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- ======================================================================
-
- This is the source only distribution of the SciCalc Version 1.1
- application. SciCalc is a more richly featured version of the basic
- Calculator example program from which it was spawned from. SciCalc is
- distributed under the GNU copy-left Free Software conditions. This
- supersedes any distrubution conditions mentioned in the applications
- Help panel. SciCalc requires NextStep 2.0 or greater to run.
-
- ======================================================================
-
- SciCalc - Help
-
- SciCalc is a push button calculator that supports many of the features
- found on your average buck $2.98 scientific pocket calculator.
-
- EXPRESSION SYNTAX:
-
- SciCalc processes mathematical expressions in a normal left to
- right order while taking into account operator precedence. For
- example SciCalc evaluates "1 + 2 * 3" to be equal to 7. Each
- expression is displayed just as it is entered in the upper LCD window.
- When the Equals [=] button is pressed the entered expression is
- evaluated and the display is replaced by the result. If an invalid
- expression is formed SciCalc will display the "<Syntax Error>" string
- which prohibits further operation until the All Clear [AC] button is
- pressed.
-
- OPERATORS AND FUNCTIONS:
-
- SciCalcs expressions are formed as a sequence of values separated by
- operators and values preceeded by functions. Operators include the
- basic Plus [+], Minus [-], Multiply [x], and Divide [/]. All
- operators must be preceeded by and followed by either an explicit
- value or a function request. Other operators include the [X^Y] and [X
- Root of Y] buttons. Function requests are made by pressing the
- desired function key followed by a value or an expression in
- parenthesis. Examples of Function keys include the [sin], [10^x], and
- [X!] buttons. As an example the key sequence for entering the
- following expression would be:
-
- sin (23 - 5^(3.1*2.5)) / (11-5*4)
-
- Press [sin] then [(] then [2] then [3] then [-] then [5] then [X^Y] then
- [(] then [3] then [.] then [1] then [*] then [2] then [.] then [5] then
- [)] then [)] then [/] then [(] then [1] then [1] then [-] then [5] then
- [*] then [4] then [)] and finally [=].
-
-
- MODIFIED FUNCTIONS:
-
- Not all available functions have a unique button. Most function
- buttons can be altered via the modifer toggle buttons [Hyperbolic] and
- [Inverse]. The following table lists each button that has a modified
- function. The H's and I's in the modifier column indicates that the
- Hyperbolic and Inverse toggle buttons must be set to access the
- function.
-
- Button Modifer Function
- ====== ======= ========
- [sin] H sinh
- I asin
- H I asinh
- [cos] H cosh
- I acos
- H I acosh
- [tan] H tanh
- I atan
- H I atanh
- [e^x] I ln (natural log)
- [10^x] I log (log base 10)
- [X^y] I Xth root of Y
- [X^2] I Square Root
-
-
- METRICS FOR TRIGNOMETRIC FUNCTIONS:
-
- The Metric radio box determines how to interpret the input value
- for the SIN, COS, and TAN functions, and what value to return for the
- ASIN, ACOS, and ATAN functions. The choices stand for Degrees,
- Radians, and Gradians. The current metric may be changed at anytime,
- and may be changed in the middle of partially entered expression. The
- current metric will determine the result of any of the previously
- mentioned functions as soon as the functions argument value is
- determined.
-
-
- CHANGING THE NUMERIC BASE
-
- The Base radio box can be used to change the operating numeric
- base between Decimal, Hexidecimal, Octal, and Binary. When in decimal
- mode all values are expressed in 8 byte (Quadword) units. Hex, Octal,
- and Binary values can only be expressed in 4 byte (Longword) units, 2
- byte (Word) units, or single byte units. When in Hex, Octal, or
- Binary base the binary operators And, Or, Not, Xor, Lsh, and Rsh are
- enabled. When the base is changed any currently entered value is
- replaced by its equivalent value in the new base if possible. The
- value in the currently selected memory cell is also reformatted in the
- newly selected base. Each numeric base will only permit the
- appopriate set of number keys for the selected base. It is possible
- to change the numeric base in the middle of an expression. For
- example to add 20 Hex to 20 Octal perform the following. First select
- Hex base and enter 20. Then press the [+] button and follow that by
- selecting Oct base. Enter 20 and press the [=] button. The result is
- expressed in Octal will be 60. By selecting Decimal base result will
- show 48, which should make sense since 20 (hex) = 32 and 20 (oct) =
- 16, and 32+16=48.
-
-
- CHANGING THE UNIT SIZE
-
- The Unit size is only important when in Hexidecimal, Octal, or
- Binary base mode. When in Decimal mode all values are expressed in 8
- byte Quadwords. When in Hexidecimal, Octal or Binary mode the Unit
- size may be set to either 4 byte Longwords, 2 byte Words, or a single
- byte. The selected Unit size will determine the value range of the
- expression result. And will determine how a value will be interpreted
- when changing the Base between Hex/Oct/Bin and Dec mode. For example
- if the value FF is entered while Base=Hex and Unit=Byte, and the base
- is changed to decimal the value displayed will be -1. If the Unit
- size were set to Word the displayed value would be 255.
