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- sdformat
- --------
-
- INTRO
- -----
-
- sdformat is an enhanced replacement for the sdform utility shipped with
- NEXTSTEP. It allows selection of the SCSI device's block size for improved
- performance - both in access speed and available free space.
-
-
- REVISION HISTORY
- ----------------
-
- This is the third major release version of sdformat (Version 1.3), and the
- first to support NEXTSTEP on NeXT/Motorola, Intel, HP-PA RISC and Sparc
- processors.
-
- There was only one reported problem with Version 0.9, so version 1.1 was
- released to address problems with very large hard drives (about 3 GB or more).
- It has since been proven to work with drives as large as 9 GB (The Seagate
- ELITE), even though NeXT's sdform would not work on that drive. Version 1.2
- added more verbose error message text from the ANSI SCSI specification, in
- addition to HP-PA support. Now, version 1.3 is friendlier to other SCSI
- programs and has improved error reporting.
-
-
- BACKGROUND
- ----------
-
- One of the most popular performance enhancements for NEXTSTEP workstations is
- to do a low-level format of all capable SCSI drives at a block size of 1024
- bytes. If you have a new drive, or if you have backed up all data on your
- current drive, then you might consider wiping the slate clean and starting over
- with a faster, larger drive (for free!)
-
-
- sdformat does what you cannot do with the utilities supplied by NeXT. I
- believe it is easier to use than the "formatter" utility on the archives - and
- compatible with more drives.
-
- For some strange reason, the formatting utilities included in NEXTSTEP are not
- orthogonal in features. Specifically, fdform allows specification of the block
- size as 512 or 1024 bytes, but sdform has no such option. sdform is also
- limited to working with SCSI devices which were attached when the system was
- started, simply because it takes a raw device name instead of a SCSI id.
-
- Hence the need for sdformat.
-
- sdformat, which is available as a FAT binary, is capable of formatting any SCSI
- device selected by its target ID (and logical unit number, if applicable). The
- utility can also be used to examine the current settings for a particular
- device's block size. You will only need root access for drives which were
- attached and powered up when NEXTSTEP was booted, otherwise any user can just
- power up a new drive, format, and reboot to initialize the drive with the file
- system of your choice (sdformat does not handle the step of file system
- initialization, but neither does sdform or fdform). Drive cables should only
- be attached while the computer is halted or powered off, but the drive may be
- powered up and down while NEXTSTEP is running so long as you do not power off
- a mounted drive.
-
-
- Need further convincing?
-
- If you aren't already convinced that you want to back up your drive and execute
- a low-level reformat, read on!
-
- For space increase, you can expect numbers like the following:
-
- Original Reformat Increase Drive
- 406.5 MB 419.9 MB 13.39 MB Seagate ST1480N (NeXT supplied 400 MB)
- 1.156 GB 1.227 GB 73.30 MB Maxtor MXT-1240S
- 5.407% Seagate ST41650N (Wren VIII)
-
- I have not personally measured the inherent increases in throughput
- performance, but figures ranging from 20% to 25% have been reported by users of
- sdformat.
-
-
- LEGAL STUFF
- -----------
-
- I am tired of legalese, so I will word the following in plain english. The
- language should be precise enough to avoid misunderstanding in the event that
- legal action is necessary.
-
- I cannot be responsible for data loss. This program is designed to do a
- low-level format of a SCSI device under user control. "Format" implies data
- loss by definition. If you ask for this operation with the right options, you
- WILL erase your drive. I can say that I highly doubt that there is any way to
- permanently damage a SCSI device when using sdformat, other than data loss.
- Note: There was one report from the Internet by someone who knew of an IBM
- drive which would destroy its factory formatting if the SCSI format command was
- issued, but I would consider that a firmware bug.
-
- Please do not charge money for this utility or for any service you provide
- using this utility. Please do not remove my name from this README, the
- accompanying man page, or the executable. Please do not distribute modified
- versions of these files. I hold the copyrights for this utility and do not
- give permission for it to be distributed on CD-ROM without my prior written
- permission. For those of you who are compiling CD-ROM archives of software
- available freely via ftp, these restrictions are aimed directly at you -
- especially if you are planning to charge for the CD-ROM, but even if you are
- not. For those of you who make a living formatting SCSI drives for others, you
- will have to find some other program if the standard NEXTSTEP tools are not
- sufficient. Exceptions will be made only for those who contact me for
- licensing information. I would suggest keeping a copy of this README around to
- remind you not to forget about the restrictions I have placed on this free
- software. Future versions are not guaranteed to be free.
-
- Apart from the explicit warnings about inherent data loss, there are no other
- guarantees or warranties associated with this free software. You must accept
- it as is or do without.
-
-
- INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
- -------------------------
-
- Two packages are available:
-
- 1) sdformat.FAT.tar.gz is FAT (as the name implies), and includes a man page.
- Anyone who can execute FAT binaries should have gzip available in their version
- of NEXTSTEP in order to uncompress this package using the following commands:
-
- 3.2> gnutar zxf sdformat_1.3.MIHS.tar.gz
- 3.1> gzcat sdformat_1.3.MIHS.tar.gz | gnutar xvf -
-
- 2) sdformat.tar.Z is for Motorola (true Black NeXT hardware) systems, and also
- includes the same man page. It has not been tested under 3.0 or earlier, but
- it should work. Note: At this time, only the beta version, 0.9, is available
- for 3.0 or earlier. Use the following command to uncompress:
-
- zcat sdformat.tar.Z | tar xf -
-
-
- Both packages have the following recommended installation points:
-
- /usr/local/bin/sdformat
- /usr/local/man/man8/sdformat.8
-
- or you can use ~/Unix/bin and ~/Unix/man/man8
-
-
- As an exercise for the reader, I leave the process for adding new man page
- directories (hint, take a look in /etc/login.std and /etc/cshrc.std after
- searching for MANPATH in the ManPages target of Digital Librarian).
-
-
- PARTING NOTE
- ------------
-
- sdformat does not Initialize the SCSI device. In this respect it is just like
- NeXT's own sdform. When sdformat is finished, you must decide whether to
- create a BFFS, DOS (not very useful), or Macintosh (probably impossible)
- volume. I usually just let Workspace.app handle the Initialization, since it
- tends to want to do so automatically. Please do not contact me for help in
- initializing your disk, and especially not if you need to partition your large
- (greater than 2 GB) disk. For these tasks, I would suggest becoming an expert
- on the /etc/disk utility shipped with NEXTSTEP - or perhaps you can consult the
- NEXTSTEP FAQ as posted to comp.sys.next.announce
-
-
- Brian Willoughby Software Design Engineer, BSEE from NCSU
- NeXTmail welcome Sound Consulting: Software Design and Development
- BrianW@SoundS.WA.com Bellevue, WA
-