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- ==========================================================================
-
- REVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUPER-MEMO
- METHOD AND SOFTWARE
-
- SuperMemo World, June 1, 1991
-
- ==========================================================================
-
- CALENDAR OF MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS
-
- 1982 - Application of the recall principle
- 1984 - Application of the minimum information principle
- 1985 - Application of the optimum intervalization
- 1987 - First computer implementation: SM1
- Introducing the concept of the e-factor
- 1988 - SM2 and SM3
- 1989 - SM4 - optimization based on the matrix of optimal interval
- SM5 - optimization based on the matrix of optimal factor
- 1991 - SM6 - optimization based on approximation of forgetting curves
-
- ==========================================================================
-
- SUPER-MEMO SOFTWARE
-
- VERSION 1.0 - Written in December 1987
-
- CHANGES INTRODUCED TO VERSION 1.1 (Feb 88)
-
- 1. A comprehensive help file was added.
- 2. E-factors may not decrease below 1.3.
- 3. An improved formula for e-factor evaluation was introduced.
- 4. The OUTSTANDING value in the PROCESS INFORMATION was
- used to indicate, how many items is to be repeated while
- repeating items with answer quality lower than four.
-
- CHANGES TO VERSION 1.2 (Mar 88)
-
- 1. The TRANSFRM.COM (later .EXE) program was introduced.
- It converts any database into the intact, unused form.
- Thus one may use a database previously applied by
- somebody else.
- 2. Newly memorized items must give the answer quality not less
- than four otherwise they will be repeated until success.
- 3. If a factor for an item is equal to 1.3 then the quality
- lower than five decreases the new interval (without changing
- the factor). This solution was later given up.
- 4. When using the PRIORITY QUEUE option, Home increases
- the current queue position to make modifications easier.
- The PRIORITY QUEUE option was later dropped.
-
- ========================================================================
-
- VERSION 2.0 (Jul 88)
-
- 1. The program was upgraded for Turbo Pascal 4.0 (previously TP 3.0).
- 2. The ITEM EDITOR was improved (commands such as End, Home, Ctrl-Y
- etc. were added).
- 3. Dates rather than day_numbers are used to inform a user
- about the process.
- 4. Screen attributes were changed to make some options more
- readable for Hercules Graphic Card users.
-
- CHANGES TO VERSION 2.1 (Jul 88)
-
- 1. The whole MENU structure was rebuilt and simplified.
- 2. Less important options were removed with shortening the source
- file by 6300 bytes.
- 3. Letters instead of numbers were introduced to select options.
- 4. SOUND OFF option was added.
-
- CHANGES TO VERSION 2.2 (Nov 88)
-
- 1. Help was corrected and compiled as a separate file.
-
- CHANGES TO VERSION 2.3 (Jan 89)
-
- 1. New, shorter and more effective COMPRESS procedure was
- written.
- 2. Option presenting the addresses of the author and distributors
- was added.
-
- CHANGES TO VERSION 2.4 (Sep 89)
-
- 1. A new, easy-to-use help of a new format was prepared.
-
- CHANGES TO VERSION 2.s (Jun 91)
-
- 1. Program was adapted for shareware distribution
- 2. Information about the SuperMemo World was added
- 3. The system of messages was simplified and corrected
- 4. The help file was shortened and corrected
-
- ==========================================================================
-
- VERSION 3.0 (Oct 88)
-
- 1. The whole program was written again from scratch
- applying the then popular standards of windows, push-down
- menus and other elements of user-friendly interface.
- 2. Databases can have their separate names.
- 3. Edition of items is possible during testing.
- 4. Random testing calculates avarage quality (this option
- was later given up).
- 5. Average burden change for a session is calculated.
- 6. Average quality for a session is calculated.
- 7. Date can be changed from within the program.
- 8. Temporary exit to DOS is possible (OS shell).
- 9. Priority queue option was not included.
-
- ===========================================================================
-
- VERSION 4.0 (Feb 89)
-
- 1. The optimization method was substantially improved.
- Not only e-factors are approximated, but also the
- function evalauating optimal intervals is modified on the
- base of experience to adjust to a given type of knowledge
- and user capabilities.
- 2. Optimal intervals (modified during process) can be displayed.
- 3. Statistical support for optimal intervals can be displayed.
- 4. Interval distribution can be displayed.
- 5. General burden defined as a sum of inverse intervals is
- calculated.
-
- CHANGES TO VERSION 4.1 (Mar 89)
-
- 1. Procedure searching for items containing a given substring is
- now written in assembly language and the search rushes 1000
- items per second (on a RAM-disk or hard disk).
