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SAVE and LOAD File Utilities October, 1989 Program Documentation Copyright (C) 1989 Battelle All Rights Reserved Introduction ------------ The SAVE/LOAD programs were developed at Battelle because of a need for a convenient file transfer mechanism between different MS-DOS based computer systems. Surprising as it may seem, there doesn't appear to be a convenient and reliable means of transferring files between different computer systems, except in special circumstances when all computer systems are configured the same or nearly the same. There are several problems associated with transferring files between different systems: o Normal backup/restore software is not always convenient to use because many of these packages set the 'archive' flag, which then confuses your normal backup/restore procedures (the next time you do a backup, your backup software thinks that it has already backed up a modified file that was involved in the transfer). Some backup packages provide a means of not setting the 'archive' flag, but you have to remember to go into your backup software, set this option, perform the backup, and then reset the option. This often can be time-consuming and confusing. o Disregarding the problems associated with the above for the moment, the DOS BACKUP/RESTORE might be a convenient mechanism for file transfer except that the format of backup files changed between versions 3.2 and 3.3 resulting in version 3.2 not being able to read 3.3 backups. In addition, version 3.3 BACKUP/RESTORE will not run under version 3.2, etc. o DOS's COPY or XCOPY are useful if you don't have files larger than the capacity of the transfer media you are using. However, sometimes you do have large files which can't be accommodated by this method. o Third party backup/restore software might be a good solution (disregarding the archive flag issue), except that you must install these usually large programs on the computer system you are transferring the files to if they're not already there. This installation can involve a certain amount of time because you sometimes have to "tune" it to the machine. For these reasons and others, the SAVE and LOAD programs were developed. The basic criteria for these programs were: o They should be convenient to use with little setup time. o They had to be capable of transferring large files. o They shouldn't disturb the normal backup process. o They should be as small as possible to avoid carrying around excess software. o They should function on all DOS operating systems from 2.0 thru 4.x. o They should be as reliable as possible. o They should be fairly efficient although this wasn't of utmost importance (reliability was the more important factor). The basic functioning of SAVE and LOAD is similar to DOS BACKUP and RESTORE. This model was selected since many users are already familiar with these utilities: SAVE is like BACKUP, LOAD is like RESTORE. Much of the functions of BACKUP/RESTORE can be performed under SAVE/LOAD. However, since the primary purpose of SAVE/LOAD was not backup, the default options are somewhat different to accommodate the criteria listed above. It was decided not to incorporate a menu oriented system into SAVE/LOAD because typically such systems increase the executable size considerably. In addition, these systems sometimes make automatic batch execution difficult (although they are certainly more user-friendly). The separation of functions into two programs, SAVE and LOAD, was also convenient in that only LOAD need be taken to install files on the destination computer. There is a provision available to execute LOAD directly from the transfer disk so no install is required. Both SAVE and LOAD are documented in the following pages. Examples of various options are also presented. Please refer to these examples for specific requirements. SAVE and LOAD have been tested extensively, although not all possible configurations were available for test. Consequently, there might be some cases in which the software doesn't function properly. If you find this is the situation, we would appreciate your letting us know so that we can fix the problem. Even if you don't find any problems, we would still like to hear from you regarding future enhancements that might make these utilities more useful. Suggestions/problems can be posted to CompuServ ID [76117,2611] or you can write directly to: Battelle P.O. Box 8399 Columbus, Ohio 43201 SAVE ---- The SAVE program may be used to save/backup one or more DOS files from one disk to another. Typically, the disk to which the files are transferred is a floppy disk, although hard disks may also be used. When used in conjunction with the LOAD program, you have a quick and convenient means of copying files from one computer system to another without affecting current backup procedures. The general syntax for executing SAVE is as follows: SAVE <source-path> <destination-drive> <switches> where: <source-path> is any valid DOS file path specification which specifies the files to be saved. This specification may include the wildcard characters '*' and '?'