You can change the type of an existing reference (and all subsequent selected references) to relative, absolute, or combined by selecting the reference and clicking the $ icon in the Entry Bar. After you have done this once, you can click the icon again to change the type of reference for the row, and again to change the column.
The following function types are available in Wingz:
Business functions are used to compute bond rates, mortgage values, and a number of other commonly used business calculations.
Database functions are used to obtain statistical information on data in a Wingz database.
Date and time functions manipulate date and time information. With the functions provided in Wingz, you can calculate the time elapsed between two dates or times, add or subtract increments of time, or return a date or time in a format you specify.
HyperScript functions are used to query both global worksheet information and information about selected Wingz objects. Their primary use is to supply current settings to the various Wingz pop-up windows.
Logical functions query information and return either 1 (TRUE) or 0 (FALSE).
Numeric functions are used for general mathematical computations.
Spreadsheet functions are used to query information in worksheet cells and ranges.
Statistical functions perform general statistical operations such as average, standard deviation, and variance.
Text functions enable you to locate, compare, and manipulate text strings.
Business functions are used to compute bond rates, mortgage values, depreciation, and a variety of financial calculations.
BONDPRICE calculates the price of a bond based on its yield, face value, coupon rate, number of years to maturity, and number of coupon payments per year. The expressions yield, face, and rate can be any numeric expressions. Years_to_maturity and payments_per_year can be any integer (a number greater than 0) numeric expressions.
BONDYTM calculates the yield to maturity for a bond based on its price, face value, coupon rate, number of years to maturity, and number of coupon payments per year. Price, face, and rate can be any numeric expressions. Years_to_maturity and payments_per_year can be any integer (a number greater than 0) numeric expression.
CTERM(rate, future_value, present_value)
The CTERM function calculates the number of compounding periods required for present_value to grow into the given future_value based on a periodic interest rate, (rate).
DDB(cost, salvage, life, year_number)
This function calculates the depreciation allowance for an asset over a given period using the double-declining balance method. Using this method, the depreciation rate is accelerated so that the greatest depreciation occurs during the first period and declines during each subsequent period. When the book value of the asset reaches the salvage value, the asset is fully depreciated. The book value in any given period is the total cost of the asset minus the depreciation charged over all prior periods. Cost and salvage can be any positive numeric expression. Life and year_number can be any positive integer expression.
FV(payment, rate, period)
This function calculates the future value of a series of payments (an annuity) based on a regular payment amount, a periodic interest rate, and a given period.
FVL(payment, rate, period)
This function calculates the future value of a lump sum payment received today, based on a period and a periodic interest rate you specify.
INTEREST(principal, payment, period)
The INTEREST function calculates the interest rate paid on a principal amount (principal) based on a given payment amount (payment) and a number of payments (period). The result reflects the interest rate paid per payment period. If payments are made on a monthly basis, the result reflects a monthly interest rate, not a yearly interest rate. To obtain the yearly interest rate, multiply the monthly rate by 12.
IRR(initial_guess, cash_flow)
This function calculates an approximate internal rate of return on an investment and series of cash flows. The internal rate of return is the rate at which the present value of an expected series of cash flows equals the value of the initial investment. The calculation is based on repeated approximations for the internal rate of return, starting with the given guess (initial_guess). If, after 20 approximations, the internal rate of return has still not achieved an accurate result, the function returns ERR 24 (no convergence).
Initial_guess is your estimate of the internal rate of return and can be any numeric expression. Cash_flow is a range containing a numeric list of projected future cash flow amounts in the order in which they will be paid out or received. Positive numbers represent inflows of cash and negative numbers represent outflows of cash. The first item in the cash flow represents an initial investment and must be negative. All blank cells in a range referenced by the list are interpreted as 0.
LOANTERM(principal, payment, rate)
This function returns the term over which a fixed payment must be made in order to equal the specified principal at the given interest rate. Principal, payment, and rate (per payment period) can be any non-negative numeric expressions.
NPV(rate, income_flow)
The NPV function calculates the net present value of a series of cash flows assuming a fixed periodic interest rate. The periodic interest rate (rate) can be any numeric expression. Income_flow is a range containing a numeric list of income amounts in the order in which they are received. The first amount in the income_flow represents the initial investment and must be negative.
PMT(principal, rate, term)
The PMT function calculates the payment needed given the principal, rate, and term.
PRINCIPAL(payment, rate, term)
The PRINCIPAL function returns the principal amount that would be paid off by the given fixed periodic payment and interest rate over the specified term.
PV(payment, rate, term)
The PV function performs the same calculation as the PRINCIPAL function. It returns the principal amount that would be paid off by the given fixed periodic payment and interest rate over the specified term.
PVL(payment, rate, term)
This function calculates the present value of a lump sum payment due in the future based on a specified periodic interest rate over a given term.
RATE(future, present, term)
The RATE function calculates the interest rate required for a present value to grow to a specified future value when compounded over the given term.
SLN(original_cost, salvage_value, useful_life)
This function computes the straight-line depreciation of an asset's value for one period based on the original cost, salvage value, and term of useful life. The salvage_value represents the value of an asset at the end of the period of useful life. Useful_life represents the number of periods during which an asset depreciates.
Unlike the double-declining balance function (DDB) and the sum-of-the-years-digits function (SYD), which are accelerated methods of depreciation, the straight line method has the same amount of depreciation for each year.
SYD(cost, salvage, life, period_number)
This function computes the depreciation of an asset's value for the period specified at an accelerated rate whereby the greatest depreciation occurs early in the useful life of the asset. The depreciable cost is the actual cost less the salvage value.
Cost (original cost) and salvage (salvage value) can be any numeric expressions. Life (periods of useful life) and period_number can be any positive numeric integer expression.
TERM(payment, rate, future_value)
The TERM function computes the number of payment periods required for the given payment (payment) and interest rate (rate) to accrue to the specified future value (future_value).
Database functions compute the average, standard deviation, and other general statistical operations on data in a Wingz database.
DAVG(database_range, offset, criterion_range)
This function returns the average of the values in the offset column of the database range that meet the criteria specified in the criterion_range. The offset for the first column of the database_range is 0.
DCOUNT(database_range, offset, criterion_range)
This function returns the number of non-blank cells in the offset column of the database range that meet the specified criterion. The offset for the first column of the database_range is 0.
DMAX(database_range, offset, criterion_range)
This function returns the maximum value in the offset column of the database range that meets the criterion specified in the criterion_range. The offset for the first column of the database_range is 0.
DMIN(database_range, offset, criterion_range)
This function returns the minimum value in the offset column of the database range that meets the criterion specified in the criterion_range. The offset for the first column of the database_range is 0.
DSTD(database_range, offset, criterion_range)
This function returns the population standard deviation for the offset column values of the database_range that meets the criterion specified in the criterion_range. The offset for the first column of the database_range is 0.
DSTDEV(database_range, offset, criterion_range)
This function returns the sample standard deviation for values in the offset column of the database_range that meet the criterion specified in the criterion_range. The offset for the first column of the database_range is 0.
DSUM(database_range, offset, criterion_range)
This function returns the sum of the offset column values of the database_range that meet the criterion specified in the criterion_range. The offset for the first column of the database_range is 0.
DSUMSQ(database_range, offset, criterion_range)
This function returns the sum of the squares of the offset column values of the database_range that meet the criterion specified in the criterion_range. The offset for the first column of the database_range is 0.
DVAR(database_range, offset, criterion_range)
This function returns the population variance of the offset column values for the database_range that meet the criterion specified in the criterion_range. The offset for the first column of the database_range is 0.
This function returns the sample variance of the offset column values for the database_range that meet the criterion specified in the criterion_range. The offset for the first column of the database_range is 0.
Date/Time functions manipulate the serial date number which represents the date and time in a numeric representation. The integer part of a serial date number represents the date; the fractional part represents the time.
ADATE(date_number, picture)
This function converts a serial date number (date_number) to a text string using the specified picture format (picture). The date_number is a numeric expression (with a value from 0 to 401768) indicating the number of days that have elapsed since December 30, 1899. The picture defines the format used when creating the date string. Picture elements can include:
d. A one or two digit number representing the day of the month (e.g., "1" for day 1 and "30" for day 30).
dd. A two digit number representing the day of the month (e.g., "01" for day 1 and "30" for day 30).
dy. An abbreviated version of the day name (e.g., "Sat" or "Sun").
day. A full text version of the day name (e.g., "Saturday" or "Sunday").
m. A one or two digit number representing the month of the year (e.g., "1" for January and "12" for December).
mm. A two digit number representing the month of the year (e.g., "01" for January and "12" for December).
mon. An abbreviated version of the month name (e.g., "Jan" or "Dec").
month. A full text version of the month name (e.g., "January" for "December").
y. A one or two digit number representing the year (e.g., "1" for the year 2001 and "89" for the year 1989).
yy. A two digit number representing the year (e.g., "01" for the year 2001 and "89" for the year 1989).
yyyy. A four digit number representing the year (e.g., "2001" or "1989").
ADDDAYS(date_number, number)
This function adds the number of days specified by the second argument (number) to the given serial date number (date_number). If the second argument is negative, the days are subtracted from the serial date number.
The value returned from this function is a serial date number that represents the days that have passed since December 30, 1899, and can be any number from 0 to 401768 (December 31, 2999).
ADDHOURS(date_number, number)
This function adds the number of hours specified in the second argument (number) to the given serial date number (date_number). If the second argument is negative, the hours are subtracted from the serial date number.
The value returned from this function is a serial date number that represents the days that have passed since December 30, 1899, and can be any number from 0 to 401768 (December 31, 2999).
The date_number represents a number of days. Any fraction indicates a portion of one day.
ADDMINUTES(date_number, number)
This function adds the number of minutes specified in the second argument (number) to the given serial date number (date_number). If the second argument is negative, the minutes are subtracted from the date_number. The value returned from this function is a serial date number that represents the days that have passed since December 30, 1899, and can be any number from 0 to 401768 (December 31, 2999).
ADDMONTHS(date_number, number)
This function adds the number of months specified in the second argument (number) to the given serial date number (date_number). If the second argument is negative, the months are subtracted from the date_number. The value returned from this function is a serial date number that represents the days that have passed since December 30, 1899, and can be any number from 0 to 401768 (December 31, 2999).
ADDSECONDS(date_number, number)
This function adds the number of seconds specified in the second argument (number) to the given serial date number (date_number). If the second argument is negative, the seconds are subtracted from date_number.
ADDYEARS(date_number, number)
This function adds the number of years specified in the second argument (number) to the given serial date number (date_number). If the second argument is negative, the years are subtracted from the date_number.
The value returned from this function is a serial date number that represents the days that have passed since December 30, 1899, and can be any number from 0 to 401768 (December 31, 2999).
ATIME(date_number, picture)
This function converts the specified serial date number (date_number) to a text string using the specified picture format (picture). The serial date number is a numeric expression (with a value from 0 to 401768) indicating the number of days that have elapsed since December 30, 1899. The fractional part of date_number represents a decimal fraction of a day (e.g., 0 = midnight, .5 = noon, and .75 = 6:00PM). The picture format defines the time format that is to be used when creating the time string. The time units can be set apart by spaces, colons, or dashes. Picture elements can include the following:
hh. A number representing the "24 hour" version for the hour of the day (e.g., "16" is used for four o'clock in the afternoon).
hr. A number representing the "12 hour" version for the hour of the day (e.g., "4" is used for four o'clock in the afternoon).
mn. A number representing the minutes portion of a time.
sc. A number representing the seconds portion of a time.
hn. A number representing the hundredths of a second portion of a time.
am. A two-letter text entry indicating the time of day (e.g., "AM" for times between midnight and noon and "PM" for times between noon and midnight).
CMONTH(month_number)
This function returns, as a string, the month name corresponding to the given month number (month_number). If a month number is used that is greater than 12, the number is divided by 12 and the remainder is used as the argument.
CWEEKDAY(day_number)
This function returns the weekday name in a text string that corresponds to the number specified by day_number. Day_number can be any number from 1 (Sunday) to 7 (Saturday).
DATE (year, month, day)
This function returns a serial date number based on the year, month and day arguments provided. The three arguments can be any numeric expression within their respectively defined ranges.
DATEVALUE(date_string) This function returns a serial date number that corresponds to the specified date (text_date).
DAY(date_number)
This function returns the day of the month for the specified serial date number (date_number). Date_number is any numeric expression ranging from 0 to 401768, and represents the number of days that have elapsed since December 30, 1899.
DAYNAME(date_number)
This function returns the name of the weekday in a text string for the specified serial date number (date_number). Date_number is any numeric expression ranging from 0 to 401768 and represents the number of days that have elapsed since December 30, 1899.
HOUR(date_number)
This function calculates the hour component of a specified date number and returns it in a 24 hour format. Date_number is a numeric expression from 0 to 401768, and represents the number of days that have elapsed since December 30, 1899.
MINUTE(date_number)
This function calculates the number of minutes past the hour expressed by date_number. Date_number is a numeric expression from 0 to 401768, and represents the number of days that have elapsed since December 30, 1899.
MONTH(date_number)
The MONTH function calculates the month number corresponding to the serial date number (date_number). Date_number is any numeric expression from 0 to 401768, and represents the number of days that have elapsed since December 30, 1899.
MONTHNAME(date_number)
This function returns the month name of the specified serial date number (date_number) as a string. Date_number is a numeric expression from 0 to 401768, and represents the number of days that have elapsed since December 30, 1899.
NOW()
This function returns a serial date number that represents the current date and time. The integer part of the number returned represents the number of days that have elapsed since December 30, 1899, and the fractional part represents the time as a fraction of a 24 hour day. NOW may be assigned to a cell that has been formatted to be displayed as a date or time.
SECOND(date_number)
The SECOND function returns the number of seconds passed since the last full minute in the specified serial date number. Date_number is a numeric expression from 0 to 401768, indicating the number of days that have elapsed since December 30, 1899. The fractional component of the serial date number represents the time as a fraction of a 24 hour day.
TIME(hour, minute, second)
This function returns a serial date number corresponding to the time specified by the hour, minute, and second arguments. The serial date number returned is a decimal number between 0 and 1 that represents the time as a fraction of a 24-hour day.
TIMEVALUE(time_string)
This function converts a time that is represented by the string expression into a serial date number. TIMEVALUE can recognize and convert times in many different formats, including: "11:59:00 AM", "11:59:00", "11:59:00P", and "23:59:00".
YEAR(date_number)
This function returns the number representing the year of the serial date number specified by date_number. The serial date number is a numeric expression from 0 to 401768 that indicates the number of days that have elapsed since December 30, 1899.
Logical functions query information and return either 1 (TRUE) or 0 (FALSE).
FALSE()
FALSE() returns a value of 0 and is used to clarify conditional statements and functions.
IF(condition, expression1, expression2)
This function returns one of the two specified expressions (expression1 or expression2) depending on whether the given condition (condition) is true or false. You can use IF to enter information in cells that meet specific criteria. For example, you might want to further analyze monthly sales greater than the yearly average.
The condition is any logical expression. If the condition is true (any non-zero number is considered to be true), expression1 is returned; otherwise, expression2 is returned. The expressions can be text or numeric information.
ISBLANK(range)
This function returns a value of 1 if the first cell in the specified range is blank and 0 if the cell contains information. Both empty and blank cells are considered to be blank by this function.
ISERR(expression)
This function returns 1 if the specified expression returns an error and 0 if it does not. You can use ISERR in a logical expression to determine whether a function will return an error based on the arguments being given to it.
ISNA(expression)
This function returns 1 if the expression (expression) returns N/A and 0 if not. The value N/A is returned by the NA function. You can use ISNA in conjunction with NA() to test your worksheet for valid information.
ISNUMBER(expression)
This function returns 1 if the specified expression (expression) returns a number and 0 if the specified expression does not return a number.
ISRANGE(expression)
This function returns 1 if the specified expression (expression) is a range and 0 if the expression is not a range.
ISSTRING(expression)
The ISSTRING function returns 1 if the specified expression (expression) is a text string and 0 if it is not.
TRUE() This function returns a value of 1. TRUE is a function that can be used in an IF statement to clarify the conditional portion of the function.
Numeric functions are used for general mathematical computations.
ABS(number)
This function returns the absolute value of the specified numeric expression (number). The absolute value of any number is equal to the positive form of the number.
ACOS(number)
This function returns the arc cosine of the specified numeric expression (number). The number is the cosine of the resulting angle. The result is in radians and ranges from 0 to pi. The argument can be any number from -1 to 1.
ACOSH(number)
This function returns the hyperbolic arc cosine of the numeric expression (number). The hyperbolic arc cosine of a number is the number whose hyperbolic cosine is the argument value. The result is a non-negative value. The argument value is any numeric expression greater than or equal to 1.
ASIN(number)
This function returns the arc sine of the specified numeric expression (number). The number is the sine of the resulting angle. The result is in radians and ranges from pi/2 to -pi/2. The argument can be any numeric expression from 1 to -1.
ASINH(number)
This function returns the hyperbolic arc sine of the specified numeric expression (number). The number expression is the hyperbolic sine of the resulting value.
ATAN(number)
This function returns the arc tangent of the specified numeric expression (number). The result is in radians and ranges between pi/2 and -pi/2.
ATAN2(X, Y)
This function returns the angle, in radians, between the positive X axis and the line starting at the origin which passes through the specified coordinates, (X, Y). The result ranges between -pi and pi.
ATANH(number)
This function returns the hyperbolic arc tangent of the specified numeric expression (number). The argument may be any value less than 1 and greater than -1.
COS(number)
This function returns the cosine of the specified numeric expression (number). The result ranges inclusively from -1 to 1. The argument number can be any numeric expression given in radians.
COSH(number)
This function returns the hyperbolic cosine of the specified numeric expression (number).
DEGREES(radians)
This function converts the specified numeric expression (radians) to degrees.
E()
This function returns the value of the constant E (natural logarithmic base), which is approximately 2.718282.
EXP(number)
This function calculates the value of E() raised to the power of the specified number. E() is a constant value of approximately 2.718282.
EXPONENTIAL(number)
This function returns a number selected randomly from an exponential distribution with the argument representing the distribution mean. Number can be any numeric expression.
FACTORIAL(number)
This function computes the factorial of a non-negative number. Negative arguments do not have a defined mathematical factorial and default to 1.
GOAL(initial_estimate, result, formula)
This function attempts to find a value for an unknown term in an equation that makes the equation yield a desired result. You specify a formula with an unknown term (represented by the function GUESS()), a result, and an initial estimated value, initial_estimate for GUESS().
Using your initial estimate, GOAL calculates the result of the formula and compares it with the desired result. Based on the difference between the actual and desired result, this function makes another estimate and calculates a new result. The process is repeated until either two successive results differ less than 1E-7, or until the maximum of 20 recalculations is reached.
You must try to make your initial estimate closely approximate the value you expect for the variable GUESS(). Otherwise, the calculated result and the desired result may not converge sufficiently within 20 recalculations.
The initial_estimate and result can be any numeric expression, and the formula can be any numeric formula using GUESS() as a variable.
GUESS()
This is a specialized function that is used as the independent variable in the formula supplied to the GOAL function. The result of the GUESS function is undefined when not used with the GOAL function.
INT(number)
This function returns the integer portion of any numeric expression (number). Results are not rounded.
LN(number)
This function calculates the natural logarithm (base e) of the number expression. Number can be any numeric expression greater than 0.
LOG(number)
This function calculates the common logarithm (base 10) of the given number (number). The number can be any numeric expression greater than 0.
LOGN(number, logbase)
This function calculates the logarithm of the number expression with the specified base (logbase). Both of the argument values can be any numeric expression greater than 0.
MOD(number, divisor)
This function returns the remainder after the number expression is divided by the divisor expression. The divisor can be any non-zero numeric expression.
NORMAL(number)
This function returns a numeric value selected randomly from a normal distribution with the number expression representing the standard deviation of the normal distribution. The mean of the distribution is 0.
PI()
This function returns the value of pi which is approximately 3.14159.
RADIANS(degrees)
This function converts a numeric expression (degrees) to radians.
RAND()
This function returns a number selected randomly from a uniform distribution between 0 and 1.
ROUND(number, precision)
The ROUND function returns the value of the number expression rounded to the number of decimal places specified by the precision expression.
When a number is rounded to a negative precision, all of the values to the right of the specified decimal position are dropped and significant positions are replaced with zeroes.
SIGN(number)
The SIGN function returns a value representing the sign used for the specified number. If the number is positive, the result is 1, if negative, -1, and if the number is 0, 0 is returned.
SIN(number)
This function calculates the sine of a number. The result ranges from -1 to 1. Any numeric expression given in radians can be used.
SINH(number)
This function calculates the hyperbolic sine of a number.
SQRT(number)
The SQRT function calculates the square root of the specified number. Any non-negative numeric expression can be used.
TAN(number)
The TAN function returns the tangent of a number (number) that is expressed in radians. The number cannot be a multiple of pi/2.
TANH(number)
The TANH function returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number (number). The result is between -1 and 1.
UNIFORM(number)
This function returns a number selected randomly from a uniform distribution between 0 and the given number.
Spreadsheet functions are used to query information in spreadsheet cells and ranges.
CELL()
This function returns the contents of the current cell. If the cell contains a formula, it returns the result of the formula, not the formula text.
CELLTEXT(cell)
The function returns a text string that represents the displayed contents of the specified cell (cell).
CHOOSE(numeric, expressions)
This function returns the specified item (numeric) from the specified expression. The count of the expression items begins with 0. If the expression number specified is not an available expression item (either less than 0, or greater than the number of items in the expression minus 1), an error is returned. The expression can have up to 49 items.
COL()
This function returns the column number of the current cell. If a range is selected, the column number of the current cell in the range is returned.
COLOF(range)
This function returns the number of the first column of the specified range (range). Any valid cell or range reference can be used.
COLS(range)
This function returns the number of columns in the specified range expression. Any valid cell or range reference can be used.
ERR()
This function returns the text error expression, ERR26. It can be used as an argument of the IF function.
HLOOKUP(search_item, range, offset)
This function returns the contents of a cell whose position is determined by the given arguments.
HLOOKUP searches the top row of a specified range for a specified search_item. The function stops when it finds the cell with the greatest value that is less than or equal to the search item. It then returns the cell which is offset the specified number of rows from the found cell. The row number of the found cell is offset 0. If you use an offset of 1, the returned value is the contents of the cell whose location is in the same column, one row below the found cell.
If the search_item is a string, the item must match a cell in the search row exactly. If no match is found, ERR 06 is returned. When string values are used in the search row, no ordering is required.
This function requires that a table is set up with the numeric data in the search row (the row of the range you specify) in an ascending order. The search_item and offset can be any numeric expression. If an offset value exceeds the boundaries of the specified range, ERR25 (out of bounds) is returned. The range can be any valid range reference.
INDEX(range, columns, rows)
This function returns the contents of a cell whose position is determined by the range (range), column offset (columns), and row offset (rows) you specify. Using the top left cell in the specified range as the reference point (which is column 0 and row 0), INDEX moves over the number of columns you specify and down the number of rows you specify to locate a cell within the selected range. The function returns the contents of that cell.
INDIRECT(string)
This function returns the contents of the cell specified by string. Any expression that returns a cell range as text can be used as the argument.
MAKECELL(column, row)
This function creates a string in the form of a cell reference using column and row expressions, the specified column and row numbers. The row and column numbers can be any numeric expression having a value from 1 to 32768.
MAKERANGE(column1, row1, column2, row2)
The MAKERANGE function creates a string in the form of a range reference whose top left cell is specified by the values of column1 and row1 and whose bottom right cell is specified by the values of column2 and row2. MAKERANGE does not accept column letters. Argument values can be any numeric expression with a value from 1 to 32768.
