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Pas-Ed (TM) version 1.0 Programmer's Editor for Pascal ┌───────────────┐ │ USER'S MANUAL │ └───────────────┘ Copyright (C) 1989 by Hedco, Inc. All rights reserved. October, 1989 ──────────────────────── Hedco, Inc. P.O. Box 606 Tehachapi, CA 93581 USA Telephone: (805) 821-0167 Monday through Friday, 9am to 5pm Pacific time On CompuServe: 76137,1656 Title Page Pas-Ed Manual Copyrights and Trademarks ───────────────────────── Pas-Ed version 1.0 is copyrighted (C) 1989 by Hedco, Inc. Pas-Ed and HEDCO are trademarks of Hedco, Inc. Turbo Pascal, Turbo Debugger, Turbo Assembler, and Sidekick are registered trademarks of Borland International, Inc. TurboPower Software is a trademark of TurboPower Software, Inc. WordStar is a registered trademark of WordStar International, Inc. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. Acknowledgments ─────────────── The EMS/Disk swapping routine is based on the public domain unit EXECSWAP written by Kim Kokkonen of TurboPower Software. Preface Pas-Ed Manual - Page i Pas-Ed License Agreement ──────────────────────── DEFINITIONS ─────────── Hedco - Hedco, Inc. Pas-Ed - The Pas-Ed software and documentation. LICENSE ─────── Pas-Ed is a copyrighted, proprietary program of Hedco. A single-user limited license is granted to you to use Pas-Ed for your personal use for a fifteen (15) day trial period. If you would like to purchase a single-user license to continue to use Pas-Ed after the trial period, you may do so by making a $40 payment to Hedco at the address shown on the Title Page of this manual. To purchase a group license, contact Hedco for fees and instructions. If you do not purchase a license from Hedco to use Pas-Ed, you must discontinue use of Pas-Ed after the 15 day trial period. LIMITED, EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY ─────────────────────────── Hedco warrants that the software will perform substantially as described in the documentation for a period of 30 days from the date of purchase. Hedco makes no other warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the software or its documentation, their quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. This Limited Warranty is void if the software or documentation has been abused, misapplied, or altered. LIABILITY DISCLAIMER AND REMEDIES ───────────────────────────────── In no event will Hedco be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use Pas-Ed even if Hedco has been advised of the possibility of such damages, and the entire and exclusive liability and remedy shall be to return Pas-Ed to Hedco within the warranty period for replacement or refund. GOVERNING LAW ───────────── This License Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California, and any action filed hereunder shall only be brought in Kern County, California. Preface Pas-Ed Manual - Page ii Table of Contents ───────────────── Preface Page i Copyrights and Trademarks ............................ i Pas-Ed License Agreement ............................. ii Chapter 1 Introduction To Pas-Ed Page 1 About This Manual .................................... 1 About Pas-Ed ......................................... 1 System Requirements .................................. 2 Contacting Hedco ..................................... 3 Chapter 2 Setting Up Pas-Ed Page 4 Pas-Ed Files ......................................... 4 Getting Pas-Ed Ready ................................. 4 Starting Pas-Ed ...................................... 5 The Opening Screen ................................... 6 Navigating The Menu System ........................... 6 The Options Menu ..................................... 7 The Color Chart ...................................... 9 Setting Up The Macros ................................ 10 Setting Up Turbo Pascal .............................. 10 Ready To Go .......................................... 11 Chapter 3 A Tour Of Pas-Ed Page 12 Getting Ready ........................................ 12 Restoring Your Setup ................................. 12 The Editor ........................................... 13 The Window Menu ...................................... 14 The Search Menu ...................................... 14 The Macro Menu ....................................... 15 The Other Menus ...................................... 16 The Pop-up Tables .................................... 16 Chapter 4 The Pas-Ed Menu System Page 17 About The Menus ...................................... 17 The Menu Selections .................................. 17 File Menu ............................................ 17 Window Menu .......................................... 18 Edit Menu ............................................ 19 Search Menu .......................................... 20 Macros Menu .......................................... 21 Table of Contents Pas-Ed Manual Chapter 4 The Pas-Ed Menu System (continued) Compile Menu ......................................... 22 Run Menu ............................................. 23 Debug Menu ........................................... 23 Language Menu ........................................ 23 Options Menu ......................................... 27 Chapter 5 The Pas-Ed Editor Page 31 About The Editor ..................................... 31 The Editor Message Line .............................. 31 The Editor Status Line ............................... 32 The Function Keys .................................... 32 Entering Text ........................................ 33 Chapter 6 Hints On Using Pas-Ed Page 34 Table of Contents Pas-Ed Manual Chapter 1 - Introduction To Pas-Ed ────────────────────────────────── About This Manual ───────────────── This manual is organized into six chapters: Chapter 1 - Introduction To Pas-Ed (this chapter) Chapter 2 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Chapter 3 - A Tour of Pas-Ed Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Editor Chapter 6 - Hints on Using Pas-Ed It's assumed in this manual that you're familiar with Turbo Pascal and the Turbo integrated development environment (IDE). The Pas-Ed editor is identical to the editor in the Turbo IDE. This manual doesn't attempt to explain the intricacies of Turbo Pascal or of WordStar-type editors. These subjects are covered in detail in the Turbo Pascal manuals, which you're assumed to have. This manual strives to get you, the programmer, up and running with Pas-Ed in as little time as possible. This is accomplished via a hands-on, setup tutorial in Chapter 2, Setting Up Pas-Ed. Completing this tutorial should take about 15-20 minutes, by which time you should have Pas-Ed set up to your liking. Users familiar with the Turbo IDE or Sidekick should have no trouble running Pas-Ed at that point. Those who would like a more complete introduction are encouraged to read Chapter 3, A Tour of Pas-Ed, which steps you through some of the more important features of Pas-Ed as they're explained. We also recommend browsing through Chapter 6 - Hints on Using Pas-Ed. About Pas-Ed ──────────── Pas-Ed is an ASCII file programmer's editor created to streamline the process of editing, compiling, debugging, and running programs written in Turbo Pascal. Since it's an ASCII file editor, Pas-Ed can also be used to edit programs for other compilers, but it will be clear when you run Pas-Ed that it's main forte is Turbo Pascal. Pas-Ed's support for Turbo Pascal is unmatched by any other programmer's editor. Pas-Ed combines the ease of use of the Turbo IDE with sophisticated multi-file and memory handling abilities. Some of Pas-Ed's features include: - An integrated development environment for ease of use. Chapter 1 - Introduction To Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 1 - Edit up to 21 files in a combination of DOS and EMS memory. - Windows that can be individually opened and closed, zoomed and unzoomed, hidden and unhidden, and recolored. - 43/50 line screen modes on EGA/VGA systems. - Direct menu support for all Turbo Pascal compiler and linker switches. - Automatic TPC.CFG compiler configuration file generation based on menu selections. - EMS or disk swapping during DOS shells and compile, debug and run sessions, which frees up all but 6.4k of DOS memory. - Automatic error locating including /F Find Error. - Debug programs from within Pas-Ed by using Turbo Debugger. - Automatic restoration of the previous setup at startup. - Keyboard macros with adjustable playback delay. - Inter-file block copy and move of text. - Find and replace using text from a marked block. - Jump to a specific file or line number. - 10 placemarkers that operate within and between files. - Pop-up ASCII character table (shows the ASCII character and its decimal, hex, and binary values, plus, if the ASCII value is under 32, the control code). - Pop-up extended key code table (shows the extended key codes of the function keys, <Alt> + keys, arrow keys, etc.). System Requirements ─────────────────── Hedco recommends that you run Pas-Ed on a computer system with at least 512k of DOS memory and a hard disk. EMS memory is not required. Pas-Ed will run on a high-capacity floppy disk system, but you