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============================ DV Tree - The DESQview Shell Version 2.1 ============================ DV Tree - DOS Simplicity Through DESQview Power Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 Michael D. Weaver P.O. Box 4323 Danville, Virginia 24540-0106 DV Tree was written using Turbo C Professional (Borland International). DESQview interface functions are courtesy of Ralf Brown and his DVGLUE API library. Credit also goes to Robert Jourdain for his C Express Programmer's Library (1989, Simon & Schuster). DESQview is a trademark of Quarterdeck Office Systems. DVTREE.EXE and all supporting materials are (c)1990-91 Michael D. Weaver. All rights are reserved. page -ii- Table of Contents ----------------- Introductory Sections --------------------- Introduction ...................................... 1 Disclaimer ........................................ 1 A Note for the Impatient .......................... 1 About Shareware ................................... 2 System Requirements ............................... 3 Notational Conventions ............................ 4 Definitions ....................................... 5 Basic Program Usage ------------------- Getting Started ................................... 6 Quiting DV Tree .............................. 6 Basic Operation ................................... 6 Marking files ................................ 6 Explanation of @ 1024 ........................ 7 The Mas(K) command ........................... 7 The Dynamic Wildcard Feature ................. 7 The @ (ALT) key command variation ............ 8 The (U)nmark command ......................... 8 Error/Informational message displays ......... 8 Using Sub-Menus .............................. 8 The ESC key .................................. 9 Using A Mouse ..................................... 9 Manipulating the Display .......................... 9 The TAB key .................................. 9 The / key (initiating split screen) .......... 10 Flipping the split screen display ............ 10 Exiting split screen ......................... 10 Controlling the File Display ...................... 11 PageUP/PageDN ................................ 11 ^PageUP/^PageDN .............................. 11 ^Home ........................................ 11 The = (Jump) command ......................... 11 The Backspace ('next' Jump) command .......... 11 Home/End ..................................... 12 (I)ncl/@(I)ncl ............................... 12 E(X)clude .................................... 12 ^R (the directory 'reread' command) .......... 12 (S)ort ....................................... 12 @(S)ort (the two-level sort command) ......... 13 DV Tree's Command History Feature ................. 13 Navigating Drives and Directories ................. 14 The (T)ree command ........................... 14 Paging and positioning commands .............. 14 The > command (main and tree) ................ 15 page -iii- (S)witch ..................................... 15 Escape ....................................... 16 Summary of other ways to change directories ... 16 File Management Commands .......................... 16 (D)elete ..................................... 16 (C)opy ....................................... 17 (M)ove ....................................... 18 (R)ename ..................................... 18 (A)ttr ....................................... 18 @(C)opy (or 'Alternate Copy') ............... 19 Create (Clone) ........................... 19 Append to File ........................... 19 The Find Command .................................. 19 (F)ind/@(F)ind ............................... 19 Example uses of the (F)ind command ........... 21 - (the minus key, aka the (F)ind toggle) .... 21 @= (the (F)ind 'jump' command) ............... 21 A technique for (F)ind on multiple drives .... 22 Exploiting the Split Screen Feature ............... 22 The TAB key in split screen copy/move ........ 23 [-M (Split menu-Match Identical) ......... 23 [-N (Split menu-Name Only) ............... 23 [-T (Split menu-Tag Newer) ............... 23 [-L (Split menu-Lock Toggle) ............. 24 ^\ - The 'Temporary' Directory Command ............ 25 Managing Trees .................................... 26 (A)dd ........................................ 26 (D)el ........................................ 26 (R)ename ..................................... 26 Re(B)uild .................................... 26 (M)ove ....................................... 26 (K)lip ....................................... 27 + (The 'Klip' toggle) ......................... 27 (U)nklip ..................................... 27 DESQview Specific Features -------------------------- DV Tree's (E)xec Command .......................... 28 (E)xec ....................................... 