. The <source-path> must include the source drive specification. For example, a <source-path> specification might be C:\XXX\*.COM which indicates that all COM files on the C drive in the XXX sub- directory are to be saved. <destination-drive> is any valid DOS drive specification which specifies where the files will be placed. For example, a <destination-drive> specification might be A: which indicates that the A floppy disk is where SAVE should place the saved files. There are a number of <switches> which may be used to modify the general behavior of SAVE. A short summary is given below with a more complete explanation on the following pages: /s Include all subdirectories. /a Append to current save information. /m Save only modified files. /n Do not delete current files on destination disk. /b Set backup up (archived) status in source files. /c Compress source files while saving to destination disk. /e Estimate amount to be saved. /x Don't prompt for first save disk. /d:<mm-dd-yy> Save files modified on or after the date <mm-dd-yy>. /t:<hh:mm:ss> Save files modified on or after the time <hh:mm:ss>. /l:<filename> Create/update save log on <filename>. This summary can be obtained by invoking SAVE without parameters. SAVE Switches ------------- Switch Function ---------- ------------------------------------------------- /s In addition to the files indicated by the source path specification, all subdirectories beneath the source path will also be searched using the file specification given in <source-path>. /a This switch indicates that files which match the source path specification should be appended to currently existing SAVE information on the destination drive. /m Only files which meet the source specification and have been modified will be saved. NOTE: DOS associates a set of flags with each file. One of these flags indicates whether the file has been archived (backed up) or not. When a file is newly created or is modified, this flag is set to indicate that the file needs to be backed up. After a backup has been performed, the backup program normally sets this flag to indicate that a given file has been archived. The /m switch here keys off of this flag in determining whether to save a file or not. /b When this switch is specified, the SAVE program will set the archived flag for each file that is SAVEd. The archive flag indicates that a file has been backed up (see the /m NOTE above). If the /b switch is not given, SAVE's default is not to set the archived flag. /c This switch indicates that the source files should be compressed before placing them on the destination drive. Note that the source files on the source drive are not affected by this option. The compression algorithm used is a simple run-length scheme (repeated bytes are compressed) and does not provide the same degree of compression as typical archiver programs. /e This switch indicates that an estimate is to be made of how many files, etc. meet the source specification. This option is useful for estimating how many floppy disks are required to perform a given SAVE. When specifying this option, you do not need to specify the destination drive since only the source specification is used. See the /l option below for additional information. /x Normally SAVE, when executed, will prompt you to place a disk in the destination drive. This switch tells SAVE to assume that the disk is already in the drive and not to prompt you. This is useful when running a series of SAVEs from a a batch file. /d:<mm-dd-yy> This switch indicates that only files modified on or after the date mm-dd-yy should be saved. The date is specified by month (mm), day (dd), and the last two digits of the year (yy). /t:<hh:mm:ss> This switch indicates that only files modified on or after the time hh:mm:ss should be saved. The time must be specified in a 24-hour clock format where hh is the hours from midnight, mm is the minutes, and ss is the seconds. Partial times may be specified with the unspecified parts assumed to be 0. If the date is not specified also, the current date is assumed. /l:filename This switch has several functions. When specified with a normal save operation, the 'filename' indicates a file path where logging information is to be stored. If 'filename' exists, the log information will be appended to the currently existing information. The log information indicates when a save was performed, what disk the saved files were placed on, and information about each file saved. You may not place this log information on the destination drive. If only the /l switch is specified without a filename specification, then the log file is placed in the root directory of the source drive with the filename of SAVE.LOG. If the /l switch is specified with the /e switch, a listing of the filenames which meet the source file specification will be written to the CON: device (normally, this is the screen). This listing can be redirected with the '>' redirection to a file if required. SAVE Operation -------------- The SAVE and LOAD programs are normally used in combination to save and restore files on disks of different media types. They function is very similar to the DOS BACKUP and RESTORE so if you are familiar with these programs, you will have no trouble using SAVE and LOAD. SAVE can save files from: o Fixed disk to diskette o Diskette to diskette o Diskette to fixed disk o Fixed disk to fixed disk Disks used in the destination drive do not have to be formatted in the same manner. For example, if you are using a high-density 5.25" floppy drive as your destination drive for a save operation, you