home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 1
-
- HOW MAGIC GRADEBOOK MANAGER COMPUTES GRADES
- Adapted for versions since Version 2.1
-
-
- LETTER GRADE RANGES
-
- The preset Letter Grade Ranges used by Magic Gradebook Manager are:
-
- A greater than or equal to 3.5
- B greater than or equal to 2.5 but less than 3.5
- C greater than or equal to 1.5 but less than 2.5
- D greater than or equal to 0.5 but less then 1.5
- F less than 0.5
-
- If the Plus/Minus Option is ON, the upper two tenths of each range above
- is assigned a PLUS and the lower two tenths of each range above is
- assigned a MINUS, except the F range. The ranges then look like this:
-
- A+ greater than or equal to 4.3
- A greater than or equal to 3.7 but less then 4.3
- A- greater than or equal to 3.5 but less than 3.7
- B+ greater than or equal to 3.3 but less then 3.5
- B greater than or equal to 2.7 but less than 3.3
- B- greater than or equal to 2.5 but less then 2.7
- C+ greater than or equal to 2.3 but less then 2.5
- C greater than or equal to 1.7 but less than 2.3
- C- greater than or equal to 1.5 but less then 1.7
- D+ greater than or equal to 1.3 but less then 1.5
- D greater than or equal to 0.7 but less than 1.3
- D- greater than or equal to 0.5 but less then 0.7
- F+ greater than or equal to 0.3 but less than 0.5
- F less than 0.3
-
- These preset Letter Grade Ranges can be adjusted in version 1.3 or higher.
-
- LETTER GRADE ASSIGNMENT VALUES
-
- Whenever a Letter Grade is assigned a numerical value, the middle
- value that letter grade's range is used for the assignment value.
- Mathematically speaking, this is the midpoint of the upper and lower
- bounds of each range. Exceptions are assignments values for: A+, which
- is 0.1 more than the minimum range value for A+; A (when the Plus/Minus
- Option is OFF), which is set equal to the minimum range value for A,
- but not less than 4.0; and F, which is always 0.0 (zero). A LETTER GRADE
- of zero (as opposed to zero points or zero percent) is assigned the
- value -1. The assignments are then as follows:
-
- A 4.0
- B 3.0
- C 2.0
- D 1.0
- F 0.0
- 0 -1.0
-
- Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 2
-
- If the Plus/Minus Option is ON, the assignment values to the middle
- value of each letter grade's range look like this:
-
- A+ 4.4
- A 4.0
- A- 3.6
- B+ 3.4
- B 3.0
- B- 2.6
- C+ 2.4
- C 2.0
- C- 1.6
- D+ 1.4
- D 1.0
- D- 0.6
- F+ 0.4
- F 0.0
- 0 -1.0
-
- How Letter Grades are Averaged
-
- When Magic Gradebook Manager averages letter grades, each letter grade
- is assigned a value according to the above assignments and the grades
- are then averaged. Any grade assigned an asterisk (*) is ignored and
- not counted. The resulting numerical average is then checked against
- the Letter Grade Ranges listed above, and the letter grade for the
- RANGE is assigned to the average. The procedure thus far is used both
- for averaging grades of activities using letter grades and for
- averaging the letter grades of all activities in order to compute the
- final nine weeks grade.
-
- It is important to understand what Magic Gradebook Manager does with
- the numerical average and resulting letter grade of each activity in
- order to compute the nine weeks grade of the student, as the actual
- computed numerical average of the activity is NOT NECESSARILY used to
- the compute the final grade. The reason for this is that to do so
- would allow the rare possibility that two students having the same
- letter grades as activity averages might end up with different final
- grades.
-
- Instead, Magic Gradebook Manager computes the numerical average,
- assigns a letter grade based on the Letter Grade Ranges, and then
- RESETS the numerical average to the Letter Grade Assignment Value of
- the resulting letter grade. This new numerical average is then used
- to compute the final grade.
-
- Beginning with Version 2.1, letter grade nine weeks averages are stripped
- of any plus or minus just before the Letter Grade Assignment Value is
- assigned. This stripping of pluses and minuses can be overridden by
- selecting Gradepoint Method/± when compiling grade averages.
-
- Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 3
-
- If no assignments have been entered for a particular activity, the
- letter grade is displayed as an asterisk (*) for each student and that
- activity is omitted from the computation of the final grade.
- If a student has all excused grades (*) entered under the activity
- (which might occur for a student new to the class a day or so before
- the end of a marking period), that student's letter grade for the
- activity is assigned an asterisk (*) to indicate that the entire
- activity is excused, and that activity is omitted from the computation
- of the final grade for the student. This is true for computation of
- activity averages for PERCENTS and POINTS also.