N(range)
This function returns the numeric value of the top left cell of the specified range. If the cell contains a string or is blank, 0 is returned.
NA()
This function returns the value N/A (not available). NA is primarily used to indicate that a cell's value has not yet been determined and needs to be updated. All of the other cells dependent upon a cell with the value of N/A also Enter N/A.
RANGE(string)
This function converts a string value (string) to a range reference. It is used in formulas to reference a valid range. String must contain a text expression that can be converted into a valid cell or range reference.
ROW()
This function returns the row number of the current cell.
ROWOF(range)
The ROWOF function returns the row number of the first row of the specified range.
ROWS(range)
This function returns the number of rows in the specified range.
S(range)
This function returns the string stored in the top left cell of the specified range. If this cell contains a number or is blank, a null string is returned.
VLOOKUP(search_item, range, offset)
VLOOKUP returns the contents of a cell whose position is determined by the given arguments. It begins by searching the left column of the specified range for the search_item. Searching stops when it finds the cell in the left column with the greatest value that is less than or equal to the search item (search_item) and returns the contents of the cell that is offset the specified number of columns (offset) to the right of the found cell. If the offset specified exceeds the range boundaries (range) or if the data is not found in the search column, an error is returned.
If the search_item is a string, the item must match a cell in the search column exactly. If no match is found, ERR06 is returned. When string values are used in the lookup column, no ordering is required.
For this function to accurately find the search item, the numeric data in the search column must be in ascending order.
Statistical functions compute the average, standard deviation, and other general statistical operations on numeric data.
AVG(expressions)
This function returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the numbers in the specified expressions (expressions). Any text expressions or single cell references to blanks are considered to have a value of zero. Any blank cells in a range reference are not included in the average. This function is equivalent to: SUM(expressions)/COUNT(expressions).
COUNT(expressions)
This function counts the number of expressions (e.g., text, numeric, range) in the list expression. Single cell references to blank cells are counted but blank cells within ranges are not.
MAX(expressions)
This function returns the maximum value from a list of numeric or string expressions. Text and references to blank cells have a value of 0. Any blank cells in a range reference are ignored. The maximum number of expressions is 50.
MIN(expressions)
This function returns the minimum value from a list of numeric or string expressions. Text and references to blank cells have a value of 0. Any blank cells in a range reference are ignored. The maximum number of expressions is 50.
STD(expressions)
This function calculates the standard deviation of a population for the expressions in the specified list (expressions). The standard deviation of a population represents the average amount of deviation from the population mean that occurs in a list of numbers. It is equal to the square root of the variance as calculated by the VAR function. Any text expressions or single cell references to a blank cell are considered to have a value of 0. Any blank cells in a range reference are ignored.
STDEV(expressions)
This function calculates the standard deviation of a sample for the expressions in the specified list (expressions). The standard deviation of a sample represents the average amount of deviation from the sample mean. It is equal to the square root of the sample variance as calculated by the VARIANCE function. Any text expressions or single cell references to a blank cell are considered to have a value of 0. Any blank cells in a range reference are ignored.
SUM(expressions)
The SUM function calculates the sum of all of the expressions. Any text expressions or single cell references to a blank cell are considered to have a value of 0. Any blank cells in a range reference are ignored.
SUMSQ(expressions)
This function calculates the sum of a list of expressions (expressions) that have been squared. Any text expressions or single cell references to a blank cell are considered to have a value of 0. Any blank cells in a range reference are ignored.
VAR(expressions)
The VAR function calculates the population variance for the expressions specified by the (expressions). Any text expressions or single cell references to a blank cell are considered to have a value of 0. Any blank cells in a range reference are ignored.
VARIANCE(expressions)
The VARIANCE function calculates the sample variance for the expressions, specified by (expressions). Any text expressions or single cell references to a blank cell are considered to have a value of 0. Any blank cells in a range reference are ignored.
Text functions enable you to locate, compare, and manipulate text strings.
CHAR(number)
This function returns the character in string format corresponding to the decimal value of the numeric expression (number). The number represents the ASCII value for a text character.
CODE(string)
This function returns the ASCII decimal value of the first character in the given string.
COLLATE(string1, string2)
This function compares the two specified strings, string1 and string2, according to a collation table. It returns -1 if the first text string is sorted before the second, 1 if the second string is sorted before the first, and 0 if the two strings are equal.
CONTAINS(string1, search_string)
This function returns a value of 1 if search_string is a substring of string1 or 0 if it is not. This function is case sensitive. Both string1 and search_string can be any valid text expression and must be enclosed in quotes.
CURRENCY(number)
This function converts the specified numeric expression (number) into a string that includes the currency symbol, value, and two decimal places. You can use CURRENCY to format function results to display in worksheets, notes, legends, and charts.
EXACT(string1, string2)
This function compares two text expressions, string1 and string2, to determine if they match. A value of 1 is returned if the two strings match exactly; and 0 is returned if there is not a match. In addition to matching the characters, the case of the characters must also be matched.
FIND(search_string, string, number)
This function searches for search_string within string starting at the position specified by the number argument. A starting position of 0 represents the first character of the string, 1 for the second character, and so forth. It returns a number representing the position of search_string within string. ERR12 is returned if the search_string is not found. The strings can be any text expression and the number can be any integer expression.
LEFT(string, number)
This function returns the specified number (number) of characters from the left side of the specified string (string).
LENGTH(string)
This function returns the number of characters in the text expression (string).
LOWER(string)
The LOWER function converts all of the characters in the specified string to lowercase.
MATCH(string, search_string, number)
This function searches for search_string within string starting at the given character number (number) in string. Character number 1 is the first character of the string. The function returns a number representing the first character in string where search_string is found. If there is no match, 0 is returned.
MID(string, position, length)
The MID function returns the string that begins at the given position of the specified string and includes the number of characters specified by the length. The first position in the specified string is position 0.
NFORMAT(number, format)
This function formats the numeric expression, number, according to the formatting information provided by format and returns the formatted number as a string. There are three categories of formatting available: numeric, attribute, and precision. Precision formats are represented by the values -15 through +15 and must be used in conjunction with a numeric format value. The sum of the numeric, attribute, and precision values is passed as the format argument.
PROPER(string)
This function converts the first character of each word in the string expression to uppercase.
REPEAT(string, number)
This function returns a string that contains the number of copies of the given string (string) specified by the number expression.
REPLACE(string1, position, length, string2)
This function replaces the characters starting at a designated character position (position) in string1 with string2. If you designate a start position that is greater than the number of text characters in string1, string2 is appended to the end of the original text.
RIGHT(string, number)
The RIGHT function returns the specified number of characters (number) from the right side of the given string expression (string).
STR(number)
This function converts a numeric expression to a text string.
STRING(number, precision)
Converts the specified numeric expression (number) to a string with precision representing the number of decimal places to display.
TRIM(string)
The TRIM function removes all leading and trailing spaces and removes duplicate spaces from between words in the specified text string (string).
UPPER(string)
The UPPER function converts all of the characters in the text expression string to uppercase.
VALUE(string)
This function converts string to a numeric value. Conversion proceeds from left to right and stops with the first character that cannot be interpreted as part of a number.
HyperScript functions are used to query both global worksheet information and information about selected Wingz objects. Their primary usage is to supply current settings to the various Wingz pop-up windows.
In the following sections, HyperScript functions are listed in groups. These groups include:
Arrow Functions
Border Functions
Chart Functions
Chart Functions (3D)
Color Functions
Environment Functions
Error Functions
Field Functions
Fill Functions
Line Functions
Miscellaneous Functions
Operator Functions
Poly Functions
Selection Functions
Shadow Functions
Text Functions
Worksheet Functions
Click and hold
Functions
in this window and drag to select a group from the cascading pull-down to find information on the functions in the group.
ARROWHEAD()
This function returns the arrowhead placement mode for the selected line or polyline ( 0 - NO ARROW, 1
BACK ARROW, 2
SINGLE ARROW, 3
DOUBLE ARROW).
ARROWLENGTH()
This function returns the arrowhead length (in twips) for the selected line or polyline.
BORDERBG()
This function returns the RGB value of the border shadow background color for the selected object.
BORDERFG()
This function returns the RGB value of the border shadow foreground color for the selected object.
BORDERPATTERN()
This function returns the border shadow pattern number (0 - 38) for the selected object.
BORDERSTRENGTH()
This function returns the border shadow strength (0 - 255) for the selected object.
BORDERSTYLE()
This function returns the border style value for the selected object. BORDERSTYLE can be used in conjunction with the BITAND function to obtain a style value.
To obtain the drop shadow style for the border, the returned value of the BORDERSTYLE function is compared to the value 3 with the function BITAND(BORDERSTYLE(),3) which returns:
2EQ Drop Shadow Style Return Value
No drop shadow 0
2D drop shadow 1
3D drop shadow 2
To obtain the line style for the border, the returned value of the BORDERSTYLE() function is compared to the value 28 with the function BITAND(BORDERSTYLE(), 28) which returns:
2EQ Line Border Style Return Value
No line border 0
Single line border 4
Double line border 8
Thick inner line border 12
Thick outer line border 16
Button border 20
Outline 1 border (Not available at this time.) 24
Outline 2 border (Not available at this time.) 28
To obtain the corners border style for the border, the returned value of the BORDERSTYLE function is compared to the value 32 with the function BITAND(BORDERSTYLE(),32) which returns:
2EQ Corner Border Style Return Value
Square corners 0
Round corners 32
BORDERX()
This function returns the border X offset (in twips) for the selected object.
BORDERY()
This function returns the border Y offset (in twips) for the selected object.
AXISHASHTYPE()
This function returns the axis hash display type for the selected chart axis. There are four possible values returned by this function, as listed below.
2EQ Axis Hash Line Type Return Value
No hash line 0
Interior hash line 1
Centered hash line 2
Exterior hash line 3
AXISMAJGRIDBG()
This function returns the RGB value of the major grid background color for the selected axis.
AXISMAJGRIDFG()
This function returns the RGB value of the major grid foreground color for the selected axis.
AXISMAJGRIDPAT()
This function returns the major grid line pattern number (0 - 38) for the selected axis.
AXISMAJGRIDWIDTH()
This function returns the major grid line width (in twips) for the selected axis.
AXISMINGRIDBG()
This function returns the RGB value of the minor grid background color for the selected axis.
AXISMINGRIDFG()
This function returns the RGB value of the minor grid foreground color for the selected axis.
AXISMINGRIDPAT()
This function returns the minor grid line pattern number (0 - 38) for the selected axis.
AXISMINGRIDWIDTH()
This function returns the minor grid line width (in twips) for the selected axis.
CHARTTYPE()
This function returns the gallery type of the selected chart. The available types are:
2EQ 0
Bar 10
Pie
Line 11
3D Pie
Layer 12
HiLo
Step 14
XY
Combination 16
Scatter
3D Bar 17
Polar
3D Line 18
Wireframe
3D Layer 19
Contour
3D Step 20
Surface
3D Combination 21
Horizontal Bar
COMBCOLUMN()
This function returns the combination chart series column for the selected chart series.
COMBLEGEND()
This function returns the combination chart legend mode for the selected chart series (0
Hidden Series, 1
Hidden Legend Entry).
COMBSTACK()
This function returns 1 if combination chart stacking is enabled for the selected chart series, and 0 if stacking is disabled.
COMBTYPE()
This function returns the combination chart type (1
Bar, 2
Line, 3
Layer, 4
Step) for the selected chart series.
PIEANGLE()
This function returns the starting angle (in degrees) from which the pie slices are drawn for the selected pie chart.
PIESORT()
The PIESORT function returns the pie slice sorting mode (0
No Sorting, 1
Ascending, 2
Descending) for the selected pie chart.
PIEWEIGHT()
This function returns the pie weighting mode (0
No Weighting, 1
Pie Sum Weighting, 2
Weighting by Range) for the selected pie chart.
PIEWGTRANGE()
This function returns the defined range reference containing the pie weight values for the selected Pie chart. The value returned is a range.
PLOTBRUSHBG()
This function returns the RGB value of the interior plot background color for the selected chart.
PLOTBRUSHFG()
This function returns the RGB value of the interior plot foreground color for the selected chart.
PLOTBRUSHPATTERN()
This function returns the interior plot pattern number (0 - 38) for the selected chart.
PLOTPENBG()
This function returns the RGB value of the plot line background color for the selected chart.
PLOTPENFG()
This function returns the RGB value of the plot line foreground color for the selected chart.
PLOTPENPATTERN()
This function returns the plot line pattern number (0 - 38) for the selected chart.
PLOTPENWIDTH()
This function returns the plot line width (in twips) for the selected chart.
SCALELOGBASE()
This function returns a number representing the logarithmic base for the selected numeric chart axis.
SCALEMAJDIV()
This function returns the number of major divisions for the selected chart axis. The major divisions on an axis are designated by the displayed values along the axis.
SCALEMANUAL()
This function returns 1 if the selected numeric chart axis is in manual scale mode or 0 if automatic scaling is selected.
SCALEMAXIMUM()
This function returns the maximum value for the selected numeric chart axis. If multiple numeric axes are selected, the maximum scale value for the axis that was selected first is returned.
SCALEMINDIV()
This function returns the number of minor divisions for the selected chart axis. Minor divisions are shown on the axis as hash marks within a major division.
SCALEMINIMUM()
This function returns the minimum value for the selected chart axis.
SERIESWIDTH()
This function returns the width of a series as a percent of the total series column width for the selected chart.
SERLABELDISPLAY()
This function returns the chart series data label placement mode for the selected series (1
Hidden, 2
Base, 3
Centered, 4
Exterior).
SERLABELTYPE()
This function returns the chart series data label type for the selected chart series (1
Text, 2
Value, 3
Percent).
SYMBOLCOLOR()
This function returns the RGB value of the symbol color for the selected chart series.
SYMBOLSIZE()
This function returns the symbol size (in twips) for the selected chart series.
SYMBOLTYPE()
This function returns the symbol type (0 - 15) for the selected chart series.
SYMBOLWIDTH()
This function returns the symbol width (in twips) for the selected chart series.
BASEPENBG()
This function returns the RGB value of the 3D base line background color for the selected 3D chart.
BASEPENFG()
This function returns the RGB value of the 3D base line foreground color for the selected 3D chart.
BASEPENPATTERN()
This function returns the 3D base line pattern number (0 - 38) for the selected 3D chart.
BASEPENWIDTH()
This function returns the 3D base line width (in twips) for the selected 3D chart.
BASESIDEBG()
This function returns the RGB value of the 3D base side background color for the selected 3D chart.
BASESIDEFG()
This function returns the RGB value of the 3D base side foreground color for the selected 3D chart.
BASESIDEPATTERN()
This function returns the 3D base side pattern number (0 - 38) for the selected 3D chart.
BASETOPBG()
This function returns the RGB value of the 3D base top background color for the selected 3D chart.
BASETOPFG()
This function returns the RGB value of the 3D base top foreground color for the selected 3D chart.
BASETOPPATTERN()
This function returns the 3D base top pattern number (0 - 38) for the selected 3D chart.
DTOHRATIO()
This function returns the depth to height ratio for the selected 3D chart.
ELEVATION()
This function returns the degree of elevation at which the selected 3D chart is being viewed. The value is returned in degrees.
PERSPECTIVE()
This function returns the perspective distance (as a percent of the distance from the front to back of the object) at which the selected 3D chart is being viewed. The perspective viewing distance can range from 50 to 1001 percent. If no charts are selected, the function returns the default perspective value, 400.
ROTATION()
The ROTATION function returns the angle of rotation at which the currently selected 3D chart is viewed. If multiple charts are selected, the rotation of the chart that was selected first is returned.
SURFACEPENBG()
This function returns the RGB value of the surface line background color for the selected Surface or Wireframe chart.
SURFACEPENFG()
This function returns the RGB value of the surface line foreground color for the selected Surface or Wireframe chart.
SURFACEPENPATTERN()
This function returns the surface line pattern number (0 - 38) for the selected Surface or Wireframe chart.
SURFACEPENWIDTH()
This function returns the surface line width (in twips) for the selected Surface or Wireframe chart.
SURFAXES()
This function returns 4 if the selected Surface or Wireframe chart is displaying its axes and 0 if the axes are not displayed.
SURFBASE()
This function returns 8 if the selected Surface or Wireframe chart is displaying its base and 0 if the base is not displayed.
SURFCLIP()
This function returns 1 if the selected Surface chart has clipping activated and 0 if clipping is not activated.
SURFCONT()
This function returns a value that indicates the type of contour bands and contour lines that are used on the selected Contour, Surface, or Wireframe chart. When base contour bands and lines are defined for Surface and Wireframe charts, the base of the chart reflects the Surface chart as a two-dimensional image. The bands are the different value ranges on a Contour chart and the lines divide the bands. SURFCONT is used in conjunction with the BITAND function to return the status of contour bands and lines, as follows:
3EQ Function Return Value Description
BITAND (SURFCONT(), 1) 1 Surface contour bands defined
BITAND (SURFCONT(), 1) 0 Surface contour bands not defined
BITAND (SURFCONT(), 2) 2 Contour bands projected onto base
BITAND (SURFCONT(), 2) 0 Contour bands not projected onto base
BITAND (SURFCONT(), 4) 4 Contour lines shown
BITAND (SURFCONT(), 4) 0 Contour lines not shown
BITAND (SURFCONT(), 8) 8 Contour lines projected onto base
BITAND (SURFCONT(), 8) 0 Contour lines not projected onto base
BITAND (SURFCONT(),256) 0-255 Manual base offset
SURFDISP()
This function returns a value based on whether certain features are defined for the currently selected Contour, Surface, or Wireframe chart. SURFDISP is used in conjunction with the BITAND function to return a value representing a current state of various chart elements, as follows:
3EQ Function Return Value Description
BITAND (SURFDISP(), 1) 1 Clipping on
BITAND (SURFDISP(), 1) 0 Clipping off
BITAND (SURFDISP(), 4) 4 Surface axes on
BITAND (SURFDISP(), 4) 0 Surface axes off
BITAND (SURFDISP(), 8) 8 Pedestal is visible
BITAND (SURFDISP(), 8) 0 Pedestal is not visible
BITAND (SURFDISP(),16) 16 Manual offset defined for base
BITAND (SURFDISP(),16) 0 Offset for base determined automatically
SURFSMOOTH()
This function returns the spline smoothing factor for a Surface or Wireframe chart. A smoothing factor of 0 is returned when spline smoothing is disabled.
VANISHINGX()
This function returns the X location of the perspective vanishing point for the selected 3D chart. The vanishing point is expressed as a percent of the chart window width with 0 at the left side and 100 at the right.
VANISHINGY()
This function returns the Y location of the perspective vanishing point for the selected 3D chart. The vanishing point is expressed as a percent of the chart window height with 0 at the bottom and 100 at the top.
WTOHRATIO()
This function returns the width to height ratio for the selected 3D chart.
BLACK()
This function returns the RGB value for pure black (0).
BLUE()
This function returns the RGB value for pure blue (16711680).
CYAN()
This function returns the RGB value for pure cyan (16776960).
GREEN()
This function returns the RGB value for pure green (65280).
GREY()
This function returns the RGB value for pure grey (8421504).
MAGENTA()
This function returns the RGB value for pure magenta (16711935).
RED()
This function returns the RGB value for pure red (255).
RGB(red,green,blue)
This function returns the RGB (red, green, blue) value for a color with the given red, green, and blue intensities. The value of each color intensity ranges from 0 to 255.
WHITE()
This function returns the RGB value for pure white (16777215).
YELLOW()
This function returns the RGB value for pure yellow (65535).
DESKBOTTOM()
This function returns the Y coordinate (in twips) of the bottom right corner of the defined desktop.
DESKLEFT()
This function returns the X coordinate (in twips) of the top left corner of the defined desktop.
DESKRIGHT()
This function returns the X coordinate (in twips) of the bottom right corner of the defined desktop.
DESKTOP()
This function returns the Y coordinate (in twips) of the top left corner of the defined desktop.
CERROR()
This function returns the error number of the HyperScript command most recently executed in Wingz. If no error was generated, the function returns 0.
ERRCOUNT()
The ERRCOUNT function returns the total number of errors generated by HyperScript commands since Wingz was last opened.
ERRNR(expression)
This function returns the number of the error generated by the given string expression. If no error is generated, 0 is returned.
LERROR()
This function returns the error number of the last error that occurred. Unlike CERROR, LERROR is not cleared at the beginning of each command.
SERROR()
This function returns the text of the error that was last generated.
BOTTOMMARGIN()
This function returns the bottom margin value (in twips) for the selected field.
INDENT()
The INDENT function returns the value defined for paragraph indention (in twips) for the currently selected field. If more than one field is selected, the indent value for the field that was selected first is returned.
LEFTINDENT()
This function returns the left indent value (in twips) for the currently selected field.
LEFTMARGIN()
This function returns the amount of left margin (in twips) for the selected field.
LINELEADING()
This function returns the amount of space (in twips) between lines of text in the selected field.
LINESPACING()
This function returns the number of line spaces set for the current text field. There are five possible values returned by this function.
2EQ Line Spacing Enter Value
Single 1
Double 2
l.5 3
Fixed Height 4
Extra leading on each line 5
LOCKED()
This function returns 1 if the selected field is locked and 0 if it is not.
RIGHTINDENT()
This function returns the right indent value (in twips) for the currently selected field.
RIGHTMARGIN()
This function returns the right margin value (in twips) for the currently selected field.
SCROLLBAR()
This function returns 1 if the selected field displays a scroll bar and 0 if it does not.
TABS()
This function returns the distance between tab positions (in twips) for the currently selected field.
TITLE()
This function returns the title of the selected control.
TOPMARGIN()
This function returns the amount of space defined (in twips) for the top margin of the currently selected field.
WORDWRAP()
This function returns 1 if word wrap is turned on for the selected field and 0 if word wrap is off.
FILLBG()
This function returns the RGB value of the brush background color for the selected object.
FILLFG()
This function returns the RGB value of the brush foreground color for the selected object.
FILLPATTERN()
This function returns the brush pattern number for the selected object (0 - 38).
LINEBG()
This function returns the RGB value of the line background color for the selected object.
LINEFG()
This function returns the RGB value of the line foreground color for the selected object.
LINEPATTERN()
Returns the line pattern number (0 - 38) for the selected object.
LINEWIDTH()
This function returns the line width (in twips) of the selected line or polyline. If any other object is selected, the border line width is returned.
CONTROLHEIGHT()
This function returns the height (in twips) of the current control during a MOUSEDOWN, MOUSEMOVE, MOUSESTILLDOWN, MOUSEUP, MOUSEDOUBLECLICK, or REPAINT event.
CONTROLWIDTH()
This function returns the width (in twips) of the current control in MOUSEDOWN, MOUSEMOVE, MOUSESTILLDOWN, MOUSEUP, MOUSEDOUBLECLICK, or REPAINT event.
CTSTRING(object_number,item_number)
This function returns a string corresponding to the current state of the object_number and item_number specified. Object_number can be the object number or the object name. Item_number must be in the range of item numbers within the control.
CTVALUE(object_number, item_number)
This function returns a number corresponding to the current state of the control and item specified. Object_number can be the object number or the object name. Item_number must be in the range of item numbers within the control.
ENCRYPTED()
This function returns 1 if the current worksheet is encrypted and 0 if it is not.
FILE(filename)
This function returns 1 (TRUE) if there is an existing file with the specified filename in the Wingz directory. Otherwise, it returns 0 (FALSE). If the file is not in the Wingz directory, you must use drive and directory references.