28 @(E)xec ...................................... 29 (P)rint - A File-Oriented 'Mark and Transfer' ..... 29 (P)rint/@(P)rint ............................. 29 Introduction to DESQview Functions ................ 30 A tutorial with LIST ......................... 30 Running DV Tree in a Small Window ................ 36 @ESC ......................................... 36 Setting up a Help System for DV Tree .............. 37 A note about scripts ......................... 38 More Fun with DESQview Functions .................. 38 A little philosophy ......................... 38 Sample 'real world' strings .................. 40 page -iv- Two examples with PKZIP ...................... 41 A variation on (E)xec ......................... 42 Using LIST as a text scan utility ............ 43 Creating a 'slave' DOS window ................ 44 A DOS XCOPY window ........................... 44 Miscellaneous DESQview Functions Features .......... 45 User macro strings ........................... 45 Cloning code strings ......................... 45 Title Edit ................................... 46 Open Keys Change ............................. 47 Using .EXT Files ................................... 47 DV Tree Customization --------------------- Configuration (Zpecial Menu) ................ 48 DESQ Directory ............................... 48 .DVP Directory ............................... 48 File # Max ................................... 48 Tree Size Max ................................ 48 Exec K Addition .............................. 48 Minimum Exec K ............................... 49 Restore Defaults ............................. 49 Color Customization (Zpecial Menu) ............... 49 Method 1: (Uses own colors = N) ............. 49 Method 2: (A)djust Colors ................... 49 DESQview and color ........................... 50 The Configurable Toggles .......................... 50 ^A (Auto Refresh) ........................... 51 ^C (Auto Split Copy) ........................ 51 ^F (Field Marks) ............................ 51 ^T (Tree Sorts) ............................. 51 ^D (Directory Entries) ...................... 51 ^E (Expert Keys) ............................ 52 ^Q (Quik Floppies) .......................... 52 Globals Save/View (Zpecial Menu) ............... 53 The Directory Hot-Key Feature ..................... 53 Setting up numeric hot-keys .................. 53 ^Left/^Right ................................. 54 Directory Customization ........................... 54 + (plus) customization toggle ................ 55 Command Line Options .............................. 55 TREE=d:\fspec\filename ....................... 55 FMAX=nnn ..................................... 55 TMAX=nnn ..................................... 55 RESET ........................................ 55 EXEC=S / EXEC=E .............................. 56 OPP=d:\filespec .............................. 56 Controlling DV Tree's startup directory ...... 56 DISP=n ....................................... 56 NOHOP ........................................ 56 TROOT ........................................ 56 page -v- Running DV Tree in EGA/VGA Hi-Res modes ........... 57 Running DV Tree from DOS .......................... 57 The TREE= Environment Variable ............... 57 @(Q)uit ...................................... 57 Performance Notes ................................. 58 Network Usage Notes ............................... 58 Appendix A: DESQview Function Codes Reference ---------------------------------------------- Major Codes ....................................... 59 String Replacement Codes .......................... 60 Special String Replacement Codes .................. 61 'PIF' Directory Codes ............................. 61 Special Keystroke Codes ........................... 62 Script Initiation Codes ........................... 62 Delay Codes ....................................... 63 Special Action Codes .............................. 63 'Hidden' DESQview Feature Codes ................... 67 Appendix B: Files Created and Used by DV Tree ............ 68 Appendix C: Error Messages produced by DV Tree ............ 69 Appendix D: Script Ideas for DV Tree ..................... 