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4.1    NCSA Telnet

Utility Programs    4.1

National Center for Supercomputing Applications

June 1991




June 1991




Chapter 4    Utility Programs



Chapter Overview
finger
Name
Command Line
Description
Options
ftp
Name
Command Line
Description
Options
Commands
Aborting a File Transfer
File Naming Conventions
File Transfer Parameters
lpq
Name
Command Line
Description
Options
Files
See Also
Diagnostics
Bugs
lpr
Name
Command Line
Description
Options
Diagnostics
lprm
Name
Command Line
Description
Options
Diagnostics
net14
Name
Command Line
Description
Usage
Options
rsh
Name
Command Line
Description
Options
setclock
Name
Command Line
Description
Options


Overview

This appendix outlines in detail some helpful command
programs. Almost all the documentation for each of the commands
was taken from their online version written by Sun Microsystems
Inc. You can access this same online information by entering man
filename when you connect to a UNIX machine. For instance, to
access information about the finger command, you would enter:
man finger.


finger

Name
The finger command lists information about users.


Command Line
finger [ options ] name...


Description
By default, finger lists information about logged-in users,
including their: login name, full name, terminal name
(prepended with a `*' if write-permission is denied), idle time,
login time, and location (comment field in /etc/ttytab for users
logged in locally, hostname for users logged in remotely) if
known.

Idle time is minutes if it is a single integer, hours and minutes if a
':' is present, or days and hours if a 'd' is present.

When one or more name arguments are given, more detailed
information is given for each name specified, whether they are
logged in or not. A name may be a first or last name, or an account
name. Information is presented in a multi-line format, and
includes, in addition to the information mentioned above:

the user's home directory and login shell; the time
they logged in; if they are currently logged in, or the
time they last logged in if they are not; the terminal
or host from which they logged in; and, if a terminal,
the comment field in /etc/ttytab for that terminal; the
last time they received mail; the last time they read
their mail; any plan contained in the file .plan in
the user's home directory; and any project on which
they are working, described in the file .project (also
in that directory)

If a name argument contains an at-sign, `@', then a connection is
attempted to the machine named after the at-sign, and the remote
finger daemon is queried. The data returned by that daemon is
printed. If a long format printout is to be produced, the /W option is
passed to the remote finger daemon.


Options
-m
Matches arguments only on user name (not first or last name).


-l
Forces long output format.


-s
Forces short output format.


-q
Forces quick output format, which is similar to short format except
that only the login name, terminal, and login time are printed.


-i
Forces ``idle'' output format, which is similar to short format
except that only the login name, terminal, login time, and idle
time are printed.


-b
Suppresses printing the user's home directory and shell in a long
format printout.


-f
Suppresses printing the header that is normally printed in a non-
long format printout.


-w
Suppresses printing the full name in a short format printout.


-h
Suppresses printing of the .project file in a long format printout.


-p
Suppresses printing of the .plan file in a long format printout.


ftp

Name
ftp - file transfer program


Command Line
ftp [ -dginvrsmhfe ] [ hostname ]


Description
ftp is the user interface to the ARPANET standard File Transfer
Protocol (FTP). ftp transfers files to and from a remote network
site.

The client host with which ftp is to communicate may be specified
on the command line. If this is done, ftp immediately attempts to
establish a connection to an FTP server on that host; otherwise, ftp
enters its command interpreter and awaits instructions from the
user. When ftp is awaiting commands from the user, it displays
the prompt `ftp>'.


Options
You may specify the options at the command line or to the
command interpreter.


-d
Enables debugging.


-e <filename>
Same as -f except prompts you for login name and password.


-f <filename>
Non-interactive FTP session. Executes commands in
<filename>.


-g
Disables filename globbing.


-h <filename>
Gives location of the config.tel file.


-i
Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers.


-m
Uses built-in "more" command.

-n
Does not attempt auto-login upon initial connection. If autologin is
enabled, ftp checks the .netrc file in the user's home directory for
an entry describing an account on the remote machine. If no entry
exists, ftp will prompt for the login name of the account on the
remote machine (the default is the login name on the local
machine), and, if necessary, prompts for a password and an
account with which to login.


-r
Disables output redirection.


-s
Disables slash flipping.


-v
Shows all responses from the remote server, as well as reports on
data transfer statistics. This is turned on by default if ftp is
running interactively with its input coming from the user's
terminal.


