ProfitPress Mega CDROM2 Shareware Freeware (MSDOS)(1992)(Eng)

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ ProfitPress Mega CDROM2 …eeware (MSDOS)(1992)(Eng) / ProfitPress-MegaCDROM2.B6I / GRAPHICS / MISC / GRAPH322.ZIP / GRAPH.DOC < prev next >

Wrap

Text File | 1990-08-04 | 25.3 KB | 664 lines

NAME graph - plot a tabulated function SYNOPSIS graph [file file file] [options] DESCRIPTION Graph takes pairs of points (two numbers per line) from the given file as x- and y- values and plots them on the screen, connected by straight lines. A string surrounded by quotes "..." may follow a pair of points. This string is a "point label", and will be displayed starting at that point. The program draws axes with convenient labels (integers times powers of 1000), plots the data, waits for a keypress, then resets the screen parameters and clears the screen before exiting. If no file is specified on the command line, data is read from the standard input, which may be redirected. If data is entered from the keyboard, end of data is signaled by typing <cntl>Z. In the data, blank lines and lines beginning with ';' are ignored. More than one input file can be specified. All the data will be read before scaling parameters are calculated. The plot will be "broken" at the end of each file. That is, there will be no line connecting the last point of the first file with the first point of the second file. Similarly, if a line starts with a null byte (that is, if a line feed is followed by a null) the plot will be broken. Separate curves may also be delimited with a point label on the same line as the last point on the curve, or by a null byte immediately following the last point (see the -b switch). The -m switch can be used to select the line style or marker style for each curve. If both markers and connecting lines are wanted, list the data file twice and specify different styles. For example, graph gamma gamma -m 1 -30 would give red squares connected by white solid lines on an EGA. Graph should no longer leave the display in a nonstandard mode. If it does, please let me know. In the mean time, the display can be restored using the DOS command MODE: mode co80 or mode mono as appropriate. OPTIONS Options can appear before, among, or after input file names provided a file name cannot be mistaken for the parameter of an option. &<name> (hard copy versions only) Device driver switches are in the configuration file <name>. See "DEVICE DRIVER CONFIGURATION FILES" below. @<name> or -f <name> More parameters (filenames and/or switches) are in the script file <name>. This can be used for lists of parameters that are too long for a command line, or merely to save retyping lists of parameters. The parameters in the script file have the same format as those on the command line, but may be separated by linefeeds as well as spaces or tabs. More than one script file switch may appear on the command line, and script files may refer to other script files to any depth. All the script files will be read. For example, if the file "curves" contains the line parabola elipse circle and the file "options" contains the lines -g -e -m 20 30 40 then the command A>graph @curves @options is equivalent to A>graph parabola elipse circle -g -e -m 20 30 40 In a script file, a semicolon introduces a comment that extends to the end of the line. -a [<step> [<start>]] Automatically generate abscissas. The first argument, if present, is the step between values (default 1). The second argument, if present, is the starting value (default 0, or first argument from -x switch). -b break (disconnect) the plot after each label. (See switch -m to plot the line segments with different linestyles. To break the plot without printing labels, use empty labels: "".) This option is set automatically if more than one input file or more than one linestyle is specified. -c <text> argument is default label for data points -e equal vertical and horizontal scales (same number of inches on the display per unit in problem space), so that circles don't look like elipses -f <name> See @<name>. -g -g with no arguments eliminates the axes. -g <style> <tics> <width> First argument is grid style: 0 = no grid and no numeric labels, 1 = frame with tic marks inside (default), -1 = frame with tic marks outside the graph area, 2 = full grid 3 = bottom and left axes only -3 = bottom and left axes, tic marks on outside. 