may mix 360K formatted disks with 1.2MB formatted disks. The same provision applies if you are using a high-density 3.5" floppy drive as the destination drive (720K disks may be mixed with 1.4M formatted disks). There is no provision within SAVE for formatting disks. There is, however, a provision to suspend SAVE's operation when it is prompting for another disk. This provision may be used to execute whichever formatting program you normally use to format disks. In addition, the suspend provision may be used in other ways during long save operations. To suspend the operation of SAVE, press ESC when you see the prompt for a new disk. You may then carry out any DOS command, including FORMAT for preparing a new diskette. When you finish with your command, simply give the command, EXIT to return to your SAVE routine. During SAVE execution, you may stop the execution of SAVE by typing CTRL-C at the keyboard. This immediately stops SAVE and returns you to the DOS prompt. Information which is being saved to the destination disk is left in an unusable state on the destination disk so care should be taken not to use this option if you are having SAVE set the archive flag during the save operation. Normally you would only use this option if you are not using the /b switch and you decide not to perform the save or would like to start over with a different save specification. SAVE, as the default, deletes the files on the destination drive before starting a save operation, unless you specify otherwise with the /a or the /n switches. With the /a option, SAVE's information (SAVEINFO.nnn) and data (SAVE.nnn) files will be appended to. With the /n option, these files will be deleted and new ones will be created. However, in this latter option, other files which exist on the destination drive will not be deleted. Some safeguards are built into SAVE regarding deletion of files on the destination drive. If you are using DOS 3.0 or higher and the destination drive is a non-removable media (e.g., a hard disk), or if the destination drive capacity is greater than 1.5MB, SAVE will prompt you to determine if you want to delete files on the destination drive even though you didn't specify the /n option. This was provided to prevent accidental deletion of files when saving to a hard disk. SAVE will not save files which are marked as hidden or system. These file attributes are normally associated with files that have to be placed in specific disk locations. If you wish to transfer or save these types of files, you should use other techniques than SAVE. SAVE EXAMPLES ------------- The following example saves all files, including all subdirectories, from the fixed disk C to the disk in drive A: SAVE C:\*.* A: /S This example saves only the files in the root directory of drive C to the disk in drive A: SAVE C:\*.* A: This example saves the files in the current directory (working directory) of drive C to the disk in drive A: SAVE C:*.* A: This example saves the file XXX.DAT, located in the root directory of drive A, to the fixed disk drive C: SAVE A:\XXX.DAT C: The following example adds all files which have been modified on drive C to files already saved on drive B: SAVE C:\*.* B: /S /A The following example provides an estimate of how many files and disks will be required to save all of the COM files on the C drive: SAVE C:\*.COM /S /E This example performs the same estimate as the above example but in addition it lists all the COM filenames to the screen: SAVE C:\*.COM /S /E /L The following batch file, when executed, saves all files in the subdirectories C:\WRK, C:\NEW, and C:\OLD to the disk in drive A: SAVE C:\WRK\*.* A: SAVE C:\NEW\*.* A: /A /X SAVE C:\OLD\*.* A: /A /X This example places the LOAD program on the disk in drive A and then saves the subdirectory C:\DISTRIB to the same drive so that the files on the disk created can be used as a distribution disk. COPY LOAD.EXE A: SAVE C:\DISTRIB\*.* A: /N /X This example saves all files which have been modified on drive D to drive B and indicates that the files have been archived on drive D: SAVE D:\*.* B: /S /B /M The following example saves files modified on or after September 22, 1989 from drive C to drive B: SAVE C:\*.* /S /D:9-22-89 B: This example saves all files on drive D modified after noon today to the disk in drive A: SAVE D:\*.* /S /M /T:12 A: LOAD ---- LOAD is the companion program for SAVE. Files saved using SAVE can be reloaded to the same or another computer system using LOAD. The general syntax for executing LOAD is as follows: LOAD <source-drive> <destination-path> <switches> where: <source-drive> is any valid DOS drive specification which specifies where the files to be loaded are located. For example, a <source-drive> specification might be A: which indicates that the A floppy disk is where LOAD should read the files to be loaded. <destination-path> is any valid DOS file path specification which specifies where the files are to be loaded (this is not entirely true if you use the /r switch). This specification may include the wildcard characters '*' and '?' The <destination-path> must include the destination drive specification. For example, a <destination-path> specification might be C:\XXX\*.DAT which indicates that all files that have been saved from the \XXX subdirectory with a file extension of DAT should be loaded into the corresponding