FORMAT()
This function returns the numeric format value of the selected text. This function is used in conjunction with the BITAND function to retrieve format information. The returned text format value is interpreted as follows:
BITAND(FORMAT(),15) returns the precision.
BITAND(FORMAT(),240) returns 0 for general format, 16 for fixed, 32 for currency, 48 for percent, 64 for scientific, 80 for date 1, 96 for date 2, 112 for date 3, 128 for date 4, 144 for date 5, 160 for time 1, 176 for time 2, 192 for time 3, 208 for time 4.
BITAND(FORMAT(),256) returns 0 for parentheses off, 256 for parentheses on.
BITAND(FORMAT(),512) returns 0 for commas off, 512 for commas on.
BITAND(FORMAT(),1024) returns 0 for blank zeroes off, 1024 for blank zeroes on.
BITAND(FORMAT(),2048) returns 0 for hidden cell off, 2048 for hidden cell on.
BITAND(FORMAT(),12288) returns 0 for general alignment, 4096 for left justified, 8192 for center justified, 12288 for right justified.
MEMFREE()
This function returns the number of bytes in the largest contiguous block of memory currently available for use in Wingz.
MOUSEX()
This function returns the X position corresponding to the coordinate (in twips) where the mouse is located in a control. The left side of the control is 0, the right side of the control is the width of the control (in twips).
MOUSEY()
This function returns the Y position corresponding to the coordinate (in twips) where the mouse is located in a control. The top of the control is 0, the bottom of the control is the length of the control (in twips).
SCRIPT()
This function returns a string that contains the first 255 characters of the script text that is attached to the currently selected object.
TRANSPARENT()
This function returns 1 if the currently selected pushbutton is transparent and 0 if it is visible. If more than one pushbutton is selected, the value returned is for the pushbutton that was selected first.
WINDOWTYPE()
This function returns a number corresponding to the window type of the current window. The six possible values returned by this function are listed below.
2EQ Window Type Return Value
No windows open -1
Worksheet 0
Modal dialog box 1
Help 4
Modeless dialog box 5
Script editor 7
BITAND(number1, number2)
BITAND calculates the bitwise "AND" of the given arguments, number1 and number2. Both arguments can be any numeric, logical, or text expressions. Text expressions are considered to have a value of zero. Logical expressions have a value of 1 (TRUE) or 0 (FALSE), depending on the result of the evaluation.
BITOR(number1, number2)
BITOR calculates the bitwise "OR" of the given arguments, number1 and number2. Both arguments can be any numeric, logical, or text expressions. Text expressions are considered to have a value of zero. Logical expressions have a value of 1 (TRUE) or 0 (FALSE), depending on the result of the evaluation.
BITXOR(num1,num2)
BITXOR calculates the bitwise "exclusive or" of the given arguments, number1 and number2. Both arguments can be any numeric, logical, or text expressions. Text expressions are considered to have a value of zero. Logical expressions have a value of 1 (TRUE) or 0 (FALSE), depending on the result of the evaluation.
POLYCLOSED()
This function returns the closure mode of the selected polygon or polyline. If the object is an open polyline, 0 is returned. If it is a closed polygon, 1 is returned.
SMOOTH()
This function returns 1 if the selected polygon or polyline is smoothed and 0 otherwise. If multiple polygon or polylines are selected, the smoothing state of the object that was selected first is returned.
NRSELECTIONS()
This function returns the number of objects and worksheet ranges selected in the current worksheet.
SELECTION(selection_number)
This function returns the object number of a selected object. The selection_number ranges from 1 to NRSELECTIONS(). When the selection_number specified is not selected, an error is returned.
SELECTIONTYPE(selection_number)
This function returns a type number for a selection. The selection_number ranges from 1 to NRSELECTIONS(). The eight possible values returned by this function are:
2EQ Selection Type Number Return Value
Cell or range 1
Object 3
Component of a chart 4
Report footer 6
Report header 7
Report border 8
Worksheet heading 9
Defined title area 10
SUBSELECTION(selection_number)
This function returns either a series number for a specified chart series selection or an axis number for a selected chart axis or a chart axis title. Selection_number is the number of the object desired out of a group of selected objects.
SUBSELECTIONTYPE(selection_number)
The return value of SUBSELECTIONTYPE depends on SELECTIONTYPE. When SELECTIONTYPE returns 3 (object), SUBSELECTIONTYPE returns the following, based on the type of object selected:
2EQ Object Type Return Value
Control 2
Field 3
Chart 4
Line 5
Arc 6
Oval 7
Rectangle 8
Polyline or Polygon 9
Picture 10
Group of objects 11
When SELECTIONTYPE returns 4 (chart component), SUBSELECTIONTYPE returns the following, based on the type of chart component selected:
2EQ Chart Component Return Value
Title 1
Footnote 2
Legend 3
Series 4
Plot area 5
Axis 6
Axis title 7
Series labels 8
SHADOWBG()
This function returns the RGB value of the 3D chart shadow background color for the selected 3D Bar, Line, Layer, Step, or Pie chart.
SHADOWFG()
This function returns the RGB value of the 3D chart shadow foreground color for the selected 3D Bar, Line, Layer, Step, or Pie chart.
SHADOWPATTERN()
This function returns the 3D chart shadow pattern number (0 - 38) for the selected 3D Bar, Line, Layer, Step, or Pie chart.
SHADOWSTRENGTH()
This function returns the 3D chart shadow intensity (0 - 255) for the selected 3D Bar, Line, Layer, Step, or Pie chart. An intensity value of 0 means no shadow is seen and an intensity of 255 is a solid shadow.
TEXTCOLOR()
This function returns the RGB color value of the selected text.
TEXTFONT()
This function returns the font name of the selected text (e.g., "Helvetica" or "Geneva").
TEXTHEIGHT()
This function returns the height of the current text size in the current drawing units. TEXTHEIGHT() can only be used in conjunction with the DRAW TEXT string command.
TEXTLENGTH(string)
This function returns the length of the text, specified by the string expression, in the current drawing units. TEXTLENGTH(string) can only be used in conjunction with the DRAW TEXT string command.
TEXTSIZE()
This function returns the size of the selected text (in points).
TEXTSTYLE()
Returns the text style value of the selected text. The returned text style value is interpreted as follows:
BITAND(TEXTSTYLE(),1) returns 0 for bold off, 1 for bold.
BITAND(TEXTSTYLE(),2) returns 0 for italic off, 2 for italic on.
BITAND(TEXTSTYLE(),4) returns 0 for underline off, 4 for underline on.
BITAND(TEXTSTYLE(),8) returns 0 for outline off, 8 for outline on.
BITAND(TEXTSTYLE(),16) returns 0 for shadow off, 16 for shadow on.
AUTOSAVEEVERY()
This function returns the defined Automatic Save time interval for the current worksheet as a serial date number fraction. The resulting number represents a fraction of a 24-hour day and is used to indicate the amount of time that is allowed to elapse between saves.
AUTOSAVENAME()
This function returns the Automatic Save name for the current worksheet.
AUTOSAVEON()
This function returns 1 (TRUE) if Automatic Save is enabled and 0 (FALSE) if Automatic Save is disabled.
CELLBORDER()
This function returns information about the cell border defined for the currently selected cell or range of cells. This function is used with the BITAND function to retrieve cell border information.
CELL()
This function returns the contents of the current cell. If the cell contains a formula, it returns the result of the formula, not the formula text.
COLUMNWIDTH()
This function returns the width (in twips) of the first column of the currently selected range.
CUSTOMFORMAT()
This function returns the custom format string for the current selection, if one exists. If one does not exist, a null string is returned. If more than one cell is selected, this function returns the custom format string of the first cell in the selection (or a null string if the first cell does not contain a custom format).
DELTARANGE()
This function returns the current iteration test cell reference as text. When an iteration is defined in a worksheet, a cell range (or delta range) is used to determine whether to continue with recalculation or to stop recalculating. DELTARANGE returns a range formatted for use as a range argument within a function; the range may not be displayed.
DELTAVALUE()
This function returns the maximum change for the iteration test cell. When an iteration is defined in a worksheet, a cell range is defined as a test range that is used to determine whether to continue recalculation. Recalculation continues until the change in the range value from one iteration to the next is less than a defined delta value or the maximum number of recalculations have occurred. It is this delta value that is returned.
FORMULAS()
This function returns the number of cells containing formulas in the current worksheet.
FORMULATEXT(range)
This function returns the formula in the first cell of the specified range as a text string. If the cell does not contain a formula, ERR 12 is returned.
FRAC(range, Y_upper, X_left, Y_lower, X_right)
This function can be used anywhere a range is used. FRAC is useful when you want to specify a location other than on cell boundaries.
The range argument identified the range on which the rectangular region lies. Y_upper indicates where the top of the region lies in the upper left cell (linearly between 0 for the top and 255 for the bottom of the cell). X_left indicates where the left of the region lies in the upper left cell (linearly between 0 for the left and 255 for the right of the cell). Similarly, Y_lower and X_right indicate where the lower right corner of the region lies in the lower right cell of the range.
Note that the coordinate values do not represent a definite measurement, but a fraction of the cell size (e.g., x1/255). The coordinates 0 and 255 for X and Y are the cell boundaries and their linear measurement, as compared to 1 through 254, and can vary depending on the line width of the cell boundary. Thus, as row and column sizes change, reference corners of the objects are moved proportionately within the cells.
ISBLANK(range)
This function returns 1 if the first cell in the specified range is blank and 0 if the cell contains information. Both empty and blank cells are considered to be blank by this function.
ISCALC()
This function returns a value of 1 if the current worksheet needs to be recalculated when using Manual Recalc. If recalculation is not required, 0 is returned.
ISCIRCULAR()
This function returns 1 if the selected worksheet contains formulas that have circular references or 0 if there are no circular references.
ISNOTE()
This function returns 1 if the selected field is defined as a cell note and 0 if it is not.
ITERATIONS()
This function returns the maximum number of iterations defined for recalculation.
MODIFIED()
This function queries the selected worksheet and returns 1 (TRUE) if changes have been made to it since it was last saved. Otherwise, it returns 0 (FALSE).
NAME()
This function returns the name defined for the currently selected object. If no object is selected, the name of the current worksheet is returned. If no worksheet is opened, an error is returned.
NUMBER()
This function returns the object number of the currently selected object. If more than one object is selected, the number of the object that was selected first is returned. An object must be selected to return a value, otherwise ERR 62 is returned.
PASSWORD(number)
This function returns the password assigned to the specified password number (number). If there is no password assigned for a given number, a null value is returned. If the current worksheet was opened with a read-only password, ERR 12 is returned. The password number can be either 1 or 2.
PASSWORDRO(number)
This function returns 1 if the password number is read only and 0 if it is not. If the current worksheet was opened with a read only password, ERR 12 is returned. The password number can be either 1 or 2.
RANGENAME(range)
This function returns the name of the cell or range, specified by the range expression if a name has been defined. If the range is not named, a null string is returned. When more than one named range is specified, the range name that was defined first is returned.
REFERENCE(range)
This function converts a range reference (range), to a text representation of the range. The reference is converted as an absolute reference.
ROWHEIGHT()
This function returns the row height (in twips) of the current row in the worksheet.
SCALE()
The SCALE function returns the displayed scale of the current window. The returned value can be any number from .24 (24%) to 4 (400%). This number corresponds to the Scale setting from the Window pull-down.
This command is used to assign a name to a cell or range. The name can then be used in a formula in place of the range it identifies. Names apply to the cells, not to the cell contents.
NUM1. Select a range.
NUM2. Choose Define Name from the Go pull-down.
NUM3. Type the new name in the name area of the pop-up window and click the OK pushbutton.
Names must begin with a letter and may contain only letters, numbers, and spaces. When you include spaces in the name you must enclose the name in single quotation marks when using it in a formula. If the selected range already has a name assigned to it, the current name is displayed in this area.
Avoid assigning names to ranges that can be misinterpreted as cell references. For example, if the range name, "ABC123" is selected from the Name pull-down, the worksheet cell ABC123 is selected instead of the range defined for that range name.
Use Name from the Go pull-down to move to a named range.
Use Remove Name from the Go pull-down to remove a range name.
By using the Create Names action from the Go pull-down, you can assign names to columns or rows in a selected range, corresponding to the text that is entered in the top row or left column of the range.
NUM1. Select a range.
NUM2. Choose Create Names from the Go pull-down and Top Row or Left Column from the cascading pull-down. There are two options to select from when using Create Names:
Top Row. When you choose this option, the columns in the selected range are assigned a name based on the text in the first cell of each column. When you choose the new name from the Name cascading pull-down, the cells below the column name in the defined range are selected.
Left Column. When you choose this option, the rows in the selected range are assigned a name based on the text in the first cell of each row. When you choose the new name from the Name cascading pull-down, the cells to the right of the row name in the defined range are selected.
You can use Name from the Go pull-down to move to a named range.
You can use Remove Name from the Go pull-down to remove a range name.
You can remove a defined name from the current worksheet with the Remove Name action, without affecting the data stored in the defined range. If you attempt to remove a name that is used in a formula, an error message informs you that Wingz is unable to remove a name that is in use.
Choose Remove Name from the Go pull-down and the select the range name you want to delete.
To find out where the formulas are that use the range name you want to remove, choose the Find action in the Go pull-down, select the Formula action, and enter the desired range name as the formula text.
Wingz supports the standard text editing features for your environment.
NUM1. Select a cell with the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Click in the Entry Bar to select an insertion point. Drag to select all or part of the contents of the cell.
NUM3. Type to insert new characters. Press Delete or Backspace to delete characters.
NUM4. Press Enter or click the accept entry icon to enter the changed contents into the cell.
You can apply various format actions to enhance information on your Wingz worksheet. As you create the worksheet you can specify display formats for information in cells, graphic objects, text fields, pushbuttons, and charts.
Through global formatting, you can change text and numeric fonts, point sizes, styles, and alignment. Cell borders highlight portions of your worksheet for emphasis. You can also specify colors and patterns to emphasize data and worksheet elements.
NUM1. Select a cell, a range of cells, or a block of text in a text field or script.
NUM2. Choose Font from the Format pull-down and the name of the font from the pop-up window.
You can use any combination of fonts in a single Wingz worksheet, but only one font style per cell may be selected. Text fields allow fonts to be set on a character-by-character basis. The default font for Wingz is Helvetica, and the default point size for both text and numeric entries in worksheets is 10.
You can choose fonts either before or after you enter text and numbers. You can also apply other formatting features before or after you choose the font itself.
All of the fonts installed on your operating system are displayed in the Font pop-up window from the Format pull-down. The font that is being used for the current cell, range, field, or script is highlighted.
NUM1. Select a cell, a range of cells, or a block of text in a text field or script.
NUM2. Choose Size from the Format pull-down and a point size from the cascading pull-down.
Wingz automatically displays both text and numbers in 10-point size.
The Size cascading pull-down lists commonly used point sizes installed on your operating environment. You can enter any size from 1 to 255 points in the Other pop-up window.
You can specify the point size before or after you enter text and numbers. You can specify other formatting features before or after choosing the point size.
The point size used for the currently selected cell, range, text field, or script appears with a check mark next to it.
The appearance of your worksheet data on the screen and when printed is dependent on the point sizes you have selected and the printer you are using. If the appearance of your data is different than you expected, refer to your owner's guide for your operating system and your printer manual for additional information.
NUM1. Select a cell, a range of cells, or a block of text in a text field or script.
NUM2. Choose Style from the Format pull-down and the name of a font style from the pop-up window.
A font style is a variation of the current font type. You can choose a style such as Bold or Underline to add visual emphasis. You can apply more than one style to a font.
Choose Plain from the Style cascading pull-down to remove all style formatting.
You can change the font style before or after you enter text or numbers. You can also apply other formatting features before or after changing the style.
The font style used in the currently selected cell, range, text field, or script appears with a check mark next to it.
You can change the justification of text and numbers in the selected cell or range of cells.
NUM1. Select a cell or range of cells.
NUM2. Choose Align from the Format pull-down and the desired alignment from the cascading pull-down.
The Align action positions the characters within the selected cell or text field. A check mark in the cascading pull-down indicates the alignment setting in effect for the selected cell or text field.
You can choose to align the contents of cells to the left, right, or center. Text that is assigned a general format is aligned to the left; numbers are aligned to the right.
There may be times when you want to add emphasis to specific grid lines in your worksheet. Using Cell Border in the Format pull-down, you can add solid border lines to accent selected cells or cell ranges.
NUM1. Select the cell or range that you want to place a border around.
NUM2. Choose Cell Border from the Format pull-down to display the Cell Border pop-up window.
NUM3. The pointer appears as a hand when you move it over selections in the pop-up window. To choose any of the five cell border options, click on the check box next to it, using the hand pointer.
NUM4. Click OK when you have finished selecting the cell border options.
NUM5. Click Cancel to leave the pop-up window without making any changes to the selected cell or range.
The Outline, Left, Right, Top, and Bottom cell border options may be used independently or in combination with one another.
Outline. Choose Outline to put a border around the outer edges of the selected cell or range.
Left. Choose Left to add a vertical border on the left edge of the selected cell or range.
Right. Choose Right to add a vertical border on the right edge of the selected cell or range.
Top. Choose Top to add a border to the top edge of the selected cell or range.
Bottom. Choose Bottom to put a border on the bottom edge of the selected cell or range.
NOTE: When the line width, pattern, or color of either the worksheet grid lines or the heading grid lines are modified, cell borders on the worksheet are also adjusted. Changes made to the heading grid take precedence over changes made to the worksheet grid.
To remove or change the borders for a cell, select the cell or range with the cell border. Choose the Cell Border action in the Format pull-down. The Cell Border pop-up window then appears. If any of the five cell border options already has an X in its check box, it is currently in effect. Clicking the check box removes the X and turns the border off. If a check box is shaded for an option, the option is in effect for some of the cells in the selected range and is not in effect for others. Click this box once to activate the option for all cells in the range. Click the box a second time to remove the cell border line from all cells in the range.
NUM1. Select a cell, a range of cells, a pushbutton, or a block of text in a text field.
NUM2. Choose Color from the Format pull-down and select a color from the cascading pull-down.
By default, Wingz displays text and positive numbers in black and negative numbers in red. You can use the Color action to emphasize text and numbers in cells, ranges, pushbuttons, or text fields.
The Color action displays the characters in the selected cells or text fields in the chosen color. In addition to the standard colors (Red, Green, Blue, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black, and White), the Other action lets you create your own colors using the color options pop-up window. A check mark in the cascading pull-down indicates the color in effect for the selected cell(s).
You can change the appearance of the worksheet grid by applying color and patterns to the cells and the grid lines. To change the appearance of grid lines:
NUM1. Select a cell or range.
NUM2. Choose Line from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Choose a pattern, foreground and background color, and line width in the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
Changes made to the color of grid lines are applied to the entire worksheet. Changes made to the color of cells, however, are applied only to the selected cells.
NUM1. Select a cell or range.
NUM2. Choose Fill from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Choose a pattern and a foreground and background color in the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
You can select the entire worksheet by choosing Select All from the Edit pull-down or by clicking once in the upper-left corner of the heading grid.
NUM1. Choose Select from the Go pull-down and Heading from the cascading pull-down.
NUM2. Choose the following options from the Format pull-down.
Use the Font, Size, Style, and Color actions to change the appearance of the row and column headings. Use the Fill and Line actions to change the appearance of the heading grid.
You can also select the headings by double-clicking in the upper-left corner of the heading grid.
NUM1. Select a cell or range of cells.
NUM2. Choose Number from the Format pull-down and the appropriate format from the cascading pull-down.
If you include a comma in a number you enter, the number is treated as text and cannot be formatted as a number. However, you can display the numbers with commas by using the Attribute action from the Format pull-down.
If the selected range is blank, numbers assume the selected format as they are entered. If you have entered numbers in the range previously, their format changes.
When you choose this action, the value in the selected cell or range is displayed in a fixed decimal format. The number of fixed decimal positions is designated by the Precision action in the Format pull-down. For example, a value of 250 is displayed as 250.00 when the precision is set to 2, and as 250 when the precision is set to 0. Fixed is the default setting for numeric cells.
In General format, the number, if large enough, fills the cell width. The number is displayed with a floating number of places to the right of the decimal point, which are truncated if the cell is not wide enough to accommodate all of the decimal numbers. In this format, the amount of precision defined is ignored. For example, .054 is displayed as .054 and 1.000 is displayed as 1.
When you choose Scientific format, cells are displayed in scientific notation. The currently defined precision applies to the mantissa of the displayed value. For example, if the precision is set at 2, the number 1,000,000 is displayed as 1.00E+06 (1.00 mulitplied by ten to the power of six).
When Currency format is chosen, numbers in the selected cell or range are displayed with a currency symbol. A fixed decimal format is maintained and the defined precision is unchanged. For example, when the number 52.56 is placed in a cell that has been formatted for currency and the precision is set to 2, the number is displayed as $52.56. When the precision is changed to 0, the value is displayed as $53.
Choosing the Percent action formats the selected cell or range to display the number as a percentage. The number is multiplied by 100 and displayed in a fixed decimal format with the defined precision. A percent sign is displayed behind the number. For example, if a cell contains a value of 1 and the cell has a precision of 0, it is displayed as 100%. A value of 0.7 with a precision of 2 is displayed as 70.00%.
Like Fixed notation, the Scientific, Currency, and Percent formats all display numbers according to the degree of precision you set.
NUM1. Select a cell or range of cells.
NUM2. Choose Number from the Format pull-down and the appropriate Date format from the cascading pull-down.
The following date formats are available:
2EQ FORMAT EXAMPLE
D-Mon-YY 23-Dec-88
D-Mon 23-Dec
Mon-YY Dec-88
MM-DD-YY 12-23-88
MM-DD 12-23
You can change these formats with the HyperScript DATE command.
When you format a blank range, numbers take on the selected format as you enter them. If you have entered numbers already, their format changes.
You can format dates as text values. To use these values in formulas, you must first use the DATEVALUE function.
A check mark appears next to the selected option.
NUM1. Select a cell or range of cells.
NUM2. Choose Number from the Format pull-down and the appropriate Time format from the cascading pull-down.
The following time formats are available:
2EQ FORMAT EXAMPLE
HR:MN:SC AM 01:23:16PM
HR:MN AM 01:23PM
HH:MN:SC 13:23:16
HH:MN 13:23
You can change these formats with the HyperScript TIME command.
Use the TIME function to enter time information into a cell. For example, use =TIME(13,23,16) for 1:23:16 pm. Wingz returns 0.56, which you can then format as a time.
You can format times as text values. To use these values in formulas, you must first use the TIMEVALUE function.
When you format a blank range, numbers take on the selected format as you enter them. If you have entered numbers already, their format changes.
A check mark appears next to the selected option.
A Custom Format consists of a "picture" of the format that you want to use. The picture is composed of characters that are used to specify both the type of numbers which will be displayed and the format in which they will be displayed in the formatted cell.
Custom formats override all other numeric format settings including all of the other options in the Number cascading pull-down, all of the options in the Attribute cascading pull-down, and the Precision setting.
IMPORTANT: When you define a custom numeric format in a worksheet, the format is saved with the worksheet in which it was defined.
The Custom Format option in the Format pull-down can be used to create a number format that is not currently available on the Number cascading pull-down.
A custom format can contain up to four sections separated by semicolons, consisting of three number sections and a text section. The text section is optional and may be omitted. In addition, the number sections can be combined into one or two sections.
When three sections exist in a custom format, the first section is interpreted as the format used for positive numbers, the second section is interpreted as the format used for negative numbers, and the third section is interpreted as the format used for zeroes.
