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- README FILE
-
- VERSION 6.0.27
-
- This README File describes several changes to the ORACLE RDBMS
- Version 6 since the initial documentation (November 1988). The
- following topics are addressed:
-
- A- Migration from Earlier Versions of ORACLE to V6
- B- Upgrading From an Earlier V6 Release to V6.0.27
- C- Documentation
- D- INIT.ORA File Changes
- E- Recovery
- F- Creating Database Objects in the System Tablespace
- G- Assigning Tablespace Quotas
- H- How to Drop Private and Public Rollback Segments
-
- Read this file before installing Version 6.0.27.
-
-
- A- Migration from Earlier Versions of ORACLE to V6
- ---------------------------------------------------
-
- 1- MIGRATE.DOC, found in the RDBMS area on this release media
- contains supplementary instructions for migrating indexes to
- Version 6. Space estimation for indexes and other information is
- provided.
-
- 2- An interactive IMPORT from a full database EXPORT will NOT
- IMPORT views and sequence database objects (created with the CREATE SEQUENCE
- statement). To IMPORT views and sequence
- database objects, the IMPORT must be done from the command line.
-
- 3- A new optional feature of IMPORT allows you to review the
- names and storage allocation of indexes on a database. To use
- this feature, first perform an IMPORT without indexes, using the
- INDEXES=N keyword. Then perform an import using the new
- INDEXFILE=<filename> feature:
-
- IMPORT username/password INDEXFILE=<filename>
-
- The indexes names are then written to a file called <filename>.SQL,
- creating a SQL script. This file will contain a list of CREATE
- INDEX statements with storage parameters that can be used to
- recreate the database indexes. You can modify the file before
- using it to create all the indexes for the newly imported
- database.
-
- 4- The SYSTEM.DUAL table that SQL*Forms often references in
- triggers is now called SYS.DUAL.
-
- 5- Privileges granted on views in V5 are not imported to V6.
- They need to be re-granted. In V6, every table granted to PUBLIC
- that will become a base table for views must conform to FORM III
- of the GRANT statement (it must be granted to PUBLIC WITH GRANT
- OPTION). Tables that are migrated to V6 must be modified to
- conform to GRANT FORM III (see the SQL Language Reference Manual)
- if you want the grantee to be able to pass on privileges he has
- been granted.
-
- For example, for Mary to be able to create a view from SCOTT.EMP,
- Scott has to:
-
- GRANT SELECT ON EMP TO PUBLIC WITH GRANT OPTION;
-
- Then Mary can:
-
- CREATE VIEW V2 AS SELECT * FROM SCOTT.EMP;
-
- If Mary attempts to:
-
- GRANT SELECT ON V2 TO STEVE;
-
- and the WITH GRANT OPTION had not been given her, an error would
- occur when Steve tries to:
-
- SELECT * FROM MARY.V2;
-
- This error would not have occurred in V5.
-
- B- Upgrading from an Earlier V6 Release to V6.0.27
- ----------------------------------------------------
-
- 1- Users of V6 releases earlier than V6.0.27 who are upgrading
- to this release and have EVER set the prebuild threshold to other
- than the default, 0, should EXPORT/IMPORT due to the possibility
- of block corruption. You can use the SQL*DBA command SHOW
- PARAMETERS to find out what your LOG_ENTRY_PREBUILD_THRESHOLD
- INIT.ORA parameter is currently set to.
-
- 2- The database format of Version 6.0.27 has changed from
- versions 6.0.24 and earlier. To save data from 6.0.24 and
- earlier, you must recreate your database and EXPORT/IMPORT.
-
- C- Documentation
- ----------------
-
- 1- A new manual, "ORACLE RDBMS Performance Tuning Guide," (Part
- No. 5317-V6.0) is included with Release 6.0.27. A detailed
- methodology for tuning SQL statements and applications, memory
- allocation, I/O, and contention is presented. You will find
- information on how to use the V6 performance diagnostic tools,
- the SQL trace facility and the SQL EXPLAIN PLAN statement.
- INIT.ORA parameters useful in tuning, and other new INIT.ORA
- parameters are also described in this manual.
-
- D- INIT.ORA File Changes
- ------------------------
-
- 1- Two new INIT.ORA parameters are available to aid Oracle in
- porting the RDBMS to various systems. These parameters should
- not be changed: LOG_BLOCKS_DURING_BACKUP and
- DB_BLOCK_COMPUTE_CHECKSUMS.
-
- 2- Three new INIT.ORA parameters for the purpose of kernel
- development and monitoring should not be changed:
- DB_WRITER_MAX_SCAN_CNT, ENQUEUE_DEBUG_MULTI_INSTANCE, and
- WAIT_FOR_SYNC.
-
- 3- Several new INIT.ORA parameters for V6.0.27 are documented
- in the new "ORACLE RDBMS Performance Tuning Guide:"
- DB_BLOCK_LRU_EXTENDED_STATISTICS, DB_BLOCK_LRU_STATISTICS, and
- SQL_TRACE.
-
- 4- The INIT.ORA parameters that previously dealt with buffer
- scanning are gone in this release: DB_BLOCK_MAX_CLEAN_PCT,
- DB_BLOCK_MAX_MOD_PCT, DB_BLOCK_MAX_SCAN_PCT, and
- DB_BLOCK_TIMEOUT_WRITE_PCT. The number of blocks the Database
- Writer process writes at one time to the database is now set
- automatically based on DB_BLOCK_WRITE_BATCH_PARAMETER.
-
- E- Recovery
- -----------
- 1- A "Recovery Addendum to the ORACLE RDBMS Database
- Administrator's Guide" can be found in RECOVERY.DOC in the RDBMS
- area on this release media. Outlined in this file are:
- media failure recovery, how it relates to other forms of
- recovery, and recovering different components of the RDBMS.
- Important backup recommendations and strategies are described.
-
- F- Creating Database Objects in the System Tablespace
- -----------------------------------------------------
-
- 1- After installation, before you can create any database objects
- in a tablespace (including rollback segments), you must create at
- least one rollback segment in the SYSTEM tablespace in addition
- to the system rollback segment that is automatically set up
- during installation. For a discussion of INIT.ORA parameters
- that should be modified at installation, see Appendix A in the
- new ORACLE RDBMS Performance Tuning Guide, "Initial RDBMS
- Installation Guidelines."
-
- If the object you want to create is a rollback segment, the
- database should be shutdown, the INIT.ORA parameter
- ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS modified to contain the name of the new
- rollback segment, and the database started up. This must be
- done before creating any database objects in any non-system
- tablespace.
-
- G- Assigning Tablespace Quotas
- ------------------------------
-
- 1- Version 6 introduces the GRANT RESOURCE (quota) format (FORM
- II of the GRANT statement). It is likely that in future versions
- of ORACLE, a different syntax or different SQL commands will be
- used to grant specific quotas on tablespaces. Keep this in mind
- when writing programs that use FORM II of the GRANT statement.
-
- Specifying GRANT RESOURCE without the keyword quota means the
- list of users have unlimited access to all tablespaces. This
- remains compatible with Version 5, and will continue to be
- supported in future releases of ORACLE.
-
- H- How To Drop Private and Public Rollback Segments
- ---------------------------------------------------
-
- 1- A rollback segment cannot be dropped if an instance has
- acquired the rollback segment and it is in use.
-
- Dropping Private Rollback Segments:
- -----------------------------------
-
- The INIT.ORA parameter ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS determines all private
- rollback segments that the instance will attempt to acquire when
- it is started. In order to drop a private rollback segment that
- is currently in use, shutdown the instance, remove the rollback
- segment name from ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS, and startup the instance.
- Then you can drop the private rollback segment.
-
- For example, to drop private rollback segment RB1, modify
- INIT_A.ORA file to produce the INIT_B.ORA file:
-
- INIT_A.ORA INIT_B.ORA
- ----------- -----------
- ... ...
- ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS = (RB1,RB2) ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS = (RB2)
- ... ...
-
- Then drop the rollback segment, RB1, with the following commands:
-
- SQLDBA
- SHUTDOWN
- STARTUP OPEN <database name> PFILE = INIT_B.ORA
- DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT RB1;
- EXIT
-
- Dropping Public Rollback Segments:
- ----------------------------------
-
- When an instance is started, it will attempt to get a number of
- rollback segments using the following formula:
-
- TRANSACTIONS Number of Rollback
- -------------------------------- = Segments the Instance
- TRANSACTIONS_PER_ROLLBACK_SEGMENT attempts to acquire
-
- where the number of rollback segments is rounded up to the next
- integer value.
-
- The instance first attempts to acquire private rollback segments.
- If there are N private rollback segments listed in
- ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS, then the number of public rollback segments
- that an instance will attempt to acquire is:
-
- TRANSACTIONS Number of Public
- --------------------------------- - N = Rollback Segments
- Instance attempts
- TRANSACTIONS_PER_ROLLBACK_SEGMENT to acquire
-
-
- In order to drop a public rollback segment that is acquired at
- startup time, you must force the instance not to use it. This is
- done by creating and substituting private rollback segments.
- Shutdown the instance, startup the instance using the private
- rollback segment(s), and drop the public rollback segment(s).
-
- For example, given public rollback segment PUB_RB_1 and the
- INIT.ORA file INIT_PUB.ORA:
-
- INIT_PUB.ORA
- -------------
- ...
- TRANSACTIONS = 10
- TRANSACTIONS_PER_ROLLBACK_SEGMENT = 10
- ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS = (PRIV_RB_1)
- ...
-
- the following will drop the public rollback segment PUB_RB_1:
-
- SQLDBA
- CREATE ROLLBACK_SEGMENT PRIV_RB_1;
- SHUTDOWN
- STARTUP OPEN <database name> PFILE = INIT_PUB.ORA
- DROP PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT PUB_RB_1;
- EXIT
-