subdirectory on drive C. There are currently only 4 switches which may be used to modify the general behavior of LOAD. A short summary is given below with a more complete explanation on the following pages: /s Include all subdirectories /p Prompt before overwriting newer existing files /v View files on SAVE disk /r Load files relative to current directory This command summary can be obtained by invoking LOAD without any parameters. This is useful as a reminder of what each switch means without having to look at the documentation. LOAD Switches ------------- Switch Function ---------- ------------------------------------------------- /s In addition to the files indicated in the destination path specification, all files in subdirectories beneath the destination path which meet the destination path specification will be loaded. /p This switch indicates that, during loading, if LOAD encounters an existing file on the destination drive which meets the destination path specification, has been modified, and the modification date is more recent than that contained on the SAVE disk, the user should be prompted to determine whether to load the file or not. /v This switch provides a mechanism for viewing which files have been saved on a particular SAVE disk. When /v is used, the other switches are ignored. Additionally, you don't have to specify the destination path. No file loading is performed. /r This switch allows you to load files into a directory structure different from the one they were saved under. Specifically, this switch can be read as 'relative' or 'relocate'. Files which would have been loaded into the directory structure indicated by the destination path are relocated to the current directory. If the /s switch is also specified, subdirectories are also loaded relative to the current directory (see LOAD examples for details). Your current drive must be the same as the drive specified in the destination path. LOAD Operation -------------- LOAD restores/loads files which were saved using the SAVE program. It is functionally similar to the DOS RESTORE program. Typical operation loads files into the same directory structure they were saved under. If directories or subdirectories do not exist on the destination disk, they are created by LOAD during the loading operation. When you execute LOAD to restore files, LOAD will prompt you to place the first SAVE disk in the source drive. It will then check this disk for files which meet the destination path specification and load any files which meet this criteria. It will prompt you for additional disks as necessary in searching for the requested files. LOAD normally prompts you to place a specific disk in the source drive (e.g., SAVE disk 1). If you know on which disk the required files have been saved, you can place that disk in the source drive instead of the disk requested by LOAD. LOAD will detect this and continue accordingly. Otherwise, LOAD will ask for each SAVE disk consecutively in looking for the requested files. You can determine which files have been placed on which SAVE disks by using the /v option within LOAD. You can also inspect the log file created during the SAVE operation to determine which disks contain which files. When LOAD is prompting for another disk, you may suspend LOAD processing by typing ESC. LOAD will execute another command processor, putting you at the DOS command level. After you are finished, you should type EXIT to resume LOAD processing. Care should be taken while at the DOS command level not to modify/delete the file which LOAD is currently loading as unexpected results can occur. During LOAD operations, you are prompted to place a disk in the source drive unless it is a hard drive. The destination drive is assumed to be already in place with sufficient free storage to accommodate any files that will be loaded. LOAD Examples ------------- This example shows how one would load all files which have been saved (including subdirectories) from the source drive A to the destination drive C. LOAD A: C:\*.* /S or LOAD A: C: The following example loads files with an extension of COM (that were saved from the current directory) from drive A to drive C. LOAD A: C:*.COM In the above example, since the directory or subdirectory was not specified, the current directory on drive C would be used. This example loads a specific file, DATA.XXX, from drive B to drive D. LOAD B: D:\STUFF\DATA.XXX The following example loads all files from the SAVE disks in drive A to drive C, and prompts you if any files on drive C that match files on drive A have changed since they were last saved. You may then choose whether to load these files or not. LOAD A: C:\*.* /S /P This example shows how you would find out what files are contained on the SAVE disk in drive A. LOAD A: /V The following example loads the file INFO.DAT, which was originally saved from the subdirectory D:\DB\FILES, to the current directory on drive C. LOAD A: C:\DB\FILES\INFO.DAT /R The current directory does not have to be \DB\FILES. This example loads all files, including subdirectories, from drive A to the current directory on drive C. Subdirectories are created beneath the current directory as necessary. LOAD A: C:\*.