When two sections exist in the custom format, the first section is interpreted as the format used for both positive numbers and zeroes, and the second section is interpreted as the format used for negative numbers.
When only one section is used in the custom format, it is interpreted as the format used for all numbers (positive, negative, and zero).
When a text section exists in the custom format, it must be the last section in the format. If the text section is not preceded by three number sections, it must include the text placeholder character "@".
A text format can be used to display cell text embedded in a specified string. The format string contains an "@" character to represent where the cell text is to be inserted. The examples in the following table show the cell text, the text format used, and the text that is displayed.
3EQ Cell Text Custom Format Displayed Text
A "Region" @ Region A
Rent @ "Expense" Rent Expense
AF234 "Item" @ "is out of stock." Item AF234 is out of stock.
You can prevent the display of certain types of numbers by omitting a picture string and including an extra semicolon. The first example below prevents the display of negative values. The second example prevents the display of negative and zero values.
Examples:
<positive format>;;<zero format>;<text format>
<positive format>;;;<text format>
By omitting a picture string between the semicolons, you indicate that a value type represented by that format position is not to be displayed.
NOTE: Custom formats override all other numeric format settings, including all other options in the Number cascading pull-down, all options in the Attribute cascading pull-down, and the Precision setting.
The picture symbols listed in the following table can be used to construct a numeric format:
2NW 0 This symbol is used to display a numeric digit. If there is no significant digit in this location in the cell value, a zero is displayed in that position. If a cell value contains more digits to the left of the decimal than there are zeroes to the left of the decimal in the custom format string, the digits are displayed. If a cell value contains more digits to the right of the decimal than there are zeroes to the right of the decimal in the custom format string, the number is rounded to as many decimal places as there are zeroes to the right of the decimal in the custom format.
# This symbol is used to display a numeric digit. The rules described above for 0 are also followed for this symbol, with the exception that extra zeroes are not displayed if the number has fewer digits on either side of the decimal than there are #'s on either side in the format.
. (period) This symbol is used to represent a decimal point.
, (comma) This symbol is used to represent a thousands separator.
% This symbol is used to represent a percent sign. The cell value is multiplied by 100 and the % character is displayed.
e- E- These symbols are used to display a value using scientific notation with either a lowercase or an uppercase letter (e or E). The number of # or 0 symbols to the right of one of the e- or E- symbols determines the number of digits in the exponent. If the value is negative, a minus sign is displayed; if the value is positive, no sign is displayed.
e+ E+ These symbols are used to display a value using scientific notation with either a lowercase or an uppercase letter (e or E). The number of # or 0 symbols to the right of one of the e+ or E+ symbols determines the number of digits in the exponent. If the value is negative, a minus sign is displayed; if the value is positive, a plus sign is displayed.
$ - + : ( ) / space Any of these characters can be displayed in the format without having to surround the character(s) with quotation marks or provide a leading backslash (see "text" and \ below). These characters are commonly used for value formatting. The parentheses, ( ), display negative numbers surrounded by parentheses. The dollar sign, $, displays the number as currency. The slash character, /, is displayed as a date separator and the colon, :, is displayed as a time separator. The plus sign, +, is displayed with a positive number and the minus sign, -, is displayed with a negative number. A blank space displays a space in the string.
"text" Quotation marks are used to display any character or string of characters as part of a custom format picture.
\ This symbol can be used in a custom format to indicate that the next character in the string is to be displayed in the formatted cell. A backslash can be used as an alternative to enclosing a single character in quotation marks.
* The character that follows an asterisk in a format string is used to fill the width of the selected cell. A maximum of 10 asterisks in each section of a format may be used.
d This character is used to display a one- or two-digit number representing the day of the month (e.g., 1 for day 1, 30 for day 30).
dd These characters are used to display a two-digit number representing the day of the month (e.g., 01 for day 1, 30 for day 30).
ddd These characters are used to display an abbreviated version of the day name (e.g., "Sat" or "Sun").
dddd These characters are used to display a full text version of the day name (e.g., "Saturday" or "Sunday").
m This character is used to display a one- or two-digit number representing the month of the year (e.g., 1 for January, 12 for December).
mm These characters are used to display a two-digit number representing the month of the year (e.g., 01 for January, 12 for December).
mmm These characters are used to display an abbreviated version of the month name (e.g., "Jan" or "Dec").
mmmm These characters are used to display the full text version of the month name (e.g., "January" or "December").
yy These characters are used to display a two-digit number representing the year (e.g., 01 for the year 2001 and 89 for the year 1989).
yyyy These characters are used to display a four-digit number representing the year (e.g., 2001 or 1989).
h This character is used to display a one- or two-digit number representing the hour of the day (e.g., 4 for 4:00 AM; 11 for 11:00 AM). If a/p, A/P, am/pm, or AM/PM are used in the format, the hour is displayed using a 12-hour clock (e.g., 4 for 4:00 PM). If these time of day formats are not used, the hour is displayed using a 24-hour clock (e.g., 16 for 4:00 PM).
hh These characters are used to display a two-digit number representing the hour of the day (e.g., 04 for 4:00 AM). If a/p, A/P, am/pm, or AM/PM are used in the format, the hour is displayed using a 12-hour clock (e.g., 04 for 4:00 PM). If these time of day formats are not used, the hour is displayed using a 24-hour clock (e.g., 16 for 4:00 PM).
m This character is used to display a one- or two-digit number representing the minutes portion of a time (e.g., 7 for 11:07; 13 for 11:13). The "m" must follow an "h" or an "hh" in the custom format. Otherwise, the month number is displayed instead of the minutes.
mm These characters are used to display a two-digit number representing the minutes portion of a time (e.g., 07 for 11:07). The "mm" must follow an "h" or an "hh" in the custom format. Otherwise, the month number is displayed instead of the minutes.
s This character is used to display a one- or two-digit number representing the seconds portion of a time (e.g., 3 for 8:32:03; 23 for 8:32:23).
ss These characters are used to display a two-digit number representing the seconds portion of a time (e.g., 03 for 3:32:03).
a/p A/P These characters are used to display a single character entry indicating the time of day using a 12-hour clock (e.g., "a" or "A" for times from midnight until noon and "p" or "P" for times between noon and midnight). If a/p, A/P, am/pm, or AM/PM symbols are not used, the time is displayed using a 24-hour clock.
am/pm AM/PM These characters are used to display a two-character string entry indicating the time of day using a 12-hour clock (e.g., "am" or "AM" for times from midnight until noon and "pm" or "PM" for times between noon and midnight). If a/p, A/P, am/pm, or AM/PM symbols are not used, the time is displayed using a 24-hour clock.
Examples of custom formats are shown in the following table.
3EQ Cell Value Custom Format Displayed Value
123456789 000-00-0000 123-45-6789
l3456.70 $###,##0.00 $l3,456.70
l560000.00 O.00E-00 l.56E06
O.005 O.00% O.50%
l32l8.00 "Total Sales: " $##,##0.00 Total Sales: $l3,2l8.00
32198 MMDDYYYY 02251988
32178 MMMM D, YYYY February 5, 1988
32178 MM/DD/YY 02/05/88
O.6878 HHMMSS 163025
O.3981 HH MM SS A/P 09 33 15 A
O.6750 H:M:S am/pm 4:12:0 pm
When you choose the Custom action of the Number action in the Format pull-down, the custom number pop-up window is displayed.
The following options are available in this pop-up window:
List Box. The list box displays all of the defined custom formats for the current worksheet. To select a custom format for the current cell or range, either double-click the list box item, or click the list box item and then click OK.
Format Entry. If the current cell is formatted using a custom format, the current format for the cell is displayed here. You can select a new format by choosing it from the list box or by entering a new format. Click OK when you are finished. The new format that you have defined appears in the list box the next time you choose the Custom action. When the current cell is displayed with the new custom format, the current custom format also appears in the Format: section of the pop-up window.
OK. Click OK to save the current format for the selected cell or range.
Cancel. Click Cancel to cancel any changes that have been made in the pop-up window.
Delete. Click Delete to remove the currently selected format from the list box. If a format is currently in use by any cell in the worksheet, the format cannot be removed and an error message is displayed.
IMPORTANT: Custom formats are saved with the current worksheet. If additions or changes are made to the list of custom formats, they are not retained until the worksheet is saved.
In addition to numeric formatting, you can use attributes to hide cells that contain zeroes, insert commas as thousands separators, display negative numbers in parentheses, and hide cells from view.
NUM1. Select a range of cells.
NUM2. Choose Attribute from the Format pull-down and Hide Zero from the cascading pull-down.
Hide Zero shows all the cells that contain the value zero as blank. Note that these cells are not empty
they simply contain zero values which are not being displayed.
A check mark appears next to Hide Zero when this option is selected. To reverse the action and show the zeros, choose Hide Zero again.
NUM1. Select a cell or range of cells.
NUM2. Choose Attribute from the Format pull-down and Commas from the cascading pull-down.
When you choose Commas, Wingz inserts a comma in front of every third number to the left of the decimal point.
If you include a comma or decimal point as you enter a number, the number is treated as text and cannot be formatted with the Number action.
Actions from the Attribute pull-down do not affect the way Wingz stores numbers or uses the numbers in calculations.
A check mark appears next to Commas when this action is selected. To remove the commas from a range, reselect Commas.
NUM1. Select a cell or range of cells.
NUM2. Choose Attribute from the Format pull-down and Parenthesis from the cascading pull-down.
Use Parenthesis to display negative numbers in parentheses (instead of using a minus sign).
A check mark appears next to Parenthesis when this action is selected. To remove the parentheses and restore the minus sign, reselect Parenthesis.
On color systems, Wingz automatically displays negative numbers in red. Use the Negatives action from the Format pull-down to specify a different color.
The Hidden action hides the contents of the selected cells. The selected cells are not deleted from the worksheet.
NUM1. Select a range of cells.
NUM2. Choose Attribute from the Format pull-down and Hidden from the cascading pull-down.
Use Hidden to protect cell information that you do not want others to view or that you do not wish to print. Note that this action does not prevent you (or others) from making changes to a cell.
A check mark appears next to Hidden when this option is selected. To reverse the action and show the cells, choose Hidden again.
Use the Show action from the Window pull-down to hide objects (or all cells) on the worksheet from view.
To set the number of fixed decimal places that are displayed for selected cell values, choose the Precision action.
NUM1. Select a cell or range of cells.
NUM2. Choose Precision from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. In the pop-up window, set the desired number of decimal places.
NUM4. Click OK.
When the action is chosen, a spin button (ranging from -15 to 15) is displayed. The default precision is 2. Custom format settings override the defined precision.
When the precision is set to a negative number, the decimal point is moved to the left and the displayed number is rounded. For example, if the number 1,348,697.48 is in the current cell and the precision is set to -3, the number is displayed as 1,349.
IMPORTANT: The Precision action does not change the values that are stored in the selected cells, it merely rounds the number for display purposes. Formulas that reference these cells are not affected by the precision you set.
When you format a blank range, numbers take on the selected precision as you enter them. If you have entered numbers already, their precision changes.
The Precision action does not affect numbers formatted as General. Precision does not affect the way Wingz stores numbers and uses them in calculations.
If you are using a color system, you can display negative numbers in a contrasting color by specifying the color desired from the Negatives action.
NUM1. Select a cell or range of cells.
NUM2. Choose Negatives from the Format pull-down and a color from the cascading pull-down.
The cascading pull-down actions are Red, Green, Blue, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black, White, and Other. If you choose the Other action, the color options pop-up window is displayed, enabling you to select your own color. The default color for negative cell values is Red.
To blend a color using the color options pop-up window, move the sliders within each slide bar to the position where the desired color is located. The currently selected color is displayed in the bottom color box. The top box displays the color that was selected when the pop-up window was opened.
Use the Color action from the Format pull-down to change the color of text in the cells.
Use the Fill, Line, and Border actions from the Format pull-down to modify the appearance of objects and worksheet cells.
If your system does not display color, foreground and background colors appear as black, white, or shades of grey.
You apply a background color directly to the background of an object or cells. The foreground color is applied to a pattern that sits on top of the background.
The patterns allow varying amounts of the background to show through. Patterns range from completely filled (a solid color) to completely clear (transparent).
The background and foreground color menus offer a choice of three primary colors (red, green, and blue), three secondary colors (cyan, magenta, and yellow), plus white and black. In addition, you can blend your own colors.
The Fill action in the Format pull-down enables you to choose the foreground color, background color, and pattern to be used for selected cells, objects, and chart elements.
NUM1. Select the object.
NUM2. Choose Fill from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Choose a background color in the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
By default, Wingz applies a white background color to the worksheet grid, text fields, objects, and chart elements.
Use a pattern with a foreground color to apply additional color, shading, and texture. See the next section
Filling With Patterns
for more information.
NUM1. Select the object.
NUM2. Choose Fill from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Choose a pattern and a foreground color in the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
A pattern used with the default foreground color adds a black pattern to any Wingz object. To blend colors on a system with a color monitor, choose a pattern with varying foreground and background colors. On a monochrome screen, using patterns is necessary to differentiate chart series elements.
The pattern picker at the bottom of the pop-up window provides 39 available patterns. The patterns that are displayed show a mix of the foreground and background colors selected with the color pickers described above. No pattern is used when the N option is selected. (Using no pattern makes the fill area of an object transparent.)
The Line action is used to specify the width, pattern, and color of lines, polylines, and arcs, as well as lines used in object borders, report headers, report footers, and report borders. When a cell or range is selected, the Line action affects the grid lines for the entire worksheet.
NUM1. Select an object.
NUM2. Choose Line from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Choose a foreground color in the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
You can change the line color for any Wingz object. By default, Wingz applies a solid pattern with a black foreground color to a line (a solid black line). The foreground color determines the color of the line pattern.
To apply additional color, shading, and texture to the line, use a different pattern with a foreground color and a background color. See the section entitled "Changing Line Pattern" for more information.
See the next section entitled "Changing Line Width" for information about specifying the line width.
NUM1. Select an object.
NUM2. Choose Line from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Choose a line width in the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
You can use choices in the pop-up window to specify the color and pattern of a line.
Use the actions in the Border pop-up window to change the border style of an object, text field, pushbutton, or chart element.
NUM1. Select an object.
NUM2. Choose Line from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Choose a pattern and a background color in the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
To create a broken line or a textured outline for an object, use a pattern. By default, Wingz applies a solid pattern with a black foreground color to a line (a solid black line).
A pattern used without a foreground color adds a black pattern to a line. To blend colors or to produce shades of grey on a monochrome monitor, combine a pattern with a foreground color and a background color.
To change the border style of an object, text field, pushbutton, or chart element, use actions in the Border pop-up window.
NUM1. Select a line or a polyline.
NUM2. Choose Line from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. In the pop-up window, specify an arrow for one or both ends of the line.
NUM4. Set the length of the arrow.
NUM5. Click OK.
By default, Wingz displays a 27-point arrow. You can, however, indicate a different length (up to 999 points).
The elements of a chart follow the same color and pattern rules as any other Wingz object.
To add color or pattern to the chart background area, plot area, legend, title, or footnote, select the chart element that you want to change, choose Fill from the Format pull-down, and choose colors and a pattern from the pop-up window.
To change the color or pattern of a series, select the series in the legend, choose Fill from the Format pull-down, and use options in the pop-up window.
To add a color or pattern to an axis, select the axis and choose Line from the Format pull-down, and choose colors and a pattern from the pop-up window.
To change the color or pattern of the plot area, select the chart or a chart element and choose Graph pull-down and Plot Interior Brush from the General cascading pull-down. Choose the color combination pattern that you want in the pop-up window, and click OK.
To change the color, pattern, and width of the lines that define the plot area, select the chart or a chart element and choose Plot Interior Pen from the General cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down. Click the line width, color combination, and pattern from the pop-up window, and click OK.
To change the color or pattern of the chart grid lines, select a chart axis and choose Major Grid or Minor Grid from the Axes cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down. Click the colors, pattern, and line width from the pop-up window, and click OK.
On a monochrome monitor, Wingz automatically assigns patterns instead of colors to data series. So, on a monochrome monitor, you change patterns rather than add them. If you have a grey-scale monitor, each series is assigned a shade of grey, which you can change with the color actions.
You can customize a 3D chart by adding color and pattern to its various elements. Note that series element shadows appear only in 3D charts.
To change the border of the base, select the chart and choose Base Pen from the 3D Info cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down. Specify the line width, colors, and pattern from the pop-up window, and click OK.
To change the side of the base, select the chart or a chart element and choose Base Side from the 3D Info cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down. Specify the color and pattern from the pop-up window, and click OK.
To change the top of the base, select the chart or a chart element and choose Base Top from the 3D Info cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down. Specify the color and pattern from the pop-up window, and click OK.
To change the cross-hatch lines on a Surface or Wireframe chart, select the chart or a chart element and choose Surface Pen from the 3D Info cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down. Specify the line width, color and pattern from the pop-up window, and click OK.
To change the color, pattern, and intensity of the shadow for the series elements, select the chart or chart element and choose Shadow from the 3D Info cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down. Specify the color, pattern and degree of intensity that you want in the pop-up window, and click OK.
You can change the border style of a 3D chart just as you can for other objects. See the next section, "Changing Object Borders," for more information.
NUM1. Select an object.
NUM2. Choose Border from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Choose the border style from the pop-up window.
You can change the border style of rectangles, text fields, pushbuttons, and charts. Polylines, polygons, ovals, lines, and arcs do not have border styles.
The default border is a single-line, square-cornered border with no drop shadow. In the pop-up window, you can vary the offset of a drop shadow border, specify round or square corners, and specify the kind of border.
Other options in the pop-up window allow you to add color and pattern to the drop shadow border.
Use the Line action from the Format pull-down to change the border line.
You can change the way Wingz automatically prints a worksheet by creating a report. In a report, you can place page breaks where you want them, which can divide the worksheet into meaningful sections. You can specify headers for the top of each page and footers for the bottom of each page of the report. You can hide headers and/or footers, too, if you want to print one or more pages without them.
You can also take advantage of the Show actions in the Window pull-down to change the way the worksheet appears in the printed report.
Wingz prints all worksheet information and shown objects in the selected range.
NUM1. Select the range that contains the information you want to print.
NUM2. Choose Report from the Sheet menu and Report Print Range from the cascading pull-down.
You can use the Show action from the Window pull-down to hide objects or worksheet elements from printing.
Other actions from the Report cascading pull-down add headers, footers, and page breaks to the printed worksheet.
The Page Preview action from the File pull-down allows you to preview sample pages before printing. Wingz displays the current worksheet on the screen as it will look when printed. You can click Next and Prev to see all the printed pages, or Goto to view a specific page.
Wingz automatically paginates your worksheet when you print it. You can override this automatic pagination by setting page breaks wherever you want them.
NUM1. Select the last row or column you want to appear on a page, or the cell that marks the lower-right corner of a page.
NUM2. Choose Report from the Sheet pull-down and Add Page Break from the cascading pull-down.
You can set a page break after any row or column in the worksheet. If you select a row, anything below that row appears on a subsequent page. If you select a column, anything to the right of that column appears on a subsequent page. If you select a cell, that cell marks the lower-right corner of the printed page.
If any of the pages you create with page breaks are longer than the page size you have selected with the Page Setup action, Wingz automatically inserts additional page breaks to fit the page size.
NUM1. Select the cell that marks the lower-right corner of the page.
NUM2. Choose Report from the Sheet pull-down and Remove Page Break from the cascading pull-down.
When you select a cell and choose the Remove Page Break option, Wingz finds the next page break and removes it. You can then scroll to find the next page break and repeat the procedure to remove it, if desired. To remove all page breaks that have been added, choose the Remove All Page Breaks option.
You cannot remove page breaks that Wingz sets automatically to fit the page size you have chosen using the Page Setup action.
You can create a header or footer that appears on each page of the printed report.
NUM1. Select the cell or range containing the text of the header or footer.
NUM2. Choose Report from the Sheet pull-down and Report Header Range from the cascading pull-down to create a header. Choose Report Footer Range to create a footer.
The text of the header or footer is entered in a cell or range of cells. The text in a cell can run over the cell boundary, but the total cannot exceed 255 characters. If you are using a range of cells for your header or footer, the text in each cell appears on a separate line.
To find an existing header or footer, choose Select from the Go pull-down and Report Header or Report Footer from the cascading pull-down.
You can change the font, size, or style of the header or footer text, or add color to it. For more information, refer to the section
Global Formatting
for more information.
Choose Report from the Sheet pull-down and the desired justification from the cascading pull-down.
When you create a report with a header, the header automatically appears centered at the top of the page. You can align it with the left or right margin, or return it to the center of the line. Use Page Preview from the File pull-down to preview these choices before you print.
You set the margins with the Page Setup action from the File pull-down.
Choose Report from the Sheet pull-down and the desired justification from the cascading pull-down.
Like headers, footers can be aligned to the left or right margin or centered on the printed page of a worksheet report. Use Page Preview from the File pull-down to preview these choices before you print.
You set the margins with the Page Setup action from the File pull-down.
To print your report without headers, choose Report from the Sheet pull-down and Hide Report Header from the cascading pull-down.
To print your report without footers, choose Report from the Sheet pull-down and Hide Report Footer from the cascading pull-down.
With Wingz you can open and work with several worksheets at the same time and even display duplicate copies of a worksheet in separate windows. The Clipboard allows you to cut, copy, and paste material from other Wingz worksheets
and other applications
onto a Wingz worksheet. Moreover, you can resize, relocate, and activate a Wingz window in the usual fashion.
Wingz provides several ways to make a window active:
Click in a portion of the window.
Choose the window name from the list of open windows at the bottom of the Window pull-down.
In OS/2 Presentation Manager, click the system menu icon and select the Switch Window action from the System menu pull-down.
In Windows, click the system menu icon and select the Next action from the System menu pull-down.
Select the Ctrl and Tab keys to move through multiple windows.
Choose New Window from the Window pull-down to display a duplicate version of the active worksheet in a second window.
The same worksheet now appears in two windows. Use the Arrange Windows action from the Window pull-down to display both windows on your screen at the same time.
Changes made to a worksheet in one window are reflected in the other window. You can use the two windows to work on different sections of the same worksheet.
The new window is named
name:2
and the original window is renamed
name:1
To fit all open windows on the screen at the same time, choose Arrange Windows from the Window pull-down.
To make a window active, click in the window or choose the window name from the list of open windows at the bottom of the Window pull-down.
You can view different parts of a worksheet at the same time in different windows. Use New Window from the Window pull-down to display the same worksheet in more than one window.
You can also arrange script windows and the Help window.
When you open a new window, Wingz displays the worksheet title and the window number. You can open as many windows as your computer memory allows.
Duplicate versions of a worksheet are numbered sequentially in the title bar of the window (Name:1; Name:2).
You change the size and location of a Wingz window in the usual fashion:
To change the size of a window, drag the bottom-right corner of the window with the double-pointed arrow.
To fill the entire screen with a window, click the maximize icon at the top-right corner of the window. Repeat this action to reduce the window to its former size.
To move a window, drag its title bar.
Using the Wingz Clipboard, you can cut or copy the contents of a cell, range, text or object. You can then paste this material onto a Wingz worksheet. You cannot edit or view the contents of the Clipboard.
The Clipboard can hold only the contents of one Cut (or Copy) action at a time. If you cut or copy something else before pasting the current contents of the Clipboard, the current contents are lost.
You can use the Clipboard to import graphics and text from other software products.
The following Wingz actions work with the Clipboard:
The Cut action from the Edit pull-down removes the selected cell, range, object, or text field from the active worksheet and places this material on the Clipboard. In contrast, the Clear action removes material from a worksheet but does not place it on the Clipboard.