should realize that DOS memory swaps will necessarily be slow if they must be made to disk. Also, because Pas-Ed leaves such a small kernel in memory, swap sizes will approach the amount of free DOS memory as reported by CHKDSK. This could be a problem on some floppy disk systems. In the following example, CHKDSK reports 451,328 bytes of free memory, which gives a good approximation of the size of the swap file: Chapter 1 - Introduction To Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 2 A:\>chkdsk 730112 bytes total disk space 45056 bytes in 2 hidden files 214016 bytes in 7 user files 471040 bytes available on disk 655360 bytes total memory 451328 bytes free In the above example, with only 471,040 bytes available on disk and a swap file size of close to 451,328 bytes, there will be almost no room left on the disk for the compiled program and/or for using a disk link buffer after the swap file has been written to disk. Systems with dual 720k floppy drives will necessarily have to use both drives. If you have a floppy disk system, no EMS memory, and only one or two edit window open, try turning EMS/Disk swapping off during DOS shells or when compiling very small programs. Pas-Ed compresses the heap when EMS/Disk swapping is disabled, and exec sessions requiring minimal amounts of memory should operate without problem. If you get insufficient memory messages, turn EMS/Disk swapping back on. Contacting Hedco ──────────────── Pas-Ed is continually evolving to meet the needs of Pascal programmers. As you use Pas-Ed, you'll undoubtedly think of additional features which Pas-Ed should have or changes that might enhance the program. Please write Hedco with your suggestions or comments. Our address is: Hedco, Inc. P.O. Box 606 Tehachapi, CA 93581 USA Telephone: (805) 821-0167 Monday through Friday, 9am to 5pm Pacific time On CompuServe: 76137,1656 Chapter 1 - Introduction To Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 3 Chapter 2 - Setting Up Pas-Ed ───────────────────────────── Pas-Ed Files ──────────── If you haven't already done so, make backup copies of the Pas-Ed files. The complete Pas-Ed package includes the following files: PAS-ED.EXE The Pas-Ed program. This is the only file needed to run Pas-Ed. PAS-ED.MAC Sample macro file. PAS-ED.MAN The complete, on-disk manual (this file). PAS-ED.CFG The Pas-Ed configuration file. This file is NOT included in the Pas-Ed package, but is listed here for completeness. It is created by Pas-Ed every time you exit the program, and contains data representing the state of Pas-Ed upon exit. It's used to restore your last setup when you restart Pas-Ed. By default, Pas-Ed uses the following programs from Borland International to compile and debug Turbo Pascal programs, although any compiler or debugger can be used: TPC.EXE The Turbo Pascal compiler and library files. These files are TURBO.TPL used to compile your source code files. TD.EXE Turbo Debugger. Getting Pas-Ed Ready ──────────────────── Those unfamiliar with setting up directories and paths and copying files should refer to your DOS or Turbo Pascal user's manuals. The easiest way to set up Pas-Ed on your computer is to copy all the necessary Pas-Ed, compiler, and debugger files into the same directory. If this isn't feasible, another method is to have the Pas-Ed, compiler, and debugger files in different directories and use DOS' PATH command to tell DOS where to look for them. For example, if the compiler files were located on your hard disk drive C in the directory \TP, the command would be: PATH = C:\TP Chapter 2 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 4 This command is best entered into your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, and you can specify several paths separated by ";", such as: PATH = C:\TP;C:\TD;D:\PAS-ED Starting Pas-Ed ─────────────── With Pas-Ed in the current directory, type "Pas-Ed". The program will load and the Pas-Ed license menu will appear. It will be necessary to accept the Pas-Ed License Agreement for the program to continue. The Pas-Ed License Agreement is located in the preface of this manual. This menu appears the first time Pas-Ed is started, and thereafter the program is entered directly. Since this is the first time the program has been run, there's no PAS-ED.CFG configuration file for Pas-Ed to read to restore the prior setup. A message to this effect appears, which, if you had previously used Pas-Ed and had created a configuration file, would alert you to possible corruption of that file so you could recheck your configuration settings. Press <Esc> to clear the message and bring up the File Name window. The File Name window is used whenever Pas-Ed needs the name of a file to edit, load, save, write to, etc. The operation of this window is explained in detail in Chapter 3 - A Tour of Pas-Ed. For now, press <Esc> to tell Pas-Ed you don't want to open a particular file. Pas-Ed has to have at least one window open (after all, there's no point in using an editor if you don't want to edit any files), so Pas-Ed opens the file NONAME.1. If this file exists in the current directory, Pas-Ed will open NONAME.2, and if NONAME.2 exists, Pas-Ed will open NONAME.3, etc. After opening the window, Pas-Ed presents you with the opening screen. Chapter 2 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 5 The Opening Screen ────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── File Window Edit Search Macros Compile Run Debug Language Options ππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ Pas-Ed (TM) version 1.0 │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ Programmer's Editor for Pascal │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ Copyright (C) 1989 by Hedco, Inc. │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ All rights reserved. │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ ──────────────────────── │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ Registration fee: $40 │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ Please send to: │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ Hedco, Inc. │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ P.O. Box 606 │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ Tehachapi, CA 93581 USA │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ Telephone: (805) 821-0167 │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ (indicate 3½" or 5¼" disks) │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ ──────────────────────── │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ Use of this software is subject to the │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ Pas-Ed License Agreement. │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ HEDCO and Pas-Ed are trademarks of Hedco, Inc. │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ│ │ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππ└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππ ππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππππ 1 Load/save files █ DOS commands █ Exit program DOS ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── The opening screen contains Pas-Ed's copyright, trademark, and registration information. The top line of the screen is Pas-Ed's main menu, and the bottom line is the status line, which contains prompt or status information. Since "File" is highlighted, the status line briefly explains the File selection. The "1" in the far left column of the status line indicates that the number 1 window is active. If you had two windows open and the second window was active, a "2" would be displayed. The "DOS" to the far right of the status line indicates where the edit buffer has been allocated, in this case DOS memory. If the buffer had been allocated in EMS memory, "EMS" would appear here. Navigating The Menu System ────────────────────────── The menu system is navigated by using either the dedicated movement keys, such as the arrow, Home, and End keys, or WordStar commands, such as <Ctrl-S> for Chapter 2 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 6 left, <Ctrl-D> for right, etc. Pressing <Enter> when the light bar is over a selection or pressing its highlighted letter selects it, and <Esc> deselects or closes a menu. Open the Options menu at this time by pressing <Alt-O>. All the main menu selections, such as File, Window, Edit, Search, etc., are "hot-keyed", meaning they can be selected from anywhere in Pas-Ed, including from the editor, by pressing the Alt key and the first letter of the selection. For example, go ahead and enter the editor now by pressing <Alt-E> and then reopen the Options menu by pressing <Alt-O>. The Options Menu ──────────────── You will notice that, when you entered the editor, the opening screen was cleared. The opening screen appears only at startup. At the top of the Options menu is "Config auto save." If this selection is on, the PAS-ED.CFG configuration file is saved to disk whenever you exit the program. This file allows Pas-Ed to restore your previous setup when you restart the program. It's a good idea to leave this option on unless you have reason not to. The next selection is "Edit file save." This selection brings up a submenu with the choices "Auto", "Prompt", and "Off." These choices indicate how the file in the active window will be saved. If Auto is selected and the file has been changed during the editing session, the file will automatically be saved prior to a DOS shell or a debug or run session or before exiting the program. Prompt means you'll be prompted whether or not to save the file, and Off means the file won't be saved and you won't be prompted. After you've made a selection, a submenu appears asking whether you want the change to be effective for just the current window or for all windows. Each window can have its own setting. Pressing <Esc> cancels the change. In most cases, Auto is the best choice, although Off is quite useful if you're cutting and pasting from one of your library files and don't want any accidental changes to the file to be saved (remember to reset this setting once you resume normal editing in the window). You may be wondering why changed files are saved prior to DOS shells and debug and run sessions. The reason is that these are the types of sessions where there's a good chance of a system crash, such as when debugging or running a new program with a fatal bug, thus losing all unsaved editing changes. Next is "Backup file," which determines whether a ".BAK" file is created when the current file is saved. This option is usually best left on unless speed and/or disk space are factors, and here too each window can have its own setting. Chapter 2 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 7 Next is "Macro auto save," which determines whether the in-memory macros are automatically saved to disk prior to exiting the program. This option is also usually best left on. Now press for "memory Usage," which opens the Memory Usage submenu that determines how Pas-Ed will use the available DOS and EMS memory. The first selection on the submenu is "Swap to EMS/disk," which determines whether Pas-Ed will swap a DOS memory image to EMS memory or disk prior to a DOS shell or a compile, debug, or run session. If enabled, a DOS memory swap is made and all but 6.4k of DOS memory is freed up for the session. If off, the heap is compressed and a standard DOS exec session is initiated with whatever DOS memory is available (the amount of available DOS memory depends on the number of windows you've opened). The second selection on the Memory Usage submenu, "Reserve EMS for swap," determines whether enough EMS memory will be reserved to hold a DOS memory swap. If your system doesn't have EMS memory or if there's not enough EMS memory available for the swap, then Pas-Ed will prevent you from enabling this option and the reason for this will be displayed in a pop-up window. The third selection on the Memory Usage submenu, "Working memory", allows you to specify the amount of DOS memory, in bytes, that Pas-Ed sets aside for internal program use. The default is 16,384 bytes (16k), which is the minimum amount of memory Pas-Ed will reserve. This should prove sufficient for most situations. This figure may have to be adjusted upward if your setup of Pas-Ed uses a significant amount of working memory, such as if you've defined numerous macros or are making large EMS-to-EMS block copies and moves, etc. (Since only one EMS-based file can be mapped into DOS memory at once, EMS-to-EMS block transfers are temporarily stored in working memory.) If you get insufficient memory messages, raise the amount of working memory. Press <Esc> to return to the Options menu, then <S> for "Screen colors." The Screen Colors submenu appears, displaying all the program color types. An arrow is displayed next to the Screen Colors submenu, showing which color type is currently selected. Use the arrow, Home, and End keys to choose a color type to change, then press <Enter>. Chapter 2 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 8 The Color Chart ─────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── File Window Edit Search Macros Compile Run Debug Language Options ┌───────────────────────┐ ╔════════════════════════════════════════╗─┐ │ Normal text color │<════════ ║ ┌─ New Value ─┐ ┌─ Old Value ─┐ ║ │ │ Highlighted text │ ║ │ 7 │ │ 7 │ ║ │ │ Marked text block │ ║ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ ║ │ │ Text error message │ ║ ┌────────── Color Chart ──────────┐ ║ │ │ Normal background │ ║ │ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 │ ║ │ │ Status line color │ ║ │ 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 │ ║ │ │ Normal menu color │ ║ │ 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 │ ║ │ │ Highlighted menu │ ║ │ 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 │ ║ │ │ Selected menu item │ ║ │ 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 │ ║ │ │ Menu border color │ ║ │ 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 │ ║ │ │ Menu title color │ ║ │ 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 │ ║─┘ │ Normal message color │ ║ │ 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 │ ║ │ Highlighted message │ ║ │ 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 │ ║ │ Selected message item │ ║ │ 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 │ ║ │ Message border color │ ║ │ 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 │ ║ │ Message title color │ ║ │ 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 │ ║ │ Normal help color │ ║ │ 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 │ ║ │ Highlighted help │ ║ │ 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 │ ║ │ Selected help item │ ║ │ 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 │ ║ │ Help border color │ ║ │ 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 │ ║ │ Help title color │ ║ └─────────────────────────────────┘ ║ └───────────────────────┘ ╚════════════════════════════════════════╝ ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── The color chart appears showing all possible color combinations and their byte values. At the top of the color chart are two boxes showing the old and new byte values of the selected color type. Use the arrow, Home, and End keys to change the color value, noticing that the change is reflected in both the new color value box and the Screen Colors submenu. The status line gives a brief explanation of how the new color value is incremented or decremented depending on which key is pressed. Pressing <Enter> selects the new color, while <Esc> restores the old color. When all the program color types are changed to your liking, press <Esc> to exit the Screen Colors submenu. The menu and message colors are changed immediately. A submenu appears asking whether you want the color changes to be effective for just the current window or for all windows. Each window can have its own color settings. Pressing <Esc> cancels any edit window color changes. Return to the Options menu and press <T> to bring up the "Type of monitor" submenu. The first selection, "Color monitor," forces Pas-Ed to treat your video system as either color or monochrome. Most of the time, Pas-Ed will Chapter 2 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 9 accurately detect the type of video system in use and adjust for it. Some video systems are not what they appear to Pas-Ed, however, such as a monochrome LCD display running as a CGA. Under such circumstances, you may find it necessary to reset this option. The second selection, "Suppress snow," is important only if you have an older CGA system. Early model CGAs display "snow" during untimed direct screen writes, which is how Pas-Ed writes to the screen by default. If you notice snow on your screen, set this option on. The resulting screen writes will be slightly slower but free of snow. The third selection, "43/50 rows," resets the video mode to 43 screen lines if you have an EGA system or 50 screen lines for a VGA. If you don't have one of these systems, a message to that effect appears and this option can't be enabled. Setting Up The Macros ───────────────────── Press <Alt-M> to open the Macros menu. Macros are on by default. If you don't want to use the macros, you can turn macro processing off by pressing <T> for "Turn on/off." If you use macros, you may wish to reset the macro playback delay, which controls the number of milliseconds between keystrokes when a macro playback is in progress. The default is 0. Setting Up The Files ──────────────────── Press <Alt-L> to open the Language menu. Press <F> to open the "Files" submenu. The "Files" submenu contains the names of the files Pas-Ed will use during DOS shells and compile and debug sessions. You may enter any compiler, configuration, or debugger file names (of course, they should correctly name an appropriate program or file), and, as with all menu options, they're saved in the PAS-ED.CFG configuration file and restored upon startup. The complete path name to COMMAND.COM is needed to operate the DOS shell. Check each of these options to make sure they're correct, and change them if necessary. Setting Up Turbo Pascal ─────────────────────── Press <Esc> to return to the Language menu. The first selection on the Language menu, "Compiler," sets the Turbo Pascal compiler switches. The second selection, "Linker," sets the Turbo Pascal