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WINDOW TOOLS Programming 'Toolbox' Routines version 8.0 for the Microsoft QuickBASIC 4.5 (tm) Compiler Sept 1990 by James P. Morgan 5226 Via Hacienda #115 Orlando Fl, 32809 USA Compuserve 71121,2006 AND based on public domain works by Dave Evers Copyright (C) 1989,1990 by James P. Morgan TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview..................................................... 03 Basic Requirements........................................... 04 Routine Overview............................................. 05 Keyboard Conventions ........................................ 09 Mouse Conventions ........................................... 10 Calling Conventions.......................................... 11 POPMENU ................................................ 12 POPLIST ................................................ 14 POPDIR ................................................. 15 TAGLIST ................................................ 16 TAGDIR ................................................. 17 BARMENU ................................................ 18 MENU123 ................................................ 19 CALENDAR ............................................... 20 CALENDR3 ............................................... 21 KEYCAL ................................................. 22 QUERY .................................................. 23 CAUTION ................................................ 24 QUESTION................................................ 25 WARNING ................................................ 26 ROW25 .................................................. 27 TITLE .................................................. 28 FULLMENU ............................................... 29 WAITTIME ............................................... 30 FASTPRT ................................................ 31 MAKEWIND ............................................... 32 SAVESCRN ............................................... 34 RESTSCRN ............................................... 35 SAVEWIND ............................................... 36 RESTWIND ............................................... 37 SCROLL ............................................... 38 Page 01 MMBUTTON ............................................... 39 MMCHECK ............................................... 40 MMCLICK ............................................... 41 MMCURSORON ............................................. 42 MMCURSOROFF............................................. 43 MMGETLOC ............................................... 44 MMSETLOC ............................................... 45 MMSETRANGE ............................................. 46 What is a QUADRANT ............................................. 47 Comments and Suggestions ........................................ 48 Page 02 OVERVIEW -------- The Window Tool routines are designed and enhanced to perform tasks that are common to many programs; and they were created to perform these tasks in a manner that will enhance the value of the programs they work with. Window Tools were also design- ed to be as universal as possible, so that they can be adapted easily to work in your programs. They were enhanced to be as aesthetically pleasing, to give your programs that commercial 'look and feel'. All of these routines use, as a base, the BASWIND package which is included in these libraries. The routines in BASWIND allow for fast screen writing (which is fundamental to all of these procedures); the ability to easily create a colored 'window' on the screen; and to let you save and restore the contents of the screen so that you can create 'pop-up' window features in your program with a minimum of effort. The Window Tools routines build upon these basic functions to provide for more 'high-level' applications. A simple call to a Window Tool procedure, with the appropriate parameters, will enable you to perform relatively complex tasks such as choosing a filename from a directory, by simply selecting it from a list. Page 03 BASIC REQUIREMENTS ------------------ All of the BASWIND and Window Tools routines require the Microsoft QuickBASIC 4.5 Compiler. You CANNOT use these routines with the BASIC or BASICA inter- preter. Attempting to do so will surely cause your computer to become spastic; possibly to the point of damage to files on disk. So PLEASE DO NOT ATTEMPT TO USE THEM WITH THE INTER- PRETER. There is basically ONE(1) way to use the routines included in this package (for now): 1) In a standalone EXE file created by compiling the main program with the 'BC /O' option; and then linking with the correct WINDQB45 library. Programs created in this manner will be large; but they will be totally self-sufficient. These routines were NOT meant to be used from within the QuickBASIC environment (at this time) because the QB environment handles arrays differently than it does when a program is compiled as standalone. HOWEVER, testing has been done in the QB 4.5 environment with no problems found, so far (for version 7.0 and above). Page 04 ROUTINE OVERVIEW ---------------- The following is a brief summary of the function of each of the routines contained in the Window Tools package: FASTPRT - A method of direct-screen writing to replace the relatively slow PRINT statement. Allows you to place a message string at a given row and column using any valid screen attributes. MAKEWIND - A routine to create a colored window on the screen, with either no border or a line- graphic border in one of 4 styles; with or without a true 'shadow' underneath; and either immediately appearing on the screen or 'growing' into position. SAVESCRN - Saves the contents of the current screen into an array. RESTSCRN - Restores the screen from the saved array. SAVEWIND - Like SAVESCRN, but instead saves only the screen data from a particular window area; rather than the entire screen. Saves time and memory. RESTWIND - Restores the area of the screen saved by SAVEWIND. SCROLL - Allows you to scroll a section of the screen either up or down and optionally write a new string into the line created at either the bottom or top, respectively. BIOS dependant. POPMENU - Creates a 'pop-up' menu on the screen in a window; allows you to scroll through the menu with a 'select bar', and returns the number of the option selected when [RETURN] is pressed. Really sub-function of POPLIST. POPLIST - While POPMENU is a display of several menu items; all on screen at the same time; POP- LIST displays a window with a few items from a list that can be much larger than the on- screen window. You may scroll through the list with the cursor keys, move to the beg- inning or end of the list with HOME and END, respectively; or