4 = bottom and left axes only, separated from plot -4 = bottom and left axes, separated from plot, tic marks on outside. Second argument is approximate number of small tic marks per numeric label (1 to 10, default 5). Set <tics> to 1 to eliminate small tic marks. Third argument is width of grid lines (default 1). -l <text> next argument is label for graph (printed at top). If the label starts with a double quote it may contain spaces: -l "three cornered hat" -m <n1> <n2> <n3>... numeric arguments are linestyles for successive line segments (see switch -b). Each positive argument is a number of up to three hex digits WCS, where W is the linewidth (0-9, with 0 giving width 1), C is the color (0-f, with 0 being brightest), and S is linestyle (1-5, 1 for solid, 2 for dashed, 3 for dotted, etc.) If an argument is -1, the data points are plotted as dots not connected by lines. In general, a negative argument -CS generates a marker: C is the color (0-f, with 0 being brightest), and S is the marker style (0-9 for box, dot, plus, asterisk, hexagon, cross, box, diamond, triangle with point down, triangle with point up) The special style FF causes a curve not to be displayed at all. An argument can also include a repeat count, as in 3*45 or 4*-205. The -m switch will use as many of the following parameters as appear to be hex numbers, either negative or positive, noteably including the switches -a through -f. This misinterpretation may be avoided by putting the -m switch and its arguments last in the command line. -n Omit numeric labels on axes. This uses more of the screen for the graph, therefore effectively increases resolution slightly. It may also be used when you want to make a hard copy and label it with a typewriter. To eliminate both grid and labels, but keep the plot scaling the same as if labels were printed, use "-g" alone. For plotter versions, this can be used to add more curves to an existing graph. -t Transpose x and y values before plotting (-x now refers to vertical axis). -x[l] [min [max [junk]]] If l is present, x axis is logrithmic. First argument, if present, is lower x limit. Second argument, if present, is upper x limit. A third numeric argument may be present but will be ignored. By default, these values are determined automatically. -y[l] [min [max [junk]]] Similarly for y axis -y[l]m [min [max [junk]]] -ya[p] [min [max [junk]]] -yp[p] [min [max [junk]]] Any of these signal that each line of the input contains the real and imaginary parts of a complex number (after the abscissa, unless -a is also used). An 'm' requests that the magnitude of the number (square root of sum of squares of real and imaginary parts) be plotted. 'p' or 'a' requests the phase (atan(imaginary part/real part), also known as the argument) be plotted. The signs of both parts are taken into account, so the phase ranges from -pi to +pi. If both real and imaginary parts are zero, the phase is arbitrarily assumed to be zero. An additional 'p' requests that the phase be divided by pi before plotting. -h <n> argument is the fraction of the vertical space to be used for the graph. -u <n> argument is the fraction of the vertical space to move up before plotting. -w <n> argument is the fraction of the horizontal space to be used for the graph (useful if screen dump routine doesn't dump the entire width of the screen). -r <n> argument is the fraction of the horizontal space to move right before plotting. INTERACTIVE USE Several attempts are sometimes required to get the display options set correctly. There are two ways to simplify this process. The first is to use the command line edit facilities provided by DOS. To add an option: return to DOS, type F3 to redisplay the previous command, add the option, and type <return>. You can use also use this procedure to invoke a hardcopy version of GRAPH with the same options. A more powerful command line editor like CED makes this procedure easier. The disadvantage is that both GRAPH and the data must be read in each time, which can be slow. In display versions of GRAPH, the user may also adjust display options interactively via a series of pop-up menus. To display the top level menu, type a slash '/'. The highlighted option may be selected by typing <return> (sometimes labeled <enter>). Any options may be selected by typing the initial letter. >> The following mouse functions may be expected in a future >> version. In the mean time, all menu functions can be >> selected via the keyboard. If a mouse or other pointing device and a Microsoft-equivalent driver (MOUSE.COM or MOUSE.SYS) are installed, the mouse may also be used to adjust parameters. Mouse commands are of three kinds. "Pressing" a mouse button has an effect which doesn't depend on the location of the cursor. "Clicking" means to point with the cursor and press the left mouse button quickly. "Dragging" means to point one place with the cursor, press the left button, and hold it down while moving the cursor to another place. Pressing the left mouse button will pop up the top level menu and make the mouse cursor visible. On a two- or three-button mouse, pressing the right button is equivalent to pressing <esc> on the keyboard. This