71 Part 1: Introductory Sections --------------------- ┌────────────────┐ │ INTRODUCTION │ └────────────────┘ DV Tree is a small but very powerful file manager/shell for the DESQview multi-tasking environment. By exploiting DESQview's API, the program provides many features for DESQview users unavailable in other products, even the most expensive commercial file managers. And although DV Tree is packed with file management features designed to compete with the best alternatives in the 'plain DOS' world, it owes its existence to its DESQview specific functions. This document functions both as a plain English user's guide and a tutorial. Users who approach it as a tutorial and experiment when directed should, when finished, have a good grasp of DV Tree's obvious and potential uses. ┌──────────────┐ │ DISCLAIMER │ └──────────────┘ DV Tree is distributed AS IS - the author cannot accept responsibility for the use or abuse of the program resulting in the loss of data or other imaginable damages. Though the author is dedicated to DV Tree's correct operation and the implementation and support of enhancements requested by registered users, he's not rich and cannot therefore accept legal responsibility for the care and feeding of users' hard drives and/or other equipment. Please don't let this section scare you - it's here because, in this land of lawyers, it has to be. ┌────────────────────────────┐ │ A NOTE FOR THE IMPATIENT │ └────────────────────────────┘ The following sections of this manual should be considered HIGHLY recommended, if not required reading: NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS (description of NIOS string) GETTING STARTED (to learn how to 'quit' DV Tree) BASIC OPERATION DV TREE'S COMMAND HISTORY FEATURE page -2- THE FIND COMMAND EXPLOITING THE SPLIT SCREEN FEATURE INTRODUCTION TO DESQVIEW FUNCTIONS RUNNING DV TREE IN A SMALL WINDOW SETTING UP A HELP SYSTEM FOR DV TREE COLOR CUSTOMIZATION (ZPECIAL MENU) THE CONFIGURABLE TOGGLES THE DIRECTORY HOT-KEY FEATURE DIRECTORY CUSTOMIZATION COMMAND LINE OPTIONS ┌───────────────────┐ │ ABOUT SHAREWARE │ └───────────────────┘ DV Tree is distributed as shareware. What this means is that if you find this program useful, you are encouraged to 'register' with the author for a nominal fee, in this case, $35. Registration lets you feel good and will also give you the following: 1) The latest release of DV Tree with no timed delay at program startup. 2) A slightly smaller, slightly faster version of the program compiled especially for 286/386 machines and up. 3) Influence over potential future enhancements. Registrants will receive a 3.5" 720k diskette unless 5.25" 360k is specifically requested. Those outside the United States and Canada should add $5 to the cost to cover airmail shipping. The $35 cost is for a single user license; site/multi-user licenses are available at the following discounts*: 2-4 persons/machines: 10% discount per copy of program. 5-10 persons/machines: 20% discount per copy of program. 11-up persons/machines: 25% discount per copy of program. unlimited license for business: negotiable - please contact author. Receivers of site/multi-user licenses will receive a single registration disk accompanied by permission to duplicate it the requested number of times. If you use DV Tree a lot you should register, if only to encourage the development of more DV-specific software in the future. Registrations and all comments/inquiries should be addressed to: Michael D. Weaver Box 4323 Danville, VA 24540-0106 page -3- Electronic contact addresses: MCI Mail (422-7384) CIS (72210,2035) The shareware archive of this program (DVTREEnn.ZIP) may be freely distributed through electronic bulletin board systems or any other means as long as all files are included unmodified and no fee in excess of $5 is charged the person receiving the program. * Listed rates, including the $35 single user license, are guaranteed through December 31st, 1991, but thereafter subject to change without notice. ┌───────────────────────┐ │ SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS │ └───────────────────────┘ To run this program you will need an IBM or compatible computer running DESQview from Quarterdeck Office Systems, version 2.0 or higher. To make use of the optional TSR, DVTXDI.COM, which can provide DV Tree with information on other applications running within DESQview, you must have DESQview 2.26 or higher. The presence of one or more hard drives is highly recommended, and, in fact, assumed in the documentation. If you have an older XT class machine, or a machine with a non-standard keyboard, you may need to be running DESQview 2.23 or later (symptom of this requirement: The keys for half the commands don't work). For practical purposes, a certain number of DESQview Applications are also required to exploit DV Tree's more advanced functions. When referred to in this document, a DESQview Application is a program that has an entry on, and may be started from, the main DESQview Open Menu. DV Tree's power and potential is greatly reduced on systems afflicted by the 'BIG DOS' style of DESQview management, that is, systems with only a handful of entries on the 'Open' menu wherein the vast majority of work is performed in 'BIG DOS' partitions. This condition can be handily cured through use of DESQview's Add A Program facility. At the least, we urge you to create Open Menu entries for your preferred file listing and editing programs. As DV Tree