-
- For a demonstration of just how this works, see the Sample Grade
- Computation at the end of this section of documentation.
-
-
- How Percents are Averaged
-
- When an activity is assigned PERCENTS as a grading method, Magic
- Gradebook Manager averages the numerical values entered into the
- gradebook, ignoring any asterisks (*) and assigning all blanks to the
- value zero. The resulting average percent for the activity is checked
- against the ranges set by the teacher using the Grading Scale Option
- on the Edit Menu and a letter grade is assigned to the activity.
- When computing the final grade, the Letter Grade Assignment Value of
- the resulting letter grade is used. This is called the "Gradepoint
- Method".
-
- Beginning with Version 2.1, you can choose the "Percent Method" of grade
- compilation if you are using PERCENTS for all activities for the
- semester including the Final Exam. The Percent Method maintains the
- percent average's integrity throughout compilation right down to the
- final semester grade. Each letter grade is simply based on the percent
- average displayed next to it. This results in significantly different
- results for nine weeks averages and the semester grade. The option is
- provided because some school systems require this method.
-
-
- How Points are Averaged
-
- When an activity is assign POINTS as a grading method, Magic Gradebook
- Manager adds up all the points accumulated by the student, as entered
- into the gradebook by the teacher. Any asterisks (*) are ignored and
- blanks are assigned a zero. The student's total points is then
- converted to a percentage using the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS and the
- percentage is converted to a letter grade and Letter Grade Assignment
- Value as described above under How Percents are Averaged.
-
- Note that if a student has scores of asterisk (*) on certain days
- indicating that assignments for those days were excused, his/her total
- points will be converted to a percentage using the MAXIMUM TOTAL
- POINTS MINUS THE MAXIMUM SCORE FOUND FOR THOSE DAYS.
-
- Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 4
-
- However, the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS may be changed by the teacher at the
- time grade averages are compiled by pressing C from the Report Menu.
-
- Here is how Magic Gradebook Manager computes the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS
- for an activity using POINTS:
-
- In each column, each student's point score is inspected and the
- largest point score for the column is used as the maximum points
- for that column. The total of the maximum points for each column
- under each date is used as the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS.
-
- If a teacher wishes, a fictitious student's name may be entered and
- that name could be assigned the maximum points for each assignment.
- This way, the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS would represent a true maximum
- even if no actual student made a perfect score on a certain
- assignment. "A MAX" is suggested in one of the program Help
- Windows because it would most likely come first alphabetically.
- To place the fictitious at the end of the class list, one might use
- "ZZ MAX POINTS". Be sure to press Alt W to mark this fictitious student
- as having withdrawn--thus omitting those grades from class averages.
-
- When C is pressed to Compile Grade Averages from the Report Menu,
- the Grade Averaging Window appears briefly. If Magic Gradebook
- Manager finds an activity using POINTS, the compilation will pause,
- and the teacher will hear a beep, see the name of the activity
- and the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS found as described above, and see the
- message: "Enter new value, or press Esc to use XX:" (where XX is
- the value found). If the teacher desires, a new value may be used
- instead of the one displayed. This feature is provided because, in
- consultation with a number of other teachers, some teachers
- expressed the desire to be able to change the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS
- in order to "curve" the grades. If the displayed value is okay,
- simply press Esc at this point. The compilation process will
- continue and as soon as it is completed in a few seconds, the
- Grade Averaging Window will disappear.
-
-
- How the Nine Weeks Grade is Computed
-
- Each activity has a Percentage of Grade that is entered by the teacher
- from the Activity Setup Window. Magic Gradebook Manager will insure that
- the total Percentages of Grade for each nine weeks equals 100 percent.
-
- When Magic Gradebook Manager computes the final grade, each Letter
- Grade Assignment Value for each activity is multiplied by the
- corresponding Percentage of Grade. The sum of these products is then
- divided by 100. A Final Letter Grade is then assigned based on the
- Letter Grade Ranges.
-
- Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 5
-
- If one or more activities have a letter grade average of asterisk (*)
- indicating all excused grades, no product is computed or added for the
- activity, and the numerical average is computed, not by dividing by
- 100, but rather by 100 less the Percentage or Percentages of Grade of
- the one or more activities. In this way, the final letter grade
- represents an average of only those activities that the student was
- responsible for.
-
- If all activities have a letter grade average of asterisk (*), the
- final grade is also assigned an asterisk.
