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- Path: informatik.tu-muenchen.de!fu-berlin.de!zrz.TU-Berlin.DE!stern.fokus.gmd.de!nntp.gmd.de!news.ruhr-uni-bochum.de!news.rhrz.uni-bonn.de!ignatios
- From: ignatios@cs.uni-bonn.de (Ignatios Souvatzis)
- Newsgroups: comp.protocols.ppp,news.answers,comp.answers
- Subject: comp.protocols.ppp part4 of 8 of frequently wanted information
- Supersedes: <ppp-faq/part4_843589201@cs.uni-bonn.de>
- Followup-To: poster
- Date: 8 Oct 1996 19:18:23 GMT
- Organization: computer science department, university of Bonn, Germany
- Lines: 249
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Expires: 5 Nov 1996 19:20:02 GMT
- Message-ID: <ppp-faq/part4_844802402@cs.uni-bonn.de>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: theory.cs.uni-bonn.de
- Summary: This document contains information about the Internet Point-to-Point
- Protocol, including a bibliography, a list of public domain and
- commercial software and hardware implementations, a section on
- configuration hints and a list of frequently asked questions and
- answers on them.
- It should be read by anybody interested in connecting to Internet
- via serial lines, and by anybody wanting to post to
- comp.protocols.ppp (before he/she does it!)
- Xref: informatik.tu-muenchen.de comp.protocols.ppp:17757 news.answers:83696 comp.answers:21553
-
- Archive-name: ppp-faq/part4
- Version: $Revision: 3.14 $
- Last-modified: $Date: 1996/09/16 18:10:03 $
- URL: http://cs.uni-bonn.de/ppp/part4.html
-
- PPP questions and answers
- 4. MISC. PPP QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
-
- Does somebody have a patent on PPP?
-
- Is it possible to use PPP as link layer in ISDN?
-
- My ppp does infinite configuration negotiation. What's wrong?
-
- My ppp gets strange configure rejects. What's wrong?
-
- What is Asychronous HDLC?
-
- DP package: What is
- str_restore: couldn't push module ldterm
-
- 4.1 Does somebody have a patent on PPP?
-
-
- From: emv@msen.com (Edward Vielmetti)
- Newsgroups: comp.protocols.tcp-ip,comp.unix.sysv386,comp.protocols.ppp
- Subject: Re: Public domain PPP for SCO 2.0??
- Date: 8 Dec 1992 06:04:52 GMT
-
- [Somebody] wrote:
-
- Doesn't matter. I just read (in another newsgroup) that DEC has a
- patent on PPP, and is asking $5000 for a license. That means no public
- domain PPP, and a rapidly increasing reluctance to support it from OEMs.
- Stick with SLIP until something better comes along. This is *not*
- true.
-
- DEC has a patent application outstanding for the negotiation of a 48 bit
- checksum which might be used in one of the option negotiation phases.
- It is not an essential part of PPP; many implementations currently do
- not use this little tiny algorithm in the way they work, and they work
- just fine.
-
- There is no indication that the 48 bit FCS will be accepted or
- standardized on by the IETF - from my reading of the mailing lists
- traffic that is unlikely at this point.
-
- There are free PPPs and there will continue to be free PPPs. You will
- also more likely buy PPPs as part of hardware you buy.
-
- 4.2 Is it possible to use PPP as link layer in ISDN?
-
- [Somebody] wrote: Is it possible to use PPP as link layer in ISDN? If
- yes, what about signalling? Do you need to combine PPP with the I.451
- for basic call control? PPP over ISDN is described by RFC 1618. It
- promotes PPP in bit-sync or in octet-sync HDLC over ISDN B-channels, or
- PPP in X25 / PPP in Frame Relay over ISDN D-channel.
-
- 4.3 My ppp does infinite configuration negotiation.
- What's wrong?
-
- 4.3.1 [CABLE PROBLEM]
-
- Each other month somebody posts a question which essentially is the one
- above. It could, of course, be some very strange set of configurations
- options which get the ppp to never terminate the negotiation process
- (typical situations listed in further down). One other possibility was
- seen many times on the derivatives of public ppp for suns, namely
- pppd-1.01beta and dp-2.x.
-
- Detailed symptoms (from a posting on the net, I saw similar logfiles
- some months ago):
-
-
- Typical debugging log output:
-
- Dec 18 16:11:01 pppd[1694]: Starting ppp daemon version 1.0beta patchleve
- l 1
- Dec 18 16:11:01 pppd[1694]: warning... not a process group leader
- Dec 18 16:11:01 pppd[1694]: pgrpid = 1694
- Dec 18 16:11:01 pppd[1694]: popped stream module : ttcompat
- Dec 18 16:11:01 pppd[1694]: popped stream module : ldterm
- Dec 18 16:11:01 pppd[1694]: Using unit ppp0
- Dec 18 16:11:01 pppd[1694]: hostname = Riga
- Dec 18 16:11:01 pppd[1694]: connect: ppp0 /dev/ttya
- Dec 18 16:11:01 pppd[1694]: fsm_sconfreq(c021): Sent id 1.
- Dec 18 16:11:01 pppd[1694]: Timeout 6194:16b38 in 3 seconds.
- Dec 18 16:11:01 pppd[1694]: Setting itimer for 3 seconds.
- Dec 18 16:11:04 pppd[1694]: Alarm
- Dec 18 16:11:04 pppd[1694]: fsm_sconfreq(c021): Sent id 2.
- Dec 18 16:11:04 pppd[1694]: Timeout 6194:16b38 in 3 seconds.
- Dec 18 16:11:04 pppd[1694]: Setting itimer for 3 seconds.
- Dec 18 16:11:04 pppd[1694]: Setting itimer for 3 seconds.
- Dec 18 16:11:07 pppd[1694]: Alarm
- Dec 18 16:11:07 pppd[1694]: fsm_sconfreq(c021): Sent id 3.
- Dec 18 16:11:07 pppd[1694]: Timeout 6194:16b38 in 3 seconds.
- Dec 18 16:11:07 pppd[1694]: Setting itimer for 3 seconds.
- Dec 18 16:11:07 pppd[1694]: Setting itimer for 3 seconds.
-
- ... [lots of repetitious logging deleted] ...
-
- Dec 18 17:02:24 pppd[1694]: Alarm
- Dec 18 17:02:24 pppd[1694]: fsm_sconfreq(c021): Sent id 254.
- Dec 18 17:02:24 pppd[1694]: Timeout 6194:16b38 in 3 seconds.
- Dec 18 17:02:24 pppd[1694]: Setting itimer for 3 seconds.
- Dec 18 17:02:24 pppd[1694]: Setting itimer for 3 seconds.
- Dec 18 17:02:26 pppd[1694]: Hangup
- Dec 18 17:02:26 pppd[1694]: Untimeout 6194:16b38.
- Dec 18 17:02:26 pppd[1694]: Setting itimer for 0 seconds.
- Dec 18 17:02:26 pppd[1694]: str_restore: pushed module ldterm
- Dec 18 17:02:26 pppd[1694]: str_restore: pushed module ttcompat
- Dec 18 17:02:26 pppd[1694]: fcntl(F_SETFL, fdflags): Bad file number
-
- The above final is caused by sending a SIGHUP to the pppd process
- (however three successive SIGKILL's seem to be necessary to really get
- rid of it).
-
- The warning "not a process group leader" appears to be the innocent
- result of a subtle coding bug, with no later effects, but I haven't
- tried fixing it (variable "pid" uninitialized).
-
- During all this, there seems to be no activity on the serial line, as
- evident from an Interfaker(tm) breakout patch box. I was desperate
- enough to lower the speed to 50 bps in order to verify this.
-
- At the same time, "netstat -i" does show increasing figures for the
- ppp0 interface in the "Opkts" column, but in no other column.
-
- Solution: in all cases I could solve, it was a case of missing modem
- control lines in the cables, leading to 'cts' floating to 'false'. The
- LCP FSM happily sent configuration requests (they went to the serial
- line driver buffer (and not out)), waited for an answer, got none, timed
- out, and retried. After lots more of retries, especially on a big
- machine, the send buffer finally does overflow, and ppp stops with an
- error message.
-
- You just have to connect 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 20 to the modem to repair it,
- or to wire a reasonably complete null-modem cable. No, there is no
- software hack, except when you patch the sources yourself. And that
- would be a bad idea in my opinion. Even a small Sparcstation SLC can
- overload any modem on a serial line, and you would get lots of
- unnecessary packet drops because of that.
-
- i.s.
