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- DOS imposes certain restrictions on
- the names which can be given to
- files. There are also a set of
- conventions which have been applied
- to filenames.
-
- The Format
-
- A filename can be composed of
- from 1 to 8 letters, numbers or
- certain punctuation marks
- (collectively called characters). A
- filename can also have an optional
- extension containing from 1 to 3 more
- characters. If the filename has an
- extension, the main name is separated
- from the filename by a period, called
- "Dot" by computer experts. Example:
-
- README.1ST
-
- The Restrictions
-
- Filenames cannot contain a space,
- question mark, or exclamation point,
- or many other punctuations such as
- backslash. The underline and the
- dash characters are legal, and are
- frequently used instead of a space to
- make a two-word filename more
- legible. Examples:
-
- TWO_WORD.TXT
- READ-ME.1ST
-
- Capitalization
-
- Whether the letters in a filename are
- capitalized or lower-case does not
- matter. README, ReadMe, and readme
- are all the same file to DOS.
-
- The Conventions
-
- Many extensions have become
- standardized and are known to
- represent certain types of files:
-
- .ASC - An ASCII text file. ASCII
- stands for American Standard Code for
- Information Interchange. These files
- contain plain old text, which can be
- used by most programs which work with
- text. This is the native text format
- of DOS. There are other proprietary
- text formats created by specific word
- processing programs, but ASCII is
- used when the author wants a standard
- file which can be used with a wide
- variety of text viewers or programs.
- Files with extensions other than .ASC
- can also contain ASCII text.
-
- .BMP - A picture file.
-
- .CNF - Customized configuration
- information for use by a program.
- Has no function by itself.
-
- .COM - A small program which can
- usually be run merely by typing it's
- name on the command line and pressing
- the [Enter] key.
-
- .DLL - An auxiliary file required
- by a Windows program which has no
- function by itself.
-
- .DOC - A file containing standard
- ASCII text which can be displayed
- with most text viewing, editing and
- word processing programs or printed
- onto paper.
-
- .EXE - A small or large program which
- can often be run merely by typing
- it's name on the command line and
- pressing the [Enter] key.
-
- .GIF - A picture file.
-
- .ICO - An icon for a Windows
- program.
-
- .INI - Customized configuration
- information for use by a program.
- Has no function by itself.
-
- .OVR - An auxiliary file required
- by a DOS program. Has no function by
- itself.
-
- .PCX - A picture file.
-
- .TIF - A picture file.
-
- .TXT - A file containing standard
- ASCII text can be displayed with most
- text viewing, editing and word
- processing programs, or printed onto
- paper.
-
- .VOC - A sound file, usually
- digitized speech.
-
- .WAV - A sound file.
-
- BATCH FILES
-
- .BAT - A batch file. These can be
- run like programs, by simply typing
- the batch file name on the command
- line and pressing the [Enter] key. If
- examined with a text viewing program,
- batch files are found to contain
- ordinary text. In fact, they are
- commands to DOS, exactly as you would
- type them on the command line. Many
- batch files have several lines. Each
- line is executed by DOS as soon as
- the previous line is done. BATCH
- files are used to automate tasks
- which otherwise would require much
- typing. For instance to copy three
- files, then delete one of them and
- run another would look like this if
- you had to type it all on the command
- line:
-
- COPY C:\FIRST.DOC A:
- COPY C:\SECOND.TXT A:
- COPY C:\FIRST.EXE A:
- DEL C:\SECOND.TXT
- C:\FIRST
-
- However, it could be typed into a
- batch file just once, you could give
- the batch file any DOS-legal filename
- ending with .BAT, and then by simply
- typing the name of the file on the
- command line, all five operations
- will automatically occur.
-
- INSTRUCTION FILES
-
- Many new programs come with text
- files on their disks which you can
- view with a text viewing or word
- processing program. These contain
- instructions for using the program or
- are are last minute changes made
- after the program owner's manual was
- printed. They usually have names
- ending in .DOC or .TXT, or names such
- as:
-
- READ.ME
- README.1ST
- READ.NOW
-
- DIRECTORIES
-
- The structure of directory names is
- very similar to filenames. There is
- an 8 character limit. Extensions on
- directory names are rare, but
- possible. A directory name can have
- an extension of up to 3 more
- characters after the "dot." For more
- information on directories, see the
- Directory section.
-
- _____________________________________
- end of file.