use the PG UP and PG DN keys to move a 'window-full' at a time. [RETURN] makes the selection or right mouse button click on HI-LITED item. Page 05 POPDIR - A special case of the POPLIST routine; where the list displayed is the directory of a disk obtained by specifying a filespec. The filespec may contain the wildcard characters "*" and "?". TAGLIST - Where POPLIST is intended to select one value from a list, TAGLIST allows you to 'Tag' one or more items to be returned when [RETURN] is pressed. Items that have been tagged can be 'untagged' (de-selected). Click on with mouse. TAGDIR - Again, a special case of the TAGLIST routine where the list of items is a directory. BARMENU - If you like the user interface of QuickBASIC Version 2/3, you will like this routine. A menu bar across the top serves as the basis for individual 'pull-down' menus from which you can select via the cursor keys or mouse. MENU123 - If you prefer the menu style of Lotus 1-2-3, you may find this routine more to your liking with its highlighting of the selected option and the expanded description below. CALENDAR - Given a month number and a year number, this routine returns with a calendar in a window for that month. As best as can be determined, this calendar routine allows for leap years and leap centuries correctly; and will provide correct calendars for all years. CALENDR3 - As above, this routine creates a calendar in a window for a given month and year. However, this one also provides calendars for the pre- vious and following months. KEYCAL - Starting from a month and year, this routine allows you to advance or retreat months and years by means of the cursor keys (in the same fashion as Sidekick). QUERY - Is a general-purpose window handler for such function types as QUESTION/WARNING/CAUTION. The above pseudo QUERY functions are still included for downward compatibility ONLY. CAUTION - Creates a yellow 'Caution' window on the screen with message strings that you pass it. You then select whether to Cancel or Continue with the operation you are cautioning against. NOT a true function, based on QUERY function. Page 06 QUESTION- Allows you to present a user with a question, and get back a YES or NO reply to your question. NOT a true function, based on QUERY function. WARNING - A bit more dramatic than CAUTION with its red color and blinking 'WARNING' message; but otherwise works exactly the same. NOT a true function, based on QUERY function. FULLMENU - Used when you want to create a full-screen menu with several options requiring more explanation than can be given in POPMENU. TITLE - A 'sub-function' of the FULLMENU routine, that places a title bar at the top of the screen. ROW25 - Also a spinoff of the FULLMENU routine. This function lets you put a message on the bottom row of the screen framed by flashing charac- ters. Keeps the rest of the screen full of data while prompting the operator. WAITTIME - Pass it the number of seconds or fractions thereof and it will pause for that long; re- gardless of processor speed (unlike FOR- NEXT loops). Page 07 MMCHECK - Test for presence of a mouse and initializes it. MMCLICK - Returns the number of times a mouse button has pressed and released, since last time function called. MMBUTTON - Returns whether a mouse button is pressed and currently held down. MMGETLOC - Returns the current screen location of the mouse cursor. MMSETLOC - Moves the mouse cursor to the screen location specified. MMCURSORON - Turns on the mouse cursor, by making it visible. MMCURSOROFF - Turns off the mouse cursor, by making it invisible. MMSETRANGE - Restricts the mouses movements to an area of the screen. Page 08 KEYBOARD CONVENTIONS -------------------- The keyboard ,as well as the mouse , may be used to allow you to move within the windows, make window selections and page up and down. The keyboard is the primary input device. If an action is made with the keyboard, the mouse will 'follow' the keyboards actions. In otherwords, the mouse's cursor will re-position to the location of the screen cursor, if the keyboard is used to move around the screen. The 'standard' keyboard key press and function are : keyboard function that is performed -------- ----------------------------------------------------- ENTER Pressing the ENTER key is the normal way to 'select' an item from a window. ENTER signals that you are through processing this window. First Letter For most all windows you may select an items by pressing the key that corresponds to the 'first character' (case sensitive) of the item you may want to select. If there are multiple items that start with the same character, each will be high- lighted in-turn. CURSOR keys The CURSOR UP and CURSOR DOWN keys are normally used to move the high-lighted select bar up or down within a window. If there are more items than can be displayed in the window, The CURSOR UP/CURSOR DOWN causes the window selections to 'scroll' into or out of the window. The CURSOR LEFT and CURSOR RIGHT keys are normally used with a horizontal 'bar' type menu. You cursor left or right to position to an item and it is high-lighted. Positioning on a 'bar' item in some cases causes a 'drop-down' window , with additional options, to be displayed. You move the cursor up or down within the 'drop-down' window and/or cursor left/right to select another 'bar' menu item. PgUp/PgDn If a window has more selection items than can be displayed at once, you can page up or page down to see a 'new' window of different selection items. Home/End If a window has more selection items than can be displayed at once, you can view the first window of items by pressing Home. To view the last window of items , press the End key. ESC Most all windows/menus allow you to 'not select' an option. If you decide that you really do not want to make a selection off the window, then press the ESC key. Page 09 MOUSE CONVENTIONS ----------------- The mouse ,as well as the keyboard , may be used to allow you to move within the windows, make window selections and page up and down. The keyboard is the primary input device. If an action is made with the keyboard, the mouse will 'follow' the keyboards actions. In otherwords, the mouse's cursor will re-position to the location of the screen cursor, if the keyboard is used to move around the screen. The 'standard' mouse usage and function is : Mouse function that is performed -------- ----------------------------------------------------- Click on Select an item within a window. Clicking on a high- high-lighted lighted window item signals that this item is the item one you want and that you are through processing this window. You may click on an item to 'tag' or 'untag' it also. Right button click same as ENTER. Move Mouse For most all windows you may move to a new item by pointer