Commands
! [ command ]
Runs command as a shell command on the local machine. If no
command is given, invoke an interactive shell.


account [ passwd ]
Supplies a supplemental password required by a remote system for
access to resources once a login has been successfully completed. If
no argument is included, the user will be prompted for an account
password in a non-echoing input mode.


ascii
Sets the representation type to network ASCII. This is the default
type.


bell
Sounds a bell after each file transfer command is completed.


binary
Sets the representation type to image.


bye
Terminates the FTP session with the remote server and exits ftp.
An EOF will also terminate the session and exit.


cd remote-directory
Changes the working directory on the remote machine to remote-
directory.


close
Terminates the FTP session with the remote server, and returns to
the command interpreter. Any defined macros are erased.


delete remote-file
Deletes the file remote-file on the remote machine.


debug [ debug-value ]
Toggles debugging mode. If an optional debug-value is specified it
is used to set the debugging level. When debugging is on, ftp prints
each command sent to the remote machine, preceded by the string `-
->'.


dir [ remote-directory ] [ local-file ]
Prints a listing of the directory contents in the directory, remote-
directory, and, optionally, places the output in local-file. If no
directory is specified, the current working directory on the remote
machine is used. If no local file is specified, or local-file is
 `-', output is sent to the terminal.


get remote-file [ local-file ]
Retrieves the remote-file and stores it on the local machine. If the
local file name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on
the remote machine, subject to alteration by the current case,
ntrans, and nmap settings. The current settings for representation
type, file structure, and transfer mode are used while transferring
the file.


glob
Toggles filename expansion, or globbing, for mdelete, mget and
mput. If globbing is turned off, filenames are taken literally.

Globbing for mput is done as in csh(1). For mdelete and mget, each
remote file name is expanded separately on the remote machine,
and the lists are not merged.

Expansion of a directory name is likely to be radically different
from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the exact result
depends on the remote operating system and FTP server, and can
be previewed by doing `mls remote-files -'.

mget and mput are not meant to transfer entire directory subtrees
of files. You can do this by transferring a tar(1) archive of the
subtree (using a representation type of image as set by the binary
command).


hash
Toggles hash-sign (#) printing for each data block transferred.
The size of a data block is 1024 bytes.


help [ command ]
Prints an informative message about the meaning of the
command. If no argument is given, ftp prints a list of the known
commands.


lcd [ directory ]
Changes the working directory on the local machine. If no
directory is specified, the user's home directory is used.


ls [ remote-directory ] [ local-file ]
Prints an abbreviated listing of the contents of a directory on the
remote machine. If remote-directory is left unspecified, the
current working directory is used. If no local file is specified, or if
local-file is `-', the output is sent to the terminal.


lls
Works the same as the ls command except the local machine is
used.


mdir remote-files local-file
Like dir, except multiple remote files may be specified. If
interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that
the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mdir
output.


mget remote-files
Expands the remote-files on the remote machine and does a get for
each file name thus produced. See glob for details on the filename
expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according
to case, ntrans, and nmap settings. Files are transferred into the
local working directory, which can be changed with `lcd
directory'; new local directories can be created with `! mkdir
directory'.


mkdir directory-name
Makes a directory on the remote machine.


mls remote-files local-file
Like ls(1V), except multiple remote files may be specified. If
interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that
the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mls
output.


mode [ mode-name ]
Sets the transfer mode to mode-name. The only valid mode-name
is stream, which corresponds to the default stream mode.


more
Toggles the more mode status. When more mode is on, this
command breaks long directories into pages and prompts between
displaying them.


open host [ port ]
Establishes a connection to the specified host FTP server. An
optional port number may be supplied, in which case, ftp will
attempt to contact an FTP server at that port. If the auto-login option
is on (default), ftp will also attempt to automatically log the user in
to the FTP server (see below).


prompt
Toggles interactive prompting. Interactive prompting occurs
during multiple file transfers to allow the user to selectively
retrieve or store files. By default, prompting is turned on. If
prompting is turned off, any mget or mput will transfer all files,
and any mdelete will delete all files.


put local-file [ remote-file]
Stores a local file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left
unspecified, the local file name is used after processing according
to any ntrans or nmap settings in naming the remote file. File
transfer uses the current settings for representation type, file
structure, and transfer mode.