The Copy action from the Edit pull-down places a copy of the selected cell, range, object, or text field on the Clipboard.
The Paste action from the Edit pull-down copies the contents of the Clipboard to the selected worksheet location. You can paste all Clipboard objects (including scanned images and imported graphics and text) onto a worksheet.
Paste does not delete the material on the Clipboard; if you choose, you can Paste multiple copies of the same material into a worksheet. The material remains on the Clipboard until the next Cut or Copy action.
Charts allow you to analyze worksheet data at a glance. They present information in a visual format that is both appealing and meaningful.
You can select from among 20 different chart types, including simple Bar charts, Pie charts, Scatter charts and XY charts. For a more impressive presentation, you can create various three-dimensional charts, Hi-Lo charts, Polar charts, or Surface charts. Titles, footnotes, labels, and colors can also be used to enhance the chart even further.
A chart contains the following elements:
The Background Area is the large box used as the background for all of the chart elements. When you select a chart, the Background Area is displayed with square handles around it.
The Plot Area is the box within the background area that contains the chart.
The Title Area is the box that contains the chart title.
The Footnote Area is the box that contains the footnote.
The Legend Area is the box that contains the legend. Here, the color, pattern, and name of each data series in the chart is shown.
The Axes are the horizontal or vertical lines in a chart which show the separate divisions of a chart range and the scale of values represented by the range. In a three-dimensional chart, an additional axis is used to show the chart series.
The Series is a row of worksheet values shown on the chart as a bar, line, symbol, or as a slice in a pie chart. Each series has a unique name, and a color, pattern, or symbol that distinguishes it from the other series in the chart. The series are displayed in the chart's legend.
The Division is a column of worksheet values that is represented by a set of bars, lines, steps, or layers that contains one value from each series.
Creating a chart in Wingz is very simple:
NUM1. Select a range of data that you want to chart.
NUM2. Click on the Chart Tool.
NUM3. Click and drag the mouse to select the area for the chart on the worksheet.
When you release the mouse button, Wingz creates a two-dimensional bar chart using the data you selected. When large ranges are selected, a Wireframe chart is created.
To select another type of chart, choose the Gallery action from the Graph pull-down.
To align the chart with the worksheet grid lines, hold down the Ctrl key when you drag the mouse to define the chart area.
Once you have created a chart, you can choose from one of the following chart types in the Wingz gallery:
3EQ Bar 3D Bar XY
Line 3D Line Scatter
Layer 3D Layer Polar
Step 3D Step Contour
Pie 3D Pie Surface
Combination 3D Combination Wireframe
Horizontal Bar HiLo
To change your chart to one of the above chart types:
NUM1. Select a chart.
NUM2. Choose a chart type from the Gallery cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
On a 2D chart, the vertical axis shows the scale of the height of bars, lines, and layers. The horizontal axis shows the separation of the chart divisions.
On a 3D chart, an additional axis that represents the depth of the chart. This axis is used to separate the individual series of the chart. The location of a value in the chart data range corresponds to its location on the 3D chart.
The Wingz gallery provides eight different 3D chart types from which you can choose. These include 3D Bar, 3D Line, 3D Layer, 3D Step, 3D Combination, 3D Pie, Surface, and Wireframe.
A 3D chart displays data from your chart range using three axes. The vertical axis provides the measurement scale for your data; the horizontal axis displays the divisions; and the depth axis displays the series elements in each division.
Using options from the View action from the 3D Info cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down, you can modify the rotation, elevation, and perspective of your 3D chart.
Wingz allows you to change the three-dimensional positioning of a chart. You can rotate the chart, change the chart elevation, or change the perspective of the chart by following these steps:
NUM1. Select a 3D chart.
NUM2. Choose 3D Info from the Graph pull-down and View from the cascading pull-down.
NUM3. Use the controls in the pop-up window to change the perspective, elevation, and rotation of the figure.
NUM4. Click the OK pushbutton when you are finished.
The 3D View pop-up window contains an image of a 3D cube and controls to set the rotation, elevation, X and Y vanishing points, and distance for a 3D chart. Adjust the controls to change the viewing angle of a 3D chart. Changes are shown on the 3D cube image in the pop-up window.
Use the slide bar below the cube to set the horizontal rotation of the chart.
Use the slide bar to the left of the cube to set the elevation (vertical rotation) of the chart.
Use the remaining three controls to set the perspective (X and Y vanishing points, and distance). The intersection of the X and Y vanishing points determines where on the horizon the chart lines converge. Distance indicates how near the chart appears.
You can also change the horizontal and vertical vanishing points by clicking on a point of perspective on the sample box. The cross symbol used to designate the perspective is moved to the selected location and the Vanishing X and Vanishing Y settings are changed accordingly.
There are many ways that you can manipulate charts in Wingz. You can change the location of the chart elements, change the color, pattern, and border of the chart elements; change the parsing mode used for the chart; or change the data range used to draw the chart.
Parsing is the method Wingz uses to divide the various components of a chart based on the data range selected. There are two methods of parsing in Wingz: horizontal and vertical.
To change the current method of parsing for a chart:
NUM1. Select a chart.
NUM2. Choose Horizontal Parsing, Vertical Parsing, Automatic Parsing, or No Parsing from the General cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
When horizontal parsing is used, series data flows horizontally from left to right. Horizontal parsing is the default parsing mode used for 2D and 3D Bar, Line, Layer, Step, Combination, Pie, and Horizontal Bar charts.
Series data flows vertically from top to bottom when vertical parsing is in effect. Vertical parsing is the default method for HiLo, XY, Polar, and Scatter charts.
When Automatic Parsing is chosen, the default method of parsing for the current chart type is used.
Parsing is deactivated (No Parsing) when pull-down actions that change the chart's title range, series range, data range, series label, or division label are chosen. When No Parsing is in effect, all cells in the range are specified as data instead of as a title or label.
Wireframe, Contour, and Surface charts do not use series data and are, therefore, unaffected by changes in parsing.
You can change the range used for the chart data or for series or division labels by following these steps:
NUM1. Select the new range
NUM2. Click on the Object Tool.
NUM3. Hold down the Ctrl key and select the chart.
NUM4. Choose Chart Range, Series Label Range, or Division Label Range from the General cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
If you choose the Chart Range action, the entire chart is redrawn based on the new range of data. Any other changes that have been made to the chart, except for parsing method, remain in effect. The parsing method is changed to Automatic Parsing.
When you choose Series Label Range the text in the selected range is used for the series labels appearing in the legend. If the selected chart is a 3D chart, the labels on the series axis are also changed.
When Division Label Range is chosen, the text in the selected range is used for the division labels that appear along the division axis of the selected chart.
To further enhance your charts, you can place a title in the chart.
When you first create a chart, if the cell in the upper left corner of the selected chart range contains text, this text will, by default, be used for the chart title. You can change the chart title or you can move the title to another position of the chart.
To add a title to a chart:
NUM1. Select a cell or range that contains the text you want to appear as the title.
NUM2. Click on the Object Tool.
NUM3. While holding down the Ctrl key, select a chart.
NUM4. Choose Title Range from the Title cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
Wingz will use the text in the top-left cell of the selected range for the chart title when the chart is first created. The text for the title can appear in a single cell, a row of cells, or a column of cells. When a row or column of cells is used for the Title Range, text from each cell is placed on a separate line in the title.
If the top-left cell of the selected range does not contain text when the chart is created, a title is not included in the chart.
To relocate the title, choose Left, Center, or Right from the Title cascading pull-down of the Graph pull-down. Choose Hide Title to hide it from view.
To change the color or pattern of the title area, select the title area and choose Fill from the Format pull-down. Choose Border to format the title area border.
To change the format of the title text, select the cell(s) containing the text and use the text formatting actions from the Format pull-down.
Once a title has been defined, you can move the title to a new position along the top of the chart region by following these steps:
NUM1. Select a chart.
NUM2. Choose an option (Left, Right, or Center) from the Title cascading pull-down of the Graph pull-down. Choose Hide Title to hide it from view.
To change the color or pattern of the title area, select the title area and choose Fill from the Format pull-down. Choose Border to format the title area border.
To change the format of the title text, select the cell(s) containing the text and use actions from the Format pull-down.
When you create a chart, the chart legend is placed on the right side of the chart area by default. You can move the legend to another location in the chart area by following these steps:
NUM1. Select a chart.
NUM2. Choose Legend from the Graph pull-down and the desired location (Top, Bottom, Left, or Right) from the cascading pull-down. Choose Hide Legend to hide it from view.
The proportion of the chart area automatically changes to accommodate the new legend position.
To change the color or pattern of the legend area, select the legend and choose Fill from the Format pull-down. Choose Border to format the legend area border.
To change the format of the legend text, select the cell containing the text and use the actions from the Format pull-down.
Once you have created a chart, you can annotate the chart by adding footnotes. A footnote is a region of text located in the bottom portion of the chart. The text from the chart is taken from selected text cells in the worksheet. Once defined, the footnote can be moved to different locations on the chart.
Once you have created a chart, you can add a footnote to your chart by doing the following:
NUM1. Select a range containing the text that you want to appear in a footnote.
NUM2. Hold down the Ctrl key and select the chart.
NUM3. Choose Footnote Range from the Footnote cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
The footnote first appears in a box beneath the legend.
The footnote range can be a single cell, a row of cells, or a column of cells. When multiple cells are selected, a separate line for each cell is used for the footnote text.
To relocate the footnote, use the options from the Footnote cascading pull-down of the Graph pull-down. Choose the Hide Footnote option to hide it from view.
To change the color or pattern of the footnote area, select the footnote and choose Fill from the Format pull-down. Choose Border to format the footnote area border.
To change the format of the footnote text, select the cell containing the text and use actions from the Format pull-down.
You can move a footnote to a new location in the chart by following these steps:
NUM1. Select a chart.
NUM2. Choose one of the location options (Left, Right, or Center) from the Footnote cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down. Choose Hide Footnote to hide it from view.
To change the color or pattern of the footnote area, select the footnote and choose Fill from the Format pull-down. Choose Border to format the footnote area border.
To change the format of the footnote text, select the cell containing the text and use actions from the Format pull-down.
Every chart in Wingz has at least 2 axes which are used to either set the scale for the worksheet values or to label and group the series and divisions.
By default, most two-dimensional charts have two axes. For Bar, Line, Layer, Step, and Combination charts, the horizontal axis is used to group series elements into divisions. The vertical axis is the dependent axis where the scale is defined for the chart range values. The two axes are reversed in a Horizontal Bar chart.
In XY and Scatter charts, both the horizontal and vertical axes are dependent.
Three-dimensional charts have three axes; the additional depth axis is where individual series are labeled.
In Wingz, there are actions that let you hide axes, display axes titles, change the axes scales, and add additional axes.
To change the scale of a chart axis:
NUM1. Select a chart's dependent axis.
NUM2. Choose a scale (Linear, Log, or Percent) from the Axes cascading pull-down of the Graph pull-down.
Log Scale uses a logarithmic base 10 scale, by default.
Linear Scale, the default option, uses a linear scale.
Percent Scale ranks the largest series value as 100 percent and displays all values as percentages of the largest series.
Scale Info displays a pop-up window where you can manually scale the axis by defining the log base, the minimum and maximum values for the axis, and the number of major and minor divisions for the scale.
Some two-dimensional charts can have an additional dependent axis to represent one or more series in a chart. To add an auxiliary axis for a series, perform the following steps:
NUM1. Select a chart series.
NUM2. Choose the Aux Axis action from the Series cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
The scale of the auxiliary axis is based on the value of the series selected. If more than one series has a defined auxiliary axis, the largest series value determines the maximum scale value of the axis.
To hide the auxiliary axis, select the Aux Axis action again for all series that are represented by the auxiliary axis. A check mark appears next to the action when an auxiliary axis is in effect for the currently selected series.
You can display or hide a chart axis or display the axis line only.
NUM1. Select a chart axis.
NUM2. Choose an option (Hide Axis, Show Axis, Show Axis Line) from the Axes cascading pull-down of the Graph pull-down.
You can modify a chart axis to suit your needs. The Axes cascading pull-down includes the following choices for hiding and displaying axes:
Hide Axis makes the selected axis and its grid lines and hash marks invisible. Even though the axis is invisible, you can still select it by pointing to the spot where it would normally appear. To redisplay the axis, choose the Hide Axis action again.
Axis Line Only displays the axis as a line with no hash marks at the division boundaries.
To change the color, width, and pattern of the grid lines that extend from the axis hash marks, choose one of the following actions from the Axes cascading pull-down:
Major Grids brings up a pop-up window with format choices for major grids.
Minor Grids brings up a pop-up window with format choices for minor grids.
You can define a title for an axis by following these steps:
NUM1. Select a cell containing the text for the axis title.
NUM2. Hold down the Ctrl key and select a chart axis.
NUM3. Choose the Title Range action from the Axes cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
To hide an axis title from view, choose the Hide Title action from the Axes cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down. To redisplay the axis title, choose the Hide Title action again.
The orientation of the axis title depends on which axis was selected. By default, the vertical axis title is displayed vertically with the text appearing sideways and a horizontal axis title is displayed horizontally. To change the orientation of the axis title, choose the Rotate Title action. A check mark appears next to the action when the title for the currently selected axis is vertical.
A series is a set of data values represented in the legend area by a square, line, or symbol with a color and pattern that matches its graphic representation in the chart. For charts that use horizontal parsing, a series represents one row of data in the chart data range. When vertical parsing is used, a series represents one column of data.
If you want to change the chart series values, simply change the corresponding worksheet cells. If, however, you want to redefine the range of values used for a particular series, you will need to do the following:
NUM1. Click a series label or symbol in the Legend area of a chart to select a series.
NUM2. Hold down the Ctrl key and use the Worksheet Tool to select a range.
NUM3. Choose Range from the Series cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
The Range action redefines the range of values used to chart the selected series.
Select only one data set for most chart types.
Select two data sets for XY charts and Scatter charts. The first data set generates the X values and the second data set generates the Y values. For example, your current chart range is A1..D5 and you want to redefine a series in your XY chart.
NUM1. Click a series label in the Legend of the chart.
NUM2. Hold down the Ctrl key and select the range E1..E5. Then select the range F1..F5 while still holding down the Ctrl key.
NUM3. Choose Range from the Series cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
Select three data sets for HiLo charts: the first data set for the high values, the second data set for the low values, and the third data set for the close values. Use the example XY chart example above, selecting three ranges instead of two.
You can add a copy of any series in a chart by following these steps:
NUM1. Select a series by clicking on the series in the legend.
NUM2. Choose Add Series from the Series cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
The new series appears next to the original series in the legend area and the plot area. The newly added series becomes the currently selected series.
You can redefine the range of values used for a series by using the Range action from the Series cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
If you decide that you do not want to include a particular series in a chart, you can delete it from both the chart and the legend. To remove a series from a chart:
NUM1. Select a series by clicking on the series in the legend.
NUM2. Choose Delete Series from the Series cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
Use the Hide action from the Series cascading pull-down to temporarily hide a series on the chart. You can redisplay a hidden series with the Show All Series action; you cannot redisplay a deleted series.
If you want to remove more than one series, hold down the Ctrl key as you select the additional series.
On XY and Scatter charts, two columns of values from the chart range make up a single series. Each pair of series values represents a horizontal and vertical coordinate which intersect at a point in the plot region of the chart.
On a Scatter chart, each point in a series is represented in the chart by a symbol. XY charts use lines to connect these points, but symbols can also be defined for the coordinate points.
To define a symbol for a series or to change the current symbol:
NUM1. Select a series by clicking on the series in the legend.
NUM2. Choose the Symbol action from the Series cascading pull-down of the Graph pull-down.
NUM3. Select the symbol type, size, color, and width from the Symbol pop-up window.
NUM4. When you have finished defining the symbol, click OK.
If you want more than one series to have the same symbol, hold down the Ctrl key and select the additional series before choosing the Symbol action.
You can temporarily suppress the display of a series in the plot area by hiding a series.
NUM1. Select a series by clicking on the series in the legend.
NUM2. Choose Hide from the Series cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
When you hide a series, those columns that were occupied by series in the plot area are left blank and the legend entry is removed.
A check mark next to the Hide action indicates that the selected series is hidden. To redisplay the series, choose the Hide action again.
Use the Show All Series action from the Series cascading pull-down to display all series for a chart, including those that were previously hidden. Series that were deleted will not be displayed.
Click the series label or symbol in the legend to select it. To select more than one series, hold down the Ctrl key while selecting additional series.
The range used for series labels in a chart can be changed.
NUM1. Select the range containing the series labels.
NUM2. Hold down the Ctrl key and select the appropriate chart.
NUM3. Choose the Series Label Range action from the General cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
The series label range must be in a single column or row and should contain as many cells as there are series in the chart.
In a chart, you can display labels for series elements in the plot area to add emphasis or clarity to the chart. Use the following steps to display series labels.
NUM1. Select the series that you want to label.
NUM2. Choose Label from the Series cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
NUM3. In the pop-up window, click one of the options for the position of the label, then click the type of label you want to display.
NUM4. Click OK.
When you label a series, the label appears in the plot area of the chart. You can choose the label placement (Base, Center, or Exterior), and the type of label.
Choose Text to display labels as text.
Choose Value to display labels as the values of the selected series.
Choose Percent to display labels as percentages of the largest chart value.
To suppress the display of the series label, choose the Hide action under Display.
To select a series, click on the series symbol or label from the chart legend. You can label more than one series by holding down the Ctrl key while selecting the additional series.
You can display any series that you have hidden with the following steps:
NUM1. Select a series in the legend.
NUM2. Choose Show All Series from the Series cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
Deleted series are not displayed.
Use the Hide action from the Series cascading pull-down to hide a data series.
Series in a chart can be stacked or unstacked:
To stack all of the series in a chart, select the chart and choose Stack Chart from the General cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
To unstack the chart series, select the chart and choose Unstack Chart from the General cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
To use the default stacking mode for the selected chart, select the chart and choose Automatic Stacking from the General cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
Stacking only applies to two-dimensional charts in Wingz. By default, Bar, Line, and Combination charts are unstacked; Layer and Step charts are stacked.
When you choose Stack Chart, Wingz stacks all the values within each division, so you see the sum of the series values. When charts are unstacked, the values are separated and the scale reflects the greatest value in the chart range.
You can manually stack series elements in a chart. Follow these steps to manually stack a chart series:
NUM1. Select the chart.
NUM2. Choose Combination from the Gallery cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
NUM3. Select two or more series on the chart Legend.
NUM4. Choose Combination from the Series cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
NUM5. Click Stack in the pop-up window.
NUM6. Enter the column where you want the stacked series to appear.
NUM7. Click OK.
Click the series label or symbol in the legend to select it. To select more than one series, hold down the Ctrl key to select the additional series.
The lines that represent series in a Line chart, Layer chart, and XY chart can be smoothed.
NUM1. Select a series by clicking on the series in the legend.
NUM2. Choose Smooth from the Series cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
Choose Smooth a second time to return the chart data to normal. A check mark appears next to the pull-down action when the current series is smoothed.
To select a series, click the series label or symbol in the legend area. You can select more than one series by holding down the Ctrl key to select the additional series.
You can emphasize a particular series in a pie chart by separating the pie slice representing the series from the rest of the pie. To explode a pie slice use the following steps:
NUM1. Select a series symbol in the legend area.
NUM2. Choose Explode from the Series cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
To return the pie slice back to the pie, choose Explode a second time. A check mark appears next to Explode in the cascading pull-down when this action is in effect for the current series.
Click the series label or symbol in the legend to select it. To select more than one series, hold down the Ctrl key while selecting the additional series.
A Combination chart lets you combine the way your series values are represented. You can use any combination of bars, lines, layers or steps in a Combination or 3D Combination chart.
NUM1. Select a chart.
NUM2. Choose the Combination or 3D Combination action from the Gallery cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
NUM3. Select one or more series from the legend area.
NUM4. Choose the Combination action from the Series cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
NUM5. Select a chart type for the selected series.
NUM6. Set the column where you want the series to appear, if appropriate.
NUM7. Click Hide Legend Entry or Stack to select these actions.
NUM8. Click OK.
When you choose a style for a series, you can also change the series display order by selecting a column position. Column 1 is always the first element on the left in a 2D chart, or the deepest element in a 3D chart.
When there is more than one series in the same column, you can select the Stack action to stack the series elements in that column.
Click the series label or symbol in the legend to select it. To select more than one series, hold down the Ctrl key and select the additional series.
When you create a chart, Wingz determines the best size and location for chart elements. However, you can manually arrange and resize the elements of a chart with the Manual Layout action.
NUM1. Select a chart.
NUM2. Choose the Automatic Layout action from the General cascading pull-down in the Graph pull-down.
NUM3. Unselect all chart elements by clicking on the worksheet outside of the chart.
NUM4. Click on one of the chart elements and resize it or move it to a new location.
When you select Manual Layout, all elements in the chart are selected. To move or resize an individual element, you must unselect the chart elements and reselect the desired element.
If you wish to return to automatic layout mode, choose the Automatic Layout action again. A check mark appears next to Automatic Layout when it is in effect. When you return to automatic layout mode, all changes made in manual mode are abandoned and Wingz repositions and resizes all elements of the chart.
If you want more information about your chart or want to check some of the chart's current settings, follow these steps:
NUM1. Select a chart.
NUM2. Choose the Chart Info action from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Select options from the Chart Info pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
The Chart Info pop-up window displays different options according to the type of chart that you have selected.
You can add a text field to your worksheet to present information in a text format. You can place the text field anywhere on the worksheet to describe charts, objects, or worksheet information.
You can format, move, and resize a text field in the same manner as other objects in the worksheet. Add lines with arrows to point to parts of the worksheet, and hide or show a text field to suit your needs at the time.
To delete a text field, select it with the Object Tool and select Clear or Cut from the Edit pull-down or press the Delete or Backspace key.
NUM1. Select the Text Tool.
NUM2. Drag to select the area for the text field.
To align the text field with worksheet grid lines, press the Ctrl key while dragging.
NUM1. Select the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Click in the text field to set the insertion point.
NUM3. Type text at the insertion point.
A blinking vertical bar appears in the text field to mark the insertion point. If the text field is empty, the insertion point appears in the upper-left corner.
Enter text as you would with a word processor. Press the Enter key to start a new paragraph.
When you create a new text field, it is automatically selected and ready for you to enter text at the insertion point.
You can find and/or replace text in a field.
NUM1. Select the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Click in a text field at the starting location for the search.
NUM3. Choose Find from the Go pull-down.
NUM4. Enter in the pop-up window the text that you want to find (and/or replace).
NUM5. Click Find, Replace, or Replace All.
Use the Worksheet Tool to select the text that you want to edit. You can edit the text in a field in the usual fashion:
Click to set the insertion point within the field text.
Drag to select a portion of the text.
Shift-click to change the anchor point of a selected portion of text.
Double-click to select a word.
You can enter formulas into text fields by surrounding the formula, including the equal sign, with parentheses and locking the text field.
NUM1. Select the Worksheet Tool.
NUM2. Click in the text field to set the insertion point.
NUM3. Type a formula surrounded by parentheses, such as (=ADATE(NOW(),"MM/DD/YY")) for the current date.
NUM4. Choose Field Info from the Format pull-down.
NUM5. Click Locked in the pop-up window.
When you lock the field, Wingz displays formula results in the field. Click Locked a second time to unlock the field and display the formula text.
Text field formulas can refer to worksheet cells (e.g., (=A1)). The formula in the text field is updated when the worksheet cell is changed or recalculated.
You can select actions in the Field Info pop-up window to customize your text field.
NUM1. Select the text field with the Object Tool.