moving the mouse cursor, within the window or on a 'bar' menu. Again, for most all windows, you may move the mouse out of a window and back in. Click on top If a window has more selection items than can be or bottom of displayed at once, you can page up or page down to window frame see a 'new' window of different selection items. If a 'little arrow (up or down type)' is displayed on the top or bottom in the window frame, you can click on the 'little arrow' to get a window of different selection items. click outside Most all windows/menus allow you to 'not select' an window or off option. If you decide that you really do not want to menu 'bar' make a selection off the window, then click outside the window or off the 'bar' menu (if one displayed). Page 10 CALLING CONVENTIONS ------------------- In all of the following descriptions, numeric variables MUST be integers; either globally defined early in the program by means of a DEFINT statement, or locally at the statement level by the integer assignment '%'. The EXCEPTION is for the WAITTIME routine. The parameter passed to WAITTIME MUST be a single precision var- iable, to allow for fractions of a second. You may also replace the variables in the parameter list with constants. Strings must be quoted (i.e., "This is a String"). To see how each of these routines would be used in a typical ap- plication program, please see the files on the disk marked DEMO1.BAS and DEMO2.BAS. These are the source code files for the demo programs distributed with BASWIND. DEMO1 consists mainly of CALLS to MAKEWIND, SAVESCRN, RESTSCRN, and SCROLL. DEMO2 includes a complete demo of all/most of the Window Tool Routines. Run the DEMO1.EXE and DEMO2.EXE files to see the .BAS compiled programs in action. The DEMO programs support a MS compatible mouse if one is available. To support QuickBasic 4.5 DIM syntax : DIM Array ( -x TO +y), most ALL routines NOW require an extra parameter, RETURN.CODE%, be specified. If you are using BASWIND6 or earlier routines then you will have to allow for extra parameter. Also, to allow for OPTION BASEs other than 0 or 1 , most ALL programs 'normalize' their internal array processing AS IF you had passed arrays dimensioned as OPTION BASE 1. SO, the value returned (menu item number selected) is NOT THE ARRAY ELEMENT of your array BUT is a 'normalized' Nth element. To convert to an ACTUAL array you would do something like: Array.element.value=Array(UBOUND(Array)+Win.Selection%-1) The routines that save/restore copy of screen images NOW EXPECT the stored images to be in FAR memory (DYNAMIC), SO , BOTH the memory segment and memory offset address MUST be passed, (even if they ARE IN BASICs DGROUP (near memory)). Page 11 Routine: POPMENU ------- Purpose: Provides a menu window from which you may make choices by moving the 'select bar' by means of the cursor keys or mouse. All the menu items to choose from are displayed at once. CALL POPMENU(HEADER.TITLE$,NUMBER.ITEMS%,ITEMS$(),_ TYPE.FRAME%,FOREGROUND%,BACKGROUND%,_ HEADER.FORE%,HEADER.BACK%,QUADRANT$,_ SHADOW%,SELECTION%,RETURN.CODE%) Passed: HEADER.TITLE$ - A message that appears in the top row of the window. The length of the header will determine the width of the menu window unless a choice des- cription in array ITEMS$() is longer. NUMBER.ITEMS% - The number of items to choose from in the menu. ITEMS$() - An array with the individual menu descriptions for each choice. TYPE.FRAME% - The type of frame that will go around the window: 0 - No frame. Just a border of spaces of the background color. 1 - A single line frame. 2 - A double line frame. 3 - A single horizontal line, double vertical line frame. 4 - A double horizontal line, single vertical line frame. FOREGROUND% - The foreground color; ranging from 0 (BLACK) to 15 (BRIGHT WHITE). This will be the color of the frame. BACKGROUND% - The background color (the color of the window). Can range from 0 (BLACK) to 7 (WHITE). HEADER.FORE% - The foreground color of the Header. HEADER.BACK% - The background color of the Header. Page 12 QUADRANT$ - The quadrant or row:column co-ordinates of where the window will be on the screen. (see description of QUADRANT, page 47) SHADOW% - A switch to determine if the menu window will have a shadow underneath. Any non-zero value will produce a shadow. SELECTION% - The number of the item to be initially high-lighted. This allow you to select the initial 'default' menu selection item presented to the user. Returns: SELECTION% - The number of the item selected. This can be used in a SELECT CASE .... statement to route program flow to the desired section. -1 - If [ESC] is pressed or mouse clicked outside the menu window. RETURN.CODE% - -1 - If [ESC] is pressed or mouse clicked outside the menu window. Page 13 Routine: POPLIST ------- Purpose: To display a list of items from which to select one. If there are more items in the list than can fit within the window, you can scroll the list up or down, using the cursor keys or the mouse. CALL POPLIST(HEADER.TITLE$,SHOWITEMS%,NUMBER.ITEMS%,_ ITEMS$(),FOREGROUND%,BACKGROUND%,_ HEADER.FORE%,HEADER.BACK%,QUADRANT$,_ SHADOW%,SELECTION%,RETURN.CODE%) Passed: HEADER.TITLE$ - A message that appears in the top row of the window. The length of the header will determine the width of the menu window unless a choice des- cription in array ITEMS$() is longer. SHOWITEMS% - The number of items to display in the list window at one time, in case there are more than can be displayed in the window at one time. NUMBER.ITEMS% - The total number of items in the list array. ITEMS$() - A description for each item in the list array, from which to choose. FOREGROUND% - The foreground color; ranging from 0 (BLACK) to 15 (BRIGHT WHITE). This will be the color of the frame. BACKGROUND% - The background color (the color of the window). Can range from 0 (BLACK) to 7 (WHITE). HEADER.FORE% - The foreground color of the Header. HEADER.BACK% - The background color of the Header. QUADRANT$ - The quadrant or row:column co-ordinates of where the window will be on the screen. (see description of QUADRANT, page 47) SHADOW% - A switch to determine if list window will have a black shadow underneath. Any non-zero value will produce a shadow. SELECTION% - The number of the item to be initially high-lighted. This allow you to select the initial 'default' menu selection item presented to the user. Page 14 Returns: SELECTION% - The number of the item selected. The actual list item selected can be determined by LIST$(SELECTION%). -1 - If [ESC] is pressed or mouse clicked outside window. RETURN.CODE% - -1 - If [ESC] is pressed or mouse clicked outside the menu window. Page 14a Routine: POPDIR ------ Purpose: Produce a window on the screen containing a list of files, using the filespec in SEARCH$. The filespec may contain the wildcards '*' and '?'