will clear the most recent menu or, if there is no menu, terminate the program. When the top level menu is cleared, the data are redisplayed using the new settings. (You may envision the left button sending you further "in", and the right button backing you "out".) When the menu is visible, an item may be selected by clicking on it. The cursor may be used to adjust the portion of the user's data space being displayed (the "window") in four ways. The X and Y menu items can be used to set limits explicitly. To zoom in, drag from one corner of the desired display area to the opposite corner. The "zoom" menu item zooms out - enlarges the window in all directions. To enlarge the area being displayed in only one direction, drag from somewhere near the center of the display area toward that edge of the display. For the first method, you must explicitly request a redisplay. For the other methods, the redisplay is automatic. To save the current options for a future plot (in particular, for a hard copy), use the Output command under File. For example, if you display some data by starting with the command C>graph stuff -m 50 60 70 and use the menubars to set additional options, you can get a hardcopy by entering / F O <return> Q followed by the DOS command C>graph stuff -f f Note that these commands use default format output file name, 'f'. VERSIONS Graph is available in several versions for different hardware. When necessary for configuration control, these versions are given different file names (see FILES section below). It is suggested that the "normal" version for a given computer be renamed GRAPH for simplicity. Two measures are taken to ensure no damage is done by inadvertently executing the wrong version. First, any version of graph can be executed with a question mark as the only parameter: GRAPH ? It will then print a help screen which indicates the hardware it supports, and exit immediately without accessing any machine-specific hardware. Second, graph tests that the hardware it needs is present before using it (except for the plotter and laser printer versions). For the display version of GRAPH, you will need a device driver in the form of a .BGI (for Borland Graphics Interface) appropriate for your hardware. If you have one of the following standard graphics cards, you can use one of those supplied by Borland: CGA MCGA EGA ATT400 VGA PC3270 IBM8514 Hercules mono If so, you need only put the .BGI file where GRAPH can find it. GRAPH will look in the directories listed in the environment variable BGIPATH if it is set, otherwise it will look in the directories indicated by PATH. For example: C>set bgipath=C:\MY\BGIFILES;C:\TC\BGI C>graph mydata If you put both GRAPH.EXE and the required .BGI file into one of the directories in your PATH, you will not need to add anything to your environment. If you want to select a particular graphics mode, you may set the environment variable GRAPHMODE to one of the numeric constants of "graphics_modes" enumeration type as defined by Borland. The constants are as follows: mode value ------------------ ----- CGA 320*200 C0 0 CGA 320*200 C1 1 CGA 320*200 C2 2 CGA 320*200 C3 3 CGA 640*200 4 MCGA 320*200 C0 0 MCGA 320*200 C1 1 MCGA 320*200 C2 2 MCGA 320*200 C3 3 MCGA 640*200 4 MCGA 640*480 5 EGA 640*200 0 EGA 640*350 1 EGAMONO 640*350 3 HERC 720*348 0 ATT400 320*200 C0 0 ATT400 320*200 C1 1 ATT400 320*200 C2 2 ATT400 320*200 C3 3 ATT400 640*200 4 ATT400 640*400 5 VGA 640*200 0 VGA 640*350 1 VGA 640*480 2 PC3270 720*350 0 IBM8514 640*480 0 1024*768 0 ...where C0, C1, C2, and C3 refer to the four palettes on the CGA and compatible systems. If you have nonstandard video hardware, you will have to obtain or write a .BGI file. In that case, set the environment variable BGIDRIVER to the name of the file. For example, if your driver is named SGA.BGI, you would set the environment variable as follows: C>set bgidriver=SGA No hardware autodetection of nonstandard video cards is supported. For the Houstin Instruments plotter, HP plotter, or LIPS-10 laser printer, or Postscript versions, the output port may be specified by setting an environment variable: C>set plot_port=COM1 (the default) C>set plot_port=COM2 C>set plot_port=PRN Alternately, the output can be saved in a file for later use: C>set plot_port=c:\path\filename The device driver asks about several other options: pen speed, margins (or pen displacement before plotting begins), and dimensions of desired plotting area. Note that the area includes space for numeric labels (unless defeated by the "-n" switch) and tic marks (if moved outside the graph by the "-g" switch). The Houstin Instruments plotter version asks which plotter is in use: a DMP-29, which has eight pens, or a DMP-7, which has only two. The DMP-29 is the default. The question can be