NUM2. Choose Field Info from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Select the appropriate actions in the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
You can add a scroll bar to your text field to easily view any text that extends beyond the displayed text field boundaries.
NUM1. Select the text field with the Object Tool.
NUM2. Choose Field Info from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Click the Scroll Bar check box in the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
The scroll bar appears on the right side of the text field.
Click the Scroll bar check box in the Field Info pop-up window again to remove the scroll bar.
NUM1. Select the text field with the Object Tool.
NUM2. Select one or more paragraphs with the Worksheet Tool.
NUM3. Choose Field Info from the Format pull-down.
NUM4. Click the appropriate radio button(s) in the Line Space section of the pop-up window.
NUM5. Change the Leading spin button in the pop-up window.
NUM6. Click OK.
Line spacing can be set to single, double, and 1.5 spacing.
Fixed Height sets one height for text lines, regardless of font size.
Extra Leading represents the amount of extra space to leave between the bottom of one line and the top of the largest font on the next. The number entered is specified in points.
The Leading spin button specifies the amount of fixed height or the amount of extra leading to include for each line of the selected field. The number entered is specified in points.
Select the current Leading setting, then type in a new setting. Click the scroll arrows to increase or decrease current leading settings.
NOTE: Leading settings are measured in points (72 points = 1 inch).
When a text field is locked, you cannot edit or change its text.
NUM1. Select the text field.
NUM2. Choose Field Info from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Click the Locked check box in the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
You can click the Locked check box in the Field Info action again to unlock the text field.
Unlocked text fields display formula text. Locked text fields display formula results.
The margins of a text field can be customized.
NUM1. Select the text field.
NUM2. Choose Field Info from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Change the margin settings in the Margins portion of the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
Double-click to select current margin settings, then type in new settings, or click the scroll arrows to increase or decrease current margin settings.
NOTE: Margin settings are measured in points (72 points = 1 inch).
NUM1. Select the text field with the Object Tool.
NUM2. Choose Field Info from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Select the Name text box in the pop-up window.
NUM4. Enter the name.
NUM5. Click OK.
The name, followed by a colon, appears to the left of the text field.
Text field names are used primarily in scripts to access a named text field.
NUM1. Select the text field.
NUM2. Choose Field Info from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Change indent settings in the Indents portion of the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
Double-click to select current indent settings, then type in new settings, or click the scroll arrows to increase or decrease current indent settings.
NOTE: Indent settings are measured in points (72 points = 1 inch).
NUM1. Select the text field.
NUM2. Choose Field Info from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Change the tab setting in the Tabs portion of the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
Double-click to select the current tab setting, then type in a new setting, or click the scroll arrows to increase or decrease the current tab setting.
NOTE: Tab settings are measured in points (72 points = 1 inch).
NUM1. Select the text field with the Object Tool.
NUM2. Choose Field Info from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Select the Title text box in the pop-up window.
NUM4. Enter the title.
NUM5. Click OK.
The title appears in the title area at the top of the text field.
At times, you may want to show some text fields while hiding others. To do so, simply change several text fields to cell notes.
NUM1. Select a text field.
NUM2. Choose Field Info from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Click Cell Note in the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
Cell notes and text fields are similar, except that you can select, show, or hide them as separate groups. Cell notes are not linked to cells or ranges.
To find existing cell notes, choose Select from the Go pull-down and Notes from the cascading pull-down.
To find existing text fields which are not cell notes, choose Select from the Go pull-down and Fields from the cascading pull-down.
To display or hide cell notes, choose Show from the Window pull-down and Notes from the cascading pull-down.
To display or hide text fields which are not cell notes, choose Show from the Window pull-down and Fields from the cascading pull-down.
NUM1. Select the text field.
NUM2. Choose Field Info from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Click Word Wrap in the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click OK.
Automatic word wrap starts a new line of text when you reach the right margin of the text field. The default setting for word wrap is On.
Click Word wrap a second time to turn off word wrap. With word wrap off, text continues to the right without starting a new line. You can view long lines by making the text field wider.
NUM1. Select the text field with the Object Tool; handles appear at the corners of the text field.
NUM2. Drag a handle to change the size of the text field.
The text in a field reformats automatically to fit the new field size if word wrap is on. The length of text lines is determined by the field width and margins.
With word wrap off, text will not reformat to fit the new field size. A line of text will continue to the right without starting a new line. You can view long lines by making the text field wider.
You format text fields the same way that you format other items in Wingz. You can:
Change text font.
Change font size.
Change font styles.
Change text color.
Align text fields.
Add colors and pattern to the field.
Create a border around the field.
A full description of formatting actions appears in the
Formatting Data and Objects
section.
Pushbuttons are controls which can monitor user events within attached scripts. Use the following steps to create a pushbutton with an attached script.
NUM1. Select the Button Tool.
NUM2. Drag to draw the pushbutton.
NUM3. Choose Button Script from the Script pull-down.
NUM4. Enter the HyperScript Commands (for example: Message "You can't do that now!")
NUM5. Save and Close the Button Script window.
For each pushbutton you create one script which is attached to the pushbutton. Once you click the pushbutton with the Worksheet Tool, Wingz performs the operations in the script.
You can add to your worksheet as many pushbuttons as you need (or as many as your memory allows).
Use the Object Tool to select the pushbutton or change its size. Since a pushbutton is an object, you can move, copy, or remove a pushbutton as you would any other object. Use the Worksheet Tool to click the pushbutton.
Choose Pushbutton Info from the Format pull-down and click Transparent in the pop-up window to make the pushbutton transparent. To change the color or pattern of the pushbutton, choose Fill from the Format pull-down and Border from the cascading pull-down.
To find existing pushbuttons in a worksheet, choose Select from the Go pull-down and Controls from the cascading pull-down.
You can assign a pushbutton a name and a title. The title appears above the name on the pushbutton.
NUM1. Select the pushbutton with the Object Tool.
NUM2. Choose Button Info from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Type the name of the pushbutton in the Name blank.
NUM4. Type a title in the Title blank, if you want and click the OK pushbutton.
The Wingz Tool Box contains drawing tools that allow you to create lines, arcs, rectangles, ovals, polygons, and polylines. Graphic objects can be used to highlight and explain the data contained in a Wingz worksheet or the information displayed in a Wingz chart.
You can import pictures from other programs and other worksheets, and Cut, Copy, and Paste them via the Clipboard.
Each graphic you draw is an object. You can work with a graphic the same way you work with other Wingz objects: select it, move it, copy it, format it, lock it, and change its size.
You can group several objects together for Wingz to manipulate them as a single object. The entire group can be copied, moved, formatted, and resized. To change just one part, you simply ungroup the graphic objects again.
NUM1. Select a drawing tool.
NUM2. Drag to draw an object.
Select a drawing tool from the Tool Box. Click on the worksheet to mark the anchor point, then drag until the desired area for the object is defined. To align the object with worksheet grid lines, press the Ctrl key while dragging.
The Wingz Tool Box contains five drawing tools:
The Line Tool draws a line between two points.
The Arc Tool draws a curved line between two points.
The Oval Tool draws an oval or circle.
The Rectangle Tool draws a rectangle or square.
The Poly Tool draws a polygon or polyline.
You can name an object. Doing this allows you to quickly access an object in scripts. To name an object, select it, then choose the Info action (Line Info, Arc Info, etc.) at the bottom of the Format pull-down. Enter a name in the pop-up window.
To draw a polyline, select the Poly Tool and drag a line. Click to mark a corner point, then drag more lines until you finish the polyline. Double-click to quit.
To draw a polygon, draw a polyline so that the last line ends where the first line begins. A polygon fills the area described by the lines.
To change a polygon to a polyline, choose Polygon Info from the Format pull-down. Click the Polyline radio button in the Polygon Info pop-up window, then click OK. Choose Polyline Info and click the Polygon radio button to change a polyline to a polygon.
To round the corners of a polygon or polyline, click the Smooth check box in the Polygon Info pop-up window, then click OK.
To add a corner handle to a polyline or polygon, double-click the line or edge. To delete a corner handle from a polyline or polygon, double-click the handle.
All objects (e.g., graphic objects, text fields, pushbuttons, charts, and controls) are similar in that you have the ability to resize, name, arrange, move, and lock the object. You can import picture files to place on the worksheet. Once pasted on the worksheet, these "pictures" have the same abilities as any other object on the worksheet.
NUM1. Select an object with the Object Tool.
NUM2. Drag a handle away from the center of the object to enlarge it, or toward the center of the object to shrink it.
You can expand objects up to 22 by 22 inches. You can shrink them until they seem to disappear.
Because objects are attached to the cells beneath them, the size of objects automatically changes if you change the size of the rows or columns to which they are attached.
NUM1. Cut or copy an image to the Clipboard.
NUM2. Open a Wingz worksheet.
NUM3. Select a cell or range with the Worksheet Tool.
NUM4. Choose Paste from the Edit pull-down.
Any image that you can bring to the Clipboard can be used in Wingz, whether the image comes from a scanner, a clip art collection, or another application.
You can also import picture format images with the action: READ PICTURE string RANGE range.
Once the image is placed in Wingz, you can move and modify it like any other Wingz object.
To find existing graphic objects in a worksheet, choose Select from the Go pull-down and Graphics from the cascading pull-down.
You can assign a name to worksheet objects and imported pictures.
NUM1. Select the object with the Object Tool.
NUM2. Choose Object Info (where Object is a Line, Arc, Oval, Rectangle, Polygon, or Polyline), or Picture Info from the Format pull-down.
NUM3. Enter a name for the object in the pop-up window.
Wingz automatically assigns a reference number to every worksheet object. The name and reference number are useful when you work with scripts.
The Polygon Info and Polyline Info pop-window include options to smooth the object and specify the type of object: closed (polygon) or open (polyline).
To move an object within the window, select the object with the Object Tool then drag it to its destination.
To move an object to another area of the worksheet or to another worksheet, Copy or Cut the object and Paste it to its new location.
To move a chart, select the background area, not one of the inner areas (such as the legend area or plot area). Drag one of the square handles to resize the chart.
The Graph pull-down contains special actions for arranging objects in a worksheet.
NUM1. Select one or more objects with the Object Tool. Press the Ctrl key to select multiple objects.
NUM2. Choose an action from the Graph pull-down to arrange the object:
Choose Bring to Front to place a selected object on top of other objects in the same location.
Choose Send to Back to place a selected object underneath other objects in the same location.
Choose Group to combine several objects into one object. Any changes in size, location, or appearance affect all the objects together.
Choose Ungroup to separate grouped objects into individual objects. Any changes in size, location, or appearance affect the objects individually.
The Lock Object action is used to lock the currently selected objects to prevent any modifications. When an object is locked, it is displayed with grey handles and all of the pull-down items that normally can be used to change the object are greyed. A locked object can be copied, grouped, ungrouped, or unlocked. If the locked object is copied and pasted, the new object is not locked.
The Unlock Object action is used to unlock an object that was locked using the Lock Object action. When an object is unlocked, the handles become white and all of the options of the action can again be used.
You format graphic objects the same way that you format other items in Wingz:
Add color and pattern to objects.
Add color and pattern to lines.
Create borders around objects.
For more information, refer to the section
Formatting Data and Objects
for more information.
Combining worksheet data, enables you to manage your worksheets more efficiently. You can link worksheets together using external ("linked") references, sort information, and create databases. Wingz also provides frequency distribution, data tables, and matrix mathematics.
A cell or range on another open worksheet can be referenced by preceding the cell or range name with the worksheet name and a colon. This is known as an "external" or "linked" reference. An external reference to a worksheet whose name contains spaces must be enclosed in single quotes.
You can return the value of a single cell or use the range reference in a function. To refer to the cell, simply enter the reference worksheet name, a colon, and the worksheet cell reference or cell name. You can use a worksheet range, or a named range when using an external reference in a function that requires a range (e.g., SUM(Quarter1:A1..A10) or SUM(Quarter1:Sales)).
To reference a range from another sheet, enter the external reference of the top left cell of the reference sheet into the current worksheet. Select the external reference formula, in addition to the block desired in the current sheet, and use Copy Down and Copy Right from the Edit pull-down to copy the relative range.
Examples of external references are shown below. In the first example, the value in cell C20 in the worksheet named "Sydney" is returned. In the second example, the worksheet name contains a space. If the worksheet name or the range name contains a space, the entire range (including the worksheet name and the worksheet range) must be surrounded by single quotation marks.
Example:
Sydney:C20
SUM('Monthly Summaries:C8..I12')
An externally referenced worksheet must be open. If the worksheet is not open, an error is returned.
You can sort information in any range on your worksheet, including the records in the database. If you have not previously defined a sort range, perform these two steps:
NUM1. Select the range to be sorted.
NUM2. Choose Sort from the Sheet pull-down and Sort Now from the cascading pull-down.
Wingz sorts the selected range. Sort Now orders the rows in ascending order according to the values in the key columns, using the first column as the first key, the second column as the second key, and so on.
You can define a sort range that remains in effect until you define a new sort range. Once defined, the sort range gets sorted each time you choose Sort Now, regardless of which range is currently selected.
You can specify the key column(s) or row(s) and the order by which each key is sorted
either ascending or descending. You can sort a range based on up to 255 sorting keys.
NUM1. Select the range to be sorted.
NUM2. Choose Sort from the Sheet pull-down and Sort Range from the cascading pull-down.
NUM3. Select the column to be used as the first sort key.
NUM4. Choose Sort from the Sheet pull-down and Ascending Key or Descending Key from the cascading pull-down.
NUM5. For each additional sort key, select a column, then choose Sort from the Sheet pull-down and Add Ascending Key or Add Descending Key from the cascading pull-down.
NUM6. Choose Sort from the Sheet pull-down and Sort Now from the cascading pull-down.
You can specify key columns to sort rows of information, or key rows to sort columns of information. Select a key column by selecting two or more cells in the column or by selecting the entire column. To select a key row, however, you must click the row number and select the entire row.
Wingz database-management facilities allow you to locate, extract, or delete selected worksheet information.
The Database action is used to perform database operations on a specified range.
A worksheet database is a defined range where the rows represent database records and the columns represent fields within those records. The first row of the database range is reserved for field names and the rest of the range contains the data.
You can locate, extract, or delete records from your database based on specified criteria.
NUM1. Select a range of cells that includes the database field names and all the records you want to include in your database.
NUM2. Choose Database from the Sheet pull-down and Data Range from the cascading pull-down.
The first row of the database range must include only the database field names.
Wingz accepts only one defined database range at a time. Define a new database range if you want to work with a different database.
A database range can include blank rows or columns of cells. You can enter new field names or records into this portion of the database after you specify the range.
If you want to search the database to find rows of data that meet particular criteria, you can define a criteria range. A criteria range consists of a row containing the same field names as the database range to search. In the row(s) beneath the field names, the actual search criteria is specified.
NUM1. Select a new range of cells that includes the database field names and the selection criteria.
NUM2. Choose Criteria Range from the Database cascading pull-down in the Sheet pull-down.
The first row of the criteria range must include only database field names. You need not include the name of every field in the database, and the names can appear in any order you wish. Be sure to include the names of all the database fields from which you want to select information.
When a string or value is used as a criterion, all of the rows with matching field values are selected. The following characters may be used in the criterion range to match multiple records to the same criteria:
The question mark (?) can be used as a wild card to match any single character in the fields being searched. For example, "r?d" matches "red", "rid", and "rod", but not "reed".
The asterisk (*) can be used to match all of the characters in the database field being searched. For example, "ben*" matches "bent", "beneath", and "benefit", but not "beside".
When the tilde ( ~ ) is used at the beginning of the criterion string, Wingz is instructed to select any record EXCEPT those whose field values match the string following the tilde.
When a logical expression is used as a cell criterion, it must be entered with a reference to the cell in the first data record in the database range. When the formula is calculated, the logical expression is processed once for each record in the database. Wingz sequentially replaces the cell reference in the formula with the appropriate references for succeeding records as calculation proceeds.
If you enter more than one criterion in the same row of the criteria block, all must either match or return TRUE (1) in order for a row to be selected (implied AND). If you enter criteria in more than one row, one of the criteria must match or return TRUE (1) in order for the row to be selected (implied OR).
NUM1. Define the database range.
NUM2. Define the criteria range.
NUM3. Choose Database from the Sheet pull-down and Find from the cascading pull-down.
Find locates the records in the database that match the criteria you specify in the criteria range. When you choose Find, Wingz highlights all records that match the criteria.
NUM1. Define the database range.
NUM2. Define the criteria range.
NUM3. Select a range of cells to hold rows extracted from the database.
NUM4. Choose Database from the Sheet pull-down and Extract from the cascading pull-down.
When Extract is chosen, all of the records from the database range that match the specified criteria are copied and placed in the currently selected extract range. The first row of the extract range must contain the titles of the fields that are to be extracted from the database.
If the extract range contains only a single row of titles, all of the extracted records are placed immediately under the row. Otherwise, only those rows that can fit in the defined range are extracted.
NUM1. Define the database range.
NUM2. Define the criteria range.
NUM3. Choose Database from the Sheet pull-down and Delete from the cascading pull-down.
Choosing Delete causes all of the records from the database range that match the specified criteria to be removed. The records below the deleted records are moved up to fill the empty space.
NOTE: Undo cannot reverse a Delete action.
The Distribution action is used to create a frequency distribution of the values in a selected range.
A frequency distribution shows how many values in a specified range occur within the intervals defined in a specified bin range. When a distribution is calculated, a counter is kept for each interval defined in the bin range.
NUM1. Enter the test values in a worksheet range. These values will serve as the bin range.
NUM2. Select the range containing the values that you want to analyze.
NUM3. Choose Distribution from the Sheet pull-down and Values Range from the cascading pull-down.
NUM4. Select the bin range containing the test values.
NUM5. Choose Bin Range from the Distribution cascading pull-down.
NUM6. Choose Distribute from the Distribution cascading pull-down.
The values range is searched and a bin range counter is incremented by 1 each time a value is located that falls within the interval. When all of the value range numbers have been examined, the count for each interval is entered into the column immediately to the right of the bin range.
The first cell of the result column represents the number of occurrences of values that are less than or equal to the bin value in the adjacent cell. The rest of the values indicate the frequency of occurrences that are less than or equal to the adjacent bin value, but greater than the bin value in the previous row. The last value in the result column is in the row below the last bin value and represents the frequency of values that are greater than the highest bin value.
The Table action is used to record the effects of changing one or two values in one or more formulas.
Two types of table formats are available. In the first format, a single input cell is defined as an input cell value to be used with one or more formulas to build the table. The second format uses two input cell values in a single formula to calculate the table values.
You can create a table that calculates the value of one or more formulas, given different values for one variable in a cell on the worksheet.
NUM1. Select a range.
NUM2. Enter the formulas that you want to test in the first row of the range. Leave the first cell empty. Your formulas should reference the input cell directly, or another cell that indirectly references the input cell.
NUM3. Enter the values of the variable that you want to test in the first column of the range. Leave the first cell empty.
NUM4. Select the cell you referenced in the formulas.
NUM5. Choose Table from the Sheet pull-down and Input Cell 1 from the cascading pull-down.
NUM6. Select the range that contains your formulas and variable values.
NUM7. Choose Table Range from the Table cascading pull-down.
NUM8. Choose Recalc Table from the Table cascading pull-down.
In a single input data table, the top left cell in a table range is left blank. The remainder of the cells in the first column of the range are the variable cells. The cells in the top row of the range and to the right of the top left cell contain the formula cells. The Input Cell 1 reference is a cell outside of the table range. Input Cell 1 is a dependent cell of each of the formula cells.
When the table is calculated, each variable cell value is copied to the Input Cell 1 location and each formula in the first row of the range is calculated based on the Input Cell 1 value. The result of each calculation is recorded in the cell where the formula column intersects the variable row.
You can create a table that answers
what if
questions about two variables in a single formula.
NUM1. Select a range.
NUM2. Enter the formula that you want to test in the first cell of the range. Use any two cell references to represent the two variables that you want to test.
NUM3. Enter the values of the first variable that you want to test in the first column of the range, below the formula. Enter the values of the second variable that you want to test in the first row of the range, to the right of the formula.
NUM4. Select the cell that represents the first variable.
NUM5. Choose Table from the Sheet pull-down and Input Cell 1 from the cascading pull-down.
NUM6. Select the cell that represents the second variable.
NUM7. Choose Input Cell 2 from the Table cascading pull-down.
NUM8. Select the range that contains both sets of variables and your formula.
NUM9. Choose Table Range from the Table cascading pull-down.
NUM10. Choose Recalc Table from the Table cascading pull-down.
The second type of table that can be used is the two variable data table. In a two variable data table, the top left cell of the table range is the formula cell, the cells below the formula cell are the variable 1 cells, and the cells to the right of the formula are the variable 2 cells.
In addition to defining a table range, both an Input Cell 1 cell and an Input Cell 2 cell must be defined. The first input cell is where each variable 1 value is copied for table recalculation. The second input cell is where the variable 2 cell values are copied. Both of the input cells that are defined are dependent cells of the formula in the top left corner of the table range.
When the table is calculated, each value in the variable 1 column is copied to Input Cell 1, each value in the variable 2 row is copied to Input Cell 2, and the table formula is recalculated. The result of each formula is recorded in the table location where the variable 1 row intersects the variable 2 column.
The Matrix action is used to perform matrix calculations on specified ranges. Wingz recognizes a rectangular array of numbers as a matrix. The following sections provide specific information about working with matrix data.
NUM1. Select a square range containing data entries.
NUM2. Select an empty range that is the same size as the original matrix.
NUM3. Choose Matrix from the Sheet pull-down and Invert from the cascading pull-down.
This action inverts a selected range using the Gauss-Jordan method. Two ranges must be selected to use Invert. The first range contains the matrix that is to be inverted and the second range defines the destination for the inverted matrix.
The Invert action requires a square range. (A square range has the same number of rows as columns.) If the first selected range is not square, the largest possible square matrix in the selected range is used. If the matrix cannot be inverted, the message "Matrix is not singular" is returned.
NUM1. Select a range containing data entries.
NUM2. Choose Matrix from the Sheet pull-down and Transpose from the cascading pull-down.
When the Transpose action is chosen, the rows of the selected range are changed to columns and the columns are changed to rows. Data previously in the first row of the range is now in the first column of the new range.
Transpose works only if a single range is selected. Performing Transpose twice on the same range restores the range to its original layout. Range or cell references in cell formulas are not adjusted when a range is transposed.
NUM1. Select three ranges. Data entries should appear in the first two ranges.
NUM2. Choose Matrix from the Sheet pull-down and Multiply from the cascading pull-down.
The Multiply action multiplies two selected ranges together to produce a third range. Before executing this action, you must select three ranges. The number of rows in the second range must equal the number of columns in the first range. The third range must have the same number of rows as the first range and the same number of columns as the second range. If you specify a single cell for the third range, Wingz makes it the upper left cell of a resulting range of the required size.
NUM1. Select the range containing the matrix you want to analyze.
NUM2. Hold down the Ctrl key and select a cell to receive the results of the analysis.
NUM3. Choose Matrix from the Sheet pull-down and Determinant from the cascading pull-down.
The Determinant action calculates the determinant of a square matrix. Before executing this action, you must select a square matrix to analyze and an output range consisting of a single cell.
If the range you select is not square, the largest square subrange starting at the upper left corner of the range is analyzed. The output cell must not overlap the matrix to be analyzed.
The N-Solve action is used to solve a system of simultaneous linear equations. The Gauss-Jordan elimination method is used with full pivoting. Before executing this action, two ranges must be selected. The first range is the matrix to which the N-Solve operation is applied (augmented coefficient matrix). The results of the N-Solve are placed in the second range.