linker switches. The "Directories" selection determines the directories where Turbo Pascal will look for the various files it needs during compilation and where the resulting compiled files Chapter 2 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 10 will be placed. These options are the same as those in the Turbo IDE, and you should refer to your Turbo Pascal manuals and Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System if you need further information. Ready To Go ─────────── Pas-Ed is now ready to run. If you're familiar with the Turbo IDE, you should be able to run Pas-Ed with little problem. For an overview of running Pas-Ed, please read the next chapter, Chapter 3 - A Tour of Pas-Ed. Chapter 2 - Setting Up Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 11 Chapter 3 - A Tour of Pas-Ed ──────────────────────────── Getting Ready ───────────── This chapter illustrates most of Pas-Ed's main features in tutorial fashion. If you're in Pas-Ed, make sure the Options/Config Auto Save menu option is on, then exit Pas-Ed by pressing <Alt-X>. <Alt-X> works from anywhere in Pas-Ed except the message windows, which require a specific response such as "Y" or "N" or <Esc>. At the DOS prompt, type "Pas-Ed" to restart Pas-Ed. Restoring Your Setup ──────────────────── Since you've created a PAS-ED.CFG configuration file, Pas-Ed asks whether you want to restore the previous setup. Press <Y>, and the File Name window appears with the name of the first file from your previous setup in it. You have four options: 1. Press <Enter> to load the file. 2. Press <Esc> to tell Pas-Ed you don't want to load the file. 3. Edit the name in the File Name window, pressing <Enter> when finished. 4. Use DOS wildcards (such as "*") to bring up a directory. ".PAS" is the default extension. You can maneuver around the directory by using either the dedicated movement keys or WordStar commands. If you have a directory hierarchy, you can maneuver through the various directories by highlighting the appropriate directory and pressing <Enter>. "..\" indicates the parent directory of the current directory. If a file is highlighted, pressing <Enter> opens the highlighted file. <Esc> clears the Directory window and calls the File Name window again. For now, press <Esc> to tell Pas-Ed you don't want to load the file. After you've dealt with the first file, the rest of the files from your previous setup cycle through the File Name window one by one. Press <Esc> as each file name appears so Pas-Ed won't load any of them. Pas-Ed has to have at least one window open, so Pas-Ed opens a NONAME file. Chapter 3 - A Tour of Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 12 The Editor ────────── Press <Esc> to enter the editor. The editor uses the WordStar command set and is virtually identical to the editor in the Turbo IDE. Try typing a few lines. If you forget an editing command, press <F1> to bring up the help window. One of the most useful and overlooked editing commands is the undo line change command. Return to the first line, type some changes, then type <Ctrl-Q><L> (for Quick-Line). The line is restored to its original form. This command works as long as you haven't erased or moved off the line. The top line of the edit window shows the state of the editor and is explained in detail in Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Editor. For now, try pressing the Caps Lock, Num Lock, and Scroll Lock keys and note how they affect this line. The status (or bottom) line shows, from left to right, the window number, the commands associated with the function keys, and the location of the edit buffer for the active window ("DOS" or "EMS"). Now press <F2> to save the file. <F2> saves the file regardless of the setting of the Options/Edit File Save menu option. Press <F3> to load a new file, and the File Name window appears. Enter a file name, and that file is loaded into the current window. If it's a new file, Pas-Ed verifies that you actually wanted to create a new file and didn't just make a typing mistake. Press <F4> to open a new window. The File Name window reappears, only this time the file you specify will be loaded into a new window. The new window number is visible in the lower left corner of the screen. This number always shows the window number of the file being acted upon. Enter a file name and the window will be created and the file loaded. Press <F5> and the active window is reduced to half screen (unzoomed). Now press <F6> several times to rotate between the two windows. While in the full screen (zoomed) window, press <F5> to unzoom this window. One window must always be zoomed to provide a background for the unzoomed windows, and Pas-Ed prevents the full screen window from being unzoomed. Type something and mark a block in each window. <Ctrl-K> marks the beginning of a block and <Ctrl-K><K> marks the end. Using the F5 and F6 keys, switch the windows until both windows and blocks are visible on the screen. Press <Ctrl-K><C> to copy the block in the active window to the cursor position. Now press <F7> and copy the block from the other window to the cursor position. Move the cursor a little and press <Ctrl-K><V> to move the block in the active window to the cursor position. Now press <F8> and move the block from the other window to the cursor position. Note that both <F7> and <F8> work within the current window as well. If your printer is connected to the LPT1 parallel printer port 1 and turned on, use <Ctrl-K> to print the block. Chapter 3 - A Tour of Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 13 Type a nonsense word to ensure that the file in the active window can't be compiled properly. Press <F9> to make (compile) the file. Pas-Ed will either swap a DOS memory image to EMS/disk or compresses the heap depending on the setting of the Options/Memory Usage submenu, and then call the TPC.EXE compiler to compile the file. If you get an out of memory message, change the Options/Memory Usage/Swap To EMS/Disk setting to on, then recompile the file. The compiler will find the error, and Pas-Ed will automatically locate the error, highlight it, and display the error message. Press <Esc> to clear the error message. The Window Menu ──────────────── Press <Alt-W> to open the Window menu. Press <H> to hide the active window. Now press <Alt-E> to return to the editor, then <F6> several times to rotate to the next active window. As you can see, the window has indeed been hidden. Press <Alt-W> to reopen the Window menu, then for Unhide. A menu appears with a list of all the hidden windows, and you can either pick one to unhide or press <Esc> to cancel. Press <Esc>, then for Pick. A pick list of all files appears, with the hidden windows clearly marked as such and the active window prefaced by "√". The pick list selects a new active window. Select the hidden window as the new active window, and it is immediately unhidden and becomes the active window. Press <C> for Close, and the active window is closed and removed from memory. Now try to close the remaining window and Pas-Ed will prevent this. At least one window must always be open. Press <O> and reopen the closed window. The remaining entries on the Window menu rotate forward and backward through the file rotation and zoom and unzoom the windows, similarly to the F5 and F6 keys in the editor. The Search Menu ─────────────── Press <Alt-S> to open the Search menu. This menu enables you to search and move quickly through the files. The Find and Replace menu selections are the same as the <Ctrl-Q><F> (Quick Find) and <Ctrl-Q><A> (Quick Find and Replace) WordStar commands. The fiNd next and rePlace next menu selections are the same as Wordstar's <Ctrl-L>. The fInd block and rEplace block menu selections load the search string with up to 30 characters from the marked block in the active window, although not across line breaks. Since there's a marked block in the active window, press , then <E> from the Search menu to try these selections. From the Search menu, press <G> for Goto line. Enter a line number and Pas-Ed jumps to the specified line. If the line number is greater than the number of lines in the file, Pas-Ed jumps to the end of the file. Chapter 3 - A Tour of Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 14 Press <Alt-S><S> to set a placemarker. You have ten placemarkers to chose from, 0-9. Press <5> to set placemarker 5 (the placemarkers don't have to be set in any particular order). Press <Alt-W> to open the Window menu and <N> to rotate to the next window. Then press <Alt-S> to open to the Search menu, <J> for Jump To Placemarker, and then enter <5>. Pas-Ed will jump to the proper file and line number. These commands are also available from the editor. Press <F6> to rotate to the other file. Press <Ctrl-K><1> to set placemarker 1, then jump back and forth between the two files by pressing <Ctrl-Q><5> and <Ctrl-Q><1>. The Macro Menu ────────────── Press <Alt-M> to open the Macro menu. Through this menu, Pas-Ed can record and playback keystrokes. The macro menu is fairly self-explanatory, and you should have no trouble using the macros. For good measure, we'll record, edit, and delete a macro. Press <R> to record a