ProfitPress Mega CDROM2 Shareware Freeware (MSDOS)(1992)(Eng)

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ ProfitPress Mega CDROM2 …eeware (MSDOS)(1992)(Eng) / ProfitPress-MegaCDROM2.B6I / UTILITY / PRINTER / 4PRINT41.ZIP / 4PRINT.DOC < prev next >

Wrap

Text File | 1991-08-20 | 248.7 KB | 5,618 lines

▄ TM █ █ █▀▀█ ▀ █ █▄▄█▄ █▄▄█ █▀▀█ █ █▀▀█ ▀█▀ █ █ █ █ █ █ █ ▀ ▀ ▀ ▀ ▀ ▀ ▀▀ For the HP LaserJet/DeskJet and compatible printers Version 4.0 Copyright 1991 by Korenthal Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved ┌─────────┐ ┌─────┴───┐ │ (R) ──│ │o │────────────────── │ ┌─────┴╨──┐ │ Association of │ │ │─┘ Shareware └───│ o │ Professionals ──────│ ║ │──────────────────── └────╨────┘ MEMBER ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Credits 4Print was written by James E. Korenthal, Lewis Horowitz, Steven E. Arnott, and Tracey M. Siesser. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Copyright Notice 4Print is Copyright 1991 by Korenthal Associates, Inc. All rights are reserved. This document is Copyright 1991 by Korenthal Associates, Inc. All rights are reserved. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Trademarks 4Print and Babble! are trademarks of Korenthal Associates, Inc. All trademarks and registered trademarks referenced within this document are the property of their respective holders. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Warranty Disclaimer KORENTHAL ASSOCIATES, INC. MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILI- TY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KORENTHAL ASSOCIATES, INC. DOES NOT ASSUME ANY LIABILITY FOR THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE BEYOND THE ORIGINAL PURCHASE PRICE OF THIS SOFTWARE. IN NO EVENT WILL KORENTHAL ASSOCIATES, INC. BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY ADDITIONAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY LOST PROFITS, LOST SAVINGS, OR OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE OF, OR INABILITY TO USE, THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF KORENTHAL ASSOCIATES, INC. HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4Print User's Guide i Table of Contents ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter One Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Printer Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 What's New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Using This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 DeskJet Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Chapter Two Paper Selection, Care, and Feeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Double-Sided Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Paper Curl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Chapter Three 4Print Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 The 4Print Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 The 4Print Environment Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Specifying Files To Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Chapter Four Page Formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Number of Columns: The -1, -2, -3, and -4 Switches . . . . . . 15 Initial Blank Page Handling: The -BP and -BP+ Options . . . . 18 Page Centering: The -CEN, -CENH, and -CENV Switches . . . . . 19 Formatted Documents: The -DOC Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Frame Styles: The -F<style> Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Column Selection And Line Formatting: The -FMT Option . . . . 23 Changing the Default Header: The -H Option . . . . . . . . . . 26 Indenting Lines: The -I Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Number of Lines Per Page: The -LPP Option . . . . . . . . . . 29 Maximum Throughput: The -MAX Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Numbering Lines: The -N and -NP Option . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 IBM-style Binders: The -RI Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Truncating Long Lines: The -T Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Overriding Title Placement: The -TT, -TB, and -TA Switches . . 32 Top Indent: The -TI Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Word Wrapping: The -WW, -WL, and -WP Switches . . . . . . . . 34 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ii 4Print User's Guide Compressing Blank Lines: The -XB Switch . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Compressing Form Feeds: The -XF Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Chapter Five Printer Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 A4 Paper Handling: The -A4 Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Duplex Printing (LJ IID/IIID): The -D Switch . . . . . . . . . 38 Printing on a DeskJet: The -DJ Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Duplex With Short Binding: The -DS Switch . . . . . . . . . . 39 Selective Printing by Side: The -F, -B, and -R Switches . . . 40 Paper Tray Selection: The -L and -LU Switches . . . . . . . . 40 Manual Feed: The -M Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Outputting to Other Devices or to a File: The -O Option . . . 41 Selective Printing by Page: The -P Option . . . . . . . . . . 42 Quick Printing: The -Q Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Single-sided Documents: The -S Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Unattended Mode: The -U Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Vertical Compression: The -VC Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Vertical Expansion: The -VE Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Multiple Copies: The -X Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Chapter Six Fonts and Control Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Downloaded Fonts: The -# Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Full Font Selection: The -[ Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Carriage Returns (Imported Files): The -C Switch . . . . . . . 49 Escape Code Processing: The -E Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Mainframe Carriage Control: The -MF Switch . . . . . . . . . . 50 Proportional Font Support: The -PR Switch . . . . . . . . . . 51 Using a Squashed Font: The -SQ Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Non-standard Tabs: The -TAB Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Downloaded Tiny Fonts: The -T# Option . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Full Tiny Font Selection: The -T[ Option . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Using the Internal Tiny Font: The -TINY Option . . . . . . . . 53 WordStar (tm) Files: The -W Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Bypassing End Of File Characters: The -Z Switch . . . . . . . 56 Chapter Seven 4Print Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4Print for Programmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4Print for Database Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4Print for Spreadsheet Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4Print for Word Processor Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Creating Documents for IBM-Style Binders . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Appendix A Trouble-Shooting Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Appendix B Network Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Appendix C Changing 4Print's Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Table of Contents iii Appendix D About Korenthal Associates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Appendix E License Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 The Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP) . . . . . . . 81 Registration Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Limited Distribution License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Please Help Us Serve You Better . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── iv 4Print User's Guide Chapter One ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Introduction 4Print is an HP LaserJet/DeskJet utility which prints four or more pages of text on one sheet of paper by printing on both sides in landscape mode. The program has four main purposes: 1. 4Print saves paper by printing title lines plus four 66-line, 80-column pages on a single sheet of paper (front and back). Even more paper can be saved when 4Print uses a very small font to print six full pages on a single sheet. 2. 4Print helps analysts, programmers, and documenters by printing spreadsheets, program listings, and documents which are too wide to fit on a normal page. 3. 4Print helps programmers maintain source code by automatically documenting a program listing's file name, date, time, and page count; by allowing four pages (264 lines) of contiguous code to be visible at once in an open three-ring binder (up to 528 lines visible if the tiny font is used); and by printing multiple source files in a single invocation. 4. 4Print helps anyone who prints other people's documentation by formatting based on a true 66-line page (the LaserJet normally formats to 60 lines), and by correctly handling tabs, form feeds, end of file characters, backspaces, overstriking, boldfacing, and underlining in the text. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Printer Compatibility 4Print may be used successfully with any HP LaserJet or compatible printer equipped with a small, fixed pitch landscape font. These include the Series II (using the internal line printer font), the LaserJet or LaserJet+ with an A, B, C, L, V, Y, or Z font cartridge, or any printer with HP's 33411DA or 33412DA soft font. See the sec- tions describing the "-#" and "-[" options in Chapter Six for more detailed information. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter One: Introduction 1 See the "What's New" section below for additional printers supported in Version 4, including the HP DeskJet, DeskJet Plus and 500, and the LaserJet IID, IIP, III, and IIID. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── What's New Version 4.0 adds full DeskJet support (the "-dj" option), specific A4 paper support (the "-a4" option), vertical image compression and expansion to handle a wider variety of close compatibles, variable number of lines per page (from 20 to 100+), document vertical indent- ing, centering, and "smushing," and the ability to print three or four columns on a landscape page (previous versions were restricted to one or two columns). Three word wrapping options (including a special "programmer's wrap") were added, bringing the total number of line termination options to six. New line formatting (the "-fmt" option) allows arbitrary charac- ter positions to be selected, transposed, and interspersed with any text. Initial blank pages may optionally be suppressed or added (the "-bp" and "-bp+" switches), and mainframe ("Fortran-style") carriage control is included (the "-mf" switch). The built-in "-tiny" font for LaserJets has been improved, and six shareware soft fonts are included (four for LaserJets and two for DeskJets) which can enhance your 4Print output. New options are available to specify that these soft fonts or your own soft or cartridge-based fonts be selected for normal or "-tiny" printing. Two tray selection options make life easier by telling 4Print to use a printer's lower paper tray, or to use the lower tray for the front side and the upper tray for the back of the document. (This latter option is especially useful to LaserJet IIP owners.) On duplex print- ers, you can "short bind" listings, allowing four or six full pages to be viewed side by side. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Using This Manual This manual was designed to provide clear, detailed instructions on how to take best advantage of 4Print's many options. Examples of 4Print's usage are always provided, and diagrams help both to illus- trate the text and to draw you into exploring some of 4Print's more esoteric features. A few quick words on conventions used in this manual: keystrokes are presented either between angle brackets (as in <Enter> for the key labeled "Enter", or sometimes "Return"), or as a character within quotes ("M" means to press the "M" or "m" key). DOS commands, file names and paths may be entered in upper or lower case; so, too, may page titles (headings). For maximum readability, all commands and ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 2 4Print User's Guide arguments are presented in lower case; the exception is the letter "L". Whenever an "L" is required, the manual shifts into upper case to distinguish the lower case "l" from the digit "1". (Both "-1" and "-L" are valid 4Print options.) The manual contains many diagrams illustrating 4Print's options. Sometimes a diagram represents one 4Print page; sometimes it repre- sents two pages within a three-ring binder. For example: ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ █ ┌───────────────────┐ █ ┌───────────────────┐ █ │ │ │ █ │ │ │ █ │ │ │ █ │ │ │ █ │ │ │ █ │ │ │ █ │ │ │ █ │ │ │ █ │ o o o │ █ │ o o o │ █ ╞═(══════(══════(═══╡ █ ╞═(══════(══════(═══╡ █ │ o o o │ █ │ o o o │ █ │ │ │ █ │ │ │ █ │ │ │ █ │ │ │ █ │ │ │ █ │ │ │ █ │ │ │ █ │ │ │ █ └───────────────────┘ █ └───────────────────┘ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Printed pages turned sideways, hole-punched and stored in a 3-ring binder ┌─────────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────┐ │ xxx │ xxxx │ │ Name Addr Zip Phone │ │ xxxx │ xxxxx │ │ ─────────────────── │ │ xxx │ xxx │ │ xxx xxxx xxx xxxxx │ │ xxxxxx │ xxxx │ │ xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx │ │ xxxx │ xx │ │ xxx xxx xxx xxxxx │ │ xxxxxx │ xxx │ │ xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx │ └─────────────────────┘ └─────────────────────┘ Single 4Printed page Single 4Printed page with 2 columns with 1 wide column ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┬── │o │ │ xxxxx xx │ │ │ │ xxx xxx │ │ │ │ xxxxxx xx│ │o │ │ xx xxxxx│ │ │ │ xxxx xxx │ │ │ │ xxxxxx xx│ │o │ └──────────┴─ └──────────┘ Lefthand column on Piece of paper, hole-punched a 4Printed page and held lengthwise (portrait) ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter One: Introduction 3 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Installation The first thing to do is place the 4Print distribution disk in drive A and, at the DOS prompt, type: C>a:readme The "readme" program will tell you if any installation instructions have changed since this manual was printed, and will inform you of program changes or other things we may be providing with the 4Print package. Now, create a subdirectory for 4Print and copy all of the files from the distribution disk to the new directory: C>md \4print C>cd \4print C>copy a:*.* To access 4Print from any drive or subdirectory on your computer, you need to add the 4Print subdirectory to your DOS search path. Type "path" at the DOS prompt to see your current path, and add 4Print to it like this: C>path PATH=C:\DOS33;C:\MYPROGS (for example) C>path c:\dos33;c:\myprogs;c:\4print ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Tip For Advanced Users: You only need the file 4PRINT.EXE to │█ │ use 4Print. Instead of changing your path to include the │█ │ 4Print subdirectory, you can simply copy 4PRINT.EXE to any │█ │ directory in your search path. │█ │ │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Quick Start To get started with 4Print, type the following at the DOS prompt: C>4print The program will provide a summary of its many options. 4Print is a very "rich" program, though, so we suggest you read this User's Guide first in order to enjoy the full benefits of 4Print's advanced fea- tures. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4 4Print User's Guide The best thing to do first is to 4Print any ASCII file single-sided to get a feel for the program. To print the README.DOC file that comes on the 4Print distribution disk, for instance, type: C>4print readme.doc -s or C>4print readme.doc -dj -s if you are using a DeskJet. Next, you might try double sided printing: C>4print readme.doc or C>4print readme.doc -d if you are using a IID or IIID. or C>4print readme.doc -dj if you are using a DeskJet. Unless you are using a duplex printer (IID or IIID), the program will pause after it prints the front side and ask you to reinsert the paper in the paper tray (or manually if you include the "-m" switch) to print the reverse side. 4Print has many advanced formatting and paper handling features. For example, you might try three column, "maximum output" mode: C>4print readme.doc -max or C>4print readme.doc -max -d if you are using a IID or IIID. or C>4print readme.doc -max -dj if you are using a DeskJet. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── DeskJet Users 4Print has special handling for the HP DeskJet, DeskJet Plus, and DeskJet 500. If you are using any of these printers, you *must* specify the "-dj" switch every time you run 4Print. Alternatively, you may put "set 4print=-dj" (don't forget the dash after the equals sign) in your AUTOEXEC.BAT; then you can omit the "-dj" switch from your subsequent 4Print runs. No special font is required to use 4Print with the DeskJet, but if you have the original model (not Plus or 500), your printer must be equipped with the optional landscape cartridge. In addition, the original model DeskJet does not accept landscape soft fonts, so you may not use the shareware fonts described in Chapter Six. Note that DeskJet Plus and 500 printers require a 128K or 256K RAM cartridge in order to use soft fonts. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter One: Introduction 5 Chapter Two ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Paper Selection, Care, and Feeding 4Print was originally designed as an in-house programmer's utility to save paper and maximize the amount of source code visible in a minimal amount of desk space. Since program listings comprise the bulk of Korenthal Associates' hard copy needs, we generally load our laser printer with letter-size paper that's been pre-punched for a three-ring binder. ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ █ ┌────────┬────────┐ █ █ │ │ │ █ By turning the page sideways, █ │ │ │ █ printing on both sides, and █ │ page 1 │ page 2 │ █ then storing the output in a █ │ │ │ █ three-ring binder, you can █ │ o o o │ █ comfortably view 4 pages of █ ╞(══════(══════(══╡ █ information at one time. █ │ o o o │ █ █ │ │ │ █ You can also print three across █ │ page 3 │ page 4 │ █ to view 6 full (80-character) █ │ │ │ █ pages of text, and four across █ │ │ │ █ of up to 58 characters per line. █ └────────┴────────┘ █ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ If it's not convenient to load pre-punched paper for 4Print jobs, you can force 4Print into manual feed for the entire output (see the "4Print Operation" section in Chapter Three), or you can print on unholed paper and punch holes yourself. However, double check your first printout; some greedy hole punches might gobble a character or two from the 66th line of the reverse sides. If this occurs, either save all the punched holes for archival purposes, or get a better hole punch. The remainder of this chapter deals with printing on the reverse side of the paper. If you use 4Print exclusively with the "-s" (single- side) or "-d" (auto duplex) switch, feel free to skip to the next chapter. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6 4Print User's Guide ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Double-Sided Printing 4Print assumes your printer will stack pages in REVERSE ORDER (true of HP LaserJets and LaserJet+'s, and of Series II and III using the rear output tray). If your printer can't stack pages in reverse (or if you forget to open the rear output tray, as we often do), your sheets will be in the wrong order after the front side is printed. To solve this problem, reverse the sheets before replacing them in the paper tray, or use manual feed (see the "-m" switch in Chapter Five) and "deal from the bottom of the deck" when inserting sheets to print the reverse side. A future version of 4Print might address this problem (by optionally printing the reverse side from last sheet to first). Please let us know if this would make a major difference to you. There are two ways to reinsert the sheets and print the reverse sides; one results in "long binding", which produces output suitable for a standard three-ring binder, and the other results in "short binding", suitable for "ledger" binders or other means of binding on the left hand side of the page. Note that sheets produced for long binding have their reverse sides upside down from their fronts, while short binding sheets have their fronts and reverses both right side up. ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ █ ┌─────────────────┐ █ █ │ │ │ █ █ │ │ │ █ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ █ │ page 1 │ page 2 │ █ █ ┌──────────────╥──────────────┐ █ █ │ │ │ █ █ │ │ o─o │ │ █ █ │ o o o │ █ █ │ │ ║ │ │ █ █ ╞(══════(══════(══╡ █ █ │ pg 1 │ pg 2 o─o pg 3 │ pg 4 │ █ █ │ o o o │ █ █ │ │ ║ │ │ █ █ │ │ │ █ █ │ │ o─o │ │ █ █ │ page 3 │ page 4 │ █ █ └──────────────╨──────────────┘ █ █ │ │ │ █ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ █ │ │ │ █ █ └─────────────────┘ █ Short Binding ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Long Binding ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Two: Paper Selection, Care, and Feeding 7 Long binding: When you flip the paper to print the reverse side, the "top" of the sheet is still fed in first. This means, for example, that pre-punched paper would be fed with the holes facing LEFT for the front side (as you face the printer), and with the holes facing RIGHT for the reverse side. The fact that the same edge of the paper is fed in twice will bring us to the topic of "Paper Curl" in the next section. feed printer feed printer ┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐ │o top │ To print front side, │ top o│ │ │ feed paper front side up, │ │ │ │ with holes on LEFT. │ │ │ │ │ │ │o │ To print reverse side, │ o│ │ │ flip the paper over on its │ │ │ │ vertical axis so that │ │ │ │ blank side is facing up │ │ │o │ and holes are on RIGHT. │ o│ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ Short binding: Flip the paper over along its longer side. In other words, while with long binding you turn the paper over sideways, for short binding you turn it over top to bottom. If you have pre-punched holes for a ledger binder, the paper would be fed with the holes on the BOTTOM for the front side, and with the holes on the TOP for the reverse side. Since the same top edge of the paper is *not* fed in twice with short binding, we avoid the problem of paper curl. feed printer feed printer ┌─────────┐ ┌─────────┐ │ top │ To print front side, │o o o│ │ │ feed paper front side up, │ │ │ │ with holes on BOTTOM. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ To print reverse side, │ │ │ │ flip the paper over on its │ │ │ │ horizontal axis so that │ │ │ │ blank side is facing up │ │ │o o o│ and holes are on TOP. │ │ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8 4Print User's Guide ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Paper Curl Laser printers tend to introduce a slight bend on the top of printed sheets, known as "paper curl." When the sheets are reinserted to print the reverse side, too large a curl could cause imperfect print- ing; in severe cases, the paper may jam. This tends to occur when the printer is running "hot," i.e., many pages are being printed at once. You might want to select a paper with low water content to minimize curling. Here's one way to minimize paper curl if it becomes a problem: take the paper after the front side has been printed, hold it printed side up, and stick a scrap sheet (as a "buffer") underneath. Now place the paper (printed side up) on a desk like this: │ │ Place your hand or a book over │ DESK │ the entire curl, press reason- │ ┌─C─U─R─L─┐ │ ably hard, and run the stack │ │o │ │ off the edge of the desk. └────────┤ ├────────┘ Once you've mastered the tech- │ │ nique, the "buffer page" will │o │ be sharply curled in the oppo- │ │ site direction of the original │ │ curl, and your printout will │o │ be uncurled and ready to print └─────────┘ the reverse side. Don't for- get to discard the buffer page Hold paper printed side up (or save it for your next un- with scrap sheet underneath. curling) before feeding the paper back into the printer. (Another technique for dealing with curling surfaces involves two guys on ice with whisk brooms...but that's beyond the scope of this docu- mentation.) Notice that 4Print has a special option (see the "-p" option in Chapter Five) to reprint pages which were munged due to paper curl. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Two: Paper Selection, Care, and Feeding 9 Chapter Three ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4Print Operation 4Print does its work in three passes over the file (or files) to be printed. The first pass scans the files to determine the maximum page number and horizontal and vertical centering requirements (this pass may be eliminated via the "-q" switch; see Chapter Five). The next two passes print the front and reverse sides of the document, respec- tively. Note that the reverse side printing pass doesn't occur when the "-s" or "-d" switch is used or when you are printing a single document which fits on the front of a single sheet of paper. After the scan pass is complete, you are prompted to press <Enter> to print the front side (unless you use the "-u" switch; see Chapter Five). If you have an HP Series II or other printer with a rear output tray, make sure the tray is open, if possible. At the "Press Enter" prompt, you can press the following keys: 1. Press <Enter> to print the front side. 2. Press "M" to force the printer into manual feed mode. Unlike the "-m" switch (which puts the printer into manual feed mode for the reverse side only), pressing "M" here will allow you to use manual feed for the entire print job. 3. Press "C" if you mistakenly used the "-m" switch (possibly because you underestimated the number of pages in the document). 4Print will override the switch and use cassette feed later, when the reverse side is printed. 4. Press <Esc> (or <Ctrl-C> or <Ctrl-Break>) to cancel the 4Print job and return to DOS. When the front side finishes printing, 4Print exits to DOS if you used the "-s" switch or if you are printing a single file with only one page. Otherwise, you are prompted to press <Enter> to print the reverse side. Uncurl the pages if necessary and flip the stack according to the instructions given under Paper Selection, Care, and Feeding. Unless you're using manual feed, reinsert the pages into the paper cassette. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 10 4Print User's Guide Note that this version of 4Print assumes your printer stacks pages in reverse order. If your pages don't stack in reverse, either reverse the pages yourself before reloading the paper cassette, or use the "-m" switch and insert the pages into the manual feeder in reverse order. At the "Press Enter" prompt, you can press the following keys: 1. Press <Enter> to print the reverse side. 2. Press "M" to immediately force the printer into manual feed mode. If you overestimated the number of pages to be printed and don't want to bother reloading the paper tray, pressing "M" here will have the same effect as if you had used the "-m" switch on the original command line. 3. Press "C" to override an incorrect "-m" switch on the command line, or to force the printer back into cassette feed mode if you pressed "M" in response to the prompt before the first side was printed. 4. Press <Esc> (or <Ctrl-C> or <Ctrl-Break>) to cancel reverse side printing and return to DOS. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── The 4Print Command Line Type "4print" alone to display a help screen similar to the one on the next page. You can follow the 4Print command with any number of file specifica- tions ("filespecs") or options (also known as "switches") in any order. Thus, the following command lines are equivalent: C>4print myfile -m -u C>4print myfile -u -m C>4print -m -u myfile C>4print -m myfile -u 4Print options are global in the sense that any given option refers to all filespecs in the command line, regardless of position. This com- mand line would print both files "alpha" and "beta" using manual feed: C>4print alpha -m beta Options (or filespecs, for that matter) may be typed in upper or lower case. Following UNIX conventions, any toggle switch may be reversed in meaning by appending a dash. For example, "-m-" is the reverse of "-m" and thus explicitly specifies the default of cassette ("non- manual") feed. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Three: 4Print Operation 11 ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │4PRINT Ver 4.00-R The HP LaserJet/DeskJet Landscape Printing Program│ │Copyright 1991 by Korenthal Associates, Inc. [Dist: #4PR-REG400]│ │ │ │Type 4PRINT followed by files or wildcards with these options: │ ╔════════════════╤════════════════╤════════════════╤═════════════════╗ ║-1 -2 Number of│-fmt@[,@...] Lin│-q Quick print│-wp Program wrap║ ║-3 -4 columns │ format, @=col│-ri# Right indnt│-ww Word wrap ║ ║-a4 A4 paper │ col or "text"│-s Single side│-x# # of copies ║ ║-b Back only │-h.. Page header│-sq Squash font│-xb Squish blnks║ ║-bp Blank pg ok│-i# Left indent│-t Truncate │-xf Squish FF's ║ ║-bp+ Add blnk pg│-L Lower tray │-ta, -tb, -tt │-z Ignore EOF's║ ║-c CR=new line│-Lu Lower/upper│ Title placemnt│-#n Soft font #n║ ║-cen Center text│-Lpp# Lines/page│ Alt,Bottom,Top│-t#n " for -tiny║ ║-d Duplex mode│-m Manual feed│-tab# spaces/tab│-[.. Select font ║ ║-dj **DeskJet**│-max Max text │-ti Top indent│-t[.. " for -tiny║ ║-doc Doc format │-mf Mainf'me cc│-tiny Tiny font │"6Printed" docs: ║ ║-ds Dupl. short│-n[#] Line #'s │-u Unattended │ -3 -doc ║ ║-e Escapes ok │-np Num each pg│-vc Vert comprss│Wide spreadsheets║ ║-f Front only │-o.. Output to..│-ve Vert expand │ -1 -tiny -sq ║ ║-ft T-frame/see│-p#-# Page range│-w WordStar fil│Order information║ ║-f0 No frm \doc│-pr Proportionl│-wl Wrap to left│ 4print -info ║ ╚════════════════╧════════════════╧════════════════╧═════════════════╝ │ Order from: Korenthal Associates, 230 W 13th St., NY NY 10011 │ └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ The 4Print Help Screen If you prefer the PC- or MS-DOS conventions, you can use a slash in- stead of a dash to specify an option. Thus, "/p18-20" is equivalent to "-p18-20". Options and filespecs on the command line must be surrounded by spaces, and options may not be combined with a single dash or slash. For example, "-mu" and "-m-u" refer to file names, not options. If you want to specify "manual" and "unattended" modes, use "-m -u". 4Print will process files in the order in which their names or file- specs appear on the command line. Within a given filespec, files will be processed in the same order as would be displayed by the DOS direc- tory command. 4Print will display the help screen unless it sees at least one file name or specification. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── The 4Print Environment Variable You may specify any or all 4Print options in the DOS Environment instead of (or in addition to) the 4Print command line. 4Print will consider any information found in the "4PRINT" Environment variable as if it were attached to the BEGINNING of the command line. You can set the 4Print environment variable in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file if there are certain options you always want to use with 4Print. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12 4Print User's Guide For example, suppose you typed this command (or put the command in your AUTOEXEC) any time before you invoked 4Print: C>set 4print=-d Note that there CANNOT be a space after the word "4print" or after the equals sign, and that there is a dash in the "-d", just as if it were on the 4Print command line. Given the above environment setting, any subsequent 4Print run would always assume a duplex printer is being used. Note that the environment variable is NOT the same as setting options with DEBUG or with the KAZAP program. You cannot override an environ- ment option on the command line, for instance (you'll get an "incom- patible options" message if you try). Another point to be made is that if you specify an illegal option in the environment, 4Print will think you are making an error (and will probably say "bad option specified") on EVERY subsequent invocation. You can type "set" on the DOS command line (with no arguments) to see your current environment settings (and thus determine if you've set a bad 4Print option in the environment). ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Specifying Files To Print The following 4Print command line examples show how you can specify which files or groups of files are to be printed. C>4print myfile The file named "myfile" in the current directory is scanned for a maximum page number. You are then prompted to press <Enter>, whereupon the front side is printed. You then (possibly uncurl and) reverse the sheets, replace them in the paper cassette, and press <Enter> again. The reverse side is then printed and 4Print exits to DOS. C>4print alpha beta Files "alpha" and "beta" are scanned. You press <Enter>, where- upon the front side is printed for both files. Press <Enter> again, and the reverse side is printed for both files. C>4print *.c All your C source files in the current directory are scanned, then printed as above. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Three: 4Print Operation 13 C>4print *.h *.c notes 4Print prints all your header files, all your C files, and the single file called "notes" in the current directory. C>4print a: All the files on drive A will be printed (this is equivalent to "4print a:*.*"). C>4print \letters\ All the files in subdirectory "\letters" on the current drive will be printed (this is equivalent to "4print \letters\*.*"). C>4print abc-m The file "abc-m" will be printed. Note that this is not the same as "4print abc -m", which would specify file "abc" and the "-m" switch. C>4print -read.me The file "-read.me" will be printed. Even though "-r" is a valid switch, it is followed by a non-space, so "-read.me" is inter- preted as a file name. C>4print -m This is ILLEGAL, since -m is a valid 4Print switch. The 4Print help screen will be displayed. C>4print -m. The file "-m" (with no extension) will be printed (see "-read.me" above). ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 14 4Print User's Guide Chapter Four ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Page Formatting 4Print contains a wealth of options to format your documents in as attractive and useful a way as possible. You can select 1-4 columns per page; choose frames, titles and fonts; center text on the page or cram in as much information as possible; indent text, number lines, word wrap; print selected pages; even print only selected columns of information from your document...the list goes on. The next several chapters are devoted to describing and illustrating these options to help you take full advantage of 4Print's power and flexibility. Feel free to explore 4Print at your own pace - there are a *lot* of options, and you won't need most of them to get started. You can make effective use of 4Print just using its built-in defaults, though depending on your needs, you might want to look into the following options right away: -a4 A4 Paper Handling -d Duplex Printing (for LaserJet IID and IIID) -dj Printing on a DeskJet -m Manual Feed -o Outputting to Other Devices Information about option specification and its relation to file spec- ification may be found in Chapter Three under "The 4Print Command Line". This chapter describes 4Print's page formatting functions, including setting the number of columns on the page, choosing a frame, specify- ing header text and placement, page centering, indenting, word wrap, line numbering, printing selected columns of text, setting the number of lines per page, and compressing blank lines and page breaks. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Number of Columns: The -1, -2, -3, and -4 Switches 4Print was originally designed to print exactly two columns ("page images") on a landscape page. Version 3 introduced the "-wide" option to print wide spreadsheets and documents with more characters across ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Four: Page Formatting 15 in a single "column". Now, with version 4, you can print from one to four columns per landscape page. For consistency, "-wide" has been renamed to "-1" (but the program still accepts "-wide" as a synonym for "-1"). ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ █ ┌────────┬────────┐ █ █ ┌─────┬─────┬─────┐ █ █ │ │ │ █ █ │ │ │ │ █ █ │ │ │ █ █ │ page│ page│ page│ █ █ │ page 1 │ page 2 │ █ █ │ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │ █ █ │ │ │ █ █ │ │ │ │ █ █ │ o o o │ █ █ │ o │ o │ o│ █ █ ╞(══════(══════(══╡ █ █ ╞(══════(═══════(═╡ █ █ │ o o o │ █ █ │ o │ o │ o│ █ █ │ │ │ █ █ │ │ │ │ █ █ │ page 3 │ page 4 │ █ █ │ page│ page│ page│ █ █ │ │ │ █ █ │ 4 │ 5 │ 6 │ █ █ │ │ │ █ █ │ │ │ │ █ █ └────────┴────────┘ █ █ └─────┴─────┴─────┘ █ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Two Columns: "4Print" Three Columns: "6Print" ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ █ ┌─────────────────┐ █ █ ┌───┬───┬───┬────┐ █ █ │ │ █ █ │ │ │ │ │ █ █ │ │ █ █ │col│col│col│col │ █ █ │ page 1 │ █ █ │ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │ 4 │ █ █ │ │ █ █ │ │ │ │ │ █ █ │ o o o │ █ █ │ o │ o │ o │ █ █ ╞(══════(══════(══╡ █ █ ╞(═════(══════(══╡ █ █ │ o o o │ █ █ │ o │ o │ o │ █ █ │ │ █ █ │ │ │ │ │ █ █ │ page 2 │ █ █ │col│col│col│col │ █ █ │ │ █ █ │ 5 │ 6 │ 7 │ 8 │ █ █ │ │ █ █ │ │ │ │ │ █ █ └─────────────────┘ █ █ └───┴───┴───┴────┘ █ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ One Wide Column Four Narrow Columns Here are some usage examples: C>4print myfile -1 The file will be printed in a single column across the landscape page. A maximum of 165 characters (see table on next page) will be printed in each column before lines gets wrapped or truncated. This is the same as typing "4print myfile -wide" in 4Print 3.x. Note that in the above example, "myfile" might be a wide spreadsheet which was printed to disk in ASCII format. (See "4Print for Spread- sheet Users in Chapter Seven." ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 16 4Print User's Guide ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐ When you specify │Columns Normal Squashed Tiny Tiny/Squashed│ "-1", 4Print uses │──────────────────────────────────────────────│ whatever frame │ 1 165 177 230 242 │ style you've speci- │ 2 80 86 110 116 │ fied, but removes │ 3 55 59 76 80 │ the vertical center │ 4 40 43 55 58 │ line to combine the └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘ entire page into a Maximum # characters/line in each layout single column. C>4print myfile -2 ┌──────────────────────────┐ │Characters 4Print │ The file will be printed in two │ Across Options │ columns across the landscape │──────────────────────────│ page, allowing a maximum of 80 │ 40 -4 │ characters (see table) per col- │ 43 -4 -sq │ umn. This is the default, so the │ 55 -3 │ command is the same as simply │ 55 -4 -tiny │ typing "4print myfile". │ 58 -4 -tiny -sq │ │ 59 -3 -sq │ C>4print myfile -3 │ 76 -3 -tiny │ │ 80 -2 │ The file will be printed in three │ 80 -3 -tiny -sq │ columns across the landscape │ 86 -2 -sq │ page, allowing a maximum of 55 │ 110 -2 -tiny │ characters (see table) in each │ 116 -2 -tiny -sq │ column. │ 165 -1 │ │ 177 -1 -sq │ C>4print myfile -4 │ 230 -1 -tiny │ │ 242 -1 -tiny -sq │ The file will be printed in four └──────────────────────────┘ columns across the landscape 4Print options to specify page, allowing a maximum of 40 for # of characters across characters (see table) in each column. The frames printed for the "-3" and "-4" options include vertical lines between each column. These lines are considered together as a "center line" when 4Print decides which lines of the frame to print. For example, "-ft" (a "T-frame") would include the top line and all vertical lines between columns in three- and four-column mode. You can get more characters on each line than the number stated above by using the "-sq" switch to horizontally "squash" the normal font, the "-tiny" option to print in a smaller font, or both "-tiny" and "-sq" to use a "squashed" version of the tiny font. The accompanying tables show the maximum number of characters which may be printed on a line in each column using various options. See the tiny font and squashed font sections in Chapter Six for more information about the use of these features. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Four: Page Formatting 17 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Initial Blank Page Handling: The -BP and -BP+ Options Many ASCII documents, including Microsoft Assembler listing files and documentation obtained from public Bulletin Boards, start with an initial form feed in order to ensure that the printer is at the begin- ning of a page before starting to print the document. In 4Print, this initial form feed is not necessary, and in fact previous versions of the program would print such documents starting in the right hand "column" of the page. Starting with this version, 4Print pre-scans the document for an initial blank page (defined as any number of spaces, tabs, carriage returns or line feeds followed by a form feed) and ignores this first blank page when printing the document. Note that 4Print will not sup- press more than a single initial blank page, nor will a blank page be suppressed if it doesn't contain an explicit form feed character (or a "1" as the first character of the file if the "-mf" switch is used). ┌───────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ xxxxxxxxx │ xxxxxxxxx │ │ xxx │ xxxxxxxxx │ │ xxxxxxxxx │ xxxx │ │ xxxxxxxxx │ xxxxxxx │ │ xxxxx │ xxxxxxxxx │ │ xxxxxxxxx │ xxxxx │ │ xxxxxxx │ xxxxxxxxx │ │ xxxxx │ xxxxxxxxx │ │ xxxxxxxxx │ xxxx │ │ xxxxxxxxx │ xxxxxxx │ │ xxxxxxxxx │ xxxxxxx │ │ xxxxx │ xxxxxxxxx │ │ ───────── │ ───────── │ │ ───────── │ ───────── │ │ Guide 1 │ 2 Babble! │ │ Guide 3 │ 4 Babble! │ └───────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘ Manual printed without "-bp+" option: notice how page numbers are against the inner margins. ┌───────────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────────┐ │ │ xxxxxxxxx │ │ xxxxxxxxx │ xxx │ │ │ xxxxxxxxx │ │ xxxx │ xxxxxxxxx │ │ │ xxxxx │ │ xxxxxxxxx │ xxxxxxxxx │ │ │ xxxxxxx │ │ xxxxxxxxx │ xxxxx │ │ │ xxxxxxxxx │ │ xxxx │ xxxxxxxxx │ │ │ xxxxxxxxx │ │ xxxxxxx │ xxxxx │ │ │ ───────── │ │ ───────── │ ───────── │ │ │ Guide 1 │ │ 2 Babble! │ Guide 3 │ └───────────────────────┘ └───────────────────────┘ Manual printed with "-bp+" preserves "facing pages": odd-numbered pages are on the right, and page numbers are on the outside corners. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 18 4Print User's Guide If for some reason there is an initial blank page in your document and you *don't* want it to be suppressed, use this option: C>4print myfile -bp The initial blank page won't be suppressed. Note that although we've never made a big deal about it in our docu- mentation, 4Print has always tried to save paper by suppressing blank pages at the *end* of a document, whether they're due to trailing form feeds or multiple blank lines. This feature remains in the program, and will not be turned off even if the "-bp" switch is used. Under certain circumstances, you may wish to *force* an extra blank page to be printed at the beginning of your document. For example, if you are 4Printing ASCII documentation and you want the first page to appear in the right column to preserve facing pages as they would appear in a book, you could do this: C>4print myfile -doc -bp+ The document will be word wrapped and centered in each column (see the section describing the "-doc" switch below) and an initial blank page will be forced. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Page Centering: The -CEN, -CENH, and -CENV Switches You can ask 4Print to center your document on the page either horizon- tally, vertically, or both horizontally and vertically: ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ C>4print myfile -cen │xxx │ │ │ xxx │ │ │xx │ │ │ xx │ │ The file will be centered │xxx │ │ │ xxx │ │ on the page. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ C>4print myfile -cenh └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ Uncentered Horizontally The file will be horizon- tally centered only. ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ C>4print myfile -cenv │xxx │ │ │ xxx │ │ │xx │ │ │ xx │ │ The file will be verti- │xxx │ │ │ xxx │ │ cally centered only. │ │ │ │ │ │ └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ There are some important Vertically Horizontally and considerations when using Vertically the centering switches. First of all, 4Print *must* be allowed to scan the docu- ment in order to compute the correct horizontal and vertical indenta- ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Four: Page Formatting 19 tion necessary for centering. If you specify the "-q" switch (for "Quick print"), centering will be suppressed. Also, the centering indentation calculations are based on the tallest (for vertical) and widest (for horizontal) page in the entire 4Print scan pass. This means that if you are printing multiple documents in a single run, some documents in that run may be centered based on the page layout of other documents in that run. Normally this does not present a problem, but if exact centering is required for a particular document, 4Print that document on its own command line. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Formatted Documents: The -DOC Switch A certain combination of 4Print options works well when 4Printing either formatted or unformatted ASCII documentation. We've provided the "-doc" switch as a shortcut for this group of options. Please refer to the relevant sections of this manual for more detailed information about the options automatically set by "-doc". If you're printing a document in the default two columns, you probably want to specify "-cen" (to center the document horizontally and vertically) and "-ww" (to word wrap long lines). Simply say: C>4print myfile -doc The file will be printed with centering and word wrapping on. Centering and word wrapping are also automatically turned on by "-doc" if you print in a single column or in four columns. Using "-doc" with three columns is handled specially, because 4Print is capable of printing an entire 80 columns across a column in three-column mode. In order to do this, the squashed version of the tiny font must be used, and the line spacing is automatically adjusted for maximum readability of the tiny font: C>4print myfile -3 -doc The file will be printed in three-column document mode (also known as "6Print mode"). C>4print myfile -3 -cen -ww -lpp80 -tiny -sq This command is equivalent to the one above. Note that you can add other options to "-doc", the same as you might with any other option: C>4print myfile -s -doc The file will be printed as a single-sided document. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 20 4Print User's Guide ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Frame Styles: The -F<style> Switch 4Print normally prints a full frame around each printed page. The frame consists of lines at the top, bottom, left, center, and right sides of the page. You can use the "-f<style>" switch (not to be confused with the simple "-f" switch) to change the frame style which 4Print uses. The easiest way to use this switch is to specify one of the "canned" frame styles that 4Print provides, as in the following: C>4print myfile -ft The document will be printed using the "T" frame style. Each of the provided styles is specified as a single letter (which may be in upper or lower case) or symbol. A complete table follows: ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Symbol Frame Style │ │─────────────────────────────────────────────────────│ │ F Full frame (the default) │ │ N (or 0) No frame lines at all │ │ T "T" frame (title and center lines) │ │ I "I" frame (top, bottom, and center) │ │ ! Center line only │ │ - Title line only │ │ = Top and bottom lines │ │ O (the letter) Full frame, but no center line │ │ M (or W) Title line, left, center, and right │ │ U Title line, left, and center │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ If you want to be even more creative, you can specify a 5-letter "control" string to design a custom frame. The letters in the string control the top, bottom, left, center, and right line of the custom frame, respectively. The codes may be given in upper or lower case, and are: ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Code Meaning │ │───────────────────────────────────────────────────│ │ A Always print the corresponding line. │ │ N Never print the corresponding line. │ │ T "Track" the title (print the line only if │ │ the title will appear next to this line). │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ The "T" code only applies to the top or bottom line of the frame, and thus should only be used in the first and/or second position of the code string. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Four: Page Formatting 21 ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ │┌─────────────┐│ │ │ │ ──────┬────── │ ││ │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ ││ pg 1 │ pg 2 ││ │ pg 1 pg 2 │ │ pg 1 │ pg 2 │ ││ │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │└o─────o─────o┘│ │ o o o │ │ o o o │ ╞(═════(═════(══╡ ╞(═════(═════(══╡ ╞(═════(═════(══╡ │┌o─────o─────o┐│ │ o o o │ │ o─────o─────o │ ││ │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ ││ pg 3 │ pg 4 ││ │ pg 3 pg 4 │ │ pg 3 │ pg 4 │ ││ │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │└──────┴──────┘│ │ │ │ │ │ └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ Full Frame No Frame "T" Frame ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ │ ──────┬────── │ │ │ │ │ ───────────── │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ pg 1 │ pg 2 │ │ pg 1 │ pg 2 │ │ pg 1 pg 2 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ o─────o─────o │ │ o o o │ │ o o o │ ╞(═════(═════(══╡ ╞(═════(═════(══╡ ╞(═════(═════(══╡ │ o─────o─────o │ │ o o o │ │ o o o │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ pg 3 │ pg 4 │ │ pg 3 │ pg 4 │ │ pg 3 pg 4 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────┴────── │ │ │ │ │ ───────────── │ └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ "I" Frame "!" Frame "-" Frame ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ ┌───────────────┐ │ ───────────── │ │┌─────────────┐│ │┌──────┬──────┐│ │ │ ││ ││ ││ │ ││ │ pg 1 pg 2 │ ││ pg 1 pg 2 ││ ││ pg 1 │ pg 2 ││ │ │ ││ ││ ││ │ ││ │ o─────o─────o │ │└o─────o─────o┘│ │ o o o │ ╞(═════(═════(══╡ ╞(═════(═════(══╡ ╞(═════(═════(══╡ │ o─────o─────o │ │┌o─────o─────o┐│ │ o o o │ │ │ ││ ││ ││ │ ││ │ pg 3 pg 4 │ ││ pg 3 pg 4 ││ ││ pg 3 │ pg 4 ││ │ │ ││ ││ ││ │ ││ │ ───────────── │ │└─────────────┘│ │└──────┴──────┘│ └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ └───────────────┘ "=" Frame "O" Frame "M" or "W" Frame Here are a few examples of custom frames: C>4print myfile -faaaaa All lines of the frame will be printed. This is the same as specifying "-ff", or letting the frame style default. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 22 4Print User's Guide C>4print myfile -fnnnnn No lines of the frame will be printed. This is the same as specifying "-fn" or "-f0". C>4print myfile -fttnan The top line will be printed only if the title is on top of the page, and the bottom line will be printed only if the title is on the bottom. The left line will never be printed, the center line will always be printed, and the right line will never be printed. This is "T" frame, which can also be specified as "-ft". C>4print myfile -fntann The top line will never be printed, the bottom line will only be printed if the title is on the bottom, the left line will always be printed, and the center and bottom lines will never be print- ed. Consider an open three-ring binder with a reverse side page (title on top) above a front side page (title on the bottom). The effect will be that the group of two pages will have a line down the left side, and another line across the bottom of the group. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Column Selection And Line Formatting: The -FMT Option 4Print now has the ability to print only selected columns (character positions) in a document, transpose columns, and insert text in each line to make the printout more readable. The general format of the "-fmt" option is: -fmt<format specifier>,[<format specifier>...] In other words, this means that "-fmt" may be followed by one or more format specifiers separated by commas. A format specifier may be one of these, where "a" and "b" designate character columns in the docu- ment to be printed (the leftmost character column has number 1): ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Format Description │ │───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────│ │ a print only column a │ │ a- print from column a to the end of the line │ │ a-b print from columns a through b, inclusive │ │ -b print from column 1 through column b. │ │ "any text" insert any text (must not contain quotes) │ │ 'any text' insert any text (must not contain apostrophes) │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Four: Page Formatting 23 Here are a number of line formatting examples: C>4print myfile -fmt2- The first character position of each line of the document will be ignored. Everything from the second position to the end of the line will be printed. See the description of the "-mf" (mainframe carriage control) switch in Chapter Six before you use this command to suppress those funny 1's and 0's which appear in some documents originally created on IBM mainframes. C>4print myfile -fmt-40 Everything up to and including character position 40 of the document will be printed, and the rest will be ignored. C>4print myfile -fmt10-70 Only columns 10 through 70 of the document will be printed. C>4print myfile -fmt" ",10-70 Columns 10 through 70 will be printed, and each line will be pre- ceded by five spaces. Note that the same effect could have been achieved with: C>4print myfile -fmt10-70 -i5 C>4print myfile -fmt-20,41-50 Each line of the printout will be thirty characters wide. The printed lines will consist of the first twenty characters of the corresponding line of the document, immediately followed by columns 41-50 of the same line in the document. C>4print myfile -fmt-20,41- Columns 21-40 of every line of the document will be ignored. C>4print myfile -fmt-20," | ",41- Same as the above, except there will be a vertical bar on each page separating columns 1-20 from columns 41 to the end of each line. C>4print myfile -fmt1-,"!" Every line of the document will be printed with an exclamation point immediately following the line. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 24 4Print User's Guide ┌─────────────────────┐ │ Name Addr Zip Phone │ │─────────────────────│ Original database report as printed in │ xxx xxxx xxx xxxxx │ one wide column across the page │ xxxx xx xxx xxxxx │ │ xxx xxx xxx xxxxx │ │ xxxx xxxx xxx xxxxx │ └─────────────────────┘ ┌─────────────────────┐ │ Name Phone Addr Zip │ │─────────────────────│ Use "-fmt" option to move Phone field │ xxx xxxxx xxxx xxx │ between Name and Address fields │ xxxx xxxxx xx xxx │ │ xxx xxxxx xxx xxx │ │ xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxx │ └─────────────────────┘ ┌─────────────────────┐ │ Name Phone │ │─────────────────────│ If you don't need the Address │ xxx xxxxx │ and Zip Code fields, you could just │ xxxx xxxxx │ leave them out │ xxx xxxxx │ │ xxxx xxxxx │ └─────────────────────┘ ┌─────────────────────┐ │Name Phone│Name Phone│ Of course, once you're leaving │──────────│──────────│ them out, you might as well go back │ xxx xxxx│xxxx xxxx │ to 4Print's two-column mode and get │ xxxx xxxx│xxx xxxx │ twice as many names on the page! │ xxx xxxx│xxxx xxxx │ │ xxxx xxxx│xxxx xxxx │ └─────────────────────┘ C>4print myfile -fmt1-79,"!" Every line will be printed up to column 79 (with trailing spaces if necessary), and an exclamation point will appear in column 80. C>4print myfile -fmt160-180," | ",20-30," | ",60-70 You might use this to select columns of a very wide spreadsheet and print them separated by vertical bars. Note that the columns selected don't have to be in the order in which they appear in the document or spreadsheet. C>4print myfile -fmt1-10," + ",14-22," = ",26-36 This example prints selected columns from a spreadsheet as for- mulas, where the third spreadsheet column was calculated as the sum of the first two spreadsheet columns. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Four: Page Formatting 25 C>4print myfile -fmt80-1 If you've read this far, you deserve a special treat. Try this format specification and see what it does! ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Changing the Default Header: The -H Option (See also the tip about operation with keyboard enhancers at the end of "Full Font Selection: The -[ Option" in Chapter Six.) 4Print normally prints the file name, date, and time in boldface on the top of each page, along with the page number and page count of the document. The "-h" option allows you to substitute your own header (or title): C>4print myfile -h Here we are specifying that no title is to be printed. C>4print myfile -hWHOOPIE! In this example, we are replacing the default title with the character string "WHOOPIE!", which will be centered at the top of every printed page. C>4print myfile -h"This is a Title" Here we show that the title may be enclosed in quotes. Single quotes (apostrophes) or double quotes are acceptable, but the surrounding quote character can't occur in the middle of a title (we didn't implement a "doubling" convention for quotes, not having a doubling cube handy). You can, however, get both quotes in a title, if necessary, by using the unquoted title form described in the next example: C>4print myfile -hThis_is_a_Title This example is equivalent to the one above, and doesn't require spaces in the title text. This form of titling is useful when passing 4Print options through a batch file or CED string. If the "-h" isn't immediately followed by a single or double quote, or if a quote character is unmatched, the title is considered to be all characters up until the next space or the end of the command line. Since an underscore represents a space in the printed title, you can get both quote characters in a title by using something like: C>4print myfile -h_"Do's"_and_"Don'ts" Note the underscore after the "-h" to make sure 4Print doesn't think the first quote is meant to surround a title. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 26 4Print User's Guide A number of characters and character strings cause substitutions when a title is printed. They must all be specified in lower case: ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Formats Description │ │────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────│ │ $fn The file name is printed │ │ $fd The file's creation or modification date is printed │ │ $ft The file's creation or modification time is printed │ │ $td Today's date is printed │ │ $tt Today's time (the current time) is printed │ │ $pn The current page number is printed │ │ $pp The number of pages in the document is printed │ │ $cn The current column number is printed │ │ $cc The number of columns in the document is printed │ │ underscore A space character is printed │ │ // Centering is split │ │ [...] Text suppressed if the number of pages is unknown │ └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ If a dollar sign appears in any context other than those above, it is eliminated when the title is printed, and the character following the dollar sign is taken literally. Therefore, use "$_" to print an underscore, and "$$" to print the dollar sign character itself. The purpose of the underscore-to-space substitution is to allow most titles to be specified without surrounding quotes, in order to facili- tate argument passing in batch files or CED strings. Unless split centering is used, 4Print will center the supplied title across the length of the page (across all columns taken together). If "//" appears in the title, 4Print will center everything appearing to the left of the "//" ┌─────────────────┐ (after substitution) in the left column, and │ centered title │ everything appearing to the right of the "//" │────────┬────────│ in the right column. │ │ │ │ │ │ There is no way to avoid centering or split │ │ │ centering of titles. However, an off-center │ │ │ effect may be achieved by preceding the title └─────────────────┘ text with a number of spaces, in which case Centering the title text will appear right of center. By the same token, following the title text with ┌─────────────────┐ spaces will cause it to appear left of center │ split title │ (within the whole line or, in the case of split │────────┬────────│ centering, within the appropriate column). │ │ │ │ │ │ Brackets are used to suppress text in the title │ │ │ when the document's page count is unknown (this │ │ │ happens when "-q" is used to eliminate the scan └─────────────────┘ pass). Simply enclose the text to be condi- Split Centering tionally suppressed in "[" and "]". ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Four: Page Formatting 27 The "$cn" and "$cc" forms are a special usage with limited implementa- tion. They allow documents to be printed with "page" numbers corres- ponding to what 4Print considers to be "columns." The first 66 lines of output, then, would be "column 1," and the next 66 (on the right side of the same "page") would be "column 2." The limited implementation of $cn and $cc works like this: "$cc" simply prints twice the number of pages in the document, if known (we ignore the fact that the last column of a document may be blank). "$cn" normally prints twice the page number minus one. If split cen- tering is used (see above), "$cn" prints twice the page number minus one for the left side, and twice the page number for the right side. Consider the following example: C>4print myfile -s -h"Page $cn of $cc//Page $cn of $cc" This would print a single-sided document which you could cut down the middle, punch holes in, and insert into an IBM-sized three-ring binder. Notice that we are printing 4Print "column" numbers, but calling them "Page" in the title because that's what they would refer to after the document is cut. For reference, here is an example where the default title is explicit- ly specified: C>4print myfile -h"$fn $fd $ft//Page $pn[ of $pp]" ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Indenting Lines: The -I Option You can tell 4Print to indent each printed ┌───────────────────┐ line by a specified number of character │xxx │ │ positions. This allows you create a │xxxx │ │ "balanced" look for documents which were │xxxxx │ │ unformatted, or formatted with a width less │xxxx │ │ than 80 characters. For example: │xxxxx │ │ │xxxx │ │ C>4print myfile -i8 └───────────────────┘ Non-Indented The document will be printed with every line indented eight character ┌───────────────────┐ positions. │ xxx │ │ │ xxxx │ │ Note that indentation applies to "wrapped" │ xxxxx │ │ lines as well, as described in the sections │ xxxx │ │ about truncating long lines ("-t") and word │ xxxxx │ │ wrapping ("-ww", "-WL", "-wp"). See also │ xxxx │ │ the section describing the "-ri" option for └───────────────────┘ information about indenting versus right Indented indenting. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 28 4Print User's Guide ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Number of Lines Per Page: The -LPP Option As of Version 4.0, 4Print allows you to change the number of lines printed on each page from the default of 66 lines per page. For example: C>4print myfile -lpp60 The file is printed with 60 lines per page. This might be used to see what the file would look like if "dumped" to an HP laser printer which hasn't been set up for a full 66 lines per page. C>4print myfile -lpp50 The file is printed with 50 lines per page. Since 4Print auto- matically adjusts the lines so they are spaced out evenly across the page, the result will be a printout which is much easier to read than a normal 66 line per page listing. This might be used for proofreading a document while still retaining 4Print's formatting. C>4print myfile -tiny -lpp80 The document will be printed using the tiny font, with 80 lines per page. Had we not specified the "-tiny" option, the document would still have 80 lines per page, but the larger font would result in a much less readable printout. Although you can specify values from "-lpp20" through "-lpp200", be warned that the higher values create progressively more "scrunched" outputs, and very high values can cause your printer's internal buffers to overflow (a situation which 4Print can't detect, and which would force you to press RESET on your printer or turn your printer off and on). ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Tip: You can create some special purpose 4Print outputs using a │█ │ combination of the "-lpp" and the "-#" (or "-]") options. For │█ │ example, you can use a very large font and tell 4Print to only │█ │ allow 24 lines per page. For very small fonts, you might want │█ │ to also use the "-tiny" option to allow more characters per │█ │ line, or perhaps even the "-pr" option to "fake out" 4Print │█ │ into thinking it's dealing with a proportional font, and thus │█ │ not truncate or wrap any lines at all. │█ │ │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Four: Page Formatting 29 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Maximum Throughput: The -MAX Switch A certain combination of 4Print options works well to maximize the amount of information printed on a single sheet of paper. We've provided the "-max" switch as a shortcut for this group of options. Please refer to the relevant sections of this manual for more detailed information about the options automatically set by "-max". You can maximize the amount of information printed on a single sheet of paper like this: C>4print myfile -max The document will be printed in three columns in a tiny squashed font using 88 lines per page on a LaserJet, and 60 lines per page on a DeskJet. Form feeds and multiple blank lines will be compressed. C>4print myfile -3 -tiny -sq -xf -xb -lpp88 C>4print myfile -3 -tiny -sq -xf -xb -dj -lpp60 These two commands are equivalent to the one above for the LaserJet and the DeskJet, respectively. Note that 4Print doesn't attempt to print as many lines on a page when maximizing DeskJet printouts. This is due to a hardware limitation in the DeskJet which causes partially-printed pages to be ejected when a program attempts to put too much information on a page. For completely unformatted ASCII files (no page breaks), "-max" on a LaserJet will print 528 80-character lines on two sides of a single sheet of paper. This is like printing EIGHT pages on a single sheet. If there are page breaks and/or multiple blank line sequences in the file, "-max" will print even more than eight pages on a single sheet! You can use "-max" and "-doc" together like this: C>4print myfile -max -doc The file will be "maximized" in three columns, and in addition, the pages will be horizontally centered. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Numbering Lines: The -N and -NP Options 4Print can automatically number the lines of your document in two ways. The simplest is as follows: C>4print myfile -n The document will be printed with line numbers starting from 1. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 30 4Print User's Guide You can control the starting line number of the document like this: C>4print myfile -n201 The document will be printed with line numbers starting from 201. We have provided this line numbering option especially for lawyers: C>4print myfile -np The document will be printed with line numbers starting from one on each page. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── IBM-style Binders: The -RI Option 4Print provides limited support for the creation of printouts which will be held in IBM-style binders. The "-ri" option allows you to specify a second indentation level which is only applied to the right-hand column of each page. This allows you to compensate for the margin on the left side of the paper. If you specify both "-i" and "-ri", BOTH INDENTS will be applied to the right-hand column. For example: C>4print myfile -i2 -ri8 The document will be printed with the left column indented two character positions, and the right column indented ten (2+8) character positions. We have found that the combination Left margin consists of margin of "-i2" and "-ri8" shown in the outside 4Print frame plus left example above adjusts the page in indent (if any). such a manner as to create pages which can be easily cut in half and ├───┤ inserted into an IBM-style binder. ┌────────────┬────────────┐ Special paper may be purchased │ ┌──────────┼──────────┐ │ which has a micro-perforation down │o│ This is │o This is │ │ the middle and six holes punched in │ │ on the │ on the │ │ such a manner as to make splitting │ │ left. │ right. │ │ each page apart and inserting into │o│ │o │ │ an IBM-style binder very easy. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Note that when the "-ri" option is │o│ │o │ │ used, the left and right columns │ └──────────┼──────────┘ │ will wrap (or be truncated) at dif- └────────────┴────────────┘ ferent character positions. Thus, ├─┤ you may want to pre-format output designed for IBM binders so as to No frame margin! Left margin avoid lines longer than will fit in consists of left indent only. the right hand column. Note also Use "-ri" to compensate. that when creating IBM-style bind- ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Four: Page Formatting 31 ers, you may very well want to use the "-f0" (no frame) and "-h" (no header) options (along with the "-ri" option) to create a "clean" looking page. See Chapter Seven for more information about printing documentation for IBM-style binders. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Truncating Long Lines: The -T Switch 4Print will print up to 80 characters across in each of the two columns on a sheet of paper. If a file line plus indentation (see the "-i" option above) is longer than 80 columns, 4Print will normally print the first 80 columns, and continue the file line on the next printed line, starting with the characters "=>". Line wrapping will occur across multiple print lines, if necessary. To truncate (rather than wrap) long lines, use: C>4print myfile -t The "-t" switch tells 4Print that you want long lines to be trun- cated rather than wrapped. 4Print will simply print the first 80 characters of the long line, and continue with the next file line on the next printed line. This feature can be useful for documentation files which have a few long lines and are formatted based on exactly 66 lines per page. For more information on 4Print's handling of long lines, see the discussion about word wrapping below. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Overriding Title Placement: The -TT, -TB, and -TA Switches Under normal circumstances, 4Print will print the title line, or header, at the bottom of the page for the front of your document, and at the top of the page for the back of your document. This causes the title line to always appear on the "outside" when the document is placed in a three-ring binder. If you wish to override the default title placement, use one of the following switches: C>4print myfile -tt All title lines will be printed at the top of the page. C>4print myfile -tb All title lines will be printed at the bottom of the page. Note that the "-ta" switch (which specifies the default of alternating title placement) is provided for completeness, and also to allow you ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 32 4Print User's Guide ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ │ ──TITLE LINE─── │ │ │ │ │ ──TITLE LINE─── │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ o o o │ │ o─TITLE LINE──o │ │ o o o │ ╞(══════(══════(══╡ ╞(══════(══════(══╡ ╞(══════(══════(══╡ │ o─TITLE LINE──o │ │ o o o │ │ o o o │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──TITLE LINE─── │ │ ──TITLE LINE─── │ └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ "-tt" Titles on Top "-tb" Titles on Bottom "-ta" Alternating to obtain alternating titles if you've changed the default (see Appendix C). ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Top Indent: The -TI Option You can tell 4Print to leave blank space at the top of each page with the "-ti" option: C>4print myfile -ti4 Four blank lines will be printed at the top of each page. Note that the amount of ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ blank space is dependent │ xxx │ │ │ │ │ upon the current number of │ xxxxxx │ │ │ xxx │ │ lines being printed on a │ xxxxx │ │ │ xxxxxx │ │ page. For example, to │ xxxxxx │ │ │ xxxxx │ │ leave the top third of the │ │ │ │ xxxxxx │ │ page blank, you'd normally │ │ │ │ │ │ specify "-ti22" (because └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ 66 lines per page are Non-Indented Top Indent printed by default). However, if you changed the number of lines per page to 90 (with "-lpp90"), you'd have to specify "-ti30" to leave the top third of each page blank. See the section on page centering above for a different strategy for leaving blank lines on the top of the page. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Four: Page Formatting 33 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Word Wrapping: The -WW, -WL, and -WP Switches New with Version 4.0, 4Print can keep words together when it needs to split long lines into multiple pieces. There are three kinds of word wrapping, bringing the total number of 4Print's long line handling options to six. Normal word wrapping is specified like this: C>4print myfile -ww Long lines in the file will be word wrapped, where each continua- tion line will start at the position of the first non-blank character in the preceding line. Word wrapping can be useful when printing very wide ASCII documents, or when printing draft copies of documents created with word proces- sors which save paragraphs as if they were very long, single ASCII lines. Note that when "-ww" is specified, 4Print will not insert the "=>" symbol (see the "-t" switch above) at the beginning of continuation lines, and will not indent those lines. Here's how to specify another style of word wrapping. Note that we're capitalizing "-wl" simply to distinguish the "L" from the digit "1" (4Print will accept either form): C>4print myfile -WL Long lines in the file will "word wrap left," meaning that each continuation line will start at the column's left margin (the first character position plus any indentation specified with "-i" or "-ri"). We've provided a third style of word wrapping of interest primarily to programmers: C>4print myfile -wp Long lines in the file will be word wrapped, where each continua- tion line will start at the position of the first non-blank character in the preceding line, plus four character positions. This latter form of word wrapping results in an especially nice look- ing output for free-form, normally indented programming languages such as C and Pascal. It turns out that the "-wp" switch can be used in a manner in which it was not originally intended. When printing ASCII files with very long "lines" (such as those produced by WordPerfect and Microsoft Word export functions), using "-wp" will result in a very nice "hanging indent" for each paragraph of text. In fact, you can even get a good looking draft document by simply using the "-wp" switch and 4printing ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 34 4Print User's Guide ┌────────────────┬─ ┌────────────────┬─ │ You are lost i│ │ You are lost i│ │=>n a maze of tw│ │ │ │=>isty little pa│ │ │ │=>ssages. │ │ │ └────────────────┴─ └────────────────┴─ By default, long lines Truncate long lines wrap to the next line, using the "-t" option. ignoring word breaks. ┌────────────────┬─ ┌────────────────┬─ ┌────────────────┬─ │ You are lost │ │ You are lost │ │ You are lost │ │ in a maze │ │in a maze of │ │ in a maze of │ │ of twisty │ │twisty little │ │ twisty little │ │ little │ │passages. │ │ passages. │ │ passages. │ └────────────────┴─ └────────────────┴─ └────────────────┴─ Word Wrap Left "-WL" Word Wrap "-ww" Indented Wrap "-wp" New lines continue New lines aligned New lines indented at left margin. with starting line. from starting line. ┌────────────────┬─ ┌────────────────┬─ │while (n--) { │ │while (n--) { │ │ printf("%10s",│ │ printf("%10s",│ │=>msg); │ │ msg); │ │} │ │} │ └────────────────┴─ └────────────────┴─ By default, Programmer's Wrap "-wp" long source lines Continuation lines are are broken and wrapped indented from the to the left margin. starting line. a Microsoft Word document directly! (This technique does not work well with WordPerfect, however - be sure to export your WordPerfect documents in ASCII form before 4Printing them.) ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Compressing Blank Lines: The -XB Switch You can tell 4Print to replace multiple blank lines with a single blank line. In addition, any blank lines at the top of a page will not be printed: C>4print myfile -xb The document will be printed with blank lines compressed to a single blank line. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Four: Page Formatting 35 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Compressing Form Feeds: The -XF Switch 4Print normally skips to the next column when a form feed is encoun- tered in a document. (The same situation occurs when a "1" is encoun- tered as the first character on a line when the "-mf" switch is used.) You can save paper by telling 4Print to replace form feeds with a line of underscores and a blank line, and then continue printing in the same column: C>4print myfile -xf The document will be printed with form feeds replaced by a line of underscores and a blank line. ┌───────────────────┐ ┌───────────────────┐ │xxxx │xxxxx │ │xxxx │xxxx │ │xxxxx │xxxxxx │ │xxxxx │─────────│ │xxxxxxx │ │ │xxxxxxx │xxxxx │ │xxxxx │ │ │xxxxx │xxxxxx │ │ │ │ │─────────│xxxxx │ │ │ │ │xxxxx │─────────│ │ │ │ │xxxxxx │xxxx │ └───────────────────┘ └───────────────────┘ Short pages take up Compressed form feeds lots of room. substitute lines for page breaks, cramming more text on the page. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 36 4Print User's Guide Chapter Five ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Printer Mechanics 4Print has been carefully constructed to handle all sorts of printer- related problems, including discrepancies between HP and non-HP brand printers, single versus double-sided printing on both duplex (IID and IIID) and non-duplex printers, DeskJet-specific issues, etc. This chapter describes the many options available to handle the physical aspects of using 4Print. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── A4 Paper Handling: The -A4 Switch If your printer is loaded with A4-type paper (common in Europe), use the following switch: C>4print myfile -a4 The document will be printed on A4 paper. Earlier versions of 4Print could print on A4 paper with no option specified, but the print image wasn't centered horizontally. Using the "-a4" switch corrects this problem. Note that if you are using A4 paper, you may very well need to verti- cally compress the print image to get a proper 4Print printout. You can accomplish this for all your 4Print runs by inserting "set 4print=-a4 -vc" (with other desired default options) in your system startup procedure. Alternatively, you can directly specify both options on the command line like this: C>4print myfile -a4 -vc The document will be printed vertically compressed on A4 paper. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Five: Printer Mechanics 37 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Duplex Printing (LJ IID/IIID): The -D Switch If you have an HP LaserJet IID, IIID or close compatible, you may instruct 4Print to take advantage of your printer's duplex printing capability (and thus complete the entire double-sided print job with no user intervention). For example: C>4print myfile -d The file will be printed in duplex mode on the IID or IIID. For more information about duplex printing with short binding, see the section describing the "-ds" switch below. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Printing on a DeskJet: The -DJ Switch If you are using an HP DeskJet, DeskJet Plus or DeskJet 500, you MUST specify the "-dj" switch on all your 4Print runs. The easiest way to accomplish this is to add the statement "set 4print=-dj" to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file (see the section on "The 4Print Environment Variable "in Chapter Three). If you don't set the environment variable (or zap the 4PRINT.EXE file with debug or KAZAP - see Appendix C), you must include the switch in all your runs as follows: C>4print myfile -dj The file will be formatted for a DeskJet rather than a LaserJet. Assuming you had a LaserJet connected to LPT1 and a DeskJet on LPT2, you could make use of both printers like this: C>4print myfile The file will be printed on the LaserJet. C>4print myfile -dj -olpt2 The file will be printed on the DeskJet. Note that if you are using an "original" DeskJet (as opposed to a Plus or a 500), you must have the optional landscape cartridge in order to use 4Print. In addition, the original DeskJet does not allow land- scape soft fonts to be downloaded (even if you have the cartridge), so 4Print will only work with the cartridge's built-in fonts. If you have a DeskJet Plus or 500, 4Print uses the built-in small Courier font for both normal and tiny mode printing. This produces an acceptable print image, but if you have a 128K or 256K RAM cartridge, you can get better results by downloading the two DeskJet shareware soft fonts we've provided with this product. Please don't forget to ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 38 4Print User's Guide register these fonts with Elfring Soft Fonts if you use them regular- ly. See the file REGFONTS.DOC in this package for details. Because of limitations in the DeskJet, 4Print handles frames differ- ently when the -DJ switch is used. The only "frame" available when printing on a DeskJet is a center line column separator in two column mode. This line may be eliminated by using the "-f0" option. The DeskJet cannot print as many small characters on a page as the LaserJet. If you attempt to print too much on a single page, the DeskJet will print as much as it can on one page and then will skip to the next page before continuing. This is a hardware limitation of the DeskJet, and 4Print cannot detect or compensate for this situation. We've "tuned" the 3-column "-doc" and "-max" options so this overflow situation should not occur when printing most documents. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Duplex With Short Binding: The -DS Switch If you have a IID, IIID, or other HP-compatible duplex printer, you can tell 4Print to use "short binding", instead of the default long binding, like this: C>4print myfile -ds The document will be printed using short binding. The result is a document which, instead of being inserted in a binder and read in normal 4Print order, can be saddle stitched, inserted in a "ledger" binder, or otherwise bound on the left hand side of the page. Four pages can then be viewed side by side and flipped over like a regular book. For example, this is how short binding looks when inserted into a ledger binder: ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ █ ┌──────────────────╥──────────────────┐ █ █ │ │ o─o │ │ █ █ │ │ ║ │ │ █ █ │ │ ║ │ │ █ █ │ page 1 │ page 2 o─o page 3 │ page 4 │ █ █ │ │ ║ │ │ █ █ │ │ ║ │ │ █ █ │ │ o─o │ │ █ █ └──────────────────╨──────────────────┘ █ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ Short binding in a ledger binder ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Five: Printer Mechanics 39 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Selective Printing by Side: The -F, -B, and -R Switches You can tell 4Print to print only the front side of a listing that would normally be double-sided. Note that this is not the same as using the "-s" switch: C>4print myfile -f Only the front side of a double-sided printout is produced. This is useful if you need to split a large printout into two 4Print jobs, or if you are printing over a network and don't want to tie up the printer before processing the reverse side. If you previously aborted 4Print after the front side of a double-sided printout was produced, or if you printed the front side using "-f", use one of the following (they are equivalent) to complete the job: C>4print myfile -b C>4print myfile -r Only the back (reverse) side of a double-sided printout is pro- duced. If you already printed the front side of this job, you could have looked at the title line of any page to determine the maximum page number, and then used a command like: C>4print myfile -b -q28 The "-q28" tells 4Print to eliminate the scan pass, but to use the number 28 when printing the number of pages on the title line. (Note that the "-q" option stops 4Print from doing any centering.) ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Paper Tray Selection: The -L and -LU Switches For printers which have two paper trays, 4Print prints using the upper tray by default (unless manual feed is specified with "-m"). If you wish 4Print to print using the lower tray, specify: C>4print myfile -L The document will be printed using the lower paper tray. Note that you can specify this option in upper ("-L") or lower ("-l") case, just like all the other options. We show it in our example and ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 40 4Print User's Guide on the help screen as "-L" simply because a lower case L is easily confused with the digit 1. The "-L" option is useful in a network environment where unholed paper is normally kept in the upper tray (either blank stock or company letterhead, for example), but programmers wish to generate 4Print listings on punched paper. Simply load punched paper in the lower tray and make sure the command "set 4print=-L" (with other options if desired) appears in every programmer's startup procedure. If you have a LaserJet IIP printer or any other printer on which it is difficult to add paper to the lower tray, you might have use for the following option: C>4print myfile -Lu The front side of the document will be printed using the lower tray, and the back side will be printed using the upper tray. This option allows you to keep whatever stock you wish to use for 4Print in your lower tray, but makes it possible for you to reinsert the document on the upper tray, after the front side is printed. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Manual Feed: The -M Switch 4Print normally causes the printer to feed sheets from the paper cassette when printing both the front and reverse sides. To use the manual feeder for the reverse side, specify: C>4print myfile -m The file named "myfile" in the current directory is scanned for a maximum page number. You are then prompted to press <Enter>, whereupon the front side is printed. You then (possibly uncurl and) reverse the sheets and press <Enter> again. The printer will wait for you to insert each page into the manual feeder when the reverse side is printed. When printing finishes, 4Print exits to DOS. As described under "4Print Operation" in Chapter Three, you can use manual feed for the entire print job by pressing "M" (instead of <Enter>) after the scan pass. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Outputting to Other Devices or to a File: The -O Option By default, 4Print will send the printout to your PRN: device. You can change the output device using the "-o" option: ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Five: Printer Mechanics 41 C>4print myfile -olpt2: The output will be sent to LPT2: instead of to PRN:. If you'd like your output placed in a disk file rather than directly printed, specify the file name (with drive and path if necessary): C>4print myfile -m -omyfile.out The output will be sent to the file "myfile.out." To print this file later, we would simply type: C>copy myfile.out prn: One caveat, though: if the output is double-sided (as it would be in this example, because we didn't use the "-s" switch), make sure the "-m" switch is used. Otherwise, you'd have no opportunity to reinsert the stack of paper between the front and back printing passes. If nec- essary, you can always defeat the manual feeder for the reverse side using the technique described under "Network Usage" in Appendix B. Another way to save double-sided output for later printing is to use the "-o" parameter in combination with the "-f" and "-b" parameters, as follows: C>4print myfile -f -ofront C>4print myfile -b -oback Later, you can "copy front prn:", flip the stack and reinsert it into the paper cassette, and "copy back prn:"! ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Selective Printing by Page: The -P Option You would normally use 4Print to print an entire document. However, if you need to reprint a single page or range of pages, or if some pages of a full output were munged and you want to reprint only those pages, use the -p option: C>4print myfile -s -p12 This command will print page 12 only of a single-sided document. C>4print myfile -s -p12 -q50 We're saving time here by telling 4Print that there are 50 pages in the document, thus eliminating the need for a scan pass. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 42 4Print User's Guide C>4print myfile -p12 Here we're reprinting only page 12 of a double-sided document. 4Print will adjust the pages to printed, in this case printing page 11 on the front and 12 on the back. C>4print myfile -p-5 4Print will reprint the document from the beginning (page 1) through page 6 (because page 6 is on the reverse of page 5). C>4print myfile -p21- Pages 21 through the end of the document will be reprinted. C>4print myfile -b -p21- Same as above, but only print the reverse side from page 21 (actually, page 22) on. This is useful if a long printout gets interrupted in the middle of printing the reverse side. C>4print myfile -p12-14 The specified page range (actually, pages 11-14 because page 11 is on the front side of page 12) will be reprinted. C>4print myfile -m -u -q48 -p12-14 Same as above, but we're also specifying manual and unattended modes, and we're telling 4Print not to bother with the scan pass because we already know that the document is 48 pages long. This is the form of 4Print that we use most often to reprint "munged" sections of a long document. It is appropriate to mention here that 4Print was originally designed to process a single file. When multiple file support was added, we simply applied each specified option to all files which were being processed. This means, unfortunately, that the "-q" and "-p" options apply to every file (which doesn't seem to be too useful). Perhaps we'll change this in a future upgrade. For now, do what we do: use the "-q<number>" and the "-p" options only when you are printing a single file. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Quick Printing: The -Q Switch A scan pass is normally performed to determine the number of pages in the file or files to be printed. This allows 4Print to put "Page mmm of nnn" on the title line of each page. The scan pass also gathers information necessary for 4Print to perform centering, if the "-cen" or the "-doc" option is specified. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Five: Printer Mechanics 43 You can speed up 4Print by eliminating the scan pass as follows: C>4print myfile -q The scan pass is eliminated, and the default title will contain "Page mmm" instead of "Page mmm of nnn." The "-q" option with no page count supplied is especially handy when you are printing large documents on a relatively slow computer. Note that 4Print will perform no centering if "-q" is specified. If you already know a document's page count, you can eliminate the scan pass and still get "Page mmm of nnn" like this: C>4print myfile -q15 The scan pass is eliminated, and the default title will contain "Page mm of 15." The "-q" option with a page count supplied is useful when you are re- printing a document or a section of a document, since the page count is known before 4Print is invoked. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Single-sided Documents: The -S Switch The original intent of 4Print was to save paper by printing as much information as possible on a single sheet. Thus, the default method is to print two 66-line pages on the front of the paper, and another two on the back. Under certain circumstances, it is useful to print single-sided docu- ments. For instance, you might not want to bother with the necessary paper handling to print the reverse side, or you might intend to spread a program listing all over your desk in order to see more than four pages at once. Tell 4Print to perform single-sided printing with the "-s" switch: C>4print myfile -s A single-sided printout is produced, yielding two 66-line pages per sheet of paper instead of four. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Unattended Mode: The -U Switch 4Print normally prompts you to press <Enter> after the scan pass, and again after the first side is printed (see the section about "4Print Operation" in Chapter Three). Specifying "-u" will eliminate these ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 44 4Print User's Guide prompts (4Print continues as if you pressed <Enter> at each prompt). This means that you will not be given an opportunity to reload the paper cassette before the reverse side is printed, so the "-u" switch is usually used with "-s" or "-m": C>4print myfile -s -u A single-sided document will be printed with no prompt after the scan pass. C>4print myfile -m -u A double-sided document will be printed with no prompts. Since the reverse side will be printed in manual mode, the printer will pause before the first page of the reverse side, giving you an opportunity to possibly uncurl and reverse the stack. We use 4Print most often in this manner for short program list- ings and documents. See also the "Network Usage" discussion in Appendix B. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Tricky Tip: You can use 4Print in unattended mode and still │█ │ print both sides using the cassette feeder with the following │█ │ procedure: Print your document using the "-u" and "-m" │█ │ switches. When the printer waits for you to insert the first │█ │ sheet for the reverse side, flip the front side, stick it back │█ │ in the paper cassette, and then take a scrap sheet of paper and │█ │ CAREFULLY insert it into the manual feeder until the sensor │█ │ thinks it's got a sheet to manually feed. The trick is not to │█ │ release the sheet you are holding, but to fake out the printer │█ │ so sheets feed from the paper cassette! We have found this │█ │ technique to work well with a Series II, but can't verify that │█ │ other printers can be fooled in this manner. │█ │ │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Vertical Compression: The -VC Switch If you find that your document is being printed with some information cut off the top or bottom (like the title or part of the frame), try printing your document like this: C>4print myfile -vc The document will be vertically compressed. This option was created because some near-HP-compatible printers, and some HP printers manufactured for the European market, have a slightly smaller printing area than the "standard" to which 4Print was origi- ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Five: Printer Mechanics 45 nally written. The amount of "compression" necessary to display a full double page image on these printers is very slight, but the difference is visible so you should only use this option if your printer requires it. If necessary, you can use "-vc" in conjunction with the "-Lpp" option for a more pleasing print image: C>4print myfile -vc -Lpp60 The document will be vertically compressed, and 60 lines per page will be printed (instead of the default 66), with whitespace adjusted evenly among the sixty printed lines. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Vertical Expansion: The -VE Switch In previous versions of 4Print, no attention was paid to non-HP printers or HP printers (such as some European models) which didn't exactly conform to the print dimensions of the original HP LaserJet. When we learned that a large number of printers could by used by 4Print except for this small print area incompatibility, we slightly reduced the default dimensions of the 4Print image to achieve wider compatibility. The slight difference in print image is visible, though, and some users asked for an option to print using the old dimensions if their printer could support it. Try this for a short file: C>4print myfile -ve The document will be vertically expanded. If you can see the entire print image including the title and frame, then your printer supports the full print area and you might as well include "set 4print=-ve" (along with any other default options de- sired) in your system startup in order to take advantage of a larger print area for all 4Print runs. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Multiple Copies: The -X Option 4Print allows you to print any number of copies of your file(s) in a single run. Specify the number of copies like this: C>4print myfile -x3 Three copies of the file will be printed. Note that if you are printing more than one file, 4Print will print the first copy of ALL FILES before it prints the second copy. This makes it easy, for instance, for you to distribute a printout of three files to fifty people (you only have to separate the output by person, not by file). ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 46 4Print User's Guide Chapter Six ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Fonts and Control Codes 4Print was designed to work with the HP LaserJet II's internal land- scape line printer font, which is just the right size to comfortably provide 66 lines down by two columns across plus frames and title - in other words, a normal 4Print page. 4Print also contains a built-in tiny font for when you need more characters across than the line printer font allows. If your printer doesn't contain a small fixed pitch landscape font (such as the HP LaserJet Plus), or if you need to print IBM graphics characters in a tiny font (4Print's internal tiny font doesn't contain these characters), you can instruct 4Print to use one of the external soft fonts included with this package, or you can substitute your own cartridge or soft fonts. There's even limited support for proportion- al fonts. This chapter describes the various font selection options, as well as options for handling special file formats (such as mainframe carriage control and non-standard tab settings), and embedded escape codes. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Downloaded Fonts: The -# Option 4Print normally depends on the availability of a small landscape font with fixed pitch (but see the section on proportional font support below). If your printer doesn't have an internal, landscape line printer font, you may download such a font or provide it via a font cartridge. If your font correctly matches 4Print's requirements, nothing further need be done. For reference, the line printer font characteristics are: IBM PC ASCII symbol set fixed spacing 16.6 pitch 8.5 point size upright style medium weight line printer font ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Six: Fonts and Control Codes 47 4Print calls for a font with these characteristics using the LaserJet escape sequence "Esc (10U Esc (sp16.6h8.5vsbT". Your font will auto- matically be selected if it conforms to this specification. You can successfully use 4Print with any other downloaded landscape font by using the "-#" option, as follows: C>4print myfile -#12 The file will be printed using downloaded font number 12. Of course, using the "-#" option presupposes that you have downloaded a permanent font and assigned it the number which was specified in the "-#" option. Note that 4Print has no way of knowing the actual characteristics of the specified font. If the font is too large, for example, your 4Print output is going to look pretty strange! Courtesy of Elfring Soft Fonts, we are providing a number of shareware soft fonts suitable for use with 4Print. See the accompanying files on the 4Print distribution disk or archive. Even if you have the line printer font, you may wish to use these fonts because they result in more attractive printed documentation. DeskJet owners should note that the Plus and 500 models require a 128K or 256K RAM cartridge in order to use the soft fonts, and the original model DeskJet cannot use these landscape soft fonts at all. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Full Font Selection: The -[ Option As described above, 4Print assumes the availability of a landscape, line printer font. If you are downloading this font or providing it on a font cartridge, 4Print will happily select the line printer font. However, if the font you are providing does not conform sufficiently to line printer font characteristics, you must either specify the "-#" option (if you've downloaded the font) or the "-[" option (if you've supplied the font on a cartridge). The "-[" option can be used to select a downloaded font, but it's really much easier to use "-#". Here is an example using the "-[" option: C>4print myfile -[(0U[(sp16.66h9.5vsb6T The file will be printed using the specified string to select an internal, downloaded, or cartridge font. In this example, the characteristics of the LG095R16.USL font mentioned above are specified. Note that the symbol "[" is used in the selection string to denote an Escape character (a leading Escape is implied by the "-["). No spaces are allowed in the selection string. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 48 4Print User's Guide ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Tip for Users of Keyboard Enhancement Programs: If you use CED │█ │ or PCED or a keyboard macro processor or other keyboard enhan- │█ │ cer, make sure that the font strings you are typing are really │█ │ being sent to 4Print the way you think they are. For instance, │█ │ CED (in certain configurations) requires you to type two amper- │█ │ sands ("&&") to cause a single ampersand to be sent to your │█ │ application program. We thought there was a problem with │█ │ 4Print's handling of the "-[" option unti lwe realized that we │█ │ typed a single "&" in the font string, and this character was │█ │ "stripped" by CED and thus never sent to 4Print. │█ │ │█ │ A quick way of finding out if the string you are typing will be │█ │ sent properly to 4Print is to type "echo xxx" (where xxx is │█ │ your string) at the DOS command line. If xxx appears the way │█ │ you typed it, then it's being sent properly to 4Print. │█ │ │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Carriage Returns (Imported Files): The -C Switch Some files, notably those imported from Apple II or Macintosh systems, only use a carriage return (as opposed to a carriage return, line feed combination) to denote a new line in a file. These files may be 4Printed with the "-c" switch: C>4print myfile -c The file will be printed assuming a new line starts at every carriage return or line feed. Note that no overprint lines are generated when "-c" is specified, because these lines are denoted in MS-DOS files by a carriage return without an associated line feed. However, backspace processing is still active, so if the foreign file uses backspaces to denote over- printing, then 4Print will accurately display overprinted, boldfaced, and underlined characters. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Tip: You can apply the "-c" switch to MS-DOS files in order to │█ │ see exactly which lines are meant to be overprinted, and the │█ │ contents of the overprint lines. The result will be that each │█ │ normal line in the file (that is, those lines ending in car- │█ │ riage return, line feed) will be followed by a blank line, and │█ │ a series of lines to be overprinted (that is, one or more lines │█ │ ending with a carriage return, followed by a line ending in a │█ │ carriage return, line feed) will be printed on a group of sin- │█ │ gle lines, with a blank line to end the group. │█ │ │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Six: Fonts and Control Codes 49 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Escape Code Processing: The -E Switch If you print a document containing escape characters (ASCII character 27, or Hex 1B), the escapes and subsequent characters might be inter- preted by the LaserJet in such a way as to interfere with 4Print's formatting of your document. Accordingly, 4Print substitutes a "left arrowhead" (character 17, or Hex 11) for each escape character it finds. If you wish to override this substitution and send escape characters directly to your printer (to switch fonts in mid-printout, for exam- ple), you must specify the "-e" switch as follows: C>4print myfile -e The file will be printed with escape characters sent directly to the LaserJet. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Mainframe Carriage Control: The -MF Switch If you're 4Printing documents originally created on an IBM mainframe, it's possible that the documents contain printer carriage control characters (sometimes called "Fortran-style control characters") instead of text in column one. You can tell 4Print to interpret these characters correctly like this: C>4print myfile -mf Column one of the document will be considered to contain carriage control characters. 4Print interprets the following carriage control characters: ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Character Description │ │───────────────────────────────────────────────────────│ │ 1 Go to the top of the next page │ │ space Skip one line down, then print │ │ 0 Skip two lines down, then print │ │ - Skip three lines down, then print │ │ + Skip no lines - overprint the previous line │ │ with the rest of this line. │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Any carriage control character not listed above is treated like a space. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 50 4Print User's Guide ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Proportional Font Support: The -PR Switch 4Print offers limited support to create printouts using small propor- tional fonts. Files which are printed using proportional fonts must not contain any lines which will overflow 4Print's column width. The width is normally 80 line printer font characters, or 4.8 inches. If "-1" is used (see Chapter Four), the width is extended to 165 charac- ters, or 9.9 inches. This includes any space inserted at the begin- ning of the line by the "-i" or the "-ri" options. Within this limitation, small proportional fonts are aligned properly (vertically and for the second column margin), and can create a very attractive 4Print printout. Here is an example using proportional fonts: C>4print myfile -#5 -pr The file will be printed using downloaded soft font number five. In addition, 4Print is informed that this is a proportional font. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Tip: It is possible to mix fonts in a 4Printed file if you are │█ │ willing to perform your own line spacing. Any escape strings │█ │ you include in the file will be sent by 4Print to the printer │█ │ just as if they were text characters, as long as you specify │█ │ the "-e" switch. If you also specify "-pr", 4Print will not │█ │ care how long the "lines" are (including escape sequences), and │█ │ thus you can switch fonts in mid-file with no ill effect. │█ │ │█ │ If you use this technique, be aware that 4Print will switch to │█ │ the default line printer font (or to the one you specified with │█ │ with "-#" or "-[" option) at the beginning of each column. │█ │ Also, 4Print performs indenting (the "-i" and "-ri" options) by │█ │ inserting the number of spaces you specify at the beginning of │█ │ each printed line. So if you use indenting, you should keep │█ │ the indentation consistent by making sure each line ENDS in a │█ │ known font (so 4Print's spaces for the NEXT line will come out │█ │ in the known font). │█ │ │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Using a Squashed Font: The -SQ Switch You can fit a few more characters on each line by telling 4Print to "squash" a font horizontally. This causes each character to be printed very slightly closer to the next character than would be the normal case. The tables given in Chapter Four show how many more ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Six: Fonts and Control Codes 51 characters appear in each column when you squash a normal or tiny font. There are two special cases worth mentioning. When you print docu- ments or program listings with line numbering (see the "-n" option in Chapter Four), 4Print inserts six extra characters (the line number and a space) at the beginning of each line. This causes 80-character lines to be wrapped. You can print the line number and an entire 80-character line like this: C>4print myfile -n -sq The file will be printed in a squashed font, allowing 86 charac- ters to appear on each line. Version 3 of 4Print allowed you to get a maximum of 230 characters on a line (using the "-tiny" and "-wide" options). To handle the widest Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (240 characters), you can now squash the tiny font to get twelve more characters on a line. Note that the "-wide" option has been replaced by "-1" (although "-wide" is still accepted by the program): C>4print myfile -1 -tiny -sq The file will be printed across the entire landscape page in a squashed tiny font, allowing 242 characters on each line. If you use squashed fonts often, you might want to use the shareware soft fonts provided with this product. These fonts are specially sized to look their best with either normal or squashed printing. Please don't forget to register these fonts with Elfring Soft Fonts if you use them regularly. See the file REGFONTS.DOC for details. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Non-standard Tabs: The -TAB Option 4Print normally assumes that if a document contains tab characters (as opposed to blank spaces to separate columns), that the document was created assuming tab columns are eight characters apart. You may change this assumption in the following manner: C>4print myfile -tab3 The file will be printed assuming tabs refer to columns which are three character positions apart. This option is especially useful when printing program source files which use non-standard tab sizes. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 52 4Print User's Guide ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Downloaded Tiny Fonts: The -T# Option When you specify the "-tiny" option, 4Print normally downloads a very small landscape font which is actually part of the program file. (This font has been improved for version 4.0, by the way.) If you specify "-t#" followed by a number, 4Print will not download the internal font, but will instead assume that a very small landscape font has previously been downloaded and made permanent. For example: C>4print myfile -tiny -t#5 The document is printed using the same characteristics as would be used for 4Print's internal tiny font, but instead of using the internal font, permanent font number 5 is selected. Note that the "-t#" option will have no effect unless it is used in conjunction with the "-tiny" option. Thus, you can put "set 4print=-t#nnn" (with other options if desired) in your system startup, and the specified font will only be selected for 4Print runs where "-tiny" is supplied on the command line. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Full Tiny Font Selection: The -T[ Option If you have a suitable tiny font available on a cartridge (see the discussion of the "-t#" option above), you can select it using its full characteristics with this option: C>4print myfile -tiny -t[(0U[(sp16.66h6.0vsb6T The document is printed using the same characteristics the internal tiny font, but instead of downloading the internal font, a font with the specified characteristics is selected. See the discussion of the "-[" option above for more information on specifying the font selection string. Note also that you must specify "-tiny" for this option to have an effect, as indicated in the discus- sion of the "-t#" option. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Using the Internal Tiny Font: The -TINY Option In addition to the single column capability discussed above, 4Print includes a very small font which enables double column printing with 110 characters in each column, or single column ("-1") printing with 230 characters across the page. (Even more characters across can be printed by combining the "-tiny" with the "-sq" option.) This font is internal to the 4Print program, and will be automatically downloaded to the printer (which must recognize HP LaserJet format soft fonts) when the "-tiny" option is specified. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Six: Fonts and Control Codes 53 The internal font is quite legible and adequate for most purposes such as printing wide spreadsheets, program listings, and database reports, but it does not include the IBM graphics characters. (If you need IBM graphics characters, use one of the shareware soft fonts provided with the 4Print distribution disk or archive.) Here's all you need to do to use the internal tiny font: C>4print myfile -tiny The file will be printed in two columns of 110 characters across, using the internal tiny font. C>4print myfile -1 -tiny The file will be printed in a single column of 230 characters across, using the internal tiny font. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Wide Tip: This latter example is especially suitable for print- │█ │ ing very wide spreadsheets which have been "printed" to an │█ │ ASCII file by Lotus 1-2-3 or whatever spreadsheet program you │█ │ are using. You can also print very wide dBASE or other database │█ │ program reports using the "-tiny" and/or "-1" options. │█ │ │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ In rare cases, you may need to specify additional information when using the "-tiny" option. 4Print needs to specify a "font ID number" when downloading the internal tiny font. This number is 999 by default. If 999 happens to be already used for a permanent font on your printer, you may specify a different ID for 4Print's use as follows: C>4print myfile -tiny57 The file will be printed using the internal tiny font, and 4Print will use "57" as a temporary font ID number. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Very Wide Tip: If the "-tiny" option doesn't seem to be working │█ │ properly, it is possible that you have overloaded your prin- │█ │ ter's available memory (with other soft fonts, templates, or │█ │ graphics) and there is no room to hold the 4Print font (4Print │█ │ has no way of detecting this situation). You can resolve the │█ │ problem by freeing up some of your printer's memory (don't │█ │ download so many permanent fonts, for instance), or by purchas- │█ │ ing a memory upgrade for your printer. │█ │ │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 54 4Print User's Guide ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Widest Tip: If you specify the "-pr" switch (discussed above), │█ │ 4Print will completely ignore line length and assume each line │█ │ will fit across the wide column. This means that you can print │█ │ spreadsheets even wider than 230 characters (or 242 characters │█ │ with "-tiny -sq") without wrapping or truncation by allowing │█ │ 4Print to run past its right margin. For example: │█ │ │█ │ C>4print myfile -1 -tiny -pr -f= │█ │ │█ │ The file will be printed in a single column using the tiny │█ │ internal font. Line lengths will be ignored. The "-f=" │█ │ specifies a frame with lines only on the top and bottom │█ │ (so you don't print over the right frame line). │█ │ │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── WordStar (tm) Files: The -W Switch You can get quick draft printouts of files created with WordStar version 3 and below or WordStar Professional Release 4 and later by using the "-w" switch: C>4print myfile -w The file is assumed to be in WordStar format, and is printed accordingly. WordStar files are printed by stripping the high order bit of every character in the file and removing control characters (except for the ending Control-Z). Note that this means that all formatting informa- tion (such as headers, boldface, and underlines) are suppressed in the printout. WordStar dot commands are printed as is, except for the .PA command, which is processed as if a form feed appeared in the file. Note that the "-w" switch is provided for draft printouts or for very simple lists created using WordStar. If you want full formatting for a WordStar file, you can use the following technique: 1. Tell Wordstar to print your file to disk, using a standard ASCII printer. For WordStar Professional Release 4, this would involve answering something like "draft>myfile.prn" to the "Name of printer?" prompt. 2. Tell 4Print to print the output file, as in "4print myfile.prn". Note that the "-w" switch is not specified to 4Print, since the output file is a straight ASCII file. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Six: Fonts and Control Codes 55 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Bypassing End Of File Characters: The -Z Switch If a file contains a Ctrl-Z character (Hex 1A, or Decimal 26), 4Print considers the file to end just before this character. This is because Ctrl-Z was used in the CP/M operating system to indicate EOF (end-of- file), and many MS-DOS programs still manipulate files using this convention. Most ASCII files won't contain Ctrl-Z characters which mean anything other than EOF, but for those few pesky ones which do, specify "-z": C>4print myfile -z The file will be printed to its full MS-DOS file length. Any Ctrl-Z characters appearing in the file will be printed as "<1A>". If 4Print seems to be printing only part of your file, try using the "-z" switch; it almost certainly won't hurt (although you may see some garbage at the end of your printout), and it might get your whole file printed. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 56 4Print User's Guide Chapter Seven ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4Print Applications 4Print was originally designed to print source code listings for programmers. It's come a long way since then. People have adapted it to all sorts of applications, and we have responded by adding more and more options to make the program as flexible and useful as it can be. 4Print is used to print drafts of written documents, the wide reports generated by spreadsheets and database programs, transcripts of electronic communications, the on-disk documentation provided with both shareware and retail software, in-house manuals, catalog list- ings...and, of course, source code listings. This chapter provides various instructions and ideas for using 4Print with your applications. For complete information about the various features discussed, please refer to the corresponding sections in Chapters Four, Five, and Six in this manual. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4Print for Programmers A number of 4PRINT's features are of special interest to programmers. 