-
- If all of this seems a little complicated, you should have tried
- writing the code for the computer program!
-
-
- Sample Grade Computation
-
- Let's take a fictitious student named Jim Forbes and compute his final
- grade. Here are his grades:
-
- Activity TESTS uses PERCENTS, Percentage of Grade = 50%
-
- 90, 85, *, 74, 78, 83
-
- Activity QUIZES uses POINTS, Percentage of Grade = 20%
-
- 8, 7, 9, 7, 8, 8, 7, 9, 8, 9, *, *, 7, 10, 8, 8, 9, 9, blank, 10
-
- Activity HOMEWORK uses LETTERS/±, Percentage of Grade = 20%
-
- B, B, A, C+, blank, D, *, B, A-, B-, B+, *, C-, B, B, C+, A+
-
- Activity NOTEBOOK uses LETTERS/±, Percentage of Grade = 10%
-
- A-, A-, B+, C
-
- The average of activity TESTS using PERCENTS is computed as follows:
-
- 90 + 85 + 74 + 78 + 83 = 410
-
- The sum is divided by 5, not 6, because one test was excused.
-
- 410 ÷ 6 = 82.0 to the nearest tenth of a percent.
-
- According to the Grading Scale, 82.0 is B-, which has a Letter Grade
- Assignment Value of 2.6.
-
-
-
- Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 6
-
- The average of activity QUIZES using POINTS is computed as follows:
-
- 8 + 7 + 9 + 7 + 8 + 8 + 7 + 9 +
- 8 + 9 + 7 + 10 + 8 + 8 + 9 + 9 + 0 + 10 = 141
-
- Note that the blank is counted as zero and the asterisks are not
- counted at all.
-
- For ease of computation in this example, let's assume that the
- maximum points for each day was 10, although they could easily be
- varying values. Then the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS for the activity will
- be 10 times 20 assignments, which is 200. If the teacher does not
- change this value, 200 will be used. Since Jim was excused on 2 of
- those days, his adjusted maximum total points is 180.
-
- His points, converted to a percentage is 140 ÷ 180 which is 77.8% to
- the nearest tenth of a percent. According to the Grading Scale,
- 77.8 is a C, which has a Letter Grade Assignment Value of 2.0.
-
- The average of activity HOMEWORK using LETTERS/± is computed as
- follows:
-
- The letters are assigned their Letter Grade Assignment Values and
- these values are averaged ...
-
- Grade: B B A C+ blank D, * B, A- B- B+
- Value: 3.0 3.0 4.0 2.4 0.0 1.0 - 3.0 3.6 2.6 3.4
-
- Grade: * C- B B C+ A+
- Value: - 1.6 3.0 3.0 2.4 4.4
-
- The sum of the values is 40.4. Although there are 17 letter grades,
- 2 are excused, so we divide by 15.
-
- 40.4 ÷ 15 = 2.6933, the letter grade numerical average.
-
- According to the Letter Grade Ranges, 2.6933 is a B-.
-
- The letter grade numerical average is changed to the Letter Grade
- Assignment Value of B-, which is 2.6.
-
-
- Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 7
-
- The average of activity NOTEBOOK using LETTERS/± is computed as
- follows:
-
- The letters are assigned their Letter Grade Assignment Values and
- these values are averaged ...
-
- Grades: A- A- B+ C
- Values: 3.6 3.6 3.4 2.0
-
- The sum of the 4 values is 3.15.
-
- Their average is 12.6 ÷ 4, which is 3.15, the letter grade numerical
- average.
-
- According to the Letter Grade Ranges, 3.15 is a B.
-
- The letter grade numerical average is changed to the Letter Grade
- Assignment Value of B, which is 3.0.
-
- Once all four activities are averaged, their Letter Grade Assignment
- Values are totaled and divided by 4, the number of activities...
-
- Activity Numerical Average Percentage of Grade
-
- TESTS 2.6 50%
- QUIZES 2.0 20%
- HOMEWORK 2.6 20%
- NOTEBOOK 3.0 10%
-
- Each Numerical Average is multiplied by its Percentage of Grade and
- the products are totaled to get the final numerical average...
-
- (2.6 x 0.50) + (2.0 x 0.20) + (2.6 x 0.20) + (3.0 + 0.10) = 2.52
-
-
- According to the Letter Grade Ranges, 2.52 is a B-.
-
- So Jim Forbes' Final Grade is a B-.
-
-
- Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 8
-
- Version 2.1 ADDENDUM
-
- Computation of Semester Grades
-