NUM1. Select a range of N rows and N+1 columns.
NUM2. Press the Ctrl key and select a second range of N cells.
NUM3. Choose Matrix from the Sheet pull-down and N-Solve from the cascading pull-down.
The first range must be an N:N+1 sized matrix (one more column than rows; for example, three rows by four columns) where the coefficients are located in the left N:N (square) matrix and the constants are located in the right column.
The second range is a row of minimum size N:1 (N rows and one column), or a column of minimum size 1:N (one row and N columns). However, if you select a range that is larger, the results are placed within the range starting in the upper left cell and continuing along the top row or the left column.
If a unique solution cannot be computed, an "Equations Not Independent" error message is generated.
You can perform a regression analysis with up to 14 independent variables.
NUM1. Enter the values of the dependent variable in a single worksheet column.
NUM2. Enter the values of each independent variable in successive columns to the right of the dependent variable column.
NUM3. Select the regression range containing these columns and their rows of data.
NUM4. Hold down the Ctrl key and select a second range one row in depth but the same number of columns wide as the regression range.
NUM5. Hold down the Ctrl key and select a single cell to mark the upper-left corner of the regression report range.
NUM6. Choose Matrix from the Sheet pull-down and Regress from the cascading pull-down.
The Regress action performs multiple linear regression analysis on a selected range.
Before executing this action, you must select two or three ranges. The first range contains the regression data and can have up to 14 independent variables. The first column of the range contains the dependent variables (y's) and the remaining columns are the various independent variables (x's). Up to 14 independent variables may be used. If the first row contains text, this text is used as labels for the variables and the first observation will be in the second row.
The regression coefficients are placed in the second range. If the second range is a single cell, this cell defines the upper left cell of the column of coefficients. The first cell is the constant and the remainder are the coefficients for the independent variables.
The third range selected is for an optional regression report. If a single cell or small range is selected for the report range, a range large enough for the regression report is automatically used. The results include the following:
Analysis of variance table (ANOVA)
Root of the mean square error (Root MSE)
Mean of the dependent variable
Coefficient of variation
r-square and adjusted r-square values
Mean (for each variable)
Parameter estimates (for each variable)
Standard error of the estimate (for each variable)
T value of zero for the test of the null hypothesis (for each variable)
You can execute a series of actions repeatedly and on demand, without the need for retyping. To do so, create a script file
a special file built from HyperScript Commands.
The WZScript and DG script files found on the Wingz program disk contain the HyperScript Commands used to create the pull-downs, pop-up windows, and other features found in the Wingz interface.
You can create a special type of script called Startup. When placed in the Wingz application folder, Startup executes automatically each time you launch Wingz. You can use a Startup script to create a custom environment that includes your own special pull-downs, pop-up windows, and custom functions.
You can use a script by attaching it to a worksheet, control, or pop-up window. You can also use a script by loading it into memory for access by pull-downs, worksheet formulas, or other scripts.
The Wingz script editor is a text editor used to create and edit script files. The script editor actions, summarized below, are located in the Script pull-down.
Use Open Script to open an existing script. It opens any standard text file, or a Wingz script file.
Use New Script to enter the script editor and display an empty script window.
Sheet Script appears on the Script pull-down when a worksheet range is selected. Use Sheet Script to access a script that has been attached to the worksheet.
Button Script appears on the Script pull-down when a pushbutton is selected. Use Button Script to access a script that has been attached to the pushbutton.
Field Script appears on the Script pull-down when a text field is selected. Use Field Script to access a script that has been attached to the text field.
Control Script appears on the Script pull-down when a control other than a pushbutton or text field is selected. Use Control Script to access a script that has been attached to the control.
Multiple scripts, like multiple worksheets, can be open at any time. Each script window can be independently resized and moved.
You can apply various formatting changes to each script. These include changing the font, size, style, and color of the text. Unlike text fields, however, script attributes are set for the entire script. In addition, formatting information is not saved.
A simple way to automate a task is to use the Learn action to create a script of operations you want to perform. Wingz records your operations as you perform them.
NUM1. Choose New Script from the Script pull-down.
NUM2. Select your Worksheet to make it the current window.
NUM3. Choose Learn from the Script pull-down to start recording.
NUM4. Perform the operations you want the script to perform.
NUM5. Choose Learn again to toggle the recording off.
When you choose New Script, a script window fills the screen. To perform your worksheet operations, you must make your worksheet the current window.
You can choose Arrange Windows from the Window pull-down to view both the worksheet and the script.
When you choose Learn, a check mark indicates that Wingz is recording. Wingz records everything you do until you choose Learn again. Use the Save action from the File pull-down to save the script.
You can edit a script that you created with the Learn action. Choose Open Script from the Script pull-down and use the standard editing actions to add, delete, or change HyperScript Commands in the file. You can also use Learn to place new commands in the script.
You can attach an existing script to a worksheet, pushbutton, control, or text field. You do this with the Attach Script action from the Script pull-down. You can also create a new script that is already attached. You do this with the Sheet Script, Button Script, Control Script or Field Script action. Only one script can be attached to each worksheet, pushbutton, control, or text field at one time. Attaching a new script replaces the existing script.
You can save a script as a Wingz script or as text. A Wingz script contains compiled and text information and can be opened only from Wingz. You can use other text programs to edit a script saved as text. Both types of scripts can be run by Wingz.
IMPORTANT: The Learn action records your operations in the current script
that is, the one you have used most recently. If you have more than one script open, you must specify in which script you want to record your operations before you choose Learn. Make the desired script your current window, then click the worksheet window and choose Learn.
You can create a script manually by typing the HyperScript Commands for the operations that you want the script to perform.
NUM1. Choose New Script from the Script pull-down.
NUM2. Enter the HyperScript Commands for the operations that you want to perform.
HyperScript commands are made up of keywords and arguments. The arguments may be numbers, text strings, cell or range references, screen coordinates, or mathematical or logical expressions. Arguments can fall between or after keywords, depending on the particular command. Not all actions include keywords.
When the arguments refer to named files, windows, or objects, you must type them exactly as they appear on the screen. Wingz matches uppercase and lowercase characters.
Wingz reads HyperScript Commands and arguments sequentially, ignoring carriage returns, spaces, tabs, and semicolons. You can use blank lines, tabs, and blank spaces to make the script more readable.
NOTE: You can type the actions on separate lines or on a single line. If you type the actions on a single line, you must use either spaces or semicolons to separate them.
To include a comment in a script, surround the comment text with braces (curly brackets). Comments can be placed anywhere in a script, and they can be nested.
Double-click on a brace to highlight all information between that set of braces. This highlighting feature also works for parentheses and brackets, making it easy to identify levels of nested parentheses and brackets.
When you use the New Script action, the Wingz script window is displayed in a window titled "Script". Subsequent scripts are titled
Script#
(where # indicates the script
s chronological place among open scripts).
You can name a new script with the Save As action. A pop-up window prompts you for a worksheet name and type.
You can open as many new scripts as your memory allows, but you can attach only one script to each worksheet, pushbutton, control, or text field.
You can print a script just as you would any other file.
NUM1. Open the script.
NUM2. Choose Print from the File pull-down.
NUM3. Specify the desired page setup in the pop-up window and click OK.
NUM4. Specify the pages to print in the pop-up window and click OK.
To determine options such as paper orientation, click on the Options pushbutton in the Page Setup pop-up window from the File pull-down .
Scripts are automatically printed with a header. The left side of the header lists the date and time of the printing, the right side lists the page number, and centered on the heading is the name of the script file.
When you save a script, two format options are available: Text and Script.
To name a script and save it, choose Save As from the File pull-down, type a name in the pop-up window that appears, and click Save.
To save changes as you work, choose Save from the File pull-down.
To save a script as a text file, choose Save As from the File pull-down, choose Text from the File Type list box, and click Save.
Choosing Text saves the script into a standard text file. You might save a script in this format so you can perform further editing with an editor other than the Wingz script editor. Choosing Script saves the script into the Wingz script format. This format includes both a text version of the script and a compiled version. If changes are made to the script (through editing for example) the script is automatically recompiled before it is saved.
When closing a script that has been modified, you are prompted to save it.
A script name can contain up to 8 continuous alphanumeric characters using the File Application Table (FAT). Using the High Performance File System (HPFS), a script name can contain up to 254 characters. OS/2 Presentation Manager accepts spaces and punctuation marks. However, the same is not true for Windows.
NUM1. Choose Open Script from the Script pull-down.
NUM2. Double-click in the pop-up window the name of the script that you want to open.
You can also select the script name and click Open.
If the script you want to open has been saved as text, click All Documents to display the name of the script and select it in the pop-up window.
You can open a script attached to a worksheet, pushbutton, control, or text field by selecting the object and then choosing Sheet Script, Button Script, Control Script, or Field Script from the Script pull-down.
When you open a script, it appears in a window on the screen. You can edit the script file manually or choose an insertion point and choose Learn from the Script pull-down to record operations automatically. You can use actions from the Edit pull-down to edit in this window.
You can open as many scripts as your memory allows, but you can attach only one script to each worksheet, pushbutton, control, or text field.
You can compile a text script to check for syntax errors or to avoid the need to compile the script each time you run it.
NUM1. Open the script you want to compile.
NUM2. Choose Compile from the Script pull-down.
When you compile a script, Wingz checks it for syntax errors and informs you of any errors it finds.
Wingz automatically compiles a script when you save it, unless you save it as a text file. Wingz compiles a text script when you run the script.
You can attach an existing script to a worksheet or control. The actions contained within the script are executed upon the occurrence of a predefined event, such as a mouse click.
NUM1. Select the worksheet or control.
NUM2. Choose Attach Script from the Script pull-down.
NUM3. Select the script in the pop-up window.
NUM4. Click the Attach pushbutton.
The original script remains unaltered, and a copy is attached to the worksheet or control.
You can also create a new script that is automatically attached to a worksheet or control.
NUM1. Select a worksheet cell, a text field, or a control.
NUM2. Choose Sheet Script, Button Script, Control Script, or Field Script from the Script pull-down.
NUM3. Enter HyperScript Commands.
NUM4. Choose Save and Close from the File pull-down.
You need not name the script before saving it
a name is automatically assigned, based on the item to which the script is attached. Only one script can be attached to each worksheet, pushbutton, control, or text field at one time.
You can load a script into memory and make it available for later use.
NUM1. Choose Get Script from the Script pull-down.
NUM2. Select the script from the pop-up window.
NUM3. Click the Get pushbutton.
A memory-resident script may contain variables or functions that can be accessed from other scripts or from a worksheet.
Once a script file has been loaded, it must be removed using the Remove Script action before the script can be opened for editing.
Before you can edit a script that has been loaded into memory using the Get Script action, you must unload the script by using the Remove Script action in the Script pull-down.
When you choose this action, a cascading pull-down of currently loaded script files is displayed. You can then choose the name of the file that you want to remove from memory.
To run a script, choose Run Script from the Script pull-down, select the script in the pop-up window that appears, and click Run.
To run the script in the most recent Script window, choose Run from the Script pull-down.
If you run a script, the script is executed immediately. Note that this differs from the Get Script action, which loads a script into memory but does not run the script.
The name of the current script window is listed first in the Window pull-down. You can make a script window the current script window by clicking in it or choosing it from the list displayed in the Window pull-down.
HyperScript is the control language of Wingz. Using HyperScript, "scripts" containing command statements, functions, programming constructs, and event handlers can be used to create or modify worksheets, menus, and dialog boxes.
A "script" is defined as a set of instructions that is created to perform one or more tasks automatically.
HyperScript can be used as a tool for automating standard spreadsheet tasks. Even if you are a novice to computers, with no knowledge of programming, by selecting the Learn action in the Script pull-down on the Wingz Action Bar, you can easily record a series of worksheet activities in a script file. The script can then be used at a later time, if desired, to repeat the same series of tasks.
Hyperscript also allows you to control the user interface of Wingz. In addition to setting your own system defaults via HyperScript, you can also create your own pull-downs and pop-up windows.
And, in the event that you need a function that is not among the extensive library of built-in Wingz functions, you can use HyperScript to define your own function(s). Once a custom function has been saved in a script and the script has been loaded using the Get Script action from the Script pull-down, it can be used like any standard Wingz function, both in worksheet cells or in script files.
HyperScript is a unique language. When entering HyperScript commands, use Wingz terminology. The following translation terminology table provides a cross-reference of PM/Windows terminology and Wingz HyperScript terminology.
2EQ PM/Windows Wingz HyperScript
Pull-down Menu
Cascading Pull-down Submenu
Action Option
Spin Button Number Wheel
Pop-up Window Dialog Box
Slider Box Scroll Box
Commands are composed of actions and arguments which are used in combination to invoke the execution of one or more activities. The selections appearing in each of the pull-downs (e.g., Open, Save, Cut, Paste, Select) are actions. Actions (e.g., Manual Recalc, Report Header, Currency) also appear on the cascading pull-downs invoked when an action is selected. Arguments are the choices you supply, (e.g., worksheet names to open, object numbers to select).
In addition to keywords, many command formats contain arguments that require you to supply specific information before the command can be executed. Number, string, range, and coordinate arguments are used in HyperScript command statements.
An argument may be one or more number(s), text string(s), range(s), or coordinate(s). When multiple arguments are used, the argument items must be separated by commas (i.e., SELECT OBJECT 1,2,3 ). If you have used the ARGUMENT SEPARATOR command, the comma separator must be replaced by the character you have supplied in the ARGUMENT SEPARATOR command.
A numeric argument consists of a number, an arithmetic expression, or a functional expression which yields a number.
A string argument is one or more alphabetic, numeric, or "special" characters. When you supply a number argument to an action that expects a string argument, Wingz converts the number to the textual representation of the number. Literal strings must be surrounded by quotation marks. The command FIND TEXT string contains a string argument.
There may be instances when you need to "nest" quotation marks in strings. A literal string argument always begins and ends with double quotation marks ("). Any quotations occurring within the literal string must be prefaced by double quotation marks. So, if there is yet another string argument specified within the internal quotation, ultimately three sets of double quotation marks must surround the string argument.
Any reference to a specified area within a worksheet is a range. A range may consist of a single cell or a group of cells. If a range consists of multiple cells, the first cell is specified, followed by two periods and concluding with the ending cell reference (e.g., A1..A10). The reference style may be alphabetic columns and numeric rows, (e.g., A1), or row and column numbers, (e.g., r1c1).
A coordinate denotes a specific location on the screen, and consists of an X and Y component enclosed in parentheses and separated by a comma. The X component defines the horizontal location and the Y component defines the vertical location. Coordinates must be accompanied by a measurement operator (e.g., inches, points, decipoints, or millimeters). If no measurement operator is specified, the measurement defaults to twips. One twip is equal to 1/1440th of an inch.
You can type HyperScript Commands directly into the Entry Bar for immediate execution. This procedure is referred to as direct command entry. After typing the command into the Entry Bar, press Ctrl-Enter to execute the command or actions.
Since Wingz automatically recognizes a complete command format (for example, TEXT SIZE 12), you can enter multiple actions on a single line. You can use spaces or semicolons to separate individual actions.
Example:
SELECT RANGE A1..E5; PUT "text" INTO A1..E5; TEXT STYLE "B"; ALIGN CENTER; UNSELECT
Wingz provides several control structures for situations where the sequence of script actions does not flow sequentially. They include decision making structures (e.g., IF and CASE) and looping structures (e.g., FOR and WHILE).
By using conditional actions in a script, decision-making constructs can be established that determine whether or not a section of a script is executed. In a conditional command, the flow of execution depends on whether the conditional expression is true or false. Two conditional actions are available in HyperScript: IF and CASE.
The IF statement is used to make decisions based on whether or not the conditional expression immediately following the IF or ELSEIF statement is true (non-zero).
The IF Structure
IF <exp>
commands
ELSEIF <exp> (optional)
commands
ELSE (optional)
commands
END IF
There may be times when a choice must be made from multiple sets of possible options. In these instances, the CASE command can be a very useful decision-making tool. There are two types of CASE constructs available in HyperScript: the "matching" CASE and the "boolean" CASE.
The matching CASE tests whether or not an expression matches a controlling expression, and then acts accordingly. When a match is found, the actions following the match are executed. When no match is found, and if an OTHERWISE statement is included, the actions following the OTHERWISE are executed.
The boolean CASE searches for the first true (non-zero) expression. When a true expression is found, the actions following the true expression are executed. When no true expression is found, and if there is an OTHERWISE option, the actions following the OTHERWISE statement are executed.
The Case Structure
2EQ Matching Case: Boolean Case:
CASE <exp> CASE
WHEN <exp> WHEN <boolean exp>
commands commands
EXIT CASE (optional) EXIT CASE (optional)
commands commands
WHEN <exp> WHEN <boolean exp>
commands commands
OTHERWISE OTHERWISE
commands commands
END CASE END CASE
When using less than (<) conditions in a CASE or IF..ELSEIF command, you must test the least possible value before testing the greater conditional values. If a greater than (>) condition is used, test the highest conditional value first.
HyperScript's FOR loop command and WHILE loop command can be used to repeat the execution of a group of script actions. Each of the loop actions can control how many times the series of actions is executed.
The FOR loop can be used in a script when you know how many times you want the actions in the loop to be executed.
The FOR Structure
FOR <var> = <exp> TO <exp> STEP <exp>
commands
CONTINUE FOR (optional)
commands
EXIT FOR (optional)
commands
END FOR
The WHILE loop is used when you want to continue to execute a series of actions until the results of a conditional expression are false (zero).
The WHILE Structure
WHILE <exp>
commands
CONTINUE WHILE (optional)
commands
EXIT WHILE (optional)
commands
END WHILE
The "event" is a key HyperScript concept. Events are the mechanisms through which scripts are informed about actions and environment status. When using a script that contains an event, you can control the script's behavior by clicking the mouse, or by opening, closing, repainting, or recalculating a worksheet.
Eleven types of events, grouped into five different categories, can be monitored and responded to by scripts. For an event to be monitored, an "event handler" must be entered into a script, and then the script containing the event handler must be attached to the corresponding sheet, pushbutton, field, or control. The "event handler" can also be entered directly into a sheet, pushbutton, field, or control script.
An event handler in a script begins with the word ON, followed by the name of the event that you want the script to respond to. The body of the event handler contains the actions that are to be executed when the event is triggered. To exit the event handler early, use the word EXIT followed by the event name. The end of an event handler is marked by the word END, followed by the event name.
All event handlers share the following syntax:
ON event
commands
EXIT event
commands
END event
The events that can be monitored by a script differ, depending upon what the script is attached to.
2EQ Control Scripts: Dialog Scripts:
mousedown mousedown
mousedoubleclick mousedoubleclick
mousestilldown mousestilldown
mousemove mousemove
mouseup mouseup
repaint repaint
idle
2EQ Sheet Scripts: All Scripts:
activate error
deactivate
idle
recalc
Any function from the extensive library of Wingz built-in functions can be used in a script. Additionally, custom functions can be defined and used in scripts to perform specific, unique operations.
A function can be called from a script in which it is defined, from another open script, or from a formula in an active worksheet cell, provided the function script has been placed into memory.
Functions created in HyperScript can be referenced by an assigned name. These names can be defined in the script that uses them. When defined in this manner, the function can be referenced simply by using its name and supplying the appropriate arguments.
However, HyperScript allows you to define a function in one script and then use that function in an entirely different script or from a worksheet formula. To reference a function defined in another script, the script containing the function definition must be active in Wingz memory. You must specify the name of the script in which the function is defined, the name of the function, and supply the appropriate argument list.
Example:
CALL Scriptname:FunctionName (<exp1>, <exp2>...)
When you use the Wingz pull-downs, you are using HyperScript. For every action you choose from any of the nine Wingz pull-downs, there is a HyperScript command that is being used to implement the pull-down action.
The next series of Help topics are HyperScript Commands grouped by pull-down. The actions are listed under each pull-down heading in the same order as the pull-down actions used to implement them.
NEW WORKSHEET string
NEW WORKSHEET string LOCATION (X,Y) (X,Y)
OPEN string
OPEN DIALOG
CLOSE
CLOSE NOW
SAVE
SAVE DIALOG
SAVE AS string
SAVE DIF string
SAVE SYLK string
SAVE 123-1A string
SAVE 123-2.0 string
SAVE TEXT string
REVERT TO SAVED
RENAME SHEET TO string
PAGE SETUP
PAGE PREVIEW
PRINT DIALOG
PRINT NOW
APPEND string
READ PICTURE string RANGE range
QUIT
QUIT NOW
UNDO
CUT
COPY
PASTE
CLEAR
SELECT ALL
SHOW CLIPBOARD (Not available on PM/Windows)
INSERT
DELETE
COPY RIGHT
COPY DOWN
PASTE VALUES
PASTE FORMAT
PASTE ADD
PASTE SUBTRACT
PASTE MULTIPLY
PASTE DIVIDE
REMOVE FORMAT
REMOVE FORMULA
REMOVE DATA
RECALC
RECALC RANGE range
MANUAL RECALC
AUTOMATIC RECALC
NATURAL RECALC
ROW RECALC
COLUMN RECALC
ITERATE UNTIL range CHANGES LESS THAN number1 MAX number2 TIMES
ITERATE number TIMES
BACKGROUND CALC STEP number
FIND FORMULA TEXT string
FIND TEXT string
FIND VALUE number
FIND CRITERIA expression
GO TO WINDOW string
GO TO CELL range
GO TO OBJECT number
GO TO OBJECT string
NAME RANGE string1 AS string2
CREATE NAMES TOP ROW
CREATE NAMES LEFT COLUMN
REMOVE NAME string
CHANGE NAME string1 TO string2
UNSELECT
SELECT ALL
SELECT RANGE range
SELECT MORE RANGE range
SELECT HEADING
SELECT TITLE
SELECT OBJECT number(s)
SELECT CHART number(s) TITLE
SELECT CHART number(s) FOOTNOTE
SELECT CHART number(s) LEGEND
SELECT CHART number(s) SERIES number(s)
SELECT CHART number(s) ALL SERIES
SELECT CHART number(s) PLOT
SELECT CHART number(s) AXIS number(s)
SELECT CHART number(s) ALL AXES
SELECT CHART number(s) AXIS number(s) TITLE
SELECT CHART number(s) BACKGROUND
SELECT CHART number(s) SERIES DATA LABELS
SELECT MORE OBJECT number(s)
SELECT MORE CHART number(s) TITLE
SELECT MORE CHART number(s) FOOTNOTE
SELECT MORE CHART number(s) LEGEND
SELECT MORE CHART number(s) SERIES number(s)
SELECT MORE CHART number(s) ALL SERIES
SELECT MORE CHART number(s) PLOT
SELECT MORE CHART number(s) AXIS number(s)
SELECT MORE CHART number(s) ALL AXES
SELECT MORE CHART number(s) AXIS number(s) TITLE
SELECT MORE CHART number(s) BACKGROUND
SELECT MORE CHART number(s) SERIES DATA LABELS
SELECT CURRENT CELL
SELECT DIRECT DEPENDENTS
SELECT DIRECT PRECEDENTS
SELECT ERROR CELLS
SELECT FORMULA CELLS
SELECT LOCKED CELLS
SELECT REFERENCES TO BLANKS
SELECT TEXT CELLS
SELECT UNREFERENCED CELLS
SELECT VALUE CELLS
SELECT LAST CELL
SELECT ACTIVE CELLS
SELECT ALL PRECEDENTS
SELECT ALL DEPENDENTS
SELECT BLANK CELLS
SELECT CRITERIA expression
SELECT REPORT BORDER
SELECT REPORT HEADER
SELECT REPORT FOOTER
SELECT MORE CURRENT CELL
SELECT MORE DIRECT DEPENDENTS
SELECT MORE DIRECT PRECEDENTS
SELECT MORE ERROR CELLS
SELECT MORE FORMULA CELLS
SELECT MORE LOCKED CELLS
SELECT MORE REFERENCES TO BLANKS
SELECT MORE TEXT CELLS
SELECT MORE UNREFERENCED CELLS
SELECT MORE VALUE CELLS
SELECT MORE ACTIVE CELLS
SELECT MORE ALL PRECEDENTS
SELECT MORE ALL DEPENDENTS
SELECT MORE BLANK CELLS
SELECT MORE CRITERIA expression
SELECT MORE REPORT BORDER
SELECT MORE REPORT HEADER
SELECT MORE REPORT FOOTER
SELECT NOTES
SELECT FIELDS
SELECT CONTROLS
SELECT GRAPHICS
SELECT MORE NOTES
SELECT MORE FIELDS
SELECT MORE CONTROLS
SELECT MORE GRAPHICS
FORMAT FIXED
FORMAT CURRENCY
FORMAT PERCENT
FORMAT SCIENTIFIC
FORMAT GENERAL
FORMAT DATE number
FORMAT TIME number
FORMAT CUSTOM string
REMOVE CUSTOM FORMAT string
HIDE ZEROES
SHOW ZEROES
USE COMMAS
NO COMMAS
USE PARENTHESIS
NO PARENTHESIS
HIDE CELLS
SHOW CELLS
NEGATIVE TEXT COLOR number
CELL BORDER string
PRECISION number
TEXT FONT string
TEXT SIZE number
TEXT STYLE string
TEXT COLOR number
ALIGN GENERAL
ALIGN LEFT
ALIGN CENTER
ALIGN RIGHT
FILL FG number
FILL BG number
FILL PATTERN number
AUTO SAVE ON
AUTO SAVE OFF
AUTO SAVE SHEET NAME string
AUTO SAVE SHEET EVERY number
POLYGON
POLYLINE
POLY SMOOTHING ON
POLY SMOOTHING OFF
LINE FG number
LINE BG number
LINE PATTERN number
LINE WIDTH number
NO ARROW
BACK ARROW
SINGLE ARROW
DOUBLE ARROW
ARROW LENGTH number
NO LINE BORDER
SINGLE LINE BORDER
DOUBLE LINE BORDER
THICK INNER LINE BORDER
THICK OUTER LINE BORDER
BUTTON BORDER
OUTLINE 1 BORDER (Not available at this time.)