* /S /R In the above, if the files on the SAVE disk were originally saved from the directories D:\, D:\DB, D:\NEW, and if the current directory on drive C were C:\XXX, files would be loaded into the corresponding directory structure C:\XXX, C:\XXX\DB, C:\XXX\NEW. Copyright Notice ---------------- No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language (natural or computer), in any form or by any means, except as described in the following license without the prior written permission of Battelle. You are granted a limited license to use the software described in this manual. The software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of that license. Information in this manual is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Battelle. SINGLE COPY SOFTWARE LICENSE BATTELLE ---------------------------- THIS IS A SINGLE COPY SOFTWARE LICENSE granted by BATTELLE, an Ohio corporation, with its mailing address at 505 King Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43201. SAVE/LOAD is licensed to you as the end user. It is not sold. o SAVE/LOAD is copyrighted material. You may use it on a trial basis provided you do not violate the copyright and you follow these simple rules. Use of SAVE/LOAD on a regular basis requires registration as indicated in the SAVE/LOAD order form. o You may not make any changes or modifications to SAVE/LOAD, and you may not decompile, disassemble, or otherwise reverse-engineer it. You may not rent or lease it to others. o You may make copies of SAVE/LOAD only under the terms of the following section entitled "Limited License to Copy". o This Software is Commercial Computer Software under Federal Government Acquisition Regulations and agency supplements to them. The Software is provided to the Federal Government and its agencies only under the Restricted Rights Provisions of the Federal Acquisition Regulations applicable to commercial computer software developed at private expense and not in the public domain. The Use, Duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subdivision (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at 252.227-7013. o The User assumes the responsibility for the selection of the program to meet his requirements, and for the installation, use, and results of this program. THESE ARE THE ONLY WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, THAT ARE MADE BY BATTELLE ON THIS PRODUCT. IN NO EVENT SHALL BATTELLE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION, AND THE LIKE) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE SUCH PRODUCT EVEN IF BATTELLE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. BECAUSE SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. o The warranties set forth above are in lieu of all other express and implied warranties, whether oral, written, or implied, and the remedies set forth above are your sole and exclusive remedies. o This License constitutes the entire agreement and understanding between the parties and supersedes any prior agreement or understanding whether oral or written, relating to the subject of this License. This Agreement may only be modified by a written agreement signed by BATTELLE. LIMITED LICENSE TO COPY ----------------------- You are granted a limited license to copy SAVE/LOAD only for the trial use of others subject to the software license described above. In addition: o SAVE/LOAD must be copied in unmodified form, complete with the following files: SAVE.EXE - The SAVE program LOAD.EXE - The LOAD program SAVELOAD.DOC - The SAVE/LOAD documentation o The full and unmodified SAVE/LOAD documentation (SAVELOAD.DOC) must be included with the copy. o No fee, charge or other compensation may be accepted or requested by anyone without express written permission from BATTELLE. o SAVE/LOAD may not be distributed in conjunction with any other product or service without a specific license to do so from BATTELLE. Operators of electronic bulletin board systems (Sysops) may post SAVE/LOAD for downloading by their users without written permission only as long as the above conditions are met. A fee may be charged for access to the BBS as long as no specific fee is charged for access to the SAVE/LOAD files. SAVE/LOAD Registration Form Send to: Battelle P.O. Box 8399 Columbus, OH 43201 I want to register SAVE/LOAD. Enclosed is: ___ copies of SAVE/LOAD at $25 each $ ____________ (Ohio residents please add 5.5% tax) Tax: $ ____________ (U.S.: $3, Canada: $8, Other: $15) Shipping: $ ____________ Total Enclosed: $ ____________ Name: ___________________________________________________________ Co : ___________________________________________________________ Addr: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ City: ______________________ State: _______ Zip: ________________ Phone: ___________________________________________________________ Payment by: MC _____ VISA _____ CHECK _____ Cardnumber: ______________________________________________________ Expiration: ______________________________________________________ Cardholder Signature: ______________________________________________________ Written purchase orders are accepted in amounts over $100 only. Sorry, no CODs. ORDERS OUTSIDE THE U.S.: Use MC or VISA, or send check or money order in U.S. funds drawn on U.S. bank. Otherwise add $10 for collection. I understand that for this registration, I will receive a printed copy of the SAVE/LOAD documentation and a disk containing the most recent versions of the SAVE and LOAD programs without the shareware messages.