. Select one file from the list using the cursor keys or mouse. CALL POPDIR(SEARCH$,SHOWITEMS%,FOREGROUND%,BACKGROUND%,_ HEADER.FORE%,HEADER.BACK%,_ QUADRANT$,SHADOW%,NUMFILES%,SELECTFILE$,RETURN.CODE%) Passed: SEARCH$ - The file specification used to determine which files will be displayed in the directory window. May contain the wildcard characters "*" and "?". For example, "*.*" or "BAS?????.TXT". SHOWITEMS% - The number of items to display in the directory window at one time, in case there are more than can be displayed in the window at one time. FOREGROUND% - The foreground color; ranging from 0 (BLACK) to 15 (BRIGHT WHITE). This will be the color of the frame. BACKGROUND% - The background color (the color of the window). Can range from 0 (BLACK) to 7 (WHITE). HEADER.FORE% - The foreground color of the Header. HEADER.BACK% - The background color of the Header. QUADRANT$ - The quadrant or row:column co-ordinates of where the window will be, on the screen (see description of QUADRANT, page 47) SHADOW% - A switch to determine if list window will have a black shadow underneath. Any non-zero value will produce a shadow. Returns: NUMFILES% - The number of files that match the SEARCH$ filespec. SELECTFILE$ - The full filename of the file selected. RETURN.CODE% - -1 - If [ESC] is pressed or mouse clicked outside the menu window. NOTE: The header for this routine consists of the SEARCH$ string. Page 15 Routine: TAGLIST ------- Purpose: Produces a window on the screen with a list of items as in POPLIST; only instead of returning only a single selection from the list, allows you to 'tag' a number of items using the 'Ins' key or 'untag' items with the 'Del' key. You may click on an item to tag/untag it also. CALL TAGLIST(HEADER.TITLE$,SHOWITEMS%,NUMBER.ITEMS%,_ NUMTAGGED%,ITEMS$(),TAGITEMS%(),FOREGROUND%,_ BACKGROUND%,HEADER.FORE%,HEADER.BACK%,_ QUADRANT$,SHADOW%,RETURN.CODE%) Passed: HEADER.TITLE$ - A message that appears in the top row of the window. The length of the header will determine the width of the menu window unless a choice des- cription in array ITEMS$() is longer. SHOWITEMS% - The number of items to display in the window window at one time, in case there are more items than can be displayed in the window at one time. NUMBER.ITEMS% - The total number of items in the list array. ITEMS$() - A description for each item in the list array, from which to choose. FOREGROUND% - The foreground color; ranging from 0 (BLACK) to 15 (BRIGHT WHITE). This will be the color of the frame. BACKGROUND% - The background color (the color of the window). Can range from 0 (BLACK) to 7 (WHITE). HEADER.FORE% - The foreground color of the Header. HEADER.BACK% - The background color of the Header. QUADRANT$ - The quadrant or row:column co-ordinates of where the window will be, on the screen. (see description of QUADRANT, page 47) SHADOW% - A switch to determine if list window will have a black shadow underneath. Any non-zero value will produce a shadow. NUMTAGGED% - The maximum number of items allowed to be tagged Page 16 Returns: NUMTAGGED% - The total number of tagged items. TAGITEMS%() - An array holding the element numbers of the tagged items. RETURN.CODE% - -1 - If [ESC] is pressed or mouse clicked outside the menu window. Page 16a Routine: TAGDIR ------ Purpose: Produce a window on the screen containing a list of files, using the filespec in SEARCH$. The filespec may contain the wildcards '*' and '?'. Instead of returning only a single selection from the list, you to 'tag' a number of items using the 'Ins' key or 'untag' items with the 'Del' key. You may also click on an item to tag/untag it. CALL TAGDIR(SEARCH$,SHOWITEMS%,FOREGROUND%,BACKGROUND%,_ HEADER.FORE%,HEADER.BACK%,QUADRANT$,_ SHADOW%,NUMTAGGED%,TAG$()$,RETURN.CODE%) Passed: SEARCH$ - The file specification used to determine which files will be displayed in the directory window. May contain the wildcard characters "*" and "?". For example, "*.*" or "BAS?????.TXT". SHOWITEMS% - The number of items to display in the directory window at one time, in case there are more than can be displayed in the window at one time. FOREGROUND% - The foreground color; ranging from 0 (BLACK) to 15 (BRIGHT WHITE). This will be the color of the frame. BACKGROUND% - The background color (the color of the window). Can range from 0 (BLACK) to 7 (WHITE). HEADER.FORE% - The foreground color of the Header. HEADER.BACK% - The background color of the Header. QUADRANT$ - The quadrant or row:column co-ordinates of where the window will be, on the screen (see description of QUADRANT, page 47) SHADOW% - A switch to determine if list window will have a black shadow underneath. Any non-zero value will produce a shadow. NUMTAGGED% - The maximum number of filenames that can be tagged. Page 17 Returns: NUMTAGGED% - The number of filenames that were tagged. TAG()$ - An array containing the full filenames of the files tagged. RETURN.CODE% - -1 - If [ESC] is pressed or mouse clicked outside the menu window. NOTE: The header for the window consists of the SEARCH$ string. Page 17a Routine: BARMENU ------- Purpose: Produces a display similar to the editing screen of QuickBASIC with a bar across the top and 'pull-down' menus for each selection. CALL BARMENU(HEADER.TITLE$,FOREGROUND%,BACKGROUND%,_ BLKSIZE%,BLKNUM%,MAXSIZE%(), MAXITEMS%(),ITEMS$(),_ MENUSLCT%,SELECTION%,RETURN.CODE%) Passed: HEADER.TITLE$ - The Menu Headings that will be placed on the second screen line (to allow for a screen border if desired). FOREGROUND% - The foreground color of the HEADER.TITLE$ string. BACKGROUND% - The background color of the HEADER.TITLE$ string. BLKSIZE% - The HEADER.TITLE$ string is divided into blocks of fixed size, which will be highlighted as each is selected and the appropriate menu 'drops down' beneath it. BLKSIZE% sets the size of these blocks. BLKNUM% - The number of fixed blocks of BLKSIZE% that are present in HEADER.TITLE$. MAXSIZE%() - An array with one element for each menu that will appear (i.e., BLKNUM%). This array element holds the maximum length of the items contained in the corresponding menu. HOWEVER, with BASWIND7, this array is NOT really effective, as BASWIND7 looks at ALL the ITEMS$() and adjusts the window size. MAXITEMS%() - An array with one element per menu, holding the number of items in each corresponding menu. ITEMS$() - A two-dimensional array (i.e. ITEMS$(1,1) holding the actual menu item description. The first dimension holds the menu number, and the second holds the item number, within a menu. Thus, ITEMS$(1,1) would be the first item in Menu #1; and ITEMS$(5,10) would be the 10th item in Menu #5 (depending on your OPTION BASE or DIM statement). SELECTION% - The number of the item to be initially high-lighted. This allow you to select the initial 'default' menu selection item presented to the user. Page 18 Returns: MENUSLCT% - The menu number, of the menu selected. SELECTION% - The item number, within the menu selected. -1 - If ESC pressed or mouse clicked outside menu window. RETURN.CODE% - -1 - If [ESC] is pressed or mouse clicked outside the menu window. Page 18a Routine: MENU123 ------- Purpose: Produces two-line menus, similar to those used with LOTUS 1-2-3. CALL MENU123(HEADER.TITLE$,ROW%,FOREGROUND%,BACKGROUND%,_ NUMBER.ITEMS%,ITEMS$(),SELECTION%,RETURN.CODE%) Passed: HEADER.TITLE$ - A description the top menu line; from which selection is made. The individual names in the HEADER.TITLE$ string must be separated by at least one space. ROW% - The screen row on which the menu is to appear. This allows you to place the menu on either the top or bottom of the screen. FOREGROUND% - The foreground color of the HEADER.TITLE$ and the Description Line under it. BACKGROUND% - The background color of the HEADER.TITLE$ and the Description Line under it. NUMBER.ITEMS% - The number of individual names within the HEADER.TITLE$. ITEMS$() - An array of descriptions, one for each selection item in the HEADER.TITLE$. SELECTION% - The number of the item to be initially high-lighted. This allow you to select the initial 'default' menu selection item presented to the user. Returns: SELECTION% - The number of the item selected. -1 - If ESC pressed or mouse clicked off menu. RETURN.CODE% - -1 - If [ESC] is pressed or mouse clicked outside the menu window. Page 19 Routine: CALENDAR -------- Purpose: Displays a calendar for the month and year desired. CALL CALENDAR(MONTH%,YEAR%,QUADRANT$,FOREGROUND%,BACKGROUND%,SHADOW%,_ RETURN.CODE%) Passed: MONTH% - The number of the month desired. YEAR% - The year in 4 digit format; that is, 1986,1987 etc. QUADRANT$ - The quadrant or row:column co-ordinates of where the window will be, on the screen (see description of QUADRANT, page 47) FOREGROUND% - The foreground color; ranging from 0 (BLACK) to 15 (BRIGHT WHITE). This will be the color of the frame. BACKGROUND% - The background color (the color of the window). Can range from 0 (BLACK) to 7 (WHITE). SHADOW% - A switch to determine if list window will have a black shadow underneath. Any non-zero value will produce a shadow. Returns: RETURN.CODE% - No returned parameters. NOTE: The calendar routines do no error checking, so for proper results, you must insure that month and years fall within proper ranges. Page 20 Routine: CALENDR3 -------- Purpose: Displays a calendar for the month and year desired and also for the previous and following month. CALL CALENDR3(MONTH%,YEAR%,ROW%,FOREGROUND%,BACKGROUND%,SHADOW%,_ RETURN.CODE%) Passed: MONTH% - The number of the month desired. YEAR% - The year in 4 digit format; that is, 1986,1987 etc. ROW% - The row that the 3 calendars will be displayed on. Since the 3 calendars produced by this routine take up nearly the entire width of the screen, there is no need to specify column parameter FOREGROUND% - The foreground color; ranging from 0 (BLACK) to 15 (BRIGHT WHITE). This will be the color of the frame. BACKGROUND% - The background color (the color of the window). Can range from 0 (BLACK) to 7 (WHITE). SHADOW% - A switch to determine if list window will have a black shadow underneath. Any non-zero value will produce a shadow. Returns: RETURN.CODE% - No returned parameters. NOTE: The calendar routines do no error checking, so for proper results, you must insure that month and years fall within proper ranges. Page 21 Routine: KEYCAL ------ Purpose: Display a calendar for the month and year desired. However, using the cursor keys, you may advance or back up months and years automatically. CALL KEYCAL(MONTH%,YEAR%,QUADRANT$,FOREGROUND%,BACKGROUND%,SHADOW%,_ RETURN.CODE%) Passed: MONTH% - The number of the month desired. YEAR% - The year in 4 digit format; that is, 1986,1987 etc. QUADRANT$ - The quadrant or row:column co-ordinates of where the window will be, on the screen (see description of QUADRANT, page 47) FOREGROUND% - The foreground color; ranging from 0 (BLACK) to 15 (BRIGHT WHITE). This will be the color of the frame. BACKGROUND% - The background color (the color of the window). Can range from 0 (BLACK) to 7 (WHITE). SHADOW% - A switch to determine if list window will have a black shadow underneath. Any non-zero will produce a shadow. Returns: RETURN.CODE% - No returned parameters. However, you may use the cursor keys to vary the calendar displayed as follows: UP ARROW - Increment Year DOWN ARROW - Decrement Year RIGHT ARROW - Increment Month LEFT ARROW - Decrement Month You may exit the routine by pressing either RETURN or ESCAPE. Page 22 Routine: QUERY ----- Purpose: Allow a user to make a YES/NO or STOP/GO type of decision based on a 'prompt', with supporting messages. CALL QUERY(NUMBER.ITEMS%,ITEMS$(),QUADRANT$,HEADER.TITLE$,_ LEFT.BUTTON.MSG$,LEFT.BUTTON.REPLY$,_ RIGHT.BUTTON.MSG$,RIGHT.BUTTON.REPLY$,_ QUERY.TYPE%,SELECTION%) Passed: NUMBER.ITEMS% - The number of lines of message data to appear in the QUERY window. Allow for any blank lines you may want. ITEMS$() - The array of the text message data to appear in the window. You must provide null strings ("") for any blank lines QUADRANT$ - The quadrant or row:column co-ordinates of where the window will be, on the screen (see description of QUADRANT, page 47) HEADER.TITLE$ - A message that reflects the main reason for display- ing this QUERY window. LEFT.BUTTON.MSG$ - The QUERY prompt that you want to appear in the left window 'button', such as "YES" LEFT.BUTTON.REPLY$ - The valid allowable user keyboard responses to select this option. For example: for a YES reply you would specify "Yy" (to allow for upper/lower case) RIGHT.BUTTON.MSG$ - The QUERY prompt you want to appear in the right window 'button', such as "NO" RIGHT.BUTTON.REPLY$ - The valid allowable user keyboard responses to select this option. For example: for a NO reply you would specify "Nn" (to allow for upper/lower case) QUERY.TYPE% - The type of QUERY window to be displayed, as follows: 0 - CAUTION/QUESTION type window 1 - WARNING type window SELECTION% - The number of the item to be initially high-lighted. This allow you to select the initial 'default' dialog button presented to the user. Returns: SELECTION% - A 0 or 1, indicating selection as follows: 0 - left window 'button' selected 1 - right window 'button' selected -1 - ESC key was pressed OR mouse clicked outside window. Page 23 Routine: CAUTION ------- Purpose: Produces a yellow (or brown, depending on your monitor) Caution window with given text messages, allowing the user to either Cancel or Continue with the operation at hand. The CAUTION window is now only a special case of the QUERY window function. CALL CAUTION(NUMBER.ITEMS%,ITEMS$(),QUADRANT$,SELECTION%) Passed: NUMBER.ITEMS% - The number of lines of message data to appear in the CAUTION window. Allow for any blank lines you may want. ITEMS$() - The array of the text message data to appear in the window. You must provide null strings ("") for any blank lines QUADRANT$ - The quadrant or row:column co-ordinates of where the window will be, on the screen (see description of QUADRANT, page 47) SELECTION% - The number of the item to be initially high-lighted. This allow you to select the initial 'default' dialog button presented to the user. Returns: SELECTION% - A 0 or 1, indicating selection as follows: 0 - CANCEL selected. 1 - CONTINUE selected. -1 - ESC key was pressed OR mouse clicked outside window. Page 24 Routine: QUESTION -------- Purpose: Produces a yellow (or brown, depending on your monitor) Question window with given text messages, allowing the user to answer either Yes or No to the question. The QUESTION window is now only a special case of the QUERY window function. CALL QUESTION (NUMBER.ITEMS%,ITEMS$(),QUADRANT$,SELECTION%) Passed: NUMBER.ITEMS% - The number of lines of message data to appear in the QUESTION window. Allow for any blank lines you may want. ITEMS$() - The array of the text message data to appear in the window. You must provide null strings ("") for any blank lines QUADRANT$ - The quadrant or row:column co-ordinates of where the window will be, on the screen (see description of QUADRANT, page 47) SELECTION% - The number of the item to be initially high-lighted. This allow you to select the initial 'default' dialog button presented to the user. Returns: SELECTION% - A 0 or 1, indicating selection as follows: 0 - NO selected. 1 - YES selected. -1 - ESC key was pressed OR mouse clicked outside window. Page 25 Routine: WARNING ------- Purpose: Similar to CAUTION above, but more dramatic with its red color and flashing "WARNING" message. The WARNING window is now only a special case of the QUERY window function. CALL WARNING(NUMBER.ITEMS%,ITEMS$(),QUADRANT$,SELECTION%) Passed: NUMBER.ITEMS% - The number of lines of message data to appear in the WARNING window. Allow for any blank lines you may want. ITEMS$() - The array of the text message data to appear in the window. You must provide null strings ("") for any blank lines QUADRANT$ - The quadrant or row:column co-ordinates of where the window will be, on the screen (see description of QUADRANT, page 47) SELECTION% - The number of the item to be initially high-lighted. This allow you to select the initial 'default' dialog button presented to the user. Returns: SELECTION% - A 0 or 1, indicating selection as follows: 0 - CANCEL selected. 1 - CONTINUE selected. -1 - ESC key was pressed OR mouse clicked outside window. Page 26 Routine: ROW25 ----- Purpose: Produces a message centered on row 25 of the screen. CALL ROW25(HEADER.TITLE$,RETURN.CODE%) Passed: HEADER.TITLE$ - A message that is to be placed on Row 25 of the screen. This string must be of length 72 or less for proper display. Returns: RETURN.CODE% - No parameters returned. NOTE: The string in HEADER.TITLE$ displayed centered on Row 25 bracketed by flashing highlights. Page 27 Routine: TITLE ----- Purpose: Produces a message centered in a Title Block. CALL TITLE(HEADER.TITLE$,RETURN.CODE%) Passed: HEADER.TITLE$ - A message that is to be used to title the screen. Returns: RETURN.CODE% - No parameters returned NOTE: The HEADER.TITLE$ displayed in a Title Bar at the top of the screen. Page 28 Routine: FULLMENU -------- Purpose: Produces a full screen menu with choices selected by pressing number keys. CALL FULLMENU(HEADER.TITLE$,ITEMS$(),MAIN%,NUMBER.ITEMS%,SELECTION%,_ RETURN.CODE%) Passed: HEADER.TITLE$ - A message to be displayed in the screen title, (uses TITLE function). ITEMS$() - An array of the descriptions of each of the menu selections MAIN% - A switch indicating if this is the Main Menu of the program. This determines if the Menu description accompanying the [ESC] selection states "Return to Previous Menu" or "Exit Program". NUMBER.ITEMS% - The number of choices available for the menu. Returns: SELECTION% - The number of the item selected. This can be used in a SELECT CASE .... statement to route program flow to the desired section. RETURN.CODE% - -1 - If ESC is pressed Page 29 Routine: WAITTIME -------- Purpose: Waits a given number of seconds or fractions thereof regardless of processor speed or until ESC pressed. CALL WAITTIME(SECONDS!,RETURN.CODE%) Passed: SECONDS! - A single precision number, holding the number of seconds or fractions thereof to wait. Returns: RETURN.CODE% - -1 - If [ESC] is pressed NOTE: Returns to the calling program after the selected time period or when the ESC key pressed. The SECONDS was changed from a interger to a single precision to allow for fractions of a second. The WAITTIME was enhanced to allow for "rollover" at midnite from a value of 86400 , back to 0 and still correctly wait number of seconds specified. A "backdoor" out of WAITTIME was added. The user can press the ESC key and immediately cause a "timeout" to occur. Page 30 Routine: FASTPRT ------- Purpose: Performs direct write to the memory screen buffer. Writes a string at a row and column location, using the specified attributes. This is an adaptation of the QPRINT routine that has been around for awhile. CALL FASTPRT(HEADER.TITLE$,ROW%,COLUMN%,ATTR%,RETURN.CODE%) Passed: HEADER.TITLE$ - The information to be written directly to the memory screen buffer (bypassing DOS). ROW% - The row at which the HEADER.TITLE$ is to be written. COLUMN% - The column at which the HEADER.TITLE$ to be written. ATTR% - The screen attribute with which to display the HEADER.TITLE$. ATTR% is derived from the followung formula: ATTR% = (backgrnd * 16) + foregrnd Returns: RETURN.CODE% - No return parameter. Page 31 Routine: MAKEWIND -------- Purpose: Produces a window of the given size and color at a specified location on the screen; with options such as a frame in various styles, a shadow underneath, and 'growing' onto the screen. CALL MAKEWIND(ULR%,ULC%,LRR%,LRC%,TYPE.FRAME%,FOREGROUND%,_ BACKGROUND%,GROW%,SHADOW%,HEADER.TITLE$,_ RETURN.CODE%) Passed: ULR% - An integer holding the upper left hand corner row value. ULC% - An integer holding the upper left hand corner column value. LRR% - An integer holding the lower right hand corner row value. LRC% - An integer holding the lower right hand corner column value. TYPE.FRAME% - An integer defining the type of frame style for the window as follows: 0 - No frame. Just a border of spaces of the background color. This is the default if an invalid value is specified. 1 - A single line frame. 2 - A double line frame. 3 - A single horizontal line, double vertical line frame. 4 - A double horizontal line, single vertical line frame. FOREGROUND% - The foreground color; ranging from 0 (BLACK) to 15 (BRIGHT WHITE). This will be the color of the frame. To get a blinking frame add 128 to FOREGROUND%. BACKGROUND% - The background color (the color of the window). Can range from 0 (BLACK) to 7 (WHITE). GROW% - A switch to determine if the window will grow from the center outward. Any non-zero value will produce a growing window. SHADOW% - A switch to determine if the window will have a black shadow underneath. Any non-zero value will produce a shadow. Page 32 HEADER.TITLE$ - A string that will be used to produce a label in CENTERED in the top line of the window frame. The label will be framed by square brackets ( [ ] ). If the HEADER.TITLE$ string is a null string ("") the the label will not be displayed. If the HEADER.TITLE$ is longer than the width of the window, the label will be truncated. Returns: RETURN.CODE% - No parameters returned. NOTES: Once the window is placed on the screen, it is up to you to fill it with data, by means of LOCATE, COLOR, and PRINT statements. The frame is drawn around the window coordinates. Thus the dimensions of the windows will actually be two columns greater in width and two row greater in length. Adding a shadow increases the effective window size by 3 columns to the left and 1 row below. You can use constants in the argument list of the CALL, so you do not have to pre-assign variables to all parameters. Page 33 Routine: SAVESCRN -------- Purpose: Saves the screen buffer contents to an array. CALL SAVESCRN(NOTEST%,SCRNARRY.SEGMENT%,SCRNARRY.OFFSET%,RETURN.CODE%) Passed: NOTEST% - A switch to determine whether to test horizontal retrace status during data transfers to minimize screen snow. The IBM CGA requires these tests; but many non-IBM color cards and the EGA do not. Operations can be significantly speeded up on monitors NOT requiring a test of the horizontal retrace. A value of 0 for NOTEST% will cause the routine to check horizontal retrace status. Any other value will bypass status checking. Regardless of this value, monochrome cards will always bypass status checking. SCRNARRY.SEGMENT% - The memory location of the array that is to hold ----- the screen data. The memory location must be able to hold 4000 bytes ((25 rows x 80 columns) * 2). The memory location is determined as follows: (see NOTE below) SCRNARRY.OFFSET% - The memory location of the element of the array --------------------- that is to hold the screen data. There must be at least 4000 bytes from this element to the end of the array. Returns: The data in the screen stored at the specified memory location (of the array). NOTE: Example of how to generate the array SEGMENT and OFFSET addresses SCRNARRY.SEGMENT%=VARSEG(ARRY%(0)) SCRNARRY.OFFSET%=VARPTR(ARRY%(0)) NOTE: This routine does not save the current cursor location. If you require that it be saved, you must issue the following statement BEFORE you call SAVESCRN: OLDX% = POS(0):OLDY% = CSRLIN You can restore the cursor position with the following statement LOCATE OLDY%,OLDX% Page 34 Routine: RESTSCRN -------- Purpose: Moves screen data , that had been saved with SAVESCRN, from the specified memory location ( in an array) back into the screen memory buffer. CALL RESTSCRN(NOTEST%,SCRNARRY.SEGMENT%,SCRNARRY.OFFSET%,RETURN.CODE%) Passed: NOTEST% - A switch to determine whether to test horizontal retrace status during data transfers to minimize screen snow. The IBM CGA requires these tests; but many non-IBM color cards and the EGA do not. Operations can be significantly speeded up on monitors NOT requiring a test of the horizontal retrace. A value of 0 for NOTEST% will cause the routine to check horizontal retrace status. Any other value will bypass status checking. Regardless of this value, monochrome cards will always bypass status checking. SCRNARRY.SEGMENT% - The memory location of the array that is to hold ----- the screen data. The memory location must be able to hold 4000 bytes ((25 rows x 80 columns) * 2). The memory location is determined as follows: (see NOTE below) SCRNARRY.OFFSET% - The memory location of the element of the array --------------------- that is to hold the screen data. There must be at least 4000 bytes from this element to the end of the array. The memory location is determined as follows: (see NOTE below) NOTE: Example of how to generate the array SEGMENT and OFFSET addresses SCRNARRY.SEGMENT%=VARSEG(ARRY%(0)) SCRNARRY.OFFSET%=VARPTR(ARRY%(0)) Returns: No parameters returned. The screen as it was before the execution of the SAVESCRN routine. Page 35 Routine: SAVEWIND -------- Purpose: Copies a rectangular area of the screen memory buffer to a memory location (in an array). SAVEWIND(ULR%,ULC%,LRR%,LRC%,WINDARRY.SEGMENT%,WINDARRY.OFFSET%,_ RETURN.CODE%) Passed: ULR% - The upper left hand corner row value. ULC% - The upper left hand corner column value. LRR% - The lower right hand corner row value. LRC% - The lower right hand corner column value. WINDARRY.SEGMENT% - The memory location of the array that is to hold ----- the screen data. The memory location must be able to hold the number of ((rows x columns) * 2) bytes. The memory location is determined as follows: (see NOTE below) WINDARRY.OFFSET% - The memory location of the element of the array --------------------- that is to hold the screen data. There must be at at least ((rows x columns) * 2) bytes in the array. The memory location is determined as follows: (see NOTE below) Returns: The data in the specified screen memory buffer is stored at the specified memory location (of an array). NOTE: Example of how to generate the array SEGMENT and OFFSET addresses WINDARRY.SEGMENT%=VARSEG(ARRY%(0)) WINDARRY.OFFSET%=VARPTR(ARRY%(0)) Page 36 Routine: RESTWIND -------- Purpose: Copies to a rectangular area of the screen memory buffer from a memory location (in an array). RESTWIND(ULR%,ULC%,LRR%,LRC%,WINDARRY.SEGMENT%,WINDARRY.OFFSET%,_ RETURN.CODE%) Passed: ULR% - The upper left hand corner row value. ULC% - The upper left hand corner column value. LRR% - The lower right hand corner row value. LRC% - The lower right hand corner column value. WINDARRY.SEGMENT% - The memory location of the array that is to hold ----- the screen data. The memory location must be able to hold the number of ((rows x columns) * 2) bytes. The memory location is determined as follows: (see NOTE below) WINDARRY.OFFSET% - The memory location of the element of the array --------------------- that is to hold the screen data. There must be at at least ((rows x columns) * 2) bytes in the array. The memory location is determined as follows: (see NOTE below) Returns: No parameters returned. The data in the specified array is restored to the screen at the given co-ordinates. Note that these DO NOT have to be the same coordinates that were given at the time of the SAVEWIND operation; allowing you to 'pick up' a section of the screen and 'drop' it somewhere else. NOTE: Example of how to generate the array SEGMENT and OFFSET addresses WINDARRY.SEGMENT%=VARSEG(ARRY%(0)) WINDARRY.OFFSET%=VARPTR(ARRY%(0)) Page 37 Routine: SCROLL ------ Purpose: Allows an area of the screen to be scrolled or cleared, independent of the rest of the screen. CALL SCROLL(ULR%,ULC%,LRR%,LRC%,LINES%,DIR%,HEADER.TITLE$,_ RETURN.CODE%) Passed: ULR% - The upper left hand corner row value. ULC% - The upper left hand corner column value. LRR% - The lower right hand corner row value. LRC% - The lower right hand corner column value. LINES% - The number of lines to be scrolled. Normally 1, so that another line can be set into its place. If number of lines is 0, THEN the area defined is cleared, using the background attribute. DIR% - The direction of the scroll. 