-
- CHANGES TO VERSION 4.2 (Mar 89)
-
- 1. Continuous optimization was introduced. In versions 4.0 and 4.1
- all items having factors from the same class (e.g. 1.4, 1.432,
- 1.499) were subject to the same optimization procedure. Now,
- each of them has its own set of optimal intervals.
-
- CHANGES TO VERSION 4.3 (Sep 89)
-
- 1. A new extensive help was written.
- 2. Directory system was extended to include separate paths for
- databases, parameters, help and COMMAND.COM.
- 3. The source code was optimized to make the program smaller,
- faster and easier to modify.
-
- =========================================================================
-
- VERSION 5.0 (Oct 89)
-
- 1. A new, advanced optimization technique was applied, based
- on calculation of optimal factors rather than optimal intervals.
- 2. Optimal factors can be displayed.
- 3. Optimal intervals can be approximated and displayed.
- 4. Information about the last repetition date for items is stored
- in the database as well as the last used interval factor.
-
- CHANGES TO VERSION 5.1 (Mar 90)
-
- 1. Option for printing items in the browsing mode was added.
- 2. Few recovery mechanisms were implemented in the compression
- procedure, allowing to correct minor database damages.
-
- CHANGES TO VERSION 5.2 (Mar 90)
-
- 1. Optimal factors can be greater than 6.
- 2. New function for modifying factors on the base of quality
- was constructed (consistent with that which modifies optimal
- factors). Thus quality equal to four does not change the
- factor.
- 3. Closing the database before going to DOS is automatic.
-
- CHANGES TO VERSION 5.3 (Mar 90)
-
- 1. The reset operation was added in the browsing mode.
- 2. The date of the next repetition is displayed in the
- item window.
- 3. The Select option from the Miscellaneous menu selects
- the last item used rather than the item of the requested
- number.
- 4. Inputing qualities in the random test is no longer
- necessary.
-
- CHANGES TO VERSION 5.4 (Jul 90)
-
- 1. Full propagation of changes in the OF matrix was
- implemented to speed up the optimization procedure.
- 2. Qualities 0, 1 and 2 were assumed to have the same
- impact on the optimization.
-
- CHANGES TO VERSION 5.5 (Jul 91)
-
- 1. Improved procedures for window management, string
- editing, item editing etc.
- 2. Increased database fault tolerance
- 3. Introducing mechanisms for preventing piracy (e.g.
- passwords, database marking, registration number etc.)
-
- =======================================================================
-
- VERSION 6.0 (May 91)
-
- 1. The whole program was written anew from scratch.
- 2. New optimization technique was applied that is based
- on sketching forgetting curves for particular
- difficulty categories and reptition numbers. The
- whole history of repetitions is stored in the database.
- 3. Programmable forgetting index.
- 4. Simplified structure of the database was introduced
- (4 instead of 6 files) with the INF file stored in the
- compressed form (reducing the size by 80%)
- 5. Fast daily burden with the posssibility of editing
- items scheduled for a given day.
- 6. Monthly and annual burden.
- 7. New process parameters:
- - Average repetition, lapses, interval, factor
- - Requested and measured forgetting index
- - Retention approximation
- - Mean repetition time
- - Workload
- 8. Fast option reaching with Alt.
- 9. Simplified and economized menu structure.
- 10. Smoothing of the matrix of optimal intervals by means
- of hill-climbing approximation.
- 11. Random-hit, real-time smoothing scheme.
- 12. Extended fault tolerance mechanisms.
- 13. Protection against using unclosed databases.
- 14. Extending the Editor by such commands as Paste, Cut, Delete
- Word, Delete-EOL, Copy Block, Move Block, Delete Block,
- Word Right/Left, Replace String, Swap Lines etc.
- 15. The Find option extended by Replace.
- 16. New file selection option with separate panes for changing
- the drive, path and template.
- 17. Option Copy Item added in Browsing Mode.
- 18. The file storing items to be repeated again on a given day
- is not deleted upon the closure of the database (unless
- empty).
- 19. New, context-sensitive help
- 20. UK/US date format as a parameter
- 21. Option for editing directory paths
- 22. Option for turning the color on and off
- 23. Single stage compression. No regular garbage-collection
- required
- 24. Extension of Optimal factor and Optimal interval option
- for factors higher than 2.5.
- 25. Separate option for closing databases.
- 26. Mechanisms for preventing piracy (e.g. passwords, database
- marking, registration number etc.)
-
- =========================================================================
-
- SUPER-MEMO WORLD
- Os Przyjazni 15-165
- 61-688 Poznan
- POLAND
- tel (48) 61 203157