pwd
Prints the name of the current working directory on the remote
machine.


quit
Performs the same function as bye.


quote arg1 arg2 ...
Sends the arguments specified, verbatim, to the remote FTP
server. A single FTP reply code is expected in return.


recv remote-file [ local-file]
Performs the same function as get.


remotehelp [ command-name ]
Requests help from the remote FTP server. If a command-name is
specified it is supplied to the server as well.


rename from to
Renames the file "from" on the remote machine to "to."


rmdir directory-name
Deletes a directory on the remote machine.


send local-file [ remote-file ]
Performs the same function as put.


sendport
Toggles the use of PORT commands. By default, ftp will attempt to
use a PORT command when establishing a connection for each
data transfer. The use of PORT commands can prevent delays
when performing multiple file transfers. If the PORT command
fails, ftp will use the default data port. When the use of PORT
commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to use PORT
commands for each data transfer. This is useful when connected
to certain FTP implementations that ignore PORT commands but
incorrectly indicate they have been accepted.


slashflip
Toggles slashflipping command.


status
Shows the current status of ftp.


struct [ struct-name ]
Sets the file structure to struct-name. The only valid struct-name
is file, which corresponds to the default file structure.


type [ type-name ]
Sets the representation type to type-name. The valid type-names
are ascii for network ASCII, binary or image for image, and tenex
for local byte size with a byte size of 8 (used to talk to TENEX
machines). If no type is specified, the current type is printed. The
default type is network ASCII.


user user-name [ password ] [ account ]
Identifies yourself to the remote FTP server. If the password is not
specified and the server requires it, ftp will prompt the user for it
(after disabling local echo). If an account field is not specified,
and the FTP server requires it, the user will be prompted for it. If
an account field is specified, an account command will be relayed
to the remote server after the login sequence is completed if the
remote server did not require it for logging in. Unless ftp is
invoked with auto-login disabled, this process is done
automatically on initial connection to the FTP server.


verbose
Toggles verbose mode. In verbose mode, all responses from the
FTP server are displayed to the user. In addition, if verbose mode
is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics regarding the
efficiency of the transfer are reported. By default, verbose mode is
on if ftp's commands are coming from a terminal, and off
otherwise.


? [ command ]
Performs the same function as help.

Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted
with quote (") marks.

If any command argument which is not indicated as being
optional is not specified, ftp will prompt for that argument.


Aborting a File Transfer
To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key (usually
CTRL-C). Sending transfers will be immediately halted.
Receiving transfers will be halted by sending a ftp protocol ABOR
command to the remote server, and discarding any further data
received. The speed at which this is accomplished depends upon the
remote server's support for ABOR processing. If the remote server
does not support the ABOR command, an ftp> prompt will not
appear until the remote server has completed sending the requested
file.

The terminal interrupt key sequence will be ignored when ftp has
completed any local processing and is awaiting a reply from the
remote server. A long delay in this mode may result from the
ABOR processing described above, or from unexpected behavior by
the remote server, including violations of the ftp protocol. If the
delay results from unexpected remote server behavior, the local ftp
program must be killed by hand.


File Naming Conventions
Local files specified as arguments to ftp commands are processed
according to the following rules.

1.    If globbing is enabled, local file names are expanded according
to the rules used in the csh(1); see the glob command. If the ftp
command expects a single local file (for example, put), only the
first filename generated by the globbing operation is used.

2.    For mget commands and get commands with unspecified local
file names, the local filename is the remote filename, which
may be altered by a case, ntrans, or nmap setting. The resulting
filename may then be altered if runique is on.

3.    For mput commands and put commands with unspecified
remote file names, the remote filename is the local filename,
which may be altered by a ntrans or nmap setting. The
resulting filename may then be altered by the remote server if
sunique is on.


File Transfer Parameters
The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may
affect a file transfer.

The representation type may be one of network ASCII, EBCDIC,
image, or local byte size with a specified byte size (for PDP-10's
and PDP-20's mostly). The network ASCII and EBCDIC(rq types
have a further subtype which specifies whether vertical format
control (NEWLINE characters, form feeds, etc.) are to be passed
through (non-print), provided in TELNET format (TELNET
format controls), or provided in ASA (FORTRAN) (carriage
control (ASA)) format. ftp supports the network ASCII (subtype
non-print only) and image types, plus local byte size with a byte
size of 8 for communicating with TENEX machines.