is a DESQview shell as opposed to an all-purpose, 'this is the only thing you need on your system' program, it provides no internal viewing or editing functions, even for ASCII files. You are assumed to have command line versions of these types of programs with which you are comfortable. Once these programs, and many others, for that matter, are available on the page -4- DESQview Open Menu, DV Tree may quickly be configured to interface with them, the end result being a file management system with far greater flexibility than other programs with primitive and/or clumsy listing/editing functions. Because of the above, certain levels of DOS, and especially DESQview, knowledge will be demanded of you. Great care has been taken to ensure this document is as clear and precise as possible, but as DV Tree depends on the presence of DESQview, so does this document depend, in parts, on an understanding of the DESQview manual. ┌──────────────────────────┐ │ NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS │ └──────────────────────────┘ The following conventions are used throughout this document and other documentation for this program: @ ...preceding a command or key name. The Alt key should be depressed along with the associated key. ^ ...preceding a command or key name. The Ctrl key should be depressed along with the associated key. () ...around a single character. Parentheses are used to highlight the actual keyboard character required to execute a command. For instance, F will initiate the (F)ind command, while X will initiate E(X)clude. NIOS ...appearing on the right hand side of the page at the beginning of a command description. This indicates that the main screen or tree command does not have a reminder in the DVTREE Option Summary area; thus, if you have an ASCII viewing program with text search capabilities, you can quickly find descriptions of DV Tree's less obvious commands. N2.1 ...appearing on the right hand side of the page at the beginning of a command description or section. This indicates that the feature or command is new to DV Tree Version 2.1. N2.3 ...appearing on the right hand side of the page at the beginning of a command description or section. This indicates that the feature or command is new to DV Tree Version 2.3. You may also see N2.3 (N2.2) - this indicates that the enhancement was actually available in version 2.2, but this document wasn't updated until 2.3. page -5- ┌───────────────┐ │ DEFINITIONS │ └───────────────┘ PIF Program Information File. With respect to DESQview, PIFs are small files, usually 416 bytes long and usually found in the main \DV directory, that provide DESQview with the information it needs to initiate an application. Within DESQview, PIFs are added/modified via Add a Program and Change a Program. pointed-at file The 'pointed-at' file refers to the file in DV Tree's display that is highlighted by the moving cursor bar. current As in 'current drive', 'current directory', and 'current display'. Current essentially means 'active', or, more directly, what you're looking at or acting on. The current drive is the drive containing the directory or the find list in the current display. The current directory is the directory visible in the current display, and the current display is either the full display, or the half of a split screen display in which you are currently working. abort 'Abort' is standard computer terminology for terminating an operation before it has completed. Part 2: Basic Program Usage ------------------- ┌───────────────────┐ │ GETTING STARTED │ └───────────────────┘ Complete installation instructions for DV Tree are contained in the ASCII file INSTALL.DOC. If you have not already done so, please refer to INSTALL.DOC to install the program before continuing. Once DV Tree has been successfully installed, selecting TL (DV Tree 100k) on DESQview's Open Menu will bring up the program. If you have a shareware copy, the program will present a screen to provide you information on how to obtain a registered copy; after a short delay you should see the program's main screen. The major portion of the display shows information on files, while the right side of the screen provides a summary of options along with system status information such as the number of files in the current directory and the number of free bytes on the current drive. The Option Summary, due to space constraints, cannot possibly show all commands available in the program. The most obvious omission is the (Q)uit command - if you like, try it now (key 'Q'), then restart DV Tree. The program may also be quit by keying @Q; this method bypasses the quit verification prompt. Still another way of ending the program is via the DESQview 'Close Window' command. Now that you've got your feet wet, you might want to change the the directory you first see when DV