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-
-
- Network Working Group Charles Hornig
- Request for Comments: 894 Symbolics Cambridge Research Center
- April 1984
-
- A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Ethernet Networks
-
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This RFC specifies a standard method of encapsulating Internet
- Protocol (IP) [1] datagrams on an Ethernet [2]. This RFC specifies a
- standard protocol for the ARPA-Internet community.
-
- Introduction
-
- This memo applies to the Ethernet (10-megabit/second, 48-bit
- addresses). The procedure for transmission of IP datagrams on the
- Experimental Ethernet (3-megabit/second, 8-bit addresses) is
- described in [3].
-
- Frame Format
-
- IP datagrams are transmitted in standard Ethernet frames. The type
- field of the Ethernet frame must contain the value hexadecimal 0800.
- The data field contains the IP header followed immediately by the IP
- data.
-
- The minimum length of the data field of a packet sent over an
- Ethernet is 46 octets. If necessary, the data field should be padded
- (with octets of zero) to meet the Ethernet minimum frame size. This
- padding is not part of the IP packet and is not included in the total
- length field of the IP header.
-
- The minimum length of the data field of a packet sent over an
- Ethernet is 1500 octets, thus the maximum length of an IP datagram
- sent over an Ethernet is 1500 octets. Implementations are encouraged
- to support full-length packets. Gateway implementations MUST be
- prepared to accept full-length packets and fragment them if
- necessary. If a system cannot receive full-length packets, it should
- take steps to discourage others from sending them, such as using the
- TCP Maximum Segment Size option [4].
-
- Note: Datagrams on the Ethernet may be longer than the general
- Internet default maximum packet size of 576 octets. Hosts connected
- to an Ethernet should keep this in mind when sending datagrams to
- hosts not on the same Ethernet. It may be appropriate to send
- smaller datagrams to avoid unnecessary fragmentation at intermediate
- gateways. Please see [4] for further information on this point.
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- Hornig [Page 1]
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- RFC 894 April 1984
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- Address Mappings
-
- The mapping of 32-bit Internet addresses to 48-bit Ethernet addresses
- can be done several ways. A static table could be used, or a dynamic
- discovery procedure could be used.
-
- Static Table
-
- Each host could be provided with a table of all other hosts on the
- local network with both their Ethernet and Internet addresses.
-
- Dynamic Discovery
-
- Mappings between 32-bit Internet addresses and 48-bit Ethernet
- addresses could be accomplished through the Address Resolution
- Protocol (ARP) [5]. Internet addresses are assigned arbitrarily
- on some Internet network. Each host's implementation must know
- its own Internet address and respond to Ethernet Address
- Resolution packets appropriately. It should also use ARP to
- translate Internet addresses to Ethernet addresses when needed.
-
- Broadcast Address
-
- The broadcast Internet address (the address on that network with a
- host part of all binary ones) should be mapped to the broadcast
- Ethernet address (of all binary ones, FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF hex).
-
- The use of the ARP dynamic discovery procedure is strongly
- recommended.
-
- Trailer Formats
-
- Some versions of Unix 4.2bsd use a different encapsulation method in
- order to get better network performance with the VAX virtual memory
- architecture. Consenting systems on the same Ethernet may use this
- format between themselves.
-
- No host is required to implement it, and no datagrams in this format
- should be sent to any host unless the sender has positive knowledge
- that the recipient will be able to interpret them. Details of the
- trailer encapsulation may be found in [6].
-
- (Note: At the present time Unix 4.2bsd will either always use
- trailers or never use them (per interface), depending on a boot-time
- option. This is expected to be changed in the future. Unix 4.2bsd
- also uses a non-standard Internet broadcast address with a host part
- of all zeroes, this may also be changed in the future.)
-
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- Hornig [Page 2]
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- RFC 894 April 1984
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-
- Byte Order
-
- As described in Appendix B of the Internet Protocol
- specification [1], the IP datagram is transmitted over the Ethernet
- as a series of 8-bit bytes.
-
- References
-
- [1] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", RFC-791, USC/Information
- Sciences Institute, September 1981.
-
- [2] "The Ethernet - A Local Area Network", Version 1.0, Digital
- Equipment Corporation, Intel Corporation, Xerox Corporation,
- September 1980.
-
- [3] Postel, J., "A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams
- over Experimental Ethernet Networks", RFC-895, USC/Information
- Sciences Institute, April 1984.
-
- [4] Postel, J., "The TCP Maximum Segment Size Option and Related
- Topics", RFC-879, USC/Information Sciences Institute, November 1983.
-
- [5] Plummer, D., "An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol", RFC-826,
- Symbolics Cambridge Research Center, November 1982.
-
- [6] Leffler, S., and M. Karels, "Trailer Encapsulations", RFC-893,
- University of California at Berkeley, April 1984.
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- Hornig [Page 3]
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