macro. A message appears reminding you how to turn macro recording off. Press <Esc> to clear the message, then <Alt-E> to enter the editor. Notice the "M" next to the window number in the lower left corner of the screen, indicating that macro recording is on. Typing carefully (trust us), type the letter "c", no more, no less, then press <Alt-F10> to turn macro recording off. Pas-Ed asks for a key to associate the macro with. Enter <Alt-B>, then enter "Bad Macro" as the name for the macro. Try out the macro by pressing <Alt-B>. Instead of inserting "c" into the window, the Compile menu opens. To see why, press <Alt-M> to open the Macro menu, then <E> to edit a macro, and choose "Bad Macro" as the macro to edit. Press <Enter> to accept the macro name and the Edit Macro window appears with Bad Macro displayed. The macro should be shown as "<AltE>c." As you can see, all keystrokes after macro recording was turned on were faithfully recorded, including keystrokes that perhaps we didn't want, such as <Alt-E>. When we pressed <Alt-B>, Bad Macro first selected Edit from the main menu with <Alt-E>, then selected the Compile menu with <c>. You should edit all macros after they've been recorded to remove unwanted keystrokes. While in the Edit Macro window, press the Home and End keys. Instead of moving the cursor to the beginning and end of the line, <Home> and <End> are inserted into the macro. In order to use these keys to maneuver around the Edit Macro window, you must use the <Scroll Lock> key to toggle between command and literal interpretation. Try out the macro editor, in particular noticing how the extended keys, such as Home, End, Insert, Delete, Backspace, etc., are handled depending on whether the editor is in Command or Literal mode. Be sure you're in Command mode, then either press <Enter> to accept the edited macro or <Esc> to restore the original macro. Then press <D> for Delete, and delete Bad Macro. Chapter 3 - A Tour of Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 15 The Other Menus ─────────────── The other menus are concerned mostly with setting up and running Pas-Ed and Turbo Pascal. The selections are either easily understood by programmers familiar with Turbo Pascal or are explained in Chapter 2 - Setting Up Pas-Ed, Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System, or in your Turbo Pascal manuals. One useful option that should be pointed out is the Options/View Last DOS Screen menu selection. Press <Alt-O><V>, and the last DOS screen appears. Pressing any key clears the screen. This is especially useful for locating errors when a compiler other than Turbo Pascal is being used with Pas-Ed, such as when compiling assembler routines. The Pop-up Tables ───────────────── Two of Pas-Ed's handiest features are the pop-up ASCII and extended key code tables. Press <Alt-E> to return to the editor. <Alt-A> brings up the ASCII table, and <Alt-K> bring up the extended key code tables. Chapter 3 - A Tour of Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 16 Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System ────────────────────────────────── About the Menus ─────────────── Pas-Ed's menus are similar in style to those in the Turbo IDE. The main menu displays horizontally across the top row of the screen, with pull-down submenus opening vertically below. All selections on the main menu are "hot keyed" and can be selected from anywhere in Pas-Ed (except from the pop-up message windows) by holding down the <Alt> key and pressing the first letter of the selection. For example, to open the File menu, press <Alt-F>, and to select Run, press <Alt-R>. Moving around the menu system is accomplished by using either the dedicated movement keys, such as the arrow, Home, and End keys, or WordStar commands, such as <Ctrl-S> for left, <Ctrl-D> for right, <Ctrl-E> for up, <Ctrl-X> for down, etc. Pressing <Enter> when the light bar is over a selection or pressing its highlighted letter selects it. Pressing <Esc> deselects or closes a menu. To assist you in choosing the proper menu options, each individual selection has a brief descriptive prompt displayed in the status line. The Menu Selections ─────────────────── This section describes the operation and function of each menu selection. The menu selections are: File ──── Displays the File menu. The File menu selections are: Load ──── Loads a file into the active window. If the requested file is already loaded in another window, you're given the choice of either switching to that window or going ahead and loading the file into the active window. The file which was already in the window is saved according to the setting of its "Edit File Save" toggle (see the Options menu). This option can be selected from within the editor by pressing <F3>. Pick ──── Displays a list of all files loaded in all windows and allows you to select Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 17 one as the active window. This option is identical to the Pick selection in the Window menu. Clear ───── Deletes all data from the active window. You're asked to confirm this action before the data is deleted. Save ──── Saves the file in the active window to disk regardless of the setting of its Edit File Save toggle. save All ──────── Saves all changed files to disk according to the setting of their Edit File Save toggles. Write to ──────── Writes the file in the active window to a file you specify. Dir ─── Display a directory based on a directory mask you specify. OS shell ──────── Runs the DOS command you specify. If no command is given, the screen is cleared and the DOS prompt appears. Pas-Ed is re-entered by typing "EXIT" at the DOS prompt. If EMS/disk swapping is enabled, the contents of memory are swapped out to EMS or disk prior to the DOS shell; otherwise, the heap is compressed. Exit ──── Exits Pas-Ed and returns to DOS. The files being edited are saved according to their Edit File Save toggles. If the Config Auto Save and/or Macro Auto Save toggles are on, the configuration and/or macro files are saved. See the Options menu for an explanation of these toggles. Window ────── Displays the Window menu. The Window menu selections are: Open ──── Opens a new edit window if sufficient memory is available. Windows are allocated first in DOS memory, then in EMS memory. Up to 21 windows may be opened. Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 18 Close ───── Closes the active window and deallocates it memory. If the file in the active window has been changed during the editing session, it's saved according to the setting of its Edit File Save toggle (see the Options menu). Pick ──── Displays a list of all files loaded in the windows and allows you to select one as the active window. This option is identical to the Pick selection in the File menu. Next ──── Selects the next unhidden window as the active window. Back ──── Selects the previous unhidden window as the active window. Zoom ──── Resizes the active window to either full or half screen. Note that at least one window must always be full screen to provide a background for the unzoomed windows. Hide ──── Hides the active window. The data in a hidden window remains intact and the file save routines aren't affected. The window is simply removed from the window rotation. This enables you to avoid rotating between an excessive number of windows. For example, you might have 21 windows open but only 3 files actively being edited; this options allows you to hide the other 18 windows. Hidden windows may be unhidden with either the Unhide or Pick commands. Note that at least one window must be unhidden. Unhide ────── Displays a list of all hidden windows and allows you to select one to unhide. Edit ──── Erases the menus, displays the active window, and calls the editor. Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 19 Search ────── Displays the Search menu. The Search menu selections are: Find ──── Finds the search string using the search options you specify. fInd block ────────── Loads the search string with up to 30 characters from the marked block in the active window. Characters are not loaded across line breaks. fiNd next ───────── Finds the next occurrence of the search string using the previous search options. Replace ─────── Finds the search string and replaces it with the replacement string using the replace options you specify. rEplace block ───────────── Loads the search string with up to 30 characters from the marked block in the active window. Characters are not loaded across line breaks. rePlace next ──────────── Finds the next occurrence of the search string and replaces it with the replacement string using the previous replace options. Goto line ───────── Moves the cursor to the line number you specify. Set marker ────────── Sets the placemarker you specify (0 to 9) to the current cursor position in the current file. Jump to marker ────────────── Jumps to the placemarker you specify (0 to 9) as long as the file containing the placemarker is in memory. The jump will be made even if the file is in a different window from the window where the placemarker was set and even if the window containing the file is hidden. Jumping into a hidden window doesn't unhide it; as soon as you exit the window, it's removed again from the window rotation. If there are 2 windows containing the same file, Pas-Ed jumps to the first one. Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 20 Macros ────── Displays the Macro menu. The Macro menu selections are; Playback ──────── Plays back the macro you specify. Record ────── Begins recording keystrokes into a macro. record Off ────────── Stops recording keystrokes and asks for a key to associate the macro with as well as a name for the macro. This is the same as pressing <Alt-F10> from within the editor. After a macro has been recorded, you should edit the macro to remove any keystrokes associated with setting up the macro. Pas-Ed automatically removes the keystrokes that turned macro recording on and off. Load ──── Loads a macro file, replacing the macros in memory with the macros from the file. Merge ───── Merges the macros from a macro file with the macros in memory. If the current macro file is then saved after the merge, it will include the merged macros. Save ──── Writes the macros in memory to the current macro file. list ──── Lists the macros in memory. Edit ──── Edits an in-memory macro. Delete ────── Deletes an in-memory macro and deallocate its memory. Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 21 delete All ────────── Deletes all in-memory macros and deallocates their memory. You're asked to confirm this action. macro delaY ─────────── Adjust the delay between keystrokes when a macro is played back. The delay is in milliseconds, and can be any number between 0 and 255. Turn on/off ─────────── Enables and disables macro processing. Macro processing is on by default. When disabled, all macros are deleted and their memory deallocated. When enabled, the macros in the current macro file are reloaded into memory. Compile ─────── Displays the Compile menu. The Compile menu selections are: Compile ─────── The selected file is compiled. No other used units with existing TPU files are compiled even if their source code has changed since they were last compiled. Make ──── The selected file is compiled along with all units used by the program whose source code has changed since they were last compiled. Build ───── The selected file and all units used by the program are compiled. This option ensures that all TPU files are up to date. Production build ──────────────── The selected file and all units used by the program are compiled using your regular compiler settings, except no debug information is generated and stack and range checking are turned off. This option ensures that all TPU files are up to date. Auto config file ──────────────── Enables and disables the automatic creation of a compiler configuration file. When enabled, an updated compiler configuration file is written to disk prior to every compile; if disabled, no configuration file is written. The default name for the configuration file is TPC.CFG, which can be changed using the Language/Files submenu. Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 22 Find error ────────── Locate the source code location of a run-time error if you have its hex location. For example, a runtime range error might result in the message "Runtime error 201 at 3C08:023B." By entering the hex number "3C08:023B" as the error location, Pas-Ed will automatically locate and display the line in the source code that caused the error. Run ─── Run a program from within Pas-Ed. If EMS/disk swapping is enabled, a DOS memory image is swapped out to EMS or disk prior to the program run. Debug ───── Debug a program from within Pas-Ed. If EMS/disk swapping is enabled, a DOS memory image is swapped out to EMS or disk prior to the debug session. Language ──────── Displays the Language menu. The Language menu selections are: Compiler ──────── Displays the Compiler submenu, which contains the options for the Turbo Pascal compiler. The Compiler submenu selections are: Align data ────────── Align variables and typed constants on byte or word boundaries. Generally, byte alignment takes less space while word alignment is faster. Boolean evaluation ────────────────── Switch between complete and short circuit boolean evaluation, which determines whether boolean expressions are evaluated completely or terminated as soon as possible. Conditional defines ─────────────────── Enter conditional compilation directives which can be referenced in the source code. Debug information ───────────────── Displays the Debug menu. The Debug menu selections are: Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 23 Append debug info to EXE ──────────────────────── Enables and disables the appending of debug information to the compiled EXE file. This information is necessary to use Turbo Debugger on your program. The extent of the debugging information appended depends on the following two settings: Make line-number table ────────────────────── Enables and disables the generation of a source code line-number table. This table allows Turbo Debugger to step through the source code line by line during a debug session. Unless this option is enabled, Turbo Debugger steps through your program at the CPU (assembly) level. Include local symbols ───────────────────── Enables and disables the generation of debug information for local symbols, which are the names and types of all local (as opposed to global) variables and constants. Force far calls ─────────────── Enables and disables the use of the FAR code model by all procedures and functions. I/O Checking ──────────── Enables and disables the generation of code to check for input/output errors. Memory sizes ──────────── Displays the Memory Size submenu. The selections on the Memory Size submenu are: Stack size ────────── Set the stack size in decimal bytes. Low heap limit ────────────── Set the minimum required heap size in decimal bytes. High heap limit ─────────────── Set the maximum heap size in decimal bytes. Numeric processing ────────────────── Displays the Numeric Processing submenu. The selections are: Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 24 Emulation ───────── Enables and disables linking of the 8087 emulation library. This library uses the 8087 math coprocessor if present and emulates it if not. Numeric processing ────────────────── Switches between inline 8087 code, which allows the use of single, double, extended, and comp real types, or the use of software-only (6 byte) reals. Overlays allowed ──────────────── Enables and disables the generation of overlay code. Units compiled with this option do not have to be overlayed. Range checking ────────────── Enables and disables the generation of code to check the bounds on arrays, strings, and scalar-type variables. Stack checking ────────────── Enables and disables the generation of code to check for stack overflow. Var-string checking ─────────────────── Enables and disables checking of declared string parameters against the actual passed parameter. If this option is on and the declared and actual string parameters are not identical, a compiler error occurs. Linker ────── Displays the Linker submenu. The selections are: Link buffer ─────────── Switch between using a disk or memory link buffer. Linking to memory is faster but the linker may run out of memory on larger programs. Linking to disk is slower but larger programs can be linked. Map file ──────── Sets the amount of information that goes into the map file (typically used by 3rd party debuggers). The selections are: Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 25 None ──── No map file is generated. Segments ──────── Only segment information is generated. Publics ─────── Segment information plus all symbol names and addresses and the location of the program's entry point are generated. Detailed ──────── Publics information plus line-number and module tables are generated. Directories ─────────── Displays the Directories submenu, which contains the paths to the various files needed by the Turbo pascal compiler. The Directory submenu selections are: Turbo directory ─────────────── The compiler will search the current directory and the directory specified here for the compiler configuration file and the library file. EXE & TPU directory ─────────────────── The compiler will put the compiled EXE and TPU files in the directory specified here. If no directory is specified, the compiled files will go in the directory with the source code file. Include directories ─────────────────── The compiler will search the current directory and the directories specified here for the files listed with the Include {$I Filename} compiler directive. Unit directories ──────────────── The compiler will search the current directory and the directories specified here for units used by the files being compiled. Object directories ────────────────── The compiler will search the current directory and the directories Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 26 specified here for the object files listed with the {$L Filename} compiler directive. Files ───── Displays the Files submenu, which contains the names of the various files called by Pas-Ed during operation. The Files submenu selections are: Compiler file name ────────────────── The file Pas-Ed will call to compile files. ".EXE" is the default extension. conFigure file name ─────────────────── The compiler configuration file. This is the file Pas-Ed will write the Turbo Pascal compiler and linker switches to if the Auto Config File option is enabled (see the Compile menu). ".CFG" is the default extension. Debugger file name ────────────────── The file Pas-Ed will call to debug files. ".EXE" is the default extension. COMMAND.COM ─────────── The complete path to COMMAND.COM, which is necessary for proper operation of the DOS shell. Options ─────── Displays the Options menu. The Options menu selections are: Config auto save ──────────────── Enables and disables automatic saving of the PAS-ED.CFG configuration file upon exit. At startup, Pas-Ed looks in the current directory for the configuration file, which contains a description of Pas-Ed's last setup. Using this information, Pas-Ed can restore the last setup. Edit file save ────────────── Switches between automatic, prompted, and no file saves. If set to Auto, the file will be automatically saved if it has been changed during the editing session. If set to Prompt, you're prompted whether or not to save the file. If set to Off, the file is not saved and you're not prompted. You're given the choice of applying the new setting to just the active window or to all windows. Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 27 Backup files ──────────── Enables and disables the creation of backup files. You're given the choice of applying the new setting to just the active window or to all windows. Macro auto save ─────────────── Enables and disables automatic saving of the macro file before exit. Write config file ───────────────── Writes the Pas-Ed configuration file PAS-ED.CFG to disk using the current settings. memory Usage ──────────── Displays the Memory Usage submenu. The selections are: Swap to EMS/Disk ──────────────── Enables and disables the swapping of a DOS memory image to expanded memory (EMS) or disk prior to a DOS shell or compile, debug, or run session. If enabled, more memory is freed up than would otherwise be available; however, this must be balanced against the time penalty imposed by the swap. On systems with EMS memory, the time penalty is minimal and this option can be left enabled. Systems requiring disk swaps, and in particular swaps to a floppy disk, might want to disable this option during simple DOS shells, providing enough DOS memory is available for the exec session. Reserve EMS for swap ──────────────────── Enables and disables the reservation of enough EMS memory to hold a DOS memory swap. If enabled, enough 16k (16,384 byte) blocks of EMS memory are set aside for the swap. Working memory ────────────── Sets the amount of DOS memory reserved by Pas-Ed for internal purposes such as screen saves, macros, EMS-to-EMS block moves, etc. By adjusting this value, sufficient memory can be reserved to allow proper functioning of the program while leaving as much memory as possible for the edit buffers. The default value is 16,384 bytes (16k), and may be changed to any value between 16384 and 65535. The default value reserves enough memory to run the program under most circumstances. If you encounter out of memory messages, simply increase this number. Since there's no painless way for the program to recover memory already allocated, the program should be exited and restarted if reset to a higher value. Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 28 DOS buffers open ──────────────── Displays the number of edit windows opened in DOS memory. EMS buffers open ──────────────── Displays the number of edit windows opened in EMS memory. Total buffers open ────────────────── Displays the total number of open windows. EMS/Disk Swap Size ────────────────── Displays the exact size in bytes of the DOS memory swap. EMS reserved for swap ───────────────────── Displays the amount of expanded memory (EMS) reserved for the DOS memory swap. Since EMS memory is allocated in 16k (16,384 byte) blocks, this figure is almost always larger than the exact size of the DOS memory swap file. Edit buffer size ──────────────── Displays the size in bytes of the edit buffers (all buffers are the same size). Screen colors ───────────── Displays the Screen Colors submenu, which allows you to change the screen colors. The functioning of the Screen Colors submenu is explained in detail in Chapter 2 - Setting Up Pas-Ed. The types of screen colors fall into 5 general categories: Text colors ─────────── There are four text color types: Normal, Highlighted, Marked Block, and Error, which are the colors used when displaying the editing windows. Normal is the regular text color, Highlighted is for the message line, Marked Block for marked blocks, and Error for error messages. General screen colors ───────────────────── There are two general screen color types: Screen Background and Status Line. Screen Background is used when not in the editor or menu system, such as during DOS shells, compiles, etc. Status Line is used for the bottom row of the screen. Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 29 Menu colors ─────────── There are five menu color types: Normal, Highlighted, Selected, Border, and Title. Normal is the regular menu color, Highlighted is for selection letters, Selected for the moving light bar, Border for the menu border, and Title for menu headers. Message colors ────────────── The five message color types are essentially the same as the five menu colors types except they're used to display general messages. Help colors ─────────── The five help color types are basically the same as the five menu colors types except they're used to display help messages. Default screen colors ───────────────────── Resets the screen colors to their default values. You're asked to confirm this selection. You have the choice of restoring the default colors in just the active window or in all windows. No window colors are changed if <Esc> is pressed. Type of monitor ─────────────── Displays the Monitor submenu. The selections are: Color monitor ───────────── Forces Pas-Ed to treat your video display as either color or monochrome. Suppress snow ──────────── Suppresses snow on older CGA displays at the expense of somewhat slower screen writes. 43/50 rows ────────── Allows EGA/VGA systems to display 43/50 screen rows respectively. The default is 25 rows. Chapter 4 - The Pas-Ed Menu System Pas-Ed Manual - Page 30 Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Editor ───────────────────────────── About the Editor ──────────────── Turbo Pascal programmers should have little trouble adapting to Pas-Ed's editor, as it uses the same command set as the Turbo IDE. Pas-Ed's windows operate much like Sidekick's, and on-line help is available through the <F1> key. Because of the editor's similarity to the Turbo IDE editor and since Pas-Ed users are assumed to be familiar with Turbo Pascal and to have the Turbo Pascal manuals, the description of the editor is brief. The Editor Message Line ─────────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Line 1 Col 1 Insert Indent Tab D:TESTFILE.PAS Scr Num CAP BAK Auto ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Above is an example of the editor message line, which appears at the top of each text window and shows the status of the editor for that particular window. Each window can have different settings except for the keyboard status toggles, which are the same in all windows. The message line entries are: Line The line number on which the cursor is located. Col The column number in which the cursor is located. Insert If visible, indicates that characters are being inserted into the text buffer. If off, characters are overwriting the existing text. This option is toggled by <Ctrl-V> or <Insert>. Indent If visible, indicates that new lines are indented to the level of the line above. If off, new lines start at Column 1. This option is toggled by <Ctrl-Q>. Tab If visible, indicates that fixed, 8-column tabs are enabled. If off, tabs are set at the first letter of the words on the line above. This option is toggled by <Ctrl-O><T>. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Editor Pas-Ed Manual - Page 31 D:TESTFILE.PAS The name of the file being edited. Note that the full path name is not displayed. Scr If visible, indicates that the Scroll Lock key is on. Num If visible, indicates that the Num Lock key is on. CAP If visible, indicates that the Caps Lock key is on. BAK If visible, indicates that a backup file will be made when the file in the active window is saved. Auto Displays the status of the Options/Edit File Save menu option. If "Auto" is displayed, then the file in the active window will automatically be saved. "Prompt" means you'll be prompted whether or not to save the file, and no display means the file won't be saved and you won't be prompted. The Editor Status Line ────────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 2M F1Help F2Save F3Load F4Open F5Zoom F6Next F7Copy F8Move F9Make F10Menu DOS ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Above is an example of the editor status line. From left to right, the "2" indicates that the number 2 edit window is active. The "M" next to the "2" means that macro recording is on. In the middle are the function keys along with a keyword description of their function. The "DOS" on the far right indicates that the active window has been allocated in DOS memory. If the active window had been allocated in EMS memory, "EMS" would be displayed. The Function Keys ───────────────── The functions assigned to the function keys are: <F1> - Help. Displays a help menu, from which various help windows can be displayed showing the various editing commands. <F2> - Save. Saves the file in the active window to disk. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Editor Pas-Ed Manual - Page 32 <F3> - Load. Loads a new file into the active window. <F4> - Open. Opens a new edit window if enough memory is available. <F5> - Zoom. Resizes the active window to full or half screen. <F6> - Next. Selects the next open window as the active window. <F7> - Copy. Displays a pop-up menu showing the files with marked blocks. The block from the selected file is copied into the active window at the cursor location. This option is identical to the <Ctrl-K><C> block copy command except that it can also copy between files. <F8> - Move. Displays a pop-up menu showing the files with marked blocks. The block from the selected file is moved into the active window at the cursor location. This option is identical to the <Ctrl-K><V> block move command except that it can also move between files. <F9> - Make. Makes (compiles) the file in the active window. <F10> - Menu. Opens the menu system. This option is the same as <Alt-E>. Entering Text ───────────── Text is entered into the Pas-Ed editor in a fashion similar to the Turbo IDE. Like the IDE, Pas-Ed doesn't wrap lines, and lines must be terminated with <Enter>. As long as the cursor hasn't been moved from the line being edited and the line hasn't been erased, the original line can be restored with <Ctrl-Q><L>. If the Insert toggle is on, characters are inserted into the text buffer; otherwise, characters overwrite the existing text. The Pas-Ed editor is a WordStar command editor, and is virtually identical to the editor in the Turbo IDE. The Turbo Pascal manuals have a good explanation of the editing commands. If you need a quick reference of the commands, press <F1> from within the editor to bring up the help menu. If you need a quick reference of ASCII or extended key codes, press <Alt-A> for a pop-up ASCII table and <Alt-K> for an extended key code table. Chapter 5 - The Pas-Ed Editor Pas-Ed Manual - Page 33 Chapter 6 - Hints On Using Pas-Ed ───────────────────────────────── Hint: Pas-Ed's text buffers are completely independent of one another. If you've loaded the same file into two windows, remember that you aren't editing the same text in two windows but rather are editing two separate text buffers. Changes made to the text in one window aren't being made to the text in the other window. If you make different changes in each window and save both windows, the file on disk will contain the changes made in the last window saved. Hint: When working on multi-file programs, always load the main program into the same window in the file rotation. That way, you can compile the program from any window by using a macro which switches to that window and compiles the file. For example, we always load the main program in the first (number 1) window, which is then always selection "A" on the Window/Pick submenu. We use the following macro to make (compile) the file: <AltW>pa<AltC>m<Enter> This macro opens the Window menu, selects the Pick option, selects the A window (Window 1), opens the Compile menu, selects Make, and starts the compile. Hint: Although you can write macros which operate across DOS shells and compile, debug, and run sessions, it's usually best not to write these macros unless you're absolutely sure in advance of the results of the session. For example, at the end of a compile, Pas-Ed always displays a message indicating the results of the compile. If you write a macro that automatically clears this message, you'll lose any error messages should an error occur, and you'll have to manually examine the error message using the Options/View Last DOS Screen menu option Hint: If you're using a compiler other than Turbo Pascal, use the Options/View Last DOS Screen menu option to view compiler messages. Hint: Be careful when running the DOS shell. After shelling to DOS and running another program or two and/or several DOS commands, it's easy to forget that you're still running DOS from within Pas-Ed's DOS shell. Starting or unloading a TSR or certain other programs at this point can crash your system. This is also a common way source, macro, and configuration files get Chapter 6 - Hints On Using Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 34 jumbled. Say you've shelled to DOS, then forgotten you're in the DOS shell and restarted Pas-Ed. You then edit files, change macros and menu settings, and exit Pas-Ed. You later realize you're still in the original DOS shell and type "EXIT" at the DOS prompt and re-enter the original Pas-Ed, which then swaps back into memory ALL THE OLD FILES, MACROS, AND MENU SETTINGS. If you exit Pas-Ed at this point without making sure the edit, macro, and configuration file auto save options are turned off, your new changes will be overwritten by the old files and settings. Plus if the backup file option is turned off, there's no backup copy of your source files to restore your new editing changes. This is one good reason to leave the backup file option on. Hint: If your keyboard locks up, try holding down the <Ctrl> key and alternately pressing the left and right shift keys several times. This will sometimes (not often) unlock the keyboard. When trying to trace the source of the problem, first check to be sure it wasn't caused by the program you're writing. If the problem persists, it may be a conflict between Pas-Ed's macro processor and another program, such as a TSR. To check this, turn macro processing off using the Macros/Turn On/Off menu selection. Pas-Ed is otherwise a plain vanilla program, so if the problem continues after macro processing has been turned off, it's probably somewhere else. Try unloading your TSRs one by one to see if you can find the problem program. If your keyboard locks up during a DOS shell or a compile, debug, or run session, then the problem isn't Pas-Ed's macro processor, as it's disabled during these sessions. As an aside, we regularly use Pas-Ed with SidekickPlus and have had no problems. Hint: If you run out of memory when doing an EMS-to-EMS block copy or move, first write the block to a nonsense file, such as TEMP.PAS, using <Ctrl-K><W>, then read TEMP.PAS into the destination file using <Ctrl-K><R>. Since only one EMS-based file can be mapped into DOS memory at once, EMS-to-EMS block transfers are temporarily allocated in working memory. Failure of these transfers may indicate that the amount of working DOS memory reserved by Pas-Ed needs to be increased using the Options/Memory Usage/Working Memory menu option. Hint: On a related note, remember if you encounter out of memory messages to raise the amount of working memory reserved for Pas-Ed using the Options/Memory Usage/Working Memory menu option. Hint: If your computer doesn't have EMS memory and you have only one or two windows open, turn the Options/Swap To EMS/Disk menu option off for simple DOS shells or when compiling very small programs, etc. When EMS/Disk swapping is disabled, the heap is compressed for the exec session, and enough DOS memory for simple operations should be available Chapter 6 - Hints On Using Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 35 providing you have only one or, at most, two windows open. This is very much faster than a disk-based DOS memory swap. If you receive out of memory messages, then turn this option off, or, if you have two windows open, close one window. Hint: The ability to reset colors to their default values can be a lifesaver if some jokester in your office has changed all the colors to, for example, black on black, making the screen appear completely blank. Simply type <N> and then <Esc> a few times in case you've been left buried somewhere in the menu system in a pop-up message window, such as the message window asking if you want to exit the program. Then type <Alt-O><D><Y> to reset the colors to their defaults. Hint: If you want to return to your current setup next time Pas-Ed is started but you have another project to work on before exiting Pas-Ed, use the Options/Write Config File menu option to immediately write the PAS-ED.CFG configuration file to disk. Then turn the Config Auto Save option off to ensure that Pas-Ed won't save your new setup upon exit. When you restart Pas-Ed, your current setup will be restored. Hint: Remember that <Alt-A> calls up the pop-up ASCII table, and <Alt-K> calls up the extended key code table. Hint: If you have a hint that others might find useful and you wouldn't mind sharing, please sent it to Hedco so it can be included in the next version of the manual. Chapter 6 - Hints On Using Pas-Ed Pas-Ed Manual - Page 36