4Print prints a line number before each line of a program listing when the "-n" option is specified. This option extends the line length by six characters, which may cause lines in your program to be split into two print lines. If you use the "-sq" ("squash") option, 4Print will fit 86 characters in its normal font, 2-column format. This is perfect for 80-character-wide, line numbered listings. Normally, 4Print will split a long line by printing as much as will fit on a line, starting the next print line with "=>", and then continuing (for as many print lines as necessary). You can tell 4Print to truncate (chop off) long lines instead with the "-t" option. More interestingly, 4Print provides a "-wp" option ("programmer's wrap") which prints as many "words" as possible on one line, and then contin- ues on the next line, indenting to the position of the first non-blank character on the original line plus four spaces. This type of word wrapping is most appropriate for free form programming languages such as C and Pascal. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Seven: 4Print Applications 57 If you program in Microsoft Assembler, you probably know that your assembly listings start with a blank page. Starting with Version 4.0, 4Print will eliminate this blank page automatically. If you want to keep the blank page, you can use the "-bp" switch. If you have a duplex printer such as a IID or IIID, and you don't want to put your program listings in a binder, you might want to use the short binding option "-ds". This option allows you to spread your pages out from side to side rather than from top to bottom. Try a short printout with "-ds" to see the difference. 4Print has special handling for program output which uses mainframe ("Fortran-style") carriage control conventions. If you specify "-mf", 4Print will consider the first character of each line of the file to be a mainframe carriage control character, and will respond appropri- ately. We've found that programmers have a tendency to use the "-q" parameter to eliminate 4Print's scan pass. In versions previous to 4.0, the only consequence was that the "Page n of nn" in the header was changed to just "Page n" because 4Print didn't pre-scan the document to determine how many pages it was about to print. Version 4.0 does more in the scan pass, however, collecting information necessary to center the document both horizontally and vertically (if the "-cen" or "-doc" options are specified). It's still okay to use "-q" to get quicker output, but be aware that when you do, you're suppressing any center- ing which you may have asked 4Print to perform. 4Print will normally handle tab characters (ASCII value 9) correctly in all documents. However, if your program editor is set up for a tab size of other than the DOS-standard 8 spaces per tab, and if the editor leaves the tab characters in when it writes out your program, you should use 4Print's "-tab" option to make things line up properly. For example, if your editor is set up for four spaces per tab, you'd specify "-tab4" as one of your 4Print options. If you use form feeds in your programs (for example, to start each function on a new page), you might want to use "-xf" for some list- ings. This will cause 4Print to print a line of underscores plus a blank line whenever there's a form feed in the document. In addition, you might want to use "-xb" to condense multiple blank lines into a single blank line. Of course, you can use "-max" to print the most information possible in three-column format. (When you use "-max", both "-xb" and "-xf" are assumed.) Programmers will also be interested in the 4Fold utility (in the registered version only) which prints short source and header files one per column rather than one per sheet of paper. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 58 4Print User's Guide ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4Print for Database Users If you regularly print reports from databases, certain of 4Print's options will be of great interest to you. For full information about the features discussed here, please refer to the corresponding sec- tions of this manual. 4Print prints ASCII text files, not database files. Therefore, you must print your database records to a file before using 4Print to print them onto paper. The method for printing database records to a text file depends upon the database program you use. Because there are so many database management programs on the market, it's impossi- ble for us to describe the proper procedure for all of them. We'll cover a few of the most popular programs: dBASE, FoxBASE+, FoxPro and Paradox. dBASE IV and FoxPro: To create an ASCII text file from within dBASE IV or FoxPro, all you have to do is append the phrase "TO FILE" plus the name of the output file to any command which displays records or a report on the screen. For example: .list all off to file output.txt from the dot prompt of dBASE IV or the command window of FoxPro will display all records in the currently selected database on the screen ("off" suppresses the display of record numbers), and also write them out to a file named OUTPUT.TXT. Similarly, typing: .report form budget to file output.txt will create a text file named OUTPUT.TXT containing a report formatted according to the specifications of report form BUDGET. If you use dBASE IV's Command Center to print reports, select "Desti- nation" from the Print menu, specify "Write to: DOS FILE" and "Printer model: ASCII TEXT", and select an existing text file or type in a new one. If you use FoxPro's pull-down menus to print reports, simply check "To File" on the Report dialog box, then select an existing text file or type in a new file name. FoxBASE+: In FoxBASE+, you have to do a little more work. Before entering the "list" or "report form" commands, you have to redirect the output which would normally go to the printer to a file, by typing the following commands at the dot prompt: .set device to print .set print on .set printer to output.txt ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Seven: 4Print Applications 59 Now enter the "list" or "report form" command, but without the "TO FILE..." clause. Use the following commands to close the output file and redirect output to the screen. .set printer to .set print off .set device to screen dBASE III+: Unfortunately, dBASE III+ has very limited support for output redirection, which is accomplished using the "set alternate" command, like this: .set alternate to output.txt .set alternate on .<output command> .close alternate This command saves all screen output to the file OUTPUT.TXT. However, that includes the commands that you type at the dot prompt, which you probably don't want to see on your reports. If you have a text edit- or, you could load the text file into it and delete the extraneous lines. Paradox: In Paradox 3.0, select "Report" from the main menu. From the Report menu, select "Output", then "File", then type the name of the desired output file. Now just print your report as you normally would. 4Print Options: Now that we have a file that 4Print can read, we'll discuss the options you can use to create different report formats. In its default mode, 4Print prints 80 characters per line in two col- umns across the page. However, 4Print has several options which allow you to fit more characters on each line, and more lines on each page. Using these options, you can print 1-4 columns across the page, and all the way up to 242 characters per line (using the squashed tiny font in one wide column). The number of columns on the page is controlled by the "-<number>" option, where <number> is a number between 1 and 4. You can squeeze a few more characters onto each line by using the "- sq" (squash) option. This closes up the spaces between the characters and allows you to print more data without using a smaller font. If you do need to fit many more characters onto each line, you can use the "-tiny" option, which will print your report using a very readable tiny font. The tables on this page show the maximum number of charac- ters which can be printed using all combinations of "characters per column" options. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 60 4Print User's Guide ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │Columns Normal Squashed Tiny Tiny/Squashed│ │──────────────────────────────────────────────│ │ 1 165 177 230 242 │ │ 2 80 86 110 116 │ │ 3 55 59 76 80 │ │ 4 40 43 55 58 │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Maximum # characters/line in each layout For most wide reports, a combination ┌──────────────────────────┐ of "-1" and "-tiny" will be appropri- │Characters 4Print │ ate, providing a single column of to │ Across Options │ 230 characters per line. If you need ├──────────────────────────┤ that last little bit extra, "-1 -ti- │ 40 -4 │ ny -sq" will print 242 characters │ 43 -4 -sq │ across the page. The "-3" and "-4" │ 55 -3 │ options are great for printing mailing │ 55 -4 -tiny │ lists and other narrow columnar re- │ 58 -4 -tiny -sq │ ports. You can also specify the num- │ 59 -3 -sq │ ber of lines per page by using the │ 76 -3 -tiny │ "-LPP<number>" option, where <number> │ 80 -2 │ is the number of lines. │ 80 -3 -tiny -sq │ │ 86 -2 -sq │ The "-fmt" option provides you with │ 110 -2 -tiny │ additional control over your report by │ 116 -2 -tiny -sq │ allowing you to specify one or more │ 165 -1 │ ranges of columns to be printed. You │ 177 -1 -sq │ can use it to change the order of │ 230 -1 -tiny │ different fields in the report, or to │ 242 -1 -tiny -sq │ omit some fields entirely. And final- └──────────────────────────┘ ly, you can use the "-cen" option to 4Print options to specify center the report on the page. This for # of characters across can greatly improve the appearance of a database report that's just wide enough to require either or both the tiny font and one column per side. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4Print for Spreadsheet Users If you regularly print reports from spreadsheets, certain of 4Print's options will be of great interest to you. For full information about the features discussed here, please refer to the corresponding sec- tions of this manual. 4Print prints ASCII text files, not spreadsheet files. Therefore, you must print your spreadsheet to a file before using 4Print to print it onto paper. The method for printing a spreadsheet to an ASCII text file is similar for most spreadsheet programs, but we'll outline the procedures for a few of the most popular programs. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Seven: 4Print Applications 61 Lotus 1-2-3: In Lotus 1-2-3, you type "/pf" (slash, Print, File) or make the related selections from the menus, and then select an exist- ing text file or type the name of a new one. After specifying the file name and setting all the other options which you would when printing to the printer, just print the spreadsheet as you normally would. You should now have an ASCII text file in the default directory. Unless you specified the extension of the file, it should have an extension of .PRN (e.g. BUDGET.PRN). Quattro Pro: If you have configured Quattro Pro to emulate 1-2-3's menus, use the keystroke sequence described under Lotus 1-2-3 above. If you are using Quattro Pro's default menus (or are emulating those of Quattro 1.x), you type "/pdf" (slash, Print, Destination, File) or make the related selections from the menus, and then select an exist- ing text file or type the name of a new one. After specifying the file name and setting all the other options which you would when printing to the printer, just print the spreadsheet as you normally would. You should now have an ASCII text file in the default directory. Unless you specified the extension of the file, it should have an extension of .PRN (e.g. BUDGET.PRN). Microsoft Excel: In Microsoft Excel, select File and Save As... from the menu, then choose the Text file format. When you select "OK", the spreadsheet will be saved in ASCII format. Excel uses the tab character to separate the columns. If there appear to be too many spaces between columns in the 4Print output, use 4Print's "-tab" option to specify the number of spaces to print for each tab character. 4Print Options: Now that we have a file that 4Print can read, we'll discuss the options you can use to create different report formats. In its default mode, 4Print prints 80 characters per line in two columns across the page. However, 4Print has several options which allow you to fit more characters on each line, and more lines on each page. Using these options, you can print 1-4 columns across the page, and all the way up to 242 characters per line (using the squashed tiny font in one wide column). In other words, 4Print can print the full width of most spreadsheets across a single letter-size page! The number of columns on the page is controlled by the "-<number>" option, where <number> is a number between 1 and 4. You can squeeze a few more characters onto each line by using the "- sq" (squash) option. This closes up the spaces between the charac- ters, and allows you to print more data without using a smaller font. If you do need to fit many more characters onto each line, you can use the "-tiny" option, which will print your report using a very readable tiny font. For a summary of the number of characters per line you can ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 62 4Print User's Guide get using the various options, see the tables in the database section above. For most wide spreadsheets, a combination of "-1" and "-tiny" will be appropriate, providing a single column of up to 230 characters per line. If you need to go right to the maximum range width of most spreadsheets, the combination of the "-1 -tiny -sq" options will print 242 characters in a single column, using the squashed tiny font. You can also specify the number of lines per page by using the "-LPP<number>" option, where <number> is the number of lines. The "-fmt" option provides you with additional control over your spreadsheet report by allowing you to specify one or more ranges of columns to be printed. (As used here, "columns" refers to print columns, as in an "80 column" printer, as opposed to "column A" in your spreadsheet.) An example of a good use for the "-fmt" option is a financial projec- tion that shows an amount for each month of a fiscal quarter, and a total for each quarter. You may want to print two reports, one which shows each of the months, with a total for the year, and another which shows just the quarterly totals columns. Instead of writing a spreadsheet macro to "hide" the unwanted columns, you could print the entire spreadsheet to a text file, and then use 4Print's "-fmt" option to print only the desired information. For example, if the description column is 25 characters wide, and each of the numeric columns is 12 characters wide, you could print only the description column and each of the quarterly total columns by specify- ing: C>4print budget.prn -fmt1-25,62-73,110-121,158-169,206-217 Five columns of figures will be extracted from the report and printed; all unspecified columns will not be printed. You may also specify text characters as part of the line format. To separate each range of columns with a vertical line, try: C>4print budget.prn -fmt1-25,"|",62-73,"|",110-121,"|",158-169,"|", 206-217 The same five columns of figures will be printed, separated by vertical lines. Finally, you can use the "-cen" option to center the report in the column (or page, if you've specified one column). This can greatly improve the appearance of a spreadsheet that's just wide enough to require either or both the tiny font and one column per side. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Seven: 4Print Applications 63 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4Print for Word Processor Users 4Print is useful both for printing draft copies of word processing documents, which can then be edited while viewing four or more pages of information at a time, and for creating very attractive half-size (5½" x 8½") manuals for insertion into IBM-style binders (see below). Each of these applications involves a different set of procedures. Note that 4Print does NOT directly print word processor document files. These files contain program-specific codes for things like margin settings, font selections, graphics, etc. In order to 4Print a word processor document, you must first use the word processor to generate a straight ASCII text file from the document; it is this text file which gets 4Printed. If you're not sure if the document you want to print is a straight text file or not, you can usually tell by using the DOS "type" command to display the file. If the stuff scrolling down the screen contains funny characters and generally looks like a mess, it's a word processor document and must be converted to straight text before it can be 4Printed. The following DOS command will display the file on the screen: C>type myfile.doc There are two methods for generating text files from a word processor document: the first involves saving a copy of the document as an ASCII text file (some word processors call this "exporting"), and the other is to "print" the document to a disk file using a "standard" printer driver. The method you use depends on what you have in mind for the printed document. If you're only printing a draft of the text for editing purposes, and your document will ultimately be printed in heavily formatted form with font changes and what-have-you, you can just save an ASCII version of the file, by far the easier method. If, however, you are creating a document that will be distributed on disk (such as a shareware manual), or that will be 4Printed and inserted into an IBM-style binder, you'll generate the file to be printed by using your word processor's "print to disk" feature. It is possible to create very attractive looking documents using nothing more than the IBM extended ASCII character set and your word proces- sor's ability to paginate and insert headers and footers. In addi- tion, 4Print supports print enhancements like boldface and underlining as performed via overstriking; both the carriage-return-without-line- feed and backspace methods will work. Please note that there's a slight bit of non-standardization in the word processing world about just what comprises an ASCII text file. In general, text files contain only the normal alphanumeric and punctuation characters, the extended ASCII graphics characters, and the codes for carriage returns, line feeds, and form feeds (ASCII values 13, 10, and 12). However, when saving a document as a text file, some word processors put the carriage return/line feed charac- ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 64 4Print User's Guide ters at the end of every *line*, while others put them only at the end of *paragraphs*. The advantages of the former are that, assuming your margins are wide enough, you can view all the lines of the document on screen using the DOS "type" command, and you can print the document using 4Print with- out worrying about any special options. The disadvantage is that if your margins are too narrow, you might have more text on each line than will fit in the 4Print column, and the excess characters will be shunted off to the next line. If the carriage return/line feeds are stored only at the ends of para- graphs, your document might look slightly funny when you type it on the screen, but if you use one of 4Print's special word wrap options (see Chapter Four), the printout will come out perfect. The general concepts of saving a document in text format and printing to disk are applicable to most word processors. The following sec- tions provide detailed information on how to perform these functions in one of the most popular word processors, WordPerfect. WordPerfect: To save a WordPerfect document as an unformatted text file, press <Ctrl-F5> ("Text In/Out"), "1" (or "T" for "DOS Text"), and "1" again (or "S" for "Save"). Then, at the "Document to be saved (DOS Text):" prompt, type in a file name (do NOT use the same name as the original document!) and press <Enter>. If a file with this name already exists, WordPerfect will ask if you want to replace it. Unless you are certain that you want to replace the existing file (such as if you're replacing a text file you generated earlier), answer "N" and type in a different name. The new file will contain all the text of the original document minus headers, footers, footnotes, text boxes, and other special structures. All tabs, indents, and center codes will have been converted to spaces, and carriage return/line feed pairs will appear at the end of every line. You can print this file using whatever 4Print options you normally use. If you find your lines are a little longer than will fit on one line, you can use 4Print's "-sq" (squash) option to fit in a few more characters. The procedures for printing to disk are a bit more complicated. First you'll have to create the appropriate printer driver. Press <Shift- F7> to go into the "Print" menu, "S" (for "Select Printer"), "2" (or "A" for "Additional Printers"), and then move the highlight to "Stan- dard Printer" and press <Enter>. (If "Standard Printer" doesn't show up on your list of additional printers, follow the instructions in your WordPerfect manual for installing a printer driver from the WordPerfect distribution disks.) The program will prompt you for a file name for the printer driver; press <Enter> to use the default, or type in a different name (we recommend "4PRINT.PRS"). The program will put up a blank screen labeled "Printer Helps and Hints"; press <F7> to exit the screen. You'll now be at a screen labeled "Select Printer: Edit". Press "2" (or "P" for "Port"), "8" (or "O" for ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Seven: 4Print Applications 65 "Other"), and then type in the file name that WordPerfect should print to (we recommend "4PRINT.PRN"). Press <Enter> to exit the edit menu, <Enter> again to select the new printer driver, and <Enter> a third time to exit the print menu. Now whenever you print a document created using the 4Print printer driver, instead of sending the file to the printer, WordPerfect will print to the 4PRINT.PRN disk file. You can rename the file to some- thing more meaningful, if you like, and then, *finally*, print it using 4Print. Documents created in this way can contain all sorts of formatting. Specifically, you can set margins, indents, and justifi- cation; you can create headers, footers, footnotes and endnotes; you can use print enhancements like boldface, underlining, redline, and strikethrough; you can use the extended ASCII graphics characters to draw boxes, diagrams, and shadows. When WordPerfect prints the docu- ment to disk, it will retain all formatting that can be supported by using spaces, blank lines, and overstriking. You can create a per- fectly paginated, attractive and professional-looking document. 4Print Options: Various 4Print options are meaningful to the word pro- cessor user. If you're using 4Print to create manuals or other pagi- nated documentation, you can use the "-bp+" switch to insert a blank page at the beginning of the print out so that "facing pages" (even page number on the left, odd number on the right) come out facing each other. If your document isn't indented, you can use the "-cen" op- tions to center it on the page, or the "-i" option to indent a specif- ic number of spaces. The "-ww" switch is useful for printing text files that only have carriage return/line feeds at the ends of para- graphs (see above). Be sure to browse through Chapter Four for other options that you might find useful. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Creating Documents for IBM-Style Binders 4Print can also be used to create half- center cut size (8½" x 5½") manuals that can be stored in IBM-style binders. This sec- ┬ ┌───────────────────┐ tion discusses the various steps │ │o │o │ involved, from the appropriate 4Print │ │ │ │ options for printing the document to the │ │ │ physical steps of cutting the output 8½" │o │o │ down the center, hole punching it, and │ │ │ inserting it in the binder. │ │ │ │ │ │o │o │ Printing an 80-column document. Assum- ┴ └───────────────────┘ ing your document has 80 characters per line, you can print a manual using these ├── 5½" ──┼── 5½" ──┤ options: ├─────── 11" ───────┤ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 66 4Print User's Guide C>4print myfile -s -q -sq -ri6 -f! -h"Page $cn//Page $cn" The file will be printed single-sided, without a scan pass, using the squashed font option. The frame will consist only of a center line (which we'll use as a cutting guide), and 4Print's column number will serve as a page number in the heading. Finally, the right-hand column on the page will be indented in order to balance its left margin with the frame margin on the left-hand column. As with anything you do with 4Print, the preceding options are a starting guide and many can be changed to fit your printing needs. Refer to the sections in Chapter Four pertaining to frames and head- ings for more detailed information. Printing without the squashed font option. First make sure that the longest line of text in your ASCII document does not exceed 75 col- umns. You can check this from within your word processor, or by using 4Print's scan pass, stopping short of actually printing. The 4Print command line to accomplish this is: C>4print myfile -i5 4Print will check that the longest line in the document plus a five-character indent does not exceed 80 characters. Be sure to press <Esc> to prevent 4Print from printing! If, after the scan pass, you see the message "n lines will be wrapped...", you'll know that your document contains lines longer than 75 characters, and this option won't work for you. If you don't see this message, then it's okay to proceed. Press <Esc> to prevent 4Print from printing, and then print the document using the following command line: C>4print myfile -s -q -f! -h"Page $cn//Page $cn" -ri5 The file will be printed single-sided, without a scan pass, with a center line "cutting guide", using the column number as a page number in the heading, and with the right-hand column indented. Creating a Double Sided Manual: Reformat your document within your word processor so that the right margin is no more than 75 characters, and the page length is no more than 66 lines. (Actually, the number of lines on the page can be increased using the "-LPP" option; see Chapter Four.) Copy and paste each page so a duplicate of page 1 follows page 1, a duplicate of page 2 follows page 2, etc. Then "print" the document to a disk file. (See the section h came out of the printer first will be at the rear of the paper tray. Print the rest of the document using these options: ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Seven: 4Print Applications 67 C>4print myfile -b -q -f! -h -ri5 The reverse (even-numbered) pages will be printed with a center line "cutting guide" and a five-character right indent; the scan pass and page headers are skipped. ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Pg 2 │ Pg 2 │ │ Pg 4 │ Pg 4 │ │ Pg 6 │ Pg 6 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ Then print all the even-numbered pages side-by-side on the reverse side. Now all you have to do is cut the pages in half, and you'll have a stack of perfectly-collated manuals on the left, and another stack on the right. Punch some holes, put them in the binders, and you're all set. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 68 4Print User's Guide Appendix A ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Trouble-Shooting Guide As with most things in life, 4Print occasionally comes up with a problem. The following is a list of common errors we've encountered from our users along with suggested solutions. Q: Why am I receiving a "Not ready error writing device..." message at the beginning of the print job? A: This is a DOS error message, not 4Print's. By default, 4Print prints to DOS's standard printer port (PRN:). If your printer is not receiving any data, first check that the printer is turned on and is on-line, and then check the cable. If all seems function- al, it's possible that 4Print is printing to the wrong port. By default, 4Print prints to DOS' standard printer port (PRN:). You can redirect 4Print's output to a different device, such as LPT1, LPT2, COM1, etc., by using the "-o" option (that's the letter "o", not the number zero). For example, to redirect output to LPT2, you would type "4print myfile -olpt2:". For more informa- tion about using this option, see Chapter Five. Q: What if the same message occurs *during* a 4Print job? A: We have seen this happen when 4Print is used in conjunction with a print spooler. To correct the situation, try turning off the spooler, removing the spooler, or make the spooler buffer larger. Q: What causes an error #207 to be reported by 4Print? A: Error #207 says that 4Print is trying to print to a read-only file. The most likely cause is that the printer is off-line. Other reasons may be that a printer sharing device is in use at the time of printing, or, if you're in a network environment, your printer redirection may be causing a conflict. Check your printer and sharing device, or reboot to reset your network redirection. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Appendix A: Trouble-Shooting Guide 69 Q: Why did 4Print report a fatal error #205 while scanning or printing? A: 4Print was designed to print straight ASCII text files only. If you try printing a non-ASCII file (such as a word processing document), 4Print's internal buffers may overflow and cause this error to occur. Another cause might be ASCII files that use carriage returns at the ends of lines instead of the PC-standard carriage return/line feed pair. In this case, the "-c" switch, which translates lone carriage return characters to carriage return/line feeds could solve the problem; see Chapter Six for details. Q: Why didn't 4Print print my entire file? A: Your program might contain an embedded Ctrl-Z character. By default, 4Print assumes that such a character indicates end-of- file; you can use the "-z" switch to tell 4Print to continue past the Ctrl-Z. Q: Why am I getting large black lines over my text? A: 4Print uses HP graphics commands to draw the frames around your text. We have found that there are some "HP compatible" printers that do not recognize these codes. You can experiment with the "-f<style>" option to find a frame style that will work with your printer, or you can specify "-fn" to omit the frame altogether. For information about the many frame styles 4Print supports, see the "-f<style>" section in Chapter Four. Q: My output is fine except each line is followed by a line with a "=>" symbol and nothing else. What's going on? A: When 4Print encounters a line of text that is longer than will fit in the column (normal 4Print's allow 80 characters across), it prints as many characters as will fit and then continues the text on the next line. Each continued line starts with the "=>" symbol. The fact that your continuation lines are blank (there are no characters following the "=>" symbol) indicates that the file you are printing must contain extra space characters at the end of each line. You can truncate these extra space characters by using the "-t" option; see Chapter Four for additional infor- mation. Q: The same thing happens but I get a few characters after the "=>" symbol. What can I do in this case? A: The lines of your document are longer than will fit in the 4Print column, and the excess characters are printed on continuation lines with the "=>" symbol. There are several ways to deal with this: one option is to use the "-sq" switch to "squash" more characters onto the line. 4Print's standard 80 character line can accommodate 86 characters when squashed. If squashing isn't ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 70 4Print User's Guide adequate, you can try using the tiny font (which is quite small but still readable) to get 110 characters on the line, and you can even squash the tiny font to get 116 characters. And if *this* doesn't do it for you, you can opt for a single wide column across the page. See the "Number of Columns: The -1, - 2, -3, and -4 Switches" section in Chapter Four for a complete discussion of what options get what number of characters across. The next approach applies if your document is indented, i.e. each line begins with one or more blank characters. In this case, you can try using the "-fmt" option to omit the leading blanks. For example, "4print myfile -fmt6-85" will print characters 6 through 85 of each line within the standard 80 character area, ignoring the first 5 (blank) characters. And if your document *isn't* indented, you can use one of the word wrap options ("-ww", "-wl", or "-wp"), or you can choose to simply truncate the extra charac- ters from each line using the "-t" switch. See the sections about line formatting and word wrapping in Chapter Four. Q: Why is my LaserJet reporting an Error 21? A: Too much data is being sent to the printer, overflowing the printer's internal buffer. This may occur if you're trying to cram too much information onto the 4Printed page. There are several ways to cut down on the amount of data being sent. If you're using the lines per page option ("-lpp"), try reducing the number of lines you are specifying. If you are using the four column mode ("-4"), you may have to print only two or three columns. Even something as simple as not printing the frame ("-fn") might let you successfully print your document. You'll have to experiment with this one; see the various options in Chapter Four for inspiration. Q: Why does my DeskJet print out part of a 4Printed page, eject it, and then print the rest on the next page? A: This is the same problem as the LaserJet's Error 21; try using the solutions as outlined above. Q: My output is missing a few lines of text or just the title line on the bottom of the page. Why is 4Print doing this? A: There are two possible causes. One is that you are using A4 paper, which is narrower than U.S.A.-standard 8½" x 11" paper. This is solved simply by using the "-a4" switch. The other possibility is that your printer has a smaller printing area than the HP LaserJet. Try using the vertical compression switch ("- vc"), which will slightly compress the output so that it fits on the page. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Appendix A: Trouble-Shooting Guide 71 Q: How do I get 4Print to print out pamphlets? A: 4Print was not designed to print pamphlets (though we do intend to provide this feature in a future version). You can improvise, however, by doing a real "cut and paste" job on your document. Suppose, for example, you have an 8 page document. Use a text editor to rearrange the pages into this order: 8 - 1 - 2 - 7 - 6 - 3 - 4 - 5 If you get too confused, take a couple of pieces of paper, fold them down the middle, write in the page numbers, and then spread them out and see what goes where. ┌────────┐ ┌─┴──────┐7│ ┌─┴──────┐5│ │ Pages the the pamphlet in order. ┌─┴──────┐3│ │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ├─┘ │ │ ├─┘ │ ├─┘ └────────┘ ┌─ p7 ┌─ p2 ┌─ p5 ┌─ p4 (backs) ┌──────┬──────┐ ┌──────┬──────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ pg 8 │ pg 1 │ │ pg 6 │ pg 3 │ (fronts) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └──────┴──────┘ └──────┴──────┘ Pages of pamphlet spread out so we see what goes on the fronts and backs. Finally, print the document using the "-ri" and "-bp" options as necessary. See Chapter Four for details about these options, and Chapter 7 for related information about printing documentation for IBM binders. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Technical Support: If you are still having problems using │█ │ 4Print, feel free to contact us on our support section on │█ │ CompuServe, PCVENB Section 3; by CompuServe Mail to [76004, │█ │ 2605]; by FAX to 1-212-242-2599; or by telephone (voice) at │█ │ 1-212-242-1790 Monday through Friday, 10am to 5pm Eastern time. │█ │ │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 72 4Print User's Guide Appendix B ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Network Usage 4Print does not create any temporary files, so it should work just fine on your favorite network. Some points for using 4Print in a network environment are worth noting. Note that you must purchase a copy of 4Print for each user on the net- work. Network licenses are available; contact Korenthal Associates for information. There is no capability under 4Print to reserve your networked printer for the entire print job. This means that your network might release the printer after 4Print prints the front side and is waiting for you to press <Enter> to start the reverse side. Someone else's print job may start while 4Print is waiting, and things might get confused. One way around this problem is to use the procedure described under "Unattended Mode: The -U Switch" in Chapter Five. The "-m" switch guarantees that your document will be spooled to the printer (or will be actively queued for print) when another user tries to "butt in." See the discussion of "Selective Printing By Side: The -F, -B, and -R Switches" in Chapter Five for tips on splitting up a double-sided output into two separate network print jobs. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Tip for Novell users: If you use Advanced Netware version 2's │█ │ CAPTURE command with a short timeout (like /ti=1 or /ti=2), you │█ │ can cause the network to start printing before the entire │█ │ "print file" is sent to the server. Do this by letting 4Print │█ │ print one or two pages, then press Ctrl-S (which will pause │█ │ 4Print after a few lines). Wait until the network starts │█ │ sending information to the printer, and then press Ctrl-S again │█ │ to allow 4Print to resume. (This technique should only be used │█ │ if other people aren't "mixing" their print jobs with yours, │█ │ otherwise your 4Print output might be interrupted with someone │█ │ else's job.) │█ │ │█ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘█ ▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Appendix B: Network Usage 73 Note that in 4Print Version 2.20 and later, the printer will be reinitialized and the requisite font will be reselected before print- ing the reverse side of a double-sided output. This somewhat miti- gates the potential problem described above. Note that Version 4 contains special options for paper tray selection which may be of interest to network users. See Chapter Five for more information. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 74 4Print User's Guide Appendix C ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Changing 4Print's Defaults (Note: Registered users of 4Print receive a separate utility called KAZAP, which allows you to automatically set any or all of the 4Print defaults discussed below, rendering the following discussion unnecessary.) Warning: This is an advanced topic, for programmers only! It is possible to configure 4Print so that some often-used options and switches don't have to be specified on the command line. This is accomplished by directly zapping the 4PRINT.EXE file with DEBUG, The Norton Utilities, or your favorite file zapping program. When defaults are changed, you may use switches on the command line to override the new default. For example, if you change the default from cassette to manual feed, you can switch back to cassette feed by specifying "-m-" on the 4Print command line. (In this particular case, you could also switch to cassette feed by replying to the prompt after the scan pass with "C" instead of with <Enter>.) Each of the defaults is changed by looking for the string "KAa=b" in 4PRINT.EXE (where "a" represents a default name, and "b" the "factory setting" for the default), and changing the "b" to a different value. The following table summarizes the allowed changes: ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Preset Value Change to Purpose Override ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── KAMaNuAl=n y Manual feed -m- KASiNgLe=n y Single sided -s- KAUnAtTeNdEd y Unattended operation -u- KAQuIcK=n y No scan pass -q- Note that "-q<number>" will still work. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Appendix C: Changing 4Print's Defaults 75 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Preset Value Change to Purpose Override ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── KAInDeNt=0 nn Indent nn columns -i0 KARiGhTiNd=0 nn Right indent nn cols -ri0 KANuMbErS=n 1 Number lines starting from 1 -n- nn " " starting from nn p Start each page from 1 KATaBsIzE=8 nn Set tab size to nn -tab8 KACoPiEs=1 nn Print nn copies -x1 KAPrOp=n y Proportional font -pr- KATiNy=n y Use tiny internal font -tiny- nn Use tiny font with ID #n KAEsCaPe=n y Pass ESCape chars through -e- KAWoRdStAr=n y Process WordStar files -w- KACrIsEoL=n y Carriage return ends line -c- KATrUnCaTe=n y Truncate long lines -t- KAFrAmE=f xxx Use frame style xxx -ff KATiTlEs=a t Print titles at top -ta b Print titles at bottom KAEoFsKiP=n y Don't stop at Ctrl-Z's -z- KADuPlEx=n y Duplex with long binding -d- s Duplex with short binding KAPrN=prn: xxx Output to file/device xxx -oprn: KAFoNt=[(... xxx Font selection string KATiTlE=$fn... xxx Default title text. For example: $fn__$fd___Ace_Widget_Co___Page_$pn KALoWeR=n y Use lower paper tray -L- u Lower tray for front, upper for back KAVeRtIcAl=n c Vertical compression -vc- e Vertical expansion KAA4=n y A4 paper handling -a4- ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 76 4Print User's Guide ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Preset Value Change to Purpose Override ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── KABlAnKpAgEs=n y No blank page suppression -bp- + Add initial blank page KAFoRmAt=(null) xxx Default line formatting -fmt KAMaInFrAmE=n y Mainframe carriage control -mf- KAWoRdWrAp=n y Word wrap -ww- L Word wrap to left margin p Programmer's word wrap KATfOnT=(null) xxx Tiny font selection string KALpP=66 nnn Lines per page -Lpp66 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Appendix C: Changing 4Print's Defaults 77 Appendix D ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── About Korenthal Associates Korenthal Associates, Inc. (KA) is a software development company owned and operated by founders James E. Korenthal and Tracey M. Siesser. KA has been producing top quality computer software since 1984, and has been a member of the Association of Shareware Profes- sionals (ASP) since 1988. Jim Korenthal is currently Vice President of the ASP. Some of KA's accomplishments include: o The Webster's New World line of software, published by Simon & Schuster. These products include Webster's New World Spelling Checker, Professional Spelling Checker, Thesaurus, Professional Thesaurus, Combo, and Writer I and II. PC Magazine named Webster's New World Spelling Checker and Webster's New World Writer Products of the Year in 1986. o Babble! A toy for people who love words. This program babbles endlessly in an unlimited number of writing styles. It comes with neat writing samples like Shakespeare, Dick and Jane, and Firesign Theater, and includes a plethora of special effects like Stutter, Hangman, and Subliminal. You can mix samples together, and even import your own text! Babble! is fun to play with solo or as part of a group. It can be used as a creative tool for writers, an idea scrambler for brainstorming sessions, and even just as entertainment for people who love words! "More fun than showing your latest spreadsheets or those tired revolving beach balls." Stan Kelly-Bootle, Computer Language, October 1990 o TapMark and TapMail (previously called TAPLEX), utilities which facilitate use of the CompuServe navigation program TAPCIS. TapMark, which is considered indispensable by most TAPCIS users, keeps track of which message threads you are following in a forum, and watches out for new messages that might be of inter- est. TapMail organizes your Email correspondence by sorting it into different files based on the name of the correspondent. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 78 4Print User's Guide Please feel free to contact us if you have any questions about any of our products or require additional information. Korenthal Associates, Inc. 230 West 13th Street New York, New York 10011 U.S.A. Orders only: (800) KA-PROGS Information: (212) 242-1790 FAX: (212) 242-2599 CompuServe: [76004,2605] ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Appendix D: About Korenthal Associates 79 Appendix E ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── License Information 4Print is a copyrighted computer program which is being marketed as shareware. It is not a public domain program, and it is not free. Shareware is a marketing method, not a type of software. It gives users a legal but limited trial period to evaluate a program before purchase. If you continue to use the program after the trial period has ended, you must register (pay for) the program. It's that simple. Shareware is produced by accomplished programmers, just like retail software. There is good shareware and bad shareware, just as there is good and bad retail software. The primary difference between share- ware and retail software is that with shareware you know if it's good or bad BEFORE you pay for it. Shareware benefits you, the software user, because you get to try the software on your own system, within your own special work environment, and determine whether it meets your needs before you pay for it. And shareware benefits program authors because we are able to get our products into your hands without the hundreds of thousands of dollars in expenses it takes to launch a traditional software product. There are many programs on the market today which would never have become available without the shareware marketing method. The shareware system and the continued availability of quality share- ware products depend on your willingness to register and pay for the shareware you use. It's the registration fees you pay that allow us to support and continue to develop our products. Please show your support for shareware by registering those programs you actually use and by passing them on to others. Shareware is kept alive by YOUR support! ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 80 4Print User's Guide ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── The Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP) The Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP) was formed in 1987 to inform users about the shareware marketing method, to foster a high degree of professionalism among shareware authors, and to provide a forum through which ASP members may communicate, share ideas, and learn from each other. ASP members' shareware meets additional quality standards beyond ordinary shareware. Members' programs must be fully functional (not crippled, demo, or out-of-date versions); program documentation must be complete and must clearly state the registration fee and the benefits received for registering; members must provide free mail or telephone support for a minimum of three months after registration; and members must meet other guidelines which help to insure that you as a user receive good value for your money and are dealt with profes- sionally. ┌─────────┐ ┌─────┴───┐ │ (R) ──│ │o │────────────────── │ ┌─────┴╨──┐ │ Association of │ │ │─┘ Shareware └───│ o │ Professionals ──────│ ║ │──────────────────── └────╨────┘ MEMBER Korenthal Associates is a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a share- ware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does not provide technical support for members' products. Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442 or send a CompuServe message via CompuServe MAIL to ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Registration Information 4Print is provided at no charge for evaluation purposes only. This shareware version of 4Print is the complete working version of the program, not a crippled or demo copy. Korenthal Associates, Inc. hereby grants you a limited license to use this software for evaluation purposes only for a period not to exceed 30 days. If you intend to continue using this software (and/or its documentation) after the 30-day evaluation period, you MUST make a registration payment to Korenthal Associates. Using this software ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Appendix E: License Information 81 after the evaluation period has ended without registering is a viola- tion of the terms of this limited license. You may register 4Print using the accompanying order form (or the form printed by the program itself); you may also register using MasterCard or Visa by phone (800-KA-PROGS), FAX (212-242-2599), or CompuServe Mail (76004,2605). Company purchase orders are welcome. Site licens- es and volume discounts are available. For additional information, please call 212-242-1790. The $49.95 registration fee licenses one copy of the software for use on one computer. Additional sites, or additional computers on a local area network, must be licensed separately; alternatively, contact Korenthal Associates for current site license information. As a registered user, you will receive: o The full retail 4Print package including typeset manual. o The most current version of the 4Print program. We are always improving our products, and registration ensures that you have the latest version. o 4FOLD, a companion utility which allows you to print multiple files one per column with headers on each column instead of one per page. o KAZAP, a utility which allows you to bypass DEBUG and easily set all the 4Print default parameters. o Free technical support. o Notification of significant upgrades to 4Print. o Special offers on other products from Korenthal Associates. o A free CompuServe IntroPak, which includes a $15.00 usage credit and a complimentary subscription to CompuServe Magazine, is available to 4Print registered users who do not yet subscribe to CompuServe. CompuServe will open the door for a whole new world of information, services, and interesting people. CompuServe is also the best place to obtain technical support for products from Korenthal Associates (and many other vendors and developers). This CompuServe IntroPak (a $39.95 value) is provided to 4Print registered users compliments of CompuServe, Inc., and Korenthal Associates. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 82 4Print User's Guide ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Limited Distribution License Korenthal Associates encourages you to freely copy and distribute the unregistered version of 4Print subject to the following restrictions: The 4Print package is defined as containing all the material listed in the PACKING.LST text file. If any files listed in the PACKING.LST text file, or the PACKING.LST file itself, are missing, then the package is not complete and distribution is forbidden. Please contact us to obtain a complete package suitable for distribution. o The package - including all related program files and documentation files - CANNOT be modified in any way and must be distributed as a complete package, without exception. o You may charge a distribution fee for the package, but you must not represent in any way that you are selling the software itself. o You may not list any of our products in advertisements, catalogs, or other literature which describe our products as "free", "cheap", or "public domain". o If you indicate ASP membership for products listed in your catalog or on your BBS, please do so in your listing for this product. o The PRINTED documentation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, using any means, without the prior written permission of Korenthal Associates. In other words, the disk-based documen- tation may not be distributed in PRINTED (hardcopy) form. o Korenthal Associates prohibits the distribution of outdated versions of our products without written permission from Korenthal Associates. If the version you have is over twelve (12) months old, please contact us to ensure that you have the most current version. This version was released in March, 1991. o You shall not use, copy, rent, lease, sell, modify, decompile, disassemble, otherwise reverse engineer, or transfer the licensed program except as provided in this agreement. Any such unautho- rized use shall result in immediate and automatic termination of this license. o Korenthal Associates reserves the right to withdraw permission from any vendor to distribute our products at any time and for any reason. All rights not expressly granted here are reserved by Korenthal Associates, Inc. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Appendix E: License Information 83 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Please Help Us Serve You Better We would appreciate copies of anything you print regarding our software. Please send us a copy of any reviews, articles, catalog descriptions, or other information you print or distribute regarding any of our products. And feel free to contact us if you have any questions, comments, or suggestions or require additional information. Thank you for your time and assistance and for supporting the shareware marketing concept! Korenthal Associates, Inc. 230 West 13th Street New York, New York 10011 U.S.A. Orders only: (800) KA-PROGS Information: (212) 242-1790 FAX: (212) 242-2599 CompuServe: [76004,2605] ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 84 4Print User's Guide Index ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─ 4 ─ Brochures . . . . . . . . . . 72 Buffer overflow, LaserJet . . 71 4Fold . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Bypassing End Of File charac- ters . . . . . . . . . . 56 ─ A ─ ─ C ─ A4 paper . . . . . . 37, 71, 76 Aborted print job . . . . . . 40 C language . . . . . . . . . 57 Apple II files . . . . . . . 49 listings . . . . . . . . . 34 Applications . . . . . . . . 57 Cancel printing . . . . . . . 10 database users . . . . . . 59 Carriage control characters 50, programmers . . . . . . . 57 58, 77 spreadsheet users . . . . 61 Carriage returns 49, 64, 70, 76 word processor users . . . 64 Cartridge fonts . . . . . . . 47 ASCII files . . . 59, 61, 64, 70 Case, upper or lower . . . . 11 ASCII-saved documents 34, 35, 55 Cassette feed . . . . . . . . 10 Assembler, Microsoft . . 18, 58 CED . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 27 Assembly listings . . . . . . 58 Center line . . . . . . . 17, 39 Attorney's line numbering . . 31 Centering . . 10, 19, 20, 43, 58 AUTOEXEC.BAT . . . . . . 12, 38 horizontal . . . . . . . . 19 Avoiding prompts . . . . . . 44 split in title . . . . 27, 28 suppression . . . . . . . 20 ─ B ─ title or header . . . . . 27 vertical . . . . . . . . . 19 Back side only . . . . . . . 40 Changing defaults . . . . . . 75 Backspaces . . . . . . . 49, 64 Characters per line . . . . . 17 Batch file . . . . . . . 26, 27 Chopping long lines . . . . . 32 Binder Column selection . . . . . . 23 IBM . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Column separator, DeskJet . . 39 ledger . . . . . . . . 39, 58 Column width . . . . . . . . 51 three-ring . . . . . . . . 32 Columns Binding hidden . . . . . . . . . . 63 long . . . . . . . . . . . 8 number of . . . . . . . . 15 short . . . . . . 8, 39, 58 selecting . . . . . . . . 23 Blank lines . . . . . . . 35, 36 special page numbers . . . 28 Blank pages . . . 18, 58, 66, 77 transposing . . . . . . . 23 Blank space on page . . . . . 33 Command line . . . . . . 11, 12 Boldfacing . . . . . 49, 55, 64 Compatible printers . 1, 37, 45 Book style . . . . . . . . . 19 Compression ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Index 85 blank lines . . . . . . . 35 End Of File characters . 56, 76 font . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Environment, DOS . . . . 12, 38 form feeds . . . . . . . . 36 EOF characters . . . . . 56, 76 vertical . . . 37, 45, 71, 76 Errors . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Continuation lines . . . 34, 70 205 . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Control characters . . . . . 55 207 . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Control characters, 21 on LaserJet . . . . . . 71 carriage50, 77 Escape characters . . 48, 50, 76 Control codes . . . . . . . . 47 Escape code processing . . . 50 Control string for frames . . 21 European (A4) paper . 37, 71, 76 Control-Z characters . . 56, 76 European printers . . . . . . 45 Copies, multiple . . . . 46, 76 Excel, Microsoft . . . . . . 62 Courier font . . . . . . . . 38 Expansion, vertical . . . 46, 76 CP/M . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Exporting ASCII files . . . . 64 Curl, paper . . . . . . . . . 9 Extended ASCII characters . . 64 ─ D ─ ─ F ─ Database applications . . . . 59 Facing pages . . . . . . 19, 66 Database reports . . . . . . 54 Factory settings . . . . . . 75 DBASE files . . . . . . . . . 59 File DBASE III+ . . . . . . . . . 60 date . . . . . . . . . . . 26 DBASE IV . . . . . . . . . . 59 extension . . . . . . . . 14 DEBUG . . . . . . . . . . 13, 75 imported . . . . . . . . . 49 Default header . . . . . 26, 28 name . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Default options and switches 75 output to . . . . . . . . 41 Defeating manual feeder . . . 42 specifications . . . . . . 11 Delaying print . . . . . . . 42 time . . . . . . . . . . . 26 DeskJet . . . 5, 15, 30, 38, 48 to print . . . . . . . . . 13 partial printout . . . . . 71 Financial projections . . . . 63 Device, output to . . . . . . 41 Fixed pitch font . . . . . . 47 Disk file output . . . . . . 42 Folded documents . . . . . . 72 Distributing multiple copies 46 Font DOC switch . . . . . . . . . 20 and control codes . . . . 47 DOS cartridge . . . . . . . . 1 "type" command . . . . . . 64 characteristics . . . . . 48 environment . . . . . 12, 38 downloaded . . . . . . . . 47 error message . . . . . . 69 ID number . . . . . . . . 54 Dot commands, WordStar . . . 55 proportional . . . . . 51, 76 Dot prompt . . . . . . . . . 59 selection . . . . 47, 48, 76 Double-sided manuals . . . . 67 switching . . . . . . . . 50 Double-sided printing . . 38, 42 Footnotes . . . . . . . . . . 65 Downloaded font . . . . . . . 47 Forcing a blank page . . . . 19 Downloaded tiny font . . . . 53 Foreign files . . . . . . . . 49 Draft printing . . . . . 34, 55 Form feeds . . . 18, 36, 58, 64 Duplex printing . 15, 38, 58, 76 Formats, report . . . . . . . 60 Duplex with short binding 39, 76 Formatted documents . . . . . 20 Formatting ─ E ─ line . . . . . . . 23, 61, 77 page . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Eliminating prompts . . . . . 44 Fortran . . . . . . . . . 50, 58 Eliminating the scan pass . . 44 FoxBASE+ . . . . . . . . . . 59 End of document . . . . . . . 19 FoxPro . . . . . . . . . . . 59 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 86 4Print User's Guide Frame problems . . . . . . . 70 ─ J ─ Frame style . . . 17, 21, 39, 76 control string . . . . . . 21 Jams, paper . . . . . . . 9, 43 example of custom . . . . 22 title tracking . . . . . . 21 ─ K ─ Front side only . . . . . . . 40 Full font selection . . . . . 48 KAZAP . . . . . . . . . . 13, 75 Full tiny font selection . . 53 ─ L ─ ─ G ─ Landscape cartridge . . . . . 38 Groups of files . . . . . . . 13 Landscape font . . . 47, 48, 53 Large documents . . . . . . . 44 ─ H ─ LaserJet error 21 . . . . . . . . . 71 Half-size manuals . . . . . . 66 IID or IIID . . . . . . . 38 Hanging indent . . . . . . . 34 IIP . . . . . . . . . 41, 76 Header Lawyer's line numbering . . . 31 changing . . . . . . . . . 26 Ledger binder . . . . . . 39, 58 default . . . . . . . . . 28 Left arrow for escape . . . . 50 placement . . . . . . . . 32 Left margin . . . . . . . . . 31 substitutions . . . . . . 27 LG095R16.USL . . . . . . . . 48 suppressing . . . . . . . 26 Line feeds . . . . . . . 49, 64 Help screen . . . . . . . . . 11 Line formatting . . . 23, 61, 77 Hidden columns . . . . . . . 63 Line number, starting . . . . 31 High order bits . . . . . . . 55 Line numbering . 30, 52, 57, 76 Horizontal centering . . . . 19 Attorneys . . . . . . . . 31 Horizontal compression . . . 51 Line printer font . . . . 47, 48 Hyphen in filename . . . . . 14 Line wrapping . . . . . . . . 32 Lines over text . . . . . . . 70 ─ I ─ Lines per page . . . 29, 46, 77 Listings, program . . . . . . 34 I-frame . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Long lines 32, 34, 51, 52, 76, 77 IBM binders . . . 28, 31, 64, 66 Lotus 1-2-3 . . . . . . . 52, 62 IBM graphics characters 47, 54, Lower paper tray . . . . 40, 76 64, 66 LPT1, LPT2 . . . . . 38, 41, 69 ID number, font . . . . . . . 54 Ideas for use . . . . . . . . 57 ─ M ─ Ignoring columns . . . . . . 24 Imported files . . . . . . . 49 Macintosh files . . . . . . . 49 Improving print quality . 48, 51 Mainframe carriage control 24, Incompatible options . . . . 13 50, 58, 77 Indent Manual feed . . . 10, 15, 41, 75 automatic . . . . . . . . 20 Manuals, half-size . . . . . 66 hanging . . . . . . . . . 34 Margin, left . . . . . . . . 31 left . . . . . . . . . 28, 76 Margins, word processor . 65, 66 right . . . . . . . . 31, 76 Maximum characters . . . . . 17 top . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Maximum throughput . . . 30, 58 Indented documents . . . . . 71 Microsoft Initializing the printer . . 73 Assembler . . . . . . 18, 58 Inserting text . . . . . 23, 24 Excel . . . . . . . . . . 62 Installation . . . . . . . . 4 Word . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Internal tiny font . . . 53, 76 Missing lines . . . . . . . . 71 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Index 87 More characters on a line . . 51 internal tiny font . . . . 53 Multiple blank lines . . . . 35 line formatting . . . . . 23 Multiple copies . . . . . 46, 76 line numbering . . . . . . 30 Multiple file support . . . . 43 lines per page . . . . . . 29 Munged documents . . . . . . 43 mainframe carriage control18, 50 ─ N ─ manual feed . . . . . . . 41 maximum throughput . . . . 30 Narrow documents . . . . . . 28 multiple copies . . . . . 46 Network considerations 40, 41, nonstandard tabs . . . . . 52 45, 69, 73 numbering lines . . . . . 30 New features . . . . . . . . 2 output destination . . . . 41 New lines in file . . . . . . 49 paper tray selection . . . 40 Nonstandard tabs . . . . . . 52 programmer's wrap . . . . 34 Norton Utilities . . . . . . 75 proportional font . . . . 51 Not ready error writing device 69 quick printing . . . . . . 43 Number of columns . . . . . . 15 right indentation . . . . 31 Number of lines per page . . 29 selective printing by page 42 Numbering lines . . . 30, 57, 76 selective printing by side 40 short binding . . . . . . 39 ─ O ─ single sided printing . . 44 squashed . . . . . . . . . 17 Off-line printer . . . . . . 69 squashed font . . . . . . 51 One side only printing . . . 44 tiny . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Operation . . . . . . . . . . 10 title placement . . . . . 32 Option syntax . . . . . . . . 12 title, changing . . . . . 26 Options . . . . . . . . . 11, 12 top indent . . . . . . . . 33 A4 paper . . . . . . . . . 37 truncating lines . . . . . 32 blank page . . . . . . . . 18 unattended mode . . . . . 44 bypassing End Of File char- vertical compression . . . 45 acters . . . . . . . . . 56 vertical expansion . . . . 46 carriage returns, imported wide . . . . . . . . . . . 15 files . . . . . . . . . 49 word wrapping . . . . . . 34 centering . . . . . . . . 19 WordStar files . . . . . . 55 column selection . . . . . 23 Order of processing . . . . . 12 compressing blank lines . 35 Output redirection 15, 38, 41, compressing form feeds . . 36 69, 76 DeskJet . . . . . . . . . 38 Overflow lines . . . . . . . 51 doc switch . . . . . . . . 20 Overflow, LaserJet . . . . . 71 downloaded font . . . . . 47 Overflow, page . . . . . . . 39 downloaded tiny font . . . 53 Overprinted lines . . . . 49, 64 duplex printing . . . . . 38 Overriding defaults . . . . . 75 escape code processing . . 50 formatted document . . . . 20 ─ P ─ formatting, line . . . . . 23 frame style . . . . . . . 21 Page full font selection . . . 48 centering . . . . . . . . 19 full tiny font selection . 53 count . . . . . . . . . . 26 header, changing . . . . . 26 ejects . . . . . . . . . . 30 IBM binders . . . . . . . 31 formatting . . . . . . . . 15 incompatible . . . . . . . 13 layout . . . . . . . . . . 20 indentation, right . . . . 31 numbers . . . . . 26, 28, 43 indenting lines . . . . . 28 overflow . . . . . . . . . 39 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 88 4Print User's Guide selection . . . . . . . . 42 Quick printing . . . 20, 43, 75 Page breaks, WordStar . . . . 55 Quick start . . . . . . . . . 4 Pages, facing . . . . . . . . 66 Pamphlets . . . . . . . . . . 72 ─ R ─ Paper curl . . . . . . . . . . . 9 RAM cartridge . . . . 5, 38, 48 handling . . . . . . . . . 15 Read-only file . . . . . . . 69 jams . . . . . . . . . 9, 43 README.DOC . . . . . . . . . 5 stacking . . . . . . . . . 11 Rear output tray . . . . . . 10 Paper tray Redirection of output . 15, 38, lower . . . . . . . . . . 76 41, 69, 76 selection . . . . . . . . 40 Reduction of print area . . . 45 Paradox . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Report formats . . . . . 60, 62 Paragraph . . . . . . . . . . 65 Reprinting selected pages . . 42 Partial printout . . 42, 56, 70 Reverse pass . . . . . . . . 10 Partially printed pages . . . 30 Right indentation . . . . . . 31 Pascal . . . . . . . . . . . 57 listings . . . . . . . . . 34 ─ S ─ Permanent font . . . 48, 53, 54 Press Enter prompt 10, 41, 44, Saddle stitching . . . . . . 39 73, 75 Saving output for later . . . 42 Print area . . . . . . . 45, 46 Scan pass 10, 18, 40, 42, 43, 58 Print destination . 15, 38, 41, Selecting columns . . . . . . 23 69, 76 Selection of font . . . . . . 48 Print spooler . . . . . . 69, 73 Selection of tray . . . . . . 40 Printer Selection, tiny font . . . . 53 compatibility . . . . . . 1 Selective printing by page . 42 driver . . . . . . . . . . 65 Selective printing by side . 40 initialization . . . . . . 73 Setting tab width . . . . . . 52 mechanics . . . . . . . . 37 Shared printer . . . . . . . 73 off-line . . . . . . . . . 69 Short binding . . . . . . 39, 58 shared . . . . . . . . . . 73 Short printouts . . . . . . . 56 sharing . . . . . . . . . 69 Single page file . . . . . . 10 Printing by side . . . . . . 40 Single sided printing . . 44, 75 Printing on one side only . . 44 Slow computer . . . . . . . . 44 Printing selected pages . . . 42 Smushing documents . . . 36, 58 PRN . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 69 Soft fonts . . . 1, 47, 48, 52 Problems . . . . . . . . . . 69 landscape . . . . . . . . 38 Processing order . . . . . . 12 Specifying files . . . . . . 13 Program listings . 34, 41, 44, Spooler, print . . . . . 69, 73 45, 52, 54, 57 Spreadsheets . . 25, 52, 54, 61 Programmer's wrap . . . . 34, 77 wide . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Programmers . . . . . . . . . 57 Squashed font . . . . . . . . 51 Projections, financial . . . 63 Stacking, paper . . . . . . . 11 Prompt, "Press Enter" . 10, 41, Standard HP printers . . . . 46 44, 73, 75 Standard LaserJet layout . . 29 Prompts, avoiding . . . . . . 44 Starting line number . . . . 31 Proportional font . . 47, 51, 76 Startup file . . 12, 41, 46, 53 Stripping high order bits . . 55 ─ Q ─ Substitutions, title or header 27 Suppressing initial columns . 24 Quattro Pro . . . . . . . . . 62 Suppressing the title . . . . 26 Questions . . . . . . . . . . 69 Switches . . . . . . . . . . 11 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Index 89 Switching fonts . . . . . . . 50 database reports . . . . . 61 documents . . . . . . 34, 53 ─ T ─ grandfathered option . . . 52 program listings . . . . . 57 T-frame . . . . . . . . . 17, 21 spreadsheets . 25, 52, 54, 63 Tab characters . 52, 58, 65, 76 Word processors . . . . . . . 34 Tabs, nonstandard . . . . . . 52 applications . . . . . . . 64 Temporary files . . . . . . . 73 Word wrapping . 20, 28, 34, 57, Text, inserting . . . . . . . 23 65, 66, 77 Tiny font . . . . 47, 52, 53, 76 Word, Microsoft . . . . . . . 34 internal . . . . . . . . . 53 WordPerfect . . . . . . . 34, 65 selection . . . . . . 53, 77 WordStar . . . . . . . . 55, 76 Title alternating . . . . . . . 32 ─ Z ─ changing . . . . . . . 26, 76 default . . . . . . . 28, 76 Zapping 4PRINT.EXE . . . . . 75 placement . . . . . . 32, 76 substitutions . . . . . . 27 suppressed text in . . . . 27 suppressing . . . . . . . 26 tracking . . . . . . . . . 21 Toggle switches . . . . . . . 11 Top indent . . . . . . . . . 33 Top of page . . . . . . . . . 35 Transposing columns . . . . . 23 Tray selection . . . . . . . 40 Tray, lower . . . . . . . . . 76 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . 69 Truncated printouts . . . . . 56 Truncating lines . . 32, 57, 76 Truncating text . . . . . . . 25 ─ U ─ Unattended mode . . . 44, 73, 75 Uncurling the paper . . . . . 45 Underlining . . . . . 49, 55, 64 Underscores . . . . . . . 26, 36 Unformatted files . . . . . . 30 UNIX conventions . . . . . . 11 Upper paper tray . . . . . . 40 Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 ─ V ─ Vertical centering . . . . . 19 Vertical compression . 37, 45, 71, 76 Vertical expansion . . . 46, 76 ─ W ─ Wide . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 90 4Print User's Guide 4PRINT 4.1 ORDER FORM Remit to: Korenthal Associates, Inc. Orders: 1-800-KA-PROGS 230 West 13th Street Info: 1-212-242-1790 New York, NY 10011 Fax: 1-212-242-2599 U.S.A. CIS: [76004,2605] 4Print (with 4Book, 4Fold, and KAZap) Qty ____ @ $49.95 $_________ 4Shell (Windows interface for 4Print) Qty ____ @ $20.00 $_________ Babble! (creativity tool for writers) Qty ____ @ $25.00 $_________ Best of Babble!, Volume 1 Qty ____ @ $10.00 $_________ 4Print Site License, 5-10 users @ $250.00 $_________ Windows version (includes 4Shell) @ $350.00 $_________ 4Print Site License, 11-25 users @ $550.00 $_________ Windows version (includes 4Shell) @ $770.00 $_________ (See SITELIC.DOC for additional information) New York residents add applicable sales tax: $_________ Shipping and handling, US/Canada: $4 per copy All other countries: $10 per copy $_________ Total $_________ Payment by: ( ) Check (U.S. funds only, drawn on a U.S. bank) ( ) MasterCard ( ) Visa ( ) PO # ______________ Card #: ____________________________________ Exp. Date: _____________ Signature of card holder: ____________________________________________ Name: _____________________________________ Title: _______________ Company: _____________________________________________________________ Address: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Day Phone: ________________________ Evening: ________________________ Disk format: ( ) 5.25" ( ) 3.5" Where did you get your copy of 4PRINT? _______________________________ [4PRINT 4.10-U] 4PRINT 4.1 ORDER FORM Remit to: Korenthal Associates, Inc. Orders: 1-800-KA-PROGS 230 West 13th Street Info: 1-212-242-1790 New York, NY 10011 Fax: 1-212-242-2599 U.S.A. CIS: [76004,2605] 4Print (with 4Book, 4Fold, and KAZap) Qty ____ @ $49.95 $_________ 4Shell (Windows interface for 4Print) Qty ____ @ $20.00 $_________ Babble! (creativity tool for writers) Qty ____ @ $25.00 $_________ Best of Babble!, Volume 1 Qty ____ @ $10.00 $_________ 4Print Site License, 5-10 users @ $250.00 $_________ Windows version (includes 4Shell) @ $350.00 $_________ 4Print Site License, 11-25 users @ $550.00 $_________ Windows version (includes 4Shell) @ $770.00 $_________ (See SITELIC.DOC for additional information) New York residents add applicable sales tax: $_________ Shipping and handling, US/Canada: $4 per copy All other countries: $10 per copy $_________ Total $_________ Payment by: ( ) Check (U.S. funds only, drawn on a U.S. bank) ( ) MasterCard ( ) Visa ( ) PO # ______________ Card #: ____________________________________ Exp. Date: _____________ Signature of card holder: ____________________________________________ Name: _____________________________________ Title: _______________ Company: _____________________________________________________________ Address: _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Day Phone: ________________________ Evening: ________________________ Disk format: ( ) 5.25" ( ) 3.5" Where did you get your copy of 4PRINT? _______________________________ [4PRINT 4.10-U]