Tree starts up. To do this, all you have to do is put the name of one of your favorite directories in the Directory.: field of DV Tree's PIF using Change a Program. ┌───────────────────┐ │ BASIC OPERATION │ └───────────────────┘ As demonstrated in the previous section with the Q key, many of DV Tree's functions are based on single keystroke commands. In the Option summary, the necessary key for a given command shows as a highlighted character. Some commands, like Q, have no relationship to the state of the file display, while others are dependent on the position of the cursor bar. For instance, (R)ename and (A)ttr are commands that apply only to the file under the cursor bar. This is known as the 'pointed-at' file. Other commands, such as (C)opy, (M)ove, and (D)elete, can work on groups of files as well as the pointed-at file. To create a 'group' for these commands, you must 'mark' the appropriate file names. Marks may be page -7- toggled on and off for a file with either the Enter key, or the Spacebar. When files are marked, statistics related to the marked files are show in the bottom right hand corner of the display. These statistics include the number of marked files, the total number of bytes in the marked files, and a third line labeled '@ 1024'. This third value is of potential significance if you are marking files with the intention of copying them to a floppy disk. The reason for this is that files on DOS floppy disks are 'blocked' in increments of 1024 bytes, meaning that a file with a 'size' of only 10 bytes will actually take up 1024 bytes of space on a floppy disk. The same is true for a hard drive (though the blocking factor may be 512, or 2048, rather than 1024), but in practice you are much more likely to find yourself trying to cram files onto a floppy disk than onto your hard disk, and this third value will tell you exactly how much floppy disk space the files will require. In addition to the Enter key and the Spacebar, there are other ways to manage file marking in DV Tree: Mas(K)/@Mas(K) Mas(K) is a DV Tree command - note how it appears at the left of the page; this is a 'standard' for commands throughout this documentation. The key to use for the Mas(K) command is K. When you hit it, you will see an input prompt that should be primed with '*.*'. Mask allows you to mark files in a way similar to DOS's own file masking logic - for DV Tree's Mas(K) command, you can use the * symbol, but not the ? symbol. If you hit the Enter key with the mask set to *.*, all the files in the display will be marked. Once you get used to this command, you will find it far superior to the standard technique of 'leaning' on the Enter key employed by other file managers to mark an entire directory of files in preparation for a copy, move, or delete operation. Another feature of the Mas(K) command is that it uses 'dynamic wildcard' logic. This means that if you enter only 'C' into the input prompt, Mas(K) will respond as if you had entered 'C*.*'. If you like, you can experiment with this feature. Note that once you've entered something like 'C', the next time you key K for Mas(K), the input prompt will already be primed with 'C*.*'. The reason for this is that the last Mas(K) command, like many other commands, is 'remembered' by DV Tree. To get quickly back to '*.*', you can - again by exploiting the 'dynamic wildcard' logic - simply enter '*' at the Mas(K) prompt. Other commands in DV Tree will also dynamically add wildcard specifications to your input. These command include the (F)ind command, and the (I)ncl command. If for any reason you want to defeat this feature for any given input, simply make sure that you specify your file mask to the qualifying dot (.). For instance, entering DVTREE at the Mas(K) page -8- prompt will cause the program to mark files as if you'd entered DVTREE*.*, but entering DVTREE. will only mark a file with exactly that name. Still another feature of the Mas(K) command is the variation produced when you hit the command key (K) in conjunction with the ALT (@) key. In this case, the input prompt is primed with the filename of the pointed-at file, minus its extension (rather than the last command entered). Again, several other DV Tree commands (including (F)ind and (I)ncl) work in the same way. (U)nmark (U)nmark is very quick and simple command that will immediately 'unmark' all of the marked files in the display. If you haven't marked any files, it will, of course, have no effect. From time to time, DV Tree produces error/informational messages in a small window in the top left hand corner of the screen. An example of this is when you change one of the configurable toggles - say the ^F toggle that toggles on and off Field Marks (the little » character that appears next to marked files.) If you like, you can try this toggle now to see the message it produces. To remove such a message and continue work, hit the ESC key. To toggle Field Marks back on again, hit ^F and ESC one more time. The ^F toggle is covered later in the section THE CONFIGURABLE TOGGLES. Many commands will result in scrolling 'sub-menus'. To see such a menu, key (S)ort. Choices on these scrolling menus in DV Tree may be made in two ways: 1) By positioning the cursor bar on the desired item and pressing Enter or the Spacebar. 