suppressed by setting the environment variable PLOTTER to DMP-7 or DMP-29. By default an HI plotter is initialized with the character string \n\n\n;: EC5 V8 A 0,40 O @ which the plotter interprets as follows: Carriage return (allows auto baud rate), plotter select, mode 1, .005" resolution, 8 in/sec, absolute mode, move .2 inches up and set origin, deselect If necessary, a different setup string may be specified using the environment variable "plot_setup". As with the PROMPT command in MS-DOS, the device driver interprets the sequence "$e" to represent an ASCII escape character. The escape sequences available are: $e -> escape character \n -> line feed \r -> carriage return \t -> tab character \\ -> \ (escape an otherwise special character) \$ -> $ (escape an otherwise special character) For example, the default setup string could be specified using the following command: C>set plot_setup=\n\n\n;: EC5 V8 A 0,40 O @ The HP plotter version assumes an RS-232 connection with hardware flow control: The plotter pulls pin 20 (DTR) low to stop data transmission. Other conditions are set to their defaults. To implement this, HP recommends wiring a "null modem" RS-232 cable which exchanges pins 2 and 3, and connects pin 20 on each end to pins 5 and 6 on the opposite end. A second adaptor cable may be used to connect the null modem cable to the 9-pin connector on an IBM PC serial adaptor, or the two functions may be combined in a single cable. The cable schematics are as follows: IBM plotter 9-pin 25-pin 25-pin DTE chassis ground .. -------- 1 ---------- 1 chassis ground signal ground 5 -------- 7 ---------- 7 signal ground DTR 4 ------> 20 ------+--> 5 CTS +--> 6 DSR CTS 8 <------- 5 <---+---- 20 DTR DSR 6 <------- 6 <---+ TxD 3 -------> 2 ---------> 3 RxD RxD 2 <------- 3 <--------- 2 TxD gender >--------->>------------> The last line indicates, for example, that the plotter has a female connector, so the mating cable must have a male connector. The IBM BIOS serial port handler will stop transmitting data when requested. However, it interprets the signal as an error, and prompts the operator with the message Not ready error writing to COM1: Abort, Retry, Ignore? Type "r" to continue plotting. These messages may be avoided by using a communications program to send the file. By default, the HP plotter is initialized with the character string DF; <esc>.R which the plotter interprets as follows: default conditions reset handshake to hardware flow control (The plotter uses RS-232 connector pin 20, or DTR. It pulls the pin low to stop data transmission.) If necessary, a replacement string may be specified using the environment variable "plot_setup", as above. The default setup string could be specified using the following command: C>set plot_setup=DF; $e.R The LIPS-10 version clears all macros and all fonts while initializing to maximize the memory space available, with the setup string DAF; DAM; UNIT D; SCF; FONT 2; As with the HP plotter version, the environment variable plot_setup can be set to a replacement string. For example, "DAM;" or "DAF;" can be omitted to preserve the macros or fonts, respectively. DEVICE DRIVER CONFIGURATION FILES The hard copy versions (GRAPHHI, GRAPHHP, GRAPHLI, GRAPHPS) can also accept parameters from an ASCII configuration file. Entries in the file are switches, some with arguments, as on a command line. The following switches are available: -p portrait orientation (LI and PS only) -l landscape orientation (the default) (LI and PS only) -o <xoffset> <yoffset> -r <xoffset> -t <yoffset> offset from top left corner of page -s <width> <height> -w <width> -h <height> plot size -f <name> name of output file (or port) -v <velocity> pen velocity (HP and HI versions only). Units are cm/sec for HP and in/sec for HI. -n <name> Plotter name (HI version only). Choices are "DMP-29" (the default) and "DMP-7". Case is not distinct, and "29" and "7" are also accepted. None of the arguments can be omitted. A semicolon introduces a comment that extends to the end of the line. A switch may start with '+' instead of '-', in which case it will establish the default, but the program will still ask for the final value. The device driver configuration file name will be, in decreasing order of priority: 1. An "&filename" entry on the command line or script file, 2. An "&filename" entry in the environment variable GRAPH, or a script file referenced by that environment variable. 