-
-
- CHANGING FUNCTION MODE
-
- SciCalc provides two ways to use the function keys. The function
- mode is toggled between Evaluate and Operate modes from the
- application menu item Function submenu, or more simply by the
- Command-f keystroke. The default method is to evaluate functions as
- part of the entered expression. The alternate method is to use the
- function buttons in an a operator mode. In Operate mode the selected
- function takes the currently entered value as its argument, and then
- replaces the value with the result of the function.
-
-
- MEMORY FUNCTIONS:
-
- SciCalc provides 26 temporary memory storage cells labeled A
- through Z. The currently selected memory cell is indicated by the
- label well between the up and down arrows and the memory cell LCD
- window. Different memory cells can be selected via the up and down
- arrow buttons next to the memory LCD. The up arrow moves up the
- alphabet towards A, and the down arrow moves torward Z. The [MS] and
- [MR] buttons are used to store and recall the current value to and
- from the currently selected memory cell. The [MC] button will clear
- the value in the currenlty selected memory cell.
-
-
- BITWISE FUNCTIONS:
-
- The bitwise functions are used to manipulate binary data, and
- hence are only available when the selected Base is set to either
- Hexidecimal, Octal, or Binary. The [And], [Or], and [Xor] buttons are
- binary operators that perform bitwise And, Or, and Exclusive Or
- operations on the supplied operands. The [Not], [Lsh], and [Rsh]
- buttons are actually functions that perform the bitwise Not, the
- arithmetic left shift, and arithemtic right shift operations
- respectively.
-
-
- OUTPUT PRECISON:
-
- The output of an expressions result may be modified by the
- precison slider. When SciCalc is in Base Decimal the precision
- setting determines how many digits to print to the right of the
- decimal point. If the current precision setting is less than the
- number of digits in the decimal portion of the result the value will
- be displayed in exponential notation. When SciCalc is in Base Hex,
- Octal, or Binary mode the precision setting determines the minimum
- number of digits to print in the result.
-
-
- KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
-
- SciCalc provides various keyboard alternatives to clicking on many
- of the buttons. First and foremost are the numeric buttons [0]-[9],
- [A]-[F], and [.]. Each of these buttons may be entered by typing the
- corresponding key on the main keyboard or the numeric keypad. The
- basic arithmetic operators plus, minus, times, divide can be entered
- by typing "+", "-", "*", and "/" respectively. The [=] equals button
- may entered by typing "=", or by pressing the Return or Enter key.
- Typing "(" or ")" are alternatives to clicking the parenthesis
- buttons. Typing "~" is equivalent to pressing the [+-] button. The
- following table lists all the available keyboard shortcuts that you
- will find impossible to remember:
-
- Keystroke Function
- ---------------- ------------------------
- ESC All Clear
- Delete Clear Entry
- Ctrl-C COS
- Ctrl-S SIN
- Ctrl-T TAN
- Shift-Ctrl-C COSH
- Shift-Ctrl-S SINH
- Shift-Ctrl-T TANH
- Alt-C ACOSH
- Alt-S ASINH
- Alt-T ATANH
- Shift-Alt-C ACOSH
- Shift-Alt-S ASINH
- Shift-Alt-T ATANH
- "P" or "p" Enter Pi
- "[" Memory Store
- "]" Memory Recall
- "\" Memory Clear
- Ctrl-E e^x
- Alt-E ln
- Ctrl-F X!
- Ctrl-L 10^x
- Alt-L LOG
- Ctrl-R 1/X
- Ctrl-X X^2
- Alt-X Square Root
- Ctrl-Y X^Y
- Alt-Y X root Y
-
- COPYING AND PASTING:
-
- SciCalc supports copying values from it's scrolling text window. It
- also allow you to paste values into the current expression. Further
- you can paste entire expressions-- to a limited extent into SciCalc
- and have them evalutaed. For example try copying and pasting the
- following expressions:
-
- 1 + 2 * 4 =
- (1 + 2) * 4 =
-
- The equal sign in the expression is equivalent to clicking the [=]
- button. Essentially all the non-Control Keyboard short cuts can be
- part of a pasted expression. For example the following expression
- will enter the value 12 for the number of inches in a foot, save it in
- the current memory cell then convert inches to centimeters, recall the
- value from the current memory cell, and finally change it's sign.
-
- 12 [ * 2.54 = ] ~
-
- LEGAL STUFF:
-
- SciCalc is free software and may be freely distributed under the
- tennets of the GNU copy-left provisions. Please send bug reports and
- any comments to the following email address:
-
- mdm@ringworld.inmark.com
-
-
-