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- Date: Tue, 20 Jun 89 13:42:58 CDT
- From: "Rich Winkel - UMC Math Department" <MATHRICH@UMCVMB.MISSOURI.EDU>
- To: Info-IBMPC@WSMR-SIMTEL20.ARMY.MIL
- Subject: Re: Resetting Interleave on a Slow Hard Disk
-
- Your low disk performance is probably due to a non-optimal interleave
- factor. The interleave is a number which indicates how many physical
- sectors lie between consecutive logical sectors on a track. With a fast
- enough controller and cpu, the logical sectors could be placed in
- sequential order around the track, but with a PC-level machine reading
- consecutive sectors, by the time the machine is finished digesting sector
- N, the next physical sector has already passed by the head, so it can't be
- read until the disk undergoes a full rotation. The solution is to place
- logical sector N+1 two or more sectors away from sector N, so that N+1 is
- about to pass under the head at the same time that the hardware is ready
- for it. Anyway, on PC style machines, an interleave of 3 is usually best.
- The original IBM XTs came with an interleave factor of 6, so the hard disk
- had about half the performance that it was capable of. The interleave
- factor is determined at 'primary format' time. Primary formatting is NOT
- what the dos FORMAT.COM does. If you want to do a primary format, you
- have to either use debug to write your own short machine language program,
- or, on some hard disk controllers, you can run a relatively 'user
- friendly' routine that's built into your hard disk bios at address C800:5.
- I recommend writing the program, since not all controllers have the C800:5
- routine. Here's what you do:
-
- DEBUG (run debug.com from the dos prompt)
- A 100 ; assemble a program
- MOV AX,0703 ; the 03 here is the interleave to use
- XOR BX,BX
- MOV ES,BX ; this gets around a pesky bug in the XT bios
- MOV CX,0001
- MOV DX,0080 ; use 80 for the first hard disk, 81 for second
- INT 13 ; do the format ... takes a few minutes
- INT 20 ; terminate program
- (enter a null line here to get out of input mode)
- G (run the program that you just typed in)
- Q (exit to dos)
-
- After this, you'll need to run FDISK and the dos FORMAT to finish setting
- up the disk. Of course, don't forget to BACK UP YOUR FILES before you do
- anything ... this procedure will wipe the slate clean.
-
- Rich
-