3. GRAPHPS.CFG in the current directory. If more than one &filename entry appears, only the last configuration file referenced is read. A PostScript output file name will be, in decreasing order of priority: 1. The argument of the -f switch in the device driver configuration file, 2. The value of the environment variable PLOT_PORT, or 3. FOO.PS, where FOO is the root name of the first data file. Output file names for the other versions are generated similarly, but with extensions .HI, .HP, or .LI. FILES These are the currently available executable files: GRAPH.EXE IBM PC with any standard graphics adaptor GRAPHHI.EXE Houstin Instruments DMP-29 plotter GRAPHHP.EXE HP 7470A plotter GRAPHLI.EXE CIE Laser Image Printing System, or LIPS 10 GRAPHPS.EXE Postscript GRAPHZ.EXE Zenith Z-100 (previous version with menubar) All these files have been compressed with LZEXE. NOTES Graph is largely equivalent to the program of the same name on Unix, with the following exceptions: Data may come from one or more files rather than the standard input. Line segments that go out of bounds are windowed rather than being dropped. Graph may adjust the specified lower or upper limits (outwards) to give convenient axis labels. Steps along axes may not be specified. The screen is always cleared before plotting. The default grid type is frame with tics rather than full grid. Axes may not be reversed by specifying a lower limit greater than the upper limit. UPDATE HISTORY 15 Jul 90 All hard copy versions accept parameters from a configuration file. 5 Jul 90 Ver 3.21: Script files may have comments. GRAPHPS default output filename is FOO.PS. 4 Jul 90 Ver 3.20: Added support for device driver configuration files (see &<name> switch). 16 Jun 90 Ver 3.19: Accepting @file as well as -f file as a script file reference. If a log scale switch causes a labeled point to be discarded, the label is moved to the last retained point. 14 Jun 90 Ver 3.18: Fetching options from environment variable GRAPH. 19 Apr 90 Ver 3.17: Displaying up to 16380 data points, if user memory permits. 6 Mar 90 Ver 3.16: allowing axes separated from graph area. 27 Feb 90 Ver 3.15: no longer attempts to restore video mode if graphics mode was never set. Fixed occasional divide-by-zero bug for screens with subsquare pixels (pixel width > pixel height, like the VGA). 19 Feb 90 Ver 3.14: No more text mode error messages if a memory allocation fails while in graphics mode. Coherent error message if script file cannot be opened. Default script file name is constructed from data file name. Menu starts at top right. Fixed occasional divide-by-zero bug for screens with subsquare pixels (pixel width > pixel height, like the VGA). 16 Sep 89 Ver 3.13: Switching to log scales no longer temporarily drops a linestyle. "abscissa" menu option can now discard y values. 15 Sep 89 Ver 3.12: Adding styles interactively automatically enables breaking, keystrokes entered during a redraw are not echoed through DOS when they are discarded. 13 Aug 89 Ver 3.11: Automatically adjusting width to be consistent with right move, etc. 1 Jul 89 Ver 3.10: graphics mode menus, mouse handler. 16 May 89 Cleaned up nonportable constructions. 4 May 89 Ver 3.09: user can adjust grid width & number of tic marks interactively. Markers don't have corner glitches. 25 Apr 89 Ver 3.08: not adjusting # tic marks for label size if no numeric labels are requested. 24 Apr 89 using intensity if color isn't available. 8 Apr 89 Ver 3.07: name of input script file becomes default for output script file 6 Apr 89 Ver 3.06: optionally writes data file names to script file 5 Apr 89 Ver 3.05: writes -c and -n switches to output script file The part of argv[] referring to data files is preserved. 22 Mar 89 Ver 3.04: requests correct number of tic marks in script file. 27 Feb 89 Ver 3.03: quits gracefully if there are no data points 23 Nov 88 Ver 3.02: Menubars allow interactive update of switches. 1 Aug 88 Ver 2.49: Allowing 100 styles rather than 30. Style of FF suppresses display entirely. 4 May 88 Ver 2.48: Allows axis labels as high as 10000 before switching to scientific notation. 23 Mar 88 Ver 2.47: Warns about data points dropped after memory is full. 4 Mar 88 Ver 2.46: Can display bottom and left axes only. 10 Feb 88 Ver 2.45: Automatic abscissas restart with each new curve. 23 Jan 88 Ver 2.44: Reads parameters from script file. 25 Nov 87 Ver 2.42: The linestyle is interpreted as a hex number, so the color digit can range from 0 (white) through f. Plot area is shrunk if necessary so wide grid stays within specified width and height. 29 Oct 87 Ver 2.41: Marker color controlled only by the second digit of the style number. 25 Aug 87 Ver 2.40: Large number of labels permitted, via dynamic reallocation (shrinking) of data arrays. Saving repeat counts. 20 Aug 87 Ver 2.39: Tic marks can be outside graph area. # small tic marks is adjustable. 17 Aug 87 Ver 2.38: width of grid lines can be specified. AUTHOR Copyright (c) 1985 - 1988 by James R. Van Zandt (jrv@mitre-bedford.arpa) 27 Spencer Dr., Nashua NH 03062, 603-888-2272. Resale forbidden, copying for personal use encouraged. Constructive comments welcome.