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- BATCH FILES
-
- Batch files are files with a .BAT
- extension which have a special function with
- DOS. They contain one or more lines of text
- which are the same as commands you can type
- at the command line. When you type the name
- of a batch file at the command line, it's
- lines are executed by DOS just as if you
- typed them at the command line yourself.
-
- A simple use of a batch file is to replace
- a long typing job at the command line with a
- short one. Let's say you want to start a
- program called STARGAME.EXE which happens to
- be in a sub-directory called
- D:\GAMES\MYGAMES\STARGAME. Normally you would
- have to type:
-
- D:\GAMES\MYGAMES\STARGAME\STARGAME.EXE
-
- Instead, you can create a batch file
- with any text editor or word processor which
- works in standard ASCII text mode and call it
- SG.BAT. SG.BAT can contain a single line of
- text: D:\GAMES\MYGAMES\STARGAME\STARGAME.EXE.
-
- Now, to start STARGAME all you have to do is
- type SG.
-
- Going a step further, let's say that you
- have to switch to the sub-directory
- containing STARGAME before you can run it,
- because the game itself needs to access files
- in it's directory. And, perhaps you are
- logged to a different disk. Normally you
- would have to type three lines before you
- could play the game:
-
- D:
- CD \GAMES\MYGAMES\STARGAME
- STARGAME
-
- If you wrap these three lines up in a batch
- file called SG, then you'll only have to type
- SG to start your game.
-
- Many programs come with their own batch
- files to make your life easier. Instead of
- having to look over a long list of files
- which come with the main program, you can
- just look for a start-up batch file. Common
- batch file names are BEGIN.BAT, GO.BAT and
- START.BAT. Other likely names are the same
- name as the program, or the initials of the
- program, followed by .BAT.
- If you have a program which comes with a
- start-up batch file, it is best to use it,
- rather than running the program directly,
- because start-up batch files may contain
- auxiliary information which your program
- needs to start properly. For instance, it
- may run differently depending on whether it
- is installed on a hard disk or floppy disk.
- The proper way to start will be contained in
- the batch file.
-
- Batch files can run most DOS commands
- including COPY, DIR, DEL, and CD, RD and MD.
- You can use combinations of these to
- accomplish tasks you do often.
- It is common to use MD to create a
- directory, then immediately switch to that
- directory. I've made myself a little batch
- file called ZD.BAT. It contains:
-
- MD \%1
- CD \%1
-
- %1 represents a variable, it is whatever you
- type on the command line after the batch file
- name. In this case, it is a new directory
- name. So, if I wanted a new directory called
- \FROG, I could simply type:
-
- ZD FROG
-
- and my new directory will be created.
- (Notice I don't even have to type the
- backslash, since the batch file does that for
- me.
-
- In addition to using the %1 variable,
- there are 8 more, %2 through %9, each one
- will pick up the next successive word,
- filename or directory name you type at the
- command line. If you were to create a batch
- file containing these lines:
-
- COPY %1 A:
- COPY %2 A:
- COPY %3 A:
-
- Then you could type the batch file name,
- followed by three filenames (separated by
- spaces) and they would all be copied to a
- floppy disk in the A drive.
-
- There is also a %0, which refers to the
- batch file itself. You can use it for such
- operations as making a self-deleting batch
- file. A batch file for installing a new
- program is useful only once, so you can add
- the line:
-
- DEL %0
-
- to the end of the batch file, and it will
- disappear when it is done installing the
- program.
-
- Echo is a DOS command which will show
- whatever follows. So a batch file containing
- this line:
-
- ECHO Hello there!
-
- would display "Hello there!" when run.
-
- In a batch file containing other commands,
- your ECHO messages may not stay on the screen
- for very long, so you can use another DOS
- command called PAUSE, which will stop the
- batch file until the user presses any key.
-
- There is a DOS command called TYPE which
- will display up to a screenful of text at one
- time from any standard ASCII file. You can
- use this in batch files to display important
- information. Example:
-
- TYPE README.DOC
-
- AUTOEXEC.BAT
-
- There is a special batch file in the root
- directory of your hard disk called
- AUTOEXEC.BAT. When the computer is turned
- on, and DOS is loaded, it looks for this
- batch file. If found, it processes what it
- finds in AUTOEXEC.BAT right away. It is
- common for computers with Microsoft Windows
- installed to have an AUTOEXEC.BAT file
- containing the line WIN, to automatically
- start Windows everytime the computer is
- turned on.
-
- These basics will help you get started
- with batch files. There is much more to
- batch files, and whole books have been
- written about batch language programming.
- Special programs have also been written to
- extend the powers of batch files into
- processing math, asking for and processing
- user input, and displaying graphics.
-
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