2) By keying the first letter of the desired choice. An exception to this occurs when the first character of an item has already occurred 'higher up' in the menu; you can see this on the sort sub-menu in 'Date Only', the fourth item down. In this case, 'D' has already been used for 'Date/Time', so to select 'Date Only', you have to key 'O' (for 'Only' - the second word in the option.) This sort of situation is rare - the general rule is that the first character of a choice will activate that choice. The only menu that you MUST use the scrolling cursor bar on is the menu presented when duplicate files are found during copy/move operations. The 'letter selection' capability of the scrolling menus allows you to easily set up DESQview scripts to perform common functions. For instance, if you occasionally like to see the display sorted by name in ascending order, but at other times by date/time in descending order, you might record the keystrokes necessary to perform each of these sorts on page -9- keys not used by DV Tree, say F11 and F12, and then be able to quickly flip back and forth between the two sort orders. If you are not familiar with DESQview's Learn feature, refer to your DESQview manual for more information. Another general rule in DV Tree concerns the escape key. When you're presented with any menu, ESC will almost always just make it go away. In this respect, you might think of ESC as a universal 'do-nothing' key, and no harm should ever come to your system when you use it. ┌─────────────────┐ │ USING A MOUSE │ └─────────────────┘ Most, but not all, functions of DV Tree can be accessed by mouse users. On the main and tree displays, the left mouse button functions as the Enter key, while the right mouse button will 'pull down' a mouse selectable menu. On the mouse selectable menus, select a choice with the left button. The right button will function both as ESC and PageUp. On scrolling menus, use the left button to make a selection, and the right button as the ESC key. ┌────────────────────────────┐ │ MANIPULATING THE DISPLAY │ └────────────────────────────┘ DV Tree has several commands to enhance the usefulness of its file display. Try the following: TAB The TAB key will toggle the file display between three column and a single column, maximum file information mode. If the screen is split vertically, it will toggle between the two sides of the split. The description of the TAB key will change accordingly in the Option Summary area. In the single column mode, DV Tree tells you as much about the file as it knows. This information includes the file size, the file date and time, and the file attributes (details on attributes are given later in the description of the (A)ttr command.) In the 3-column mode, DV Tree displays only the filename and the file size. By default, DV Tree will start with the display in maximum information, or 'INFO' mode. If you find you prefer the 3-column display, page -10- you may set this permanently. How to do this is covered in the section titled GLOBALS SAVE/VIEW. / (the slash key) The / key initiates split screen or dual directory mode. The file display is divided into two halves which may be positioned independently to different drive/directory combinations. To test this feature, use / to split the screen, then bring up the directory tree of your hard drive with the T command, and use the cursor keys to select a new directory. After hitting enter, you should see the new directory displayed in one side of the split, and the one you started from in the other. Once in split screen, the / key will toggle you from one side of the split to the other. Also, DV Tree has a group of commands that apply only to split screen mode; a selection list for these commands may be accessed via the left brace key ([). [-F (Split menu-Flip Horz/Vert) By default, the / command splits DV Tree's display vertically. For many purposes, this vertical split is the most convenient as it allows side by side comparison of two directories, but its major limitation is lack of screen space to show all the available information related to files shown (note that, in vertical split mode, the TAB key acts like the / key, instead of toggling between the 3 column and informational displays.) To compensate, the file display may also be split horizontally. To see this, use the [ key to bring up the special split screen menu, and key