The file structure may be one of file (no record structure), record,
or page. ftp supports only the default value, which is file.

The transfer mode may be one of stream, block, or compressed. ftp
supports only the default value, which is stream.


lpq

Name
lpq - display the queue of printer jobs.


Command Line
lpq [ -Pprinter ] [ -l ] [ + [ interval ] ] [ job# ... ] [ username ... ]


Description
lpq displays the contents of a printer queue. It reports the status of
jobs specified by job#, or all jobs owned by the user specified by
username. lpq reports on all jobs in the default printer queue when
invoked with no arguments.

For each print job in the queue, lpq reports the user's name, current
position, the names of input files comprising the job, the job
number (by which it is referred to when using lprm(1)) and the
total size in bytes. Normally, only as much information as will fit
on one line is displayed. Jobs are normally queued on a first-in-
first-out basis. Filenames comprising a job may be unavailable,
such as when lpr is used at the end of a pipeline; in such cases the
filename field indicates ``(standard input)''.

If lpq warns that there is no daemon present (that is, due to some
malfunction), the lpc(8) command can be used to restart a printer
daemon.


Options
-P printer
Displays information about the queue for the specified printer. In
the absence of the -P option, the queue to the printer specified by the
PRINTER variable in the environment is used. If the PRINTER
variable isn't set, the queue for the default printer is used.


-l
Displays queue information in long format; includes the name of
the host from which the job originated.


+[interval]
Displays the spool queue periodically until it empties. This option
clears the terminal screen before reporting on the queue. If an
interval is supplied, lpq sleeps that number of seconds in between
reports.


Diagnostics
Printer Is Ready and Printing
The lpq program checks to see if there is a printer daemon. If the
daemon is hung, the super-user can abort the current daemon and
start a new one using lpc(8). Under some circumstances, lpq
reports that a printer is ready and printing when the daemon is, in
 fact, hung.


Waiting for Printer to Become Ready (offline ?)
The daemon could not open the printer device. The printer may be
turned off-line. This message can also occur if a printer is out of
paper, the paper is jammed, and so on. Another possible cause is
that a process, such as an output filter, has exclusive use of the
device. The only recourse in this case is to kill the offending
process and restart the printer with lpc.


Waiting for Host to Come Up
A daemon is trying to connect to the remote machine named host,
in order to send the files in the local queue. If the remote machine
is up, lpd on the remote machine is probably dead or hung and
should be restarted using lpc.


Sending to Host
The files are being transferred to the remote host, or else the local
daemon has hung while trying to transfer the files.


Warning:  Printer Is Down
The printer has been marked as being unavailable with lpc.


Warning: No Daemon Present
The lpq process overseeing the spooling queue, as indicated in the
``lock'' file in that directory, does not exist. This normally occurs
only when the daemon has unexpectedly died. Check the printer's
error log for a diagnostic from the deceased process; you can
restart the printer daemon with lpc.


lpr

Name
lpr - send a job to the printer


Command Line
lpr [ -Pprinter ] [ -#copies ] [ -Cclass ] [ -Jjob ] [ -Ttitle ] [ -i
[ indent ] ] [ -1234font ] [ -wcols ] [ -B ] [ -r ] [ -m ] [ -h ] [ -s ]
[ -filter-option ] [ filename ... ]


Description
lpr forwards printer jobs to a spooling area for subsequent printing
as facilities become available. Each printer job consists of copies of
(or, with -s , symbolic links to) each filename you specify. The
spool area is managed by the line printer daemon, lpd(8). lpr reads
from the standard input if no files are specified.


Options
-Pprinter
Sends output to the named printer. Otherwise send output to the
printer named in the PRINTER environment variable, or to the
default printer, lp.


-#copies
Produces the number of copies indicated for each named file. For
example:

    example% lpr -#3 index.c lookup.c

produces three copies of index.c, followed by three copies of
lookup.c. On the other hand,

    example% cat index.c lookup.c | lpr

generates three copies of the concatenation of the files.


-Cclass
Prints class as the job classification on the burst page. For
example,

    example% lpr -C Operations new.index.c

replaces the system name (the name returned by hostname) with
``Operations'' on the burst page, and prints the file new.index.c.


-Jjob
Prints job as the job name on the burst page. Normally, lpr uses the
first file's name.


-T title
Uses title instead of the file name for the title used by pr(1V).


-i[indent]
Indents output indent spaces. Eight spaces is the default.

    -1 font
    -2 font
    -3 font
    -4 font

    Mounts the specified font on font position 1, 2, 3 or 4. The
daemon will construct a .railmag file in the spool directory that
indicates the mount by referencing /usr/lib/vfont/font.


-wcols
Uses cols as the page width for pr.


-r
Removes the file upon completion of spooling, or upon completion
of printing with the -s option.


-m
Sends mail upon completion.


-h
Suppresses printing the burst page.


-s
Creates a symbolic link from the spool area to the data files rather
than trying to copy them (so large files can be printed). This
means the data files should not be modified or removed until they
have been printed. In the absence of this option, files larger than 1
Megabyte in length are truncated. Note: the -s option only works on
the local host (files sent to remote printer hosts are copied anyway),
and only with named data files - it doesn't work if lpr is at the end
of a pipeline.


filter-option
The following single letter options notify the line printer spooler
that the files are not standard text files. The spooling daemon will
use the appropriate filters to print the data accordingly.


-p
Uses pr to format the files (lpr-p is very much like pr | lpr).


-l
Prints control characters and suppresses page breaks.


-t
The files contain troff(1) (cat phototypesetter) binary data.


-n
The files contain data from ditroff (device independent troff).


-d
The files contain data from tex (DVI format from Stanford).


-g
The files contain standard plot data as produced by the plot(3X)
routines (see also plot(1G) for the filters used by the printer
spooler).


-v
The files contain a raster image, see rasterfile (5).


-c
The files contain data produced by cifplot.


-f
Interprets the first character of each line as a standard FORTRAN
carriage control character. If no filter-option is given (and the
printer can interpret PostScript), the string `%!' as the first two
characters of a file indicates that it contains PostScript
commands.


Diagnostics
lpr: copy file is too large
A file is determined to be too ``large'' to print by copying into the
spool area. Use the -s option as defined above to make a symbolic
link to the file instead of copying it. A too-large file is
approximately 1 Megabyte. lpr truncates the file, and prints as
much of it as it can.


lpr: printer: unknown printer
The printer was not found in the printcap database. Usually this is
a typing mistake; however, it may indicate a missing or incorrect
entry in the /etc/printcap file.


lpr: printer: jobs queued, but cannot start daemon.
The connection to lpd on the local machine failed. This usually
means the printer server started at boot time has died or is hung.
Check the local socket /dev/printer to be sure it still exists (if it does
not exist, there is no lpd process running).


lpr: printer: printer queue is disabled
This means the queue was turned off with

    example% /usr/etc/lpc disable printer

to prevent lpr from putting files in the queue. This is normally
done by the system manager when a printer is going to be down for
a long time. The printer can be turned back on by a super-user with
lpc.

If a connection to lpd on the local machine cannot be made lpr will
say that the daemon cannot be started. Diagnostics may be printed
in the daemon's log file regarding missing spool files by lpd


lprm

Name
lprm - remove jobs from the printer queue


Command Line
lprm [ -Pprinter ] [ - ] [ job # ... ] [ username ... ]


Description
lprm removes a job or jobs from a printer's spooling queue. Since
the spool directory is protected from users, using lprm is normally
the only method by which a user can remove a job.

Without any arguments, lprm deletes the job that is currently
active, provided that the user who invoked lprm owns that job.

You can remove a specific job by supplying its job number as an
argument, which you can obtain using lpq(1). For example:

example% lpq -Phost
host is ready and printing
Rank Owner Job Files Total Size
active wendy 385 standard input 35501 bytes
example% lprm -Phost 385

lprm reports the names of any files it removes, and is silent if
there are no applicable jobs to remove.

lprm kills the active printer daemon, if necessary, before
removing spooled jobs; it restarts the daemon when through.


Options
-Pprinter
Specifies the queue associated with a specific printer. Otherwise the
value of the PRINTER variable in the environment is used. If this
variable is unset, the queue for the default printer is used.

Removes all jobs owned by you. If invoked by the super-user, all
jobs in the spool are removed. (Job ownership is determined by the
user's login name and host name on the machine where the lpr
command was invoked).


Diagnostics
lpr: printer: jobs queued, but cannot start daemon.
The connection to lpd on the local machine failed. This usually
means the printer server started at boot time has died or is hung. If
it is hung, the master lpd(8) daemon may have to be killed and a
new one started.


net14


Name
net14 is a utility that redirects serial output onto a TCP/IP network.


Command Line
net14 -h <filename> <program-name> [program options]


Full Description
net14 is a utility to allow programs which use interrupt 14h to output
serial information to output that information onto a TCP/IP
network. Thus, you could use this utility to re-direct the output from
MS-Kermit onto a TCP/IP network through an ethernet card, while
still retaining the MS-Kermit user interface.


Usage
The net14 program acts as a shell in which you can execute another
program. net14 first initializes the network and reads in the
config.tel file, then transfers control to the program specified on
the command line. For example, the following line starts net14,
specifies a location for the config.tel file, and fires up MS-Kermit:

net14 -h c:\ncsa\config.tel kermit

To pass parameters to the program which net14 transfers control to,
place them after the filename of the program.


Options
-h <filename>
Specifies the location of the config.tel file to read in the network
options.


<program-name>
The program which net14 executes after initializing the network.
net14 searches for the program in the path specified in the MS-DOS
PATH environment variable.


[program options]
This program passes options to the program which net14 executes.


rsh


Name
rsh - remote shell


Command Line
rsh [ -l username ] [ -n ] hostname command

rsh hostname [ -l username ] [ -n ] command

hostname [ -l username ] [ -n ] command


Description
rsh connects to the specified hostname and executes the specified
command. rsh copies its standard input to the remote command,
the standard output of the remote command to its  standard output,
and the standard error of the remote command to its standard
error. Interrupt, quit and terminate signals are propagated to the
remote command; rsh normally terminates when the remote
command does.

If you omit the command, instead of executing a single command,
rsh logs you in on the remote host using rlogin(1C). Shell
metacharacters which are not quoted are interpreted on the local
machine, while quoted metacharacters are interpreted on the
remote machine.

Hostnames are given in the hosts database, which may be
contained  in the /etc/hosts file, the Yellow Pages hosts database,
the Internet domain name database, or some combination of the
three. Each host has one official name (the first name in the
database entry) and optionally one or more nicknames. Official
hostnames or nicknames may be given as hostname.

If the name of the file from which rsh is executed is anything other
than ``rsh,'' rsh takes this name as its hostname argument. This
allows you to create a symbolic link to rsh in the name of a host
which, when executed, will invoke a remote shell on that host. The
/usr/hosts directory is provided to be populated with symbolic links
in the names of commonly used hosts. By  including /usr/hosts in
your shell's search path, you can run rsh by typing hostname to
your shell.

Each remote machine may have a file named /etc/hosts.equiv that
contains a list of trusted hostnames with which it shares
usernames. Anyone with identical usernames on the local and
remote machines may rsh from the machines listed in the remote
machine's /etc/hosts file. Each user can set up a similar private
equivalence list using the file .rhosts in their home directories.
Each line in this file contains (at least) a hostname, a separating
space, and a username. The entry permits the user named
username who is logged into hostname to use rsh to access the
remote machine as the remote user. If the name of the local host is
not found in the /etc/hosts.equiv file on the remote machine, and
the local username and hostname are not found in the remote
user's .rhosts file, then the access is denied. The hostnames listed
in the /etc/hosts.equiv and .rhosts files must be the official
hostnames listed in the hosts database. You cannot use nicknames
in either of these files. Unless the command argument is omitted,
rsh will not prompt you for a password if the remote machine
denies you access.


Options
-l  username
Uses the username as the remote username instead of your local
username. Without this option, the remote username and your
local username are identical.


-n
Redirects the input of rsh to /dev/null. Occasionally, you must use
this option to avoid unfortunate interactions between rsh and the
shell which invokes it. For example, if you are running rsh and
invoke a rsh in the background without redirecting its input away
from the terminal, it will block even if the remote command
doesn't post any reads. The -n option prevents this situation.

Your entry in the file /etc/passwd on the remote system determines
the type of remote shell (sh, rsh, or other) your local system will
use.


setclock


Name
setclock sets the local clock to one on a network server.


Command Line
setclock -h <filename> hostname


Description
The utility, setclock, sets the PC's local clock from the network's
clock server.


Options
-h <filename>
Gives the location and the name of the config.tel file.


hostname
Gives the name of the host from which you'll get the time.