-
- 4.3.2 [ADDRESS CONFIGURATION ERROR]
-
- Each other month somebody posts a question which essentially is the one
- above. It could, of course, be some very strange set of configurations
- options which get the ppp to never terminate the negotiation process,
- but this seems unlikely. This does happen under dp-2.3 [and probably
- others, i.s.] when both sides of the link have differing opinions as to
- what the 2 IP addresses should be. If the remote-address offered from
- the remote side doesn't match the locally configured version then dp-2.3
- will send back an REJ packet. The remote side will then resend the
- original address again and the loop will continue.
-
- To see if this is the case check the log for address REJ's. Then decode
- the two hex addresses and print it out in the normal dot notation. This
- is the IP address pair of what dp-2.x expected and what it got. Now
- either reconfigure dp-2.x to expect this address or change the address
- that the other side is sending.
-
- Wolfgang Rupprecht <wolfgang@wsrcc.com>
-
- 4.4 What is Asychronous HDLC?
-
- It's HDLC with a character-by-character encapsulation, rather than a
- bit-by-bit encapsulation. The details are discussed in the RFC1331,
- appendix A. Basically, the flag character, the escape character and
- (possibly) control characters are escaped by prepending the escape
- character and XORing them with 0x20, while sync hdlc transparently
- inserts '0' bits after sequences of 5 '1' bits to be sure to never
- transmit the flag character in the frame.
-
- A short description of the part of ISO 3309:1991 that describes async
- (ISO calls it start/stop mode) HDLC is available with anonymous ftp from
- ftp.uni-erlangen.de in pub/doc/ISO/english/async-HDLC.
-
-
-
- 4.5 My ppp gets strange configure rejects. What's wrong?
-
- Every few days, s.b. posts a similar question, which melts down to the
- above, when you look at it.
-
- The symptoms are, e.g.:
-
-
- Feb 6 09:04:08 steffi ppp[232]: demuxprotrej: Unrecognized Protocol-Reject
- for protocol 29801!
- Feb 6 09:04:09 steffi ppp[232]: demuxprotrej: Unrecognized Protocol-Reject
- for protocol 67!
- Feb 6 09:04:09 steffi ppp[232]: demuxprotrej: Unrecognized Protocol-Reject
- for protocol 15405!
- Feb 6 09:04:11 steffi ppp[232]: demuxprotrej: Unrecognized Protocol-Reject
- for protocol 15405!
- ....
-
- Pre-ppp-2.1 implementations (I think); this includes dp-2.x and probably
- early dp-3.x'es are too stupid to detect the old (RFC1172) vs. new (RFC
- 1332 and later) format of VJ compression, although it differs in the
- length and the length is explicit in each option. They tend to be off by
- 2 bytes after seeing such an option, and doing horrible things to
- logfiles, like the cited ones.
-
- dp-2.x users should use DP_ARGS=vjmode,draft for talking to nearly
- everything, or switch to ppp-2.1.2 if they don't need autodialup in the
- next few months.
-
- The faulty side is the other one.
-
- 4.6 DP package> When the link goes down,
- I get "str_restore: couldn't push module xxx"... What's wrong?
-
- On DP-anything (at least) on SunOS 4.x, when the link goes down, you
- often get these messages:
-
-
- Aug 42 01:02:03 machine ppp[181]: str_restore: couldn't push module ldterm:
- No such device or address
- Aug 42 01:02:03 machine ppp[181]: str_restore: couldn't push module ttcompa
- t: No such device or address
-
- I guess this is pretty normal. The tty line in question was configured
- to create the hangup condition on loss of carrier. The hangup condition
- made the OS disconnect the tty device from the program, send the program
- a SIGHUP signal, and reinitialize the tty line as a normal tty (thats
- what ldterm and ttcompat are for). DP gets the SIGHUP, tries to clean up
- itself (popping its own stream modules and pushing the ones it found
- there when it started) and can't do it any longer.
-
- Maybe dp could detect the condition and not complain, or not try to
- clean up itself; but there might be a misjudgement of the situation,
- leaving the tty without the streams modules, or with dp's own... this
- would be a disaster: you could never again use them from innocent
- programs like getty, login, or kermit.
-
- The way it is now, if it can restore the tty to a sane state, it will;
- if it can't, at least it tried.
-
- i.s.
-
-
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