F to select Flip Horz/Vert (or highlight this entry with the cursor bar and press enter). The screen should 'flip' into horizontal split mode, and the TAB key will now act in the same way it does on an unsplit display. [-E (Split menu-End Split) Use this command to end split screen and return to single directory mode. The 'current' side of the split (the side pointed to by an arrow in the dividing bar) will become the current, single directory. As you may have guessed from the [ menu, split screen mode has more uses - these are covered later in a section specifically on exploiting the possibilities of using DV Tree in split screen. page -11- ┌────────────────────────────────┐ │ CONTROLLING THE FILE DISPLAY │ └────────────────────────────────┘ The previous section explained the various ways DV Tree's display can be fundamentally changed; this section explains how to view the file list itself in different ways. First, five commands are available for navigating 'multi-page' displays: PageUP/PageDN NIOS Respectively, the paging keys do exactly as you might expect: move forward or back by a 'page'. If DV Tree is running in less than a full screen, the paging keys will respond intelligently (i.e. if you've shrunk the window to a single column display that shows five files, PageDN will show the next five files. For more, see the section RUNNING DVTREE IN A SMALL WINDOW.) ^PageUP/^PageDN NIOS When used in combination with the CTRL key, the paging keys will position respectively to the first or last 'page' of available files. ^Home NIOS ^Home is a special, but particularly useful key in some instances. This key will cause the display to reposition so that the pointed-at file becomes the first file shown. = (Jump) The = key is another special key for positioning the display. DV Tree prompts for input, which should be a 'high level' substring of a filename, then attempts to position the display so that the first file with a name beginning with the input string becomes the first file in the display. For instance, if you key in 'CON' at the input prompt, the display might position with a file named 'CONFIG.SYS' at the top. Backspace ('next' Jump) NIOS N2.1 The backspace key repeats the effect of the = (Jump) command, looking for the next match to input string (as opposed to the first match that another use of = would produce.) Expanding on the example cited for the = command, the backspace key might cause the display to move down from page -12- 'CONFIG.SYS' being the first file shown, to 'CONTROL.FIL' being the first shown. The following two command are related to the above group, but they affect only the position of the cursor bar: Home/End NIOS The Home key will cause the cursor bar to be positioned immediately over the first file visible in the display. End does just the opposite, positioning the cursor bar to the last file. Another set of main screen commands can also affect how you see the files displayed; experiment with the following: (I)ncl/@(I)ncl This command affects how the directory information is obtained from your disk. (I)ncl asks you to input a file mask, and the current directory is reread according to the mask, i.e., a mask of *.BAT will cause the file display to show only those files with an extension of 'BAT' (just like DIR *.BAT from the DOS command line.) The (I)ncl command supports the dynamic wildcard feature, and if hit in conjunction with ALT key, the input prompt will be primed with the filename minus the extension of the pointed-at file. E(X)clude This command allows you to quickly cull unwanted or distracting entries from a file display. Either the marked, or the unmarked entries can be put 'out of sight' by selecting the appropriate entry on the scrolling menu produced when this command is used. ^R NIOS The ^R command provides a quick way to reread the directory information from disk (or repeat a FIND operation - covered later in THE FIND COMMAND.) All file marks will be lost, and any 'culling' of the file list through use of the E(X)clude command will be undone. ^R is particularly important as in DESQview, files may have been created or deleted in another window. For more detail, see: %r in Appendix A. (S)ort (S)ort allows you to order the files in the display in virtually any way imaginable, in either ascending or descending order. The best way page -13- to get a feel for the flexibility of this command (as well as the @(S)ort command) is to experiment with it. @(S)ort NIOS This command provides an even more powerful, two-tiered sort. you can, for instance, sort the display first by extension, then by date/time within occurrences of the extension. Sort settings and other program values can be made 'permanent' in DV Tree in two ways, either globally or by specific directory. The two methods are covered later in this document in the sections GLOBALS SAVE/VIEW and DIRECTORY CUSTOMIZATION. ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐ │ DV TREE'S COMMAND HISTORY FEATURE │ └─────────────────────────────────────┘ If you have experimented with the commands in the previous section, you will have seen on a few occasions a window appearing in the center of the display to prompt you for input. This is a 'common' window that is shared by many commands and features, and it itself has a 'hidden' feature. That is, it not only will 'remember' the last string entered for a particular command, but it will 'remember' the last eight strings entered for any reason. To test this, hit K to bring up the Mas(K) prompt. Now, see what happens when you use your cursor keys: The down cursor key should show you the last command you entered, while the up cursor key will start a backward search. The maximum length of an input string supported by this feature is 50 characters; if you enter something longer than this, characters beyond the 50th will be truncated when later shown. This 'hidden' feature of the input prompt may be useful in a number of ways, especially in situations when you find yourself entering complicated input. Also, in the section MORE FUN WITH DESQVIEW FUNCTIONS, there is an example of how to create a DOS 'slave' window for DV Tree for which DV Tree's command history may be used to remember DOS commands in a way similar to DOS command line history programs. The command history buffer can even be saved from the (Z)pecial menu so that it is retained for future executions of DV Tree. To save the current command history buffer, key Z-L from the main screen. You can use this capability for any number of things, from saving often used match strings for the '=' command, to saving common but complex DOS commands for use with a 'slave' DOS window. page -14- ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐ │ NAVIGATING DRIVES AND DIRECTORIES │ └─────────────────────────────────────┘ DV Tree allows you to view the DOS directory structure of your disk(s) in graphical, or 'tree' format, and the standard way to change current directories in the program is via the (T)ree main screen command. Other ways of changing directories are covered at the end of this section. (T)ree The (T)ree command pops up a window showing a section of the DOS tree on the current drive of which the current directory is a part. Unless your drive has more than 215 subdirectories, this will be a cursor-scrollable tree that will wrap around from bottom to top or vice versa as you move your up and down cursor keys. The Tree window may also be repositioned with the paging commands described for the file display in the section titled CONTROLLING THE FILE DISPLAY. In brief: PageUP/PageDN NIOS Positions the tree window forward or backward by a 'page'. ^PageUP/^PageDN NIOS Positions to either the first or the last 'page' of the tree. = (Jump) Allows a 'jump' based on a high level name match. New features added in version 2.3: N2.3 - 'Fuzzy' search ability. If the input begins with '=', DV Tree looks for a match anywhere in the file or directory name. For example, '=com' will find COMMAND.COM, MYCOM.BAT, FC.COM, etc.. - While strings are being entered, DV Tree will adjust its displays accordingly. Note: This feature is NOT available for 'large trees' (trees for which cursor scrolling is not active.) As this facility may conflict with scripts depending on high speed key entry into the prompt window, it may be disabled with the NOHOP command line option. page -15- Backspace ('next' Jump) NIOS N2.1 Repeats the effect of the = command. Home/End NIOS Positions the cursor bar, respectively, over the first or last directory shown. If your current drive has greater than 215 subdirectories, you will have to use the above commands to navigate the tree as the cursor bar will not cause the tree to scroll. However, there is a way to 'klip' entries from large trees covered later in the section MANAGING TREES that might allow you to reduce your visible tree size below 216 directories and hence allow you to use the cursor scroll function. To select a new directory for the file display, position the cursor bar over the desired directory and hit Enter or the Spacebar (or the left mouse button). The tree window will go away, and the file display will be reloaded with the contents of the new directory. Other commands to try are: > (DOS prompt character or 'greater than sign') NIOS (tree) This command is applicable to both the main and tree windows. DV Tree will pop up a window with a list of your available DOS drives, and a new drive may be selected by letter. If the command is used on the tree, you will be presented with the tree of the selected drive. On the main display, the > command will cause a direct 'jump' to the current directory on the drive selected. . (dot) NIOS N2.3 (N2.2) