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-
- How to connect a PC to a Videocrypt decoder
- -------------------------------------------
-
- 1994-04-25
-
-
- The easiest way to connect your PC to a decoder is to use the card slot
- as an interface and connect it with a voltage converter (MAX232) and a
- TTL open collector driver (74LS07) to the RS-232 serial port. This way,
- you don't even have to open the decoder.
-
- WARNING: In order to build the adapter described below, you will at
- least require some basic hobby electronics experience. If
- you don't understand, how the described circuitry works,
- better don't use it! Although the described procedure is
- relatively secure, serious errors might in the worst case
- damage both your PC and your TV system.
-
- The chip cards used by the Videocrypt pay-TV decoders follow exactly
- the specification ISO 7816 (you might find this international standard
- in a local library, if you are interested). Also, the protocol is the
- "asynchronous half-duplex T=0 protocol" with "active low reset" and
- "inverse convention" as defined in this standard.
-
- According to ISO, a chip card is 85.60 mm long, 53.98 mm high, 0.76 mm
- thick and the edges are rounded with a radius of 3.18 mm. It has eight
- defined contact areas (C1 - C8 in the diagram below), each of which is
- at least 2 mm wide and 1.7 mm heigh:
-
-
- ______________________________________
- / \
- | |
- | |
- | C1 C5 |
- | C2 C6 |
- | C3 C7 |
- | C4 C8 |
- | |
- | |
- | |
- \________________________________________/
-
-
-
- These contacts have the following purpose:
-
-
- C1 VCC Supply voltage (+5 V, max. 200 mA)
- C2 RST Reset signal
- C3 CLK Clock signal
- C4 - reserved
- C5 GND Ground
- C6 VPP Programming voltage (5-25 V)
- C7 I/O Data input/output
- C8 - reserved
-
-
- The following table gives the precise location of the contact areas.
- These areas are only minimum areas, the actual contacts might be larger
- but must of course be properly isolated from each other.
-
- In the following table,
-
- A represents the maximum distance between the card's left
- edge and the contact area's left edge,
- B represents the minimum distance between the card's left
- edge and the contact area's right edge,
- C represents the maximum distance between the card's top
- edge and the contact area's upper edge,
- D represents the minimum distance between the card's top
- edge and the contact area's lower edge.
-
-
- A B C D
- -----------------------------------------
- C1 10.25 12.25 19.23 20.93
- C2 10.25 12.25 21.77 23.47
- C3 10.25 12.25 24.31 26.01
- C4 10.25 12.25 26.85 28.55
- C5 17.87 19.87 19.23 20.93
- C6 17.87 19.87 21.77 23.47
- C7 17.87 19.87 24.31 26.01
- C8 17.87 19.87 26.85 28.55
-
-
- Older card systems (defined in a French AFNOR standard) had these
- contacts located higher (distance from the top between 9.07 mm and
- 18.39 mm, distance from the left identical). As some decoders support
- both contact area alternatives, make sure that this old contact area is
- properly isolated or you'll produce a short circuit when inserting your
- card. You might have noticed, that the contacts are arranged in the
- usual 1/10 inch (= 2.54 mm) system (i.e. like the pins of a 8-pin DIL
- chip).
-
- You can produce your card adapter by making a PCB with contact areas at
- the above listed locations. The PCB must have precisely the thickness
- and width of a real card, but it may be longer, so that you can locate
- the interface electronics on the part which remains outside the slot.
- Cards are inserted in most decoders with the contacts on the bottom
- side, but check this on your system. Normal PCBs are about 1.3 mm think
- and won't fit into the slot. Either you get a PCB which is about 0.8 mm
- thick or you make it thinner, e.g. by using a sander machine. Perhaps
- you find also ready to use test cards with connectors instead of
- producing your own or you simply open the decoder, clamp contacts to
- the resistors near the card slot and insert a normal plastic card in
- order to activate the card-presence-switch (this is NOT recommended:
- there are unisolated 230 V parts inside the decoder and they could kill
- you if you are not very carefull!!!).
-
- The adapter will only need the card contacts I/O, GND, RST and VCC. On
- the RS-232 side, only the following contacts will be used:
-
- Sub-D 25-pin Sub-D 9-pin
- ---------------------------------------------------------
- TxD 2 3 transmit data
- RxD 3 2 receive data
- CTS 5 8 clear to send
- DSR 6 6 data set ready
- GND 7 5 ground
- DCD 8 1 carrier detect (here: reset)
- DTR 20 4 data terminal ready
-
-
- The pins DTR, DSR and CTS are not actually needed, they are just
- connected together in the adapter, so that defined levels are available
- on them because some software might need this.
-
- The following components are necessary for the adapter
-
-
- 1 0.5-0.8 mm PCB single sided or test card
- 1 IC Maxim MAX232CPE (or Linear Technology LT1081CN)
- 1 IC 74LS07
- 4 capacitors 1 uF (or higher), 16 V
- 1 female Sub-D connector (9 or 25-pin)
-
- These components cost together less than 20 DM.
-
- The MAX232 converts the RS-232 levels (about +10 and -10 V) to TTL
- voltage (0 and +5 V) and vice versa without requiring anything else
- than +5 V power supply. This chip contains two TTL->RS-232 and two
- RS-232->TTL drivers and needs four external 1 uF capacitors in order
- to generate the RS-232 voltage internally. The adapter electronic gets
- its power supply from the decoder's VCC line or you can use an external
- 5 V supply if you wish.
-
- The card slot's RST line is connected using one of the TTL->RS-232
- drivers in the MAX232 to DCD, so that the software and the decoder can
- easily resynchronize in case of a protocol error.
-
- The I/O line is a bidirectional half-duplex asynchronous TTL level
- serial port that is operated in a Videocrypt system with 9600 bits/s.
- We can connect this line to a MAX232 TTL input driver (which is
- connected to RxD and sends bytes to the PC) in order to receive data
- from the decoder. The TxD line's signal is converted in the MAX232 to
- TTL level and is connected with an open collector TTL driver to I/O.
- This open collector driver (one of six in the 74LS07) has a high
- impedance output during idle state and 1 and is connected to GND during
- a 0 on it's input. As there is already a pull-up resistor to +5 V on
- I/O in the decoder, this circuitry guarantees, that the adapter is in
- high impedance state if the TxD line is idle and delivers the correct
- voltage if the PC sends bytes and the decoder is in reception mode. As
- we don't connect totem-pole or tristate outputs to I/O, a short circuit
- should be impossible in the adapter.
-
- The following diagram describes the whole interface:
-
-
- +-------------+
- +-----------|1 V 16|----o +5V (VCC)
- +| +| |
- === +5V o-||-|2 MAX232 15|----o GND (card & RS-232)
- | | |
- +-----------|3 +---14|----o DCD +-<-o DTR
- + | | | |
- +---||---|4 | +-13|- (unused RS-232 input) +->-o DSR
- | | | v | |
- +--------|5 | +-12|- (unused TTL output) +->-o CTS
- + | | |
- GND o-||-|6 +-<-11|----o RST
- | |
- RxD o----|7 ---<--- 10|-------------------+----o I/O
- | | |\ |
- TxD o----|8 --->--- 9|--------------| |--+
- +-------------+ 1|/ 2
- 74LS07
- At the MAX232, pin 2 delivers
- +10 V and pin 6 delivers -10 V. (also connected to 74LS07:
- pin 7=GND, pin 14=VCC)
-
-
- Pay attention to the polarity of the capacitors (marked with a + in the
- diagram next to each capacitor)! It is not necessary to ground unused
- chip input pins.
-
- As a side effect of this simple interface design, every byte sent by
- the PC is at the same time also received by the PC. Consequently, you
- can test the circuit with a terminal emulator and external +5 V supply
- by switching of local echo: if you still see every typed immediately
- character on the screen, the interface should be all right. Software
- must be capable of dealing with this echo from the interface. As
- specified in the ISO standard, the decoder activates VCC only shortly
- before a reset and deactivates VCC if an answer-to-reset packet isn't
- received in time after the reset signal.
-
- A few final hints:
-
- If you have a larger distance between the PC an the decoder, then
- locate the adapter electronic near the decoder, because the RS-232
- interface is much more suitable for long cables than the TTL signals.
- Cables of 12 m length have sucessfully been used and you shouldn't have
- problems with RS-232 cables up to 25 m length.
-
- You can also use this adapter circuit to allow a PC to listen to the
- data traffic between a decoder and a real card. Just connect the real
- card and the adapter parallel to the decoder and don't let the PC
- software transmit anything. Suitable card slots are available for
- little money from various manufacturers (e.g. Amphenol). Videocrypt
- uses the inverse convention data format, i.e., you have to reverse and
- invert the bits in each byte in the PC software in order to get the
- correct byte value. For more details about the protocol, check ISO
- 7816-3.
-
- There are many alternative ways to build this interface if you don't
- have some of the components available. E.g. the MAX232 could be
- replaced by the fully compatible LT1081 from Linear Technology. The
- circuit still works fine if you use higher capacitors than 1 uF (e.g.
- my prototype worked fine with 4 22 uF types which were left from a
- previous project). If you use the pin compatible MAX220 (a low power
- version) instead of the MAX232, then use capacitors with 10 uF or
- higher. The MAX232 should be the easiest available one of these chips.
- If it is more convenient for your layout, then you can use instead of
- the 1->2 driver in the 74LS07 one of the remaining 5 drivers at the
- pins 3->4, 5->6, 9->8, 11->10 and 13->12. If your local electronic
- store doesn't have a 74LS07, then use e.g. two of the six open
- collector inverters in a 74LS05 (same pin assignment as the 74LS07) in
- series and a 2.2k pull-up resistor to VCC between them. If you don't
- have the experience to etch your own PCB (it's not very difficult) or
- don't know someone who does, then you could solder the components in a
- universal raster PCB or plug them into an experimental board and
- produce a simple PCB with only the ISO card contacts and connections to
- outside the decoder by mechanically removing the thin copper layer with
- a good knive between the 4 contacts and lines.
-
- Normally, both the RS-232 and the decoder slot should not be harmed by
- short circuits, but be careful. Also try to avoid electrostatic voltage
- (e.g. generated by walking on a suitable carpet) near the interface,
- because discharges cause easily decoder or PC crashes and could
- theoretically even harm the hardware. Use this circuit at your own risk
- and please don't blame me if anything doesn't work or produces only
- smoke and noise. Good luck ... ;-)
-