OUTLINE 2 BORDER (Not available at this time.)
2D DROP SHADOW
3D DROP SHADOW
NO DROP SHADOW
BORDER X OFFSET number
BORDER Y OFFSET number
BORDER OFFSET number
SQUARE CORNERS
ROUND CORNERS
SHADOW FG number
SHADOW BG number
SHADOW PATTERN number
SHADOW STRENGTH number
REPORT PRINT RANGE
ADD PAGE BREAK
REMOVE PAGE BREAK
REMOVE ALL PAGE BREAKS
REPORT HEADER LEFT
REPORT HEADER CENTER
REPORT HEADER RIGHT
HIDE REPORT HEADER
REPORT HEADER RANGE
REPORT FOOTER LEFT
REPORT FOOTER CENTER
REPORT FOOTER RIGHT
HIDE REPORT FOOTER
REPORT FOOTER RANGE
PROTECT CELLS
UNPROTECT CELLS
ENABLE PROTECTION
DISABLE PROTECTION
PASSWORD 1 string
PASSWORD 2 string
PASSWORD 2 string READ ONLY
ENCRYPTION ON
ENCRYPTION OFF
FILL
SORT NOW
SORT RANGE
ASCENDING KEY
DESCENDING KEY
ADD ASCENDING KEY
ADD DESCENDING KEY
RECALC TABLE
TABLE RANGE
INPUT CELL 1
INPUT CELL 2
DISTRIBUTE
VALUES RANGE
BIN RANGE
DATA FIND
DATA EXTRACT
DATA DELETE
DATA RANGE
CRITERIA RANGE
TRANSPOSE
INVERT
REGRESS
N-SOLVE
DETERMINANT
MULTIPLY
BAR
LINE
LAYER
STEP
COMBINATION
3D BAR
3D LINE
3D LAYER
3D STEP
3D COMBINATION
HORIZONTAL BAR
PIE
3D PIE
HILO
XY
SCATTER
POLAR
CONTOUR
SURFACE
WIREFRAME
TITLE LEFT
TITLE CENTER
TITLE RIGHT
HIDE TITLE
TITLE RANGE
FOOTNOTE LEFT
FOOTNOTE RIGHT
FOOTNOTE CENTER
HIDE FOOTNOTE
FOOTNOTE RANGE
LEGEND LEFT
LEGEND RIGHT
LEGEND BOTTOM
LEGEND TOP
HIDE LEGEND
AXIS LINEAR SCALE
AXIS LOG SCALE
AXIS PERCENT SCALE
AXIS LOG BASE number
AUTOMATIC SCALING
MANUAL SCALING FROM number1 TO number2 WITH number3 MAJOR AND number4 MINOR DIVISIONS
HIDE AXIS
SHOW AXIS
SHOW AXIS LINE
HIDE AXIS HASH
AXIS HASH INTERIOR
AXIS HASH EXTERIOR
AXIS HASH CENTERED
AXIS HASH LENGTH number
AXIS MAJOR GRID WIDTH number
AXIS MAJOR GRID FG number
AXIS MAJOR GRID BG number
AXIS MAJOR GRID PATTERN number
AXIS MINOR GRID WIDTH number
AXIS MINOR GRID FG number
AXIS MINOR GRID BG number
AXIS MINOR GRID PATTERN number
AXIS TITLE RANGE
HIDE AXIS TITLE
SHOW AXIS TITLE
HORIZONTAL AXIS TITLE
VERTICAL AXIS TITLE
SERIES DATA RANGE
SHOW SERIES
HIDE SERIES
SERIES SMOOTHING ON
SERIES SMOOTHING OFF
SERIES AXIS 1
SERIES AXIS 2
HIDE SERIES LABEL
SERIES LABEL BASE
SERIES LABEL CENTERED
SERIES LABEL EXTERIOR
SERIES LABEL TEXT
SERIES LABEL VALUE
SERIES LABEL PERCENT
SYMBOL TYPE number
SYMBOL WIDTH number
SYMBOL COLOR number
SYMBOL SIZE number
SERIES WIDTH number
SERIES TYPE BAR
SERIES TYPE LINE
SERIES TYPE LAYER
SERIES TYPE STEP
HIDE SERIES LEGEND
SERIES COLUMN number
STACK SERIES
UNSTACK SERIES
ADD SERIES
REMOVE SERIES
SHOW ALL SERIES
SERIES PIE OFFSET number percent
PIE WEIGHTING OFF
PIE WEIGHTING SUM
PIE WEIGHT RANGE
PIE STARTING ANGLE number
PIE SORTING OFF
PIE SORTING ASCENDING
PIE SORTING DESCENDING
ROTATION number
ELEVATION number
ROTATE number
ELEVATE number
VANISHING X number
VANISHING Y number
DISTANCE number
BASE LINE WIDTH number
BASE LINE FG number
BASE LINE BG number
BASE LINE PATTERN number
BASE TOP FG number
BASE TOP BG number
BASE TOP PATTERN number
BASE SIDE FG number
BASE SIDE BG number
BASE SIDE PATTERN number
BASE CONTOUR BANDS ON
BASE CONTOUR BANDS OFF
BASE CONTOUR LINES ON
BASE CONTOUR LINES OFF
SURFACE LINE WIDTH number
SURFACE LINE FG number
SURFACE LINE BG number
SURFACE LINE PATTERN number
SURFACE CONTOUR BANDS ON
SURFACE CONTOUR BANDS OFF
SURFACE CONTOUR LINES ON
SURFACE CONTOUR LINES OFF
SURFACE CLIPPING ON
SURFACE CLIPPING OFF
SURFACE AXES ON
SURFACE AXES OFF
SURFACE PEDESTAL ON
SURFACE PEDESTAL OFF
SURFACE SMOOTHING number
MANUAL BASE PLACEMENT OFF
MANUAL BASE PLACEMENT number PERCENT
3D CHART SHADOW BG number
3D CHART SHADOW FG number
3D CHART SHADOW PATTERN number
3D CHART SHADOW STRENGTH number
3D DEPTH HEIGHT number
3D WIDTH HEIGHT number
AUTOMATIC LAYOUT
MANUAL LAYOUT
AUTOMATIC STACKING
STACK CHART
UNSTACK CHART
NO CHART PARSING
AUTOMATIC CHART PARSING
HORIZONTAL CHART PARSING
VERTICAL CHART PARSING
CHART RANGE
SERIES LABEL RANGE
DIVISION LABEL RANGE
PLOT INTERIOR FG number
PLOT INTERIOR BG number
PLOT INTERIOR PATTERN number
PLOT INTERIOR LINE WIDTH number
PLOT INTERIOR LINE FG number
PLOT INTERIOR LINE BG number
PLOT INTERIOR LINE PATTERN number
ADD CHART RANGE range1 USING range2
ADD ARC RANGE range QUADRANT number
ARC ANGLE number1 FOR number2
ADD LINE RANGE range1 TO range2
ADD OVAL RANGE range
ADD POLYGON ranges
ADD POLYLINE ranges
ADD RECT RANGE range
BRING TO FRONT
SEND TO BACK
GROUP
UNGROUP
LOCK OBJECT
UNLOCK OBJECT
OBJECT NUMBER number
OBJECT NAME string
OBJECT SIZE range
OBJECT LOCATION range
NEW WINDOW
NEW WINDOW LOCATION (X,Y) (X,Y)
ARRANGE WINDOWS
TITLES
WINDOW SCALE number
WINDOW LOCATION (X,Y)
WINDOW SIZE (X,Y)
ZOOM WINDOW (Not available on PM/Windows)
UNZOOM WINDOW (Not available on PM/Windows)
COLUMN NUMBERS
COLUMN LETTERS
DESKTOP (X,Y) (X,Y)
TOOL SHEET
TOOL OBJECT EDITOR
TOOL BUTTON
TOOL FIELD
TOOL CHART
TOOL LINE
TOOL ARC
TOOL OVAL
TOOL RECT
TOOL POLY
COLUMN WIDTH number
ROW HEIGHT number
COLUMN WIDTH RANGE range TO number
ROW HEIGHT RANGE range TO number
COLUMN HEADING HEIGHT number
ROW HEADING WIDTH number
SHOW SHEET
HIDE SHEET
SHOW TITLES
HIDE TITLES
SHOW HEADINGS
HIDE HEADINGS
SHOW NOTES
HIDE NOTES
SHOW FIELDS
HIDE FIELDS
SHOW CONTROLS
HIDE CONTROLS
SHOW GRAPHICS
HIDE GRAPHICS
SHOW TOOL BOX
HIDE TOOL BOX
SHOW ENTRY BAR
HIDE ENTRY BAR
SHOW CELL GRID
HIDE CELL GRID
SHOW TITLE GRID
HIDE TITLE GRID
SHOW HEADING GRID
HIDE HEADING GRID
SHOW FORMULA TEXT
HIDE FORMULA TEXT
HELP string
SHOW HELP COMMAND string
SHOW HELP ITEM number IN "string"
You can customize Wingz to fit your needs through the use of custom menus, dialog boxes, controls, and the DRAW commands. Custom menus (custom pull-downs) allow you the flexibility of adding menus (pull-downs) and submenus (cascading pull-downs) to the Wingz Menu Bar (Wingz Action Bar). Additionally, you can create your own menu bars. Controls on the worksheet and in dialog boxes (pop-up windows) can be used to display information, query general information, and query specific information within defined limits. 2D and 3D graphic images can be created with the DRAW commands.
ADD MENUBAR string
ADD MENUBAR string WITH number MENUS
SELECT MENUBAR string
REMOVE MENUBAR
RENAME MENUBAR TO string
SHOW MENUBAR string
ADD MENU string
ADD MENU string WITH number ITEMS
ADD WINDOW MENU string
ADD WINDOW MENU string WITH number ITEMS
SELECT MENU string
REMOVE MENU
RENAME MENU TO string
ADD MENUITEM string
ADD MENUITEM string WITH number ITEMS
ADD MENUITEM string1 COMMAND string2
ADD MENUITEM string1 TYPE number KEY string2 COMMAND string3
ADD MENUITEM string1 SUBMENU string2
ADD MENU SEPARATOR
SELECT MENUITEM string
REMOVE MENUITEM
RENAME MENUITEM TO string
DISABLE MENUITEM
ENABLE MENUITEM
CHECK MENUITEM
UNCHECK MENUITEM
MENUITEM TEXT STYLE string
ADD SUBMENU string
ADD SUBMENU string WITH number ITEMS
ADD SUBMENU string1 COMMAND string2
ADD SUBMENU string COMMAND string2 WITH number ITEMS
ADD FONT SUBMENU string1 COMMAND string2
ADD NAME SUBMENU string1 COMMAND string2
ADD REMOVE-SCRIPT SUBMENU string1 COMMAND string2
HIDE CONTROL
SHOW CONTROL
DISABLE CONTROL
ENABLE CONTROL
GREY CONTROL
UNGREY CONTROL
HIDE CONTROL NAME
SHOW CONTROL NAME string
HIDE CONTROL TITLE
SHOW CONTROL TITLE string
CONTROL NAME string
SELECT CONTROL number(s)
CONTROL ITEMS string(s)
RENAME CONTROL ITEM string1 TO string2
SELECT CONTROL ITEM string(s)
UNSELECT CONTROL ITEM string(s)
ADD CONTROL ITEMS string(s)
CONTROL TITLE TEXT FONT string
CONTROL TITLE TEXT SIZE number
CONTROL TITLE TEXT STYLE string
CONTROL TITLE TEXT COLOR number
CONTROL TITLE FILL FG number
CONTROL TITLE FILL BG number
CONTROL TITLE PATTERN number
CONTROL SORTING ON
CONTROL SORTING OFF
ACCEPT CARRIAGE RETURNS
DO NOT ACCEPT CARRIAGE RETURNS
ADD CHECK BOX string(s) AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
ADD CHECK BOX string(s) RANGE range
CHECK BOX ITEMS string(s)
ADD CHECK BOX ITEMS string(s)
CHECK BOX number
UNCHECK BOX number
THREE STATE CHECK BOX string(s)
ADD COLOR PICKER AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
ADD COLOR PICKER RANGE range
COLOR PICKER number
ADD CUSTOM BUTTON AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
ADD CUSTOM BUTTON RANGE range
ADD
PICKER number(s) AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
ADD LINE PICKER number(s) RANGE range
LINE PICKER number
LINE PICKER FG number
LINE PICKER BG number
LINE PICKER PATTERN number
ADD LIST BOX string(s) AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
ADD LIST BOX string(s) RANGE range
LIST BOX ITEMS string(s)
ADD LIST BOX ITEMS string(s)
CURRENT LIST BOX ITEM number
LIST BOX NAME ITEMS
LIST BOX CUSTOM FORMATS
SHOW SCROLL BAR LIST BOX
HIDE SCROLL BAR LIST BOX
SINGLE SELECTION LIST BOX
MULTIPLE SELECTION LIST BOX
TOP LIST BOX ITEM string
ADD NUMBER WHEEL AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
ADD NUMBER WHEEL RANGE range
NUMBER WHEEL RANGE number TO number
NUMBER WHEEL STEP number
NUMBER WHEEL POSITION number
NUMBER WHEEL PRECISION number
ADD PATTERN PICKER AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
ADD PATTERN PICKER RANGE range
PATTERN PICKER number
PATTERN PICKER FG number
PATTERN PICKER BG number
ADD POPUP MENU string(s) AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
ADD POPUP MENU string(s) RANGE range
POPUP MENU ITEMS string(s)
ADD POPUP MENU ITEMS string(s)
CURRENT POPUP MENU ITEM number
ADD PUSH BUTTON string(s) AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
ADD PUSH BUTTON string(s) RANGE range
INVISIBLE BUTTON
VISIBLE BUTTON
ADD RADIO BUTTON string(s) AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
ADD RADIO BUTTON string(s) RANGE range
RADIO BUTTON ITEMS string(s)
ADD RADIO BUTTON ITEMS string(s)
RADIO BUTTON number
ADD SCROLL BAR AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
ADD SCROLL BAR RANGE range
SCROLL BAR RANGE number TO number
SCROLL BAR STEP number
SCROLL BAR PAGE number
SCROLL BAR POSITION number
SCROLL BOX FIXED SIZE
SCROLL BOX RELATIVE SIZE
ALL SCROLL BOXES FIXED SIZE
ALL SCROLL BOXES RELATIVE SIZE
USE DEFAULT SCROLL BOX SIZE
ADD SLIDE BAR AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
ADD SLIDE BAR RANGE range
SLIDE BAR RANGE number TO number
SLIDE BAR POSITION number
SLIDE BAR MAJOR DIVISIONS number
SLIDE BAR MINOR DIVISIONS number
SLIDE BAR PRECISION number
ADD SYMBOL PICKER AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
ADD SYMBOL PICKER RANGE range
SYMBOL PICKER number
SYMBOL PICKER COLOR number
ADD TEXT string AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
ADD TEXT string RANGE range
SHOW TEXT string
TEXT ROTATE ON
TEXT ROTATE OFF
ADD FIELD AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
ADD FIELD RANGE range
ACTIVATE FIELD number
SELECT FIELD LINE number
SELECT FIELD TEXT FROM number TO number
FIELD SINGLE FONT
FIELD MULTIPLE FONTS
FIELD TOP MARGIN number
FIELD BOTTOM MARGIN number
FIELD LEFT MARGIN number
FIELD RIGHT MARGIN number
INDENT number
LEFT INDENT number
RIGHT INDENT number
FIELD TABS EVERY number
REMOVE ALL FIELD TABS
LINE SPACING SINGLE
LINE SPACING DOUBLE
LINE SPACING 1.5
LINE SPACING SINGLE PLUS number
LINE SPACING FIXED number
FIELD JUSTIFICATION LEFT
FIELD JUSTIFICATION RIGHT
FIELD JUSTIFICATION CENTER
FIELD JUSTIFICATION FLUSH
FIELD WORD WRAP OFF
FIELD WORD WRAP ON
FIELD TEXT string
SHOW SCROLL BAR FIELD
HIDE SCROLL BAR FIELD
LOCK FIELD TEXT
UNLOCK FIELD TEXT
FIELD CHARACTER number
FIELD NOT A NOTE
FIELD NOTE
FIND FIELD TEXT string1 OPTIONS string3
REPLACE FIELD TEXT string1 WITH string2 OPTIONS string3
REPLACE ALL FIELD TEXT string1 WITH string2 OPTIONS string3
MAXIMUM FIELD LENGTH number
CTVALUE(control number, item number)
CTSTRING(control number, item number)
Examples:
CTVALUE(1,0) If control #1 is a radio button, CTVALUE returns the number of the selected item.
CTSTRING(1,0) If control #1 is a radio button, CTSTRING returns the text of the selected item.
CTVALUE(1,2) If control #1 is a radio button, CTVALUE returns "1" if the second item is selected; otherwise "0" is returned.
CTSTRING(1,2) If control #1 is a radio button, CTSTRING returns the text of the second item if selected, otherwise a "" (null string) is returned.
NEW MODAL DIALOG BOX AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
NEW MODELESS DIALOG BOX string AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
SELECT DIALOG BOX string(s)
SELECT DIALOG BOXES
DIALOG BOX LOCATION AT (X,Y) (X,Y)
DIALOG FILL FG number
DIALOG FILL BG number
DIALOG PATTERN number
USE DIALOG BOX
QUIT DIALOG BOX
ENABLE QUIT DIALOG BOX
DISABLE QUIT DIALOG BOX
SELECT CONTROL number(s)
SELECT DIALOG CONTROLS
DIALOG DEFAULT PUSH BUTTON
DIALOG CANCEL PUSH BUTTON
REMOVE CONTROL
SHOW QUICK KEYS
HIDE QUICK KEYS
ENABLE QUICK KEYS
DISABLE QUICK KEYS
VIEWPORT (X,Y) (X,Y)
SCALED WINDOW (X,Y) (X,Y)
SQUARE WINDOW (X,Y) (X,Y)
SCALED WINDOW 3D (X,Y,Z) (X,Y,Z)
SQUARE WINDOW 3D (X,Y,Z) (X,Y,Z)
DRAW ARC (X,Y) (X,Y) start_angle FOR delta_angle
MOVE ARC (X,Y) (X,Y) start_angle FOR delta_angle
DRAW SEGMENT ARC (X,Y) (X,Y) start_angle FOR delta_angle
MOVE SEGMENT ARC (X,Y) (X,Y) start_angle FOR delta_angle
SAVE CLIP
RESTORE CLIP
EXCLUDE CLIP RECTANGLE (X,Y) (X,Y)
INTERSECT CLIP RECTANGLE (X,Y) (X,Y)
MOVE (X,Y)
DRAW (X,Y)
MOVE 3D (X,Y,Z)
DRAW 3D (X,Y,Z)
DRAW ARROWHEAD (X,Y) (X,Y)
DRAW TEXT string
DRAW SYMBOL (X,Y)
PAINT BORDER (X,Y) (X,Y)
FRAME PIE (X,Y) (X,Y) start_angle FOR delta_angle
FILL PIE (X,Y) (X,Y) start_angle FOR delta_angle
PAINT PIE (X,Y) (X,Y) start_angle FOR delta_angle
OPEN POLYGON
CLOSE POLYGON
FRAME POLYGON
FILL POLYGON
PAINT POLYGON
KILL POLYGON
FRAME RECTANGLE (X,Y) (X,Y)
FILL RECTANGLE (X,Y) (X,Y)
PAINT RECTANGLE (X,Y) (X,Y)
FRAME ROUND RECTANGLE (X,Y) (X,Y)
FILL ROUND RECTANGLE (X,Y) (X,Y)
PAINT ROUND RECTANGLE (X,Y) (X,Y)
FRAME OVAL (X,Y) (X,Y)
FILL OVAL (X,Y) (X,Y)
PAINT OVAL (X,Y) (X,Y)
LOAD SPLINE (X,Y)
DRAW SPLINE (X,Y)
LOAD SPLINE 3D (X,Y,Z)
DRAW SPLINE 3D (X,Y,Z)
NO AUTO MOVE
AUTO MOVE
DATE number string
TIME number string
DATE INPUT FORMAT MMDDYY
DATE INPUT FORMAT DDMMYY
DATE INPUT FORMAT YYMMDD
AFTER CURRENCY string
BEFORE CURRENCY string
ARGUMENT SEPARATOR string
DECIMAL SEPARATOR string
THOUSANDS SEPARATOR string
START TIMER
WAIT UNTIL number SECOND(S)
WAIT FOR number SECOND(S)
SOUND EFFECT sound
PLAY string1 TEMPO number NOTES string2
BREAK OFF
BREAK ON
RESET ERRORS
PUT TEXT string
PUT expression INTO range
MESSAGE string
REPAINT OFF
REPAINT ON
REPAINT ALL WINDOWS
REPAINT WINDOW
REPAINT RANGE range
REPAINT OBJECTS
REPAINT OBJECT number
REPAINT CONTROL
REPAINT DIALOG
REPAINT SELECTIONS OFF
REPAINT SELECTIONS ON
INVALIDATE ON
INVALIDATE OFF
Wingz gives you an error message when an error occurs on the worksheet. The error messages provided are listed by number. Refer to Appendix B in the Wingz HyperScript Manual for more information about these error messages.
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