1 - scroll up -1 - scroll down HEADER.TITLE$ - A text message that will be placed into the area left clear by the scroll procedure. Returns: No returned parameters. NOTE: The SCROLL function takes advantage of calls made directly to the BIOS. Therefore the PCs BIOS that the program is running on MUST be able to provide IBM compatibility for SCROLL to work correctly. Page 38 Routine: MMBUTTON -------- Purpose: Returns which mouse buttons are currently being held down. CALL MMBUTTON(LFT%,RGT%) Passed: No parameters passed Returns: LFT% - Will return a non-zero value if the left button is currently held down. RGT% - Will return a non-zero value if the right button is currently held down. Page 39 Routine: MMCHECK ------- Purpose: Check for an installed mouse, reset the mouse, initialize all motion counters and set mouse to center position. This call MUST BE MADE BEFORE any other mouse calls will function. CALL MMCHECK(MOUSE%) Passed: No parameters passed. Returns: MOUSE% - The number of mouse buttons installed. Zero(0) if NO mouse installed. Page 40 Routine: MMCLICK ------- Purpose: Returns which mouse buttons have been clicked since you last used this function. CALL MMCLICK(LFT%,RGT%) Passed: No parameters passed Returns: LFT% - Will return the number of times that left button has been pressed since the last call to this function. RGT% - Will return the number of times that right button has been pressed since the last call to this function. Page 41 Routine: MMCURSORON ---------- Purpose: Makes the cursor associated with the mouse visible. This is normally a blinking block, and shows where the mouse is currently pointing. CALL MMCURSORON Passed: No parameters Returned: No parameters Page 42 Routine: MMCURSOROFF ----------- Purpose: Makes the cursor associated with the mouse invisible. If the cursor is off, the cursor will still follow the mouses movements, but the cursor will not be seen until turned on. MMCURSORON. CALL MMCURSOROFF Passed: No parameters Returned: No parameters Page 43 Routine: MMGETLOC -------- Purpose: Gets the current location of the mouse cursor. This is returned as a value from 0-639 for columns, and 0-199 for rows. You need to adjust this for the current screen format. If you're in text mode, divide the columns by eight and the rows by eight. If you're in low-res graphics mode, divide by two. If you're in high res graphics, the numbers are fine. CALL MMGETLOC(COL%,ROW%) Passed: No parameters passed Returned: COL% - 'x' co-ordinate (column) is a value from 0-639 ROW% - 'y' co-ordinate (row) is a value from 0-199. NOTE: To normalize the values returned by MMGETLOC (for 80x25 text screen) , the basic formula is: Basics CSRLIN value is: ((ROW%\8) + 1) Basics POS(0) value is: ((COL%\8) + 1) Page 44 Routine: MMSETLOC -------- Purpose: Sets the current location of the mouse cursor. This is passed as a value from 0-639 for columns, and 0-199 for rows. You need to adjust this for the current screen format. CALL MMSETLOC(COL%,ROW%) Passed: COL% - 'x' co-ordinate (column) is a value from 0-639 ROW% - 'y' co-ordinate (row) is a value from 0-199. Returns No parameters returned. NOTE: To translate Basic's CSRLIN and POS(0) values, (for 80x25 text screen) , the basic formula is: Mouses 'y' value is : ((CSRLIN-1)*8)) Mouses 'x' value is : ((POS(0)-1)*8) Page 45 Routine: MMSETRANGE ---------- Purpose: Sets the range of locations where the mouse cursor is allowed to be. This is done by specifying the upper left corner and lower right corner of the edges of the mouse input field. CALL MMSETRANGE(ULC%,ULR%,LRC%,LRR%) Passed: ULC% - The upper left hand corner column value. ULR% - The upper left hand corner row value. LRC% - The lower right hand corner column value. LRR% - The lower right hand corner row value. Returns: No parameters returned. NOTE: To translate Basic's CSRLIN and POS(0) values, (for 80x25 text screen) , the basic formula is: Mouses ROW value is : ((CSRLIN-1)*8)) Mouses COLUMN value is : ((POS(0)-1)*8) Page 46 QUADRANT$ --------- A QUADRANT$ is defined as a string. This string can have a a value as noted below ("0"/"4" or "01:01"). The "row:column" format defines actual upper left screen co-ordinates of a window. The other format, "0", defines a quadrant of the screen in which a window is centered. With BASWIND, IF the window does NOT center in a quadrant (its to big for example), the center co-ordinates for the quadrant are adjusted so that the window will still be in that quadrant of the window. screen layout ----------------- --------------------------- | . | | 1 . 2 | | . | |.............0.............| | . | | . | | 4 . 3 | | . | --------------------------- "0" - In the exact center of the screen; centered according to menu size. "1" - Upper Left Quadrant. "2" - Upper Right Quadrant. "3" - Lower Right Quadrant. "4" - Lower Left Quadrant. "rr:cc" - Specifies exact coordinates of upper left corner of window to be row rr and column cc (two digits each). Page 47 Comments, and Suggestions for BASWIND8 In order to make the Window Tools routines the best that they can be, and to better serve your needs; This form is provided for your feedback. If you have any comments or suggestions on these routines, please use this to communicate that information. If you have any suggestions as to additional Window Tool routines that would be useful to you, please include that infor- mation as well. You may also use this form if you would like to be kept informed of any future additions and releases of Window Tools or supporting assembler routines. Name:________________________ Mail to: James P. Morgan Address: ____________________ 5226 Via Hacienda #115 ____________________ Orlando FL 32809 City: _______________________ U. S. A. State: __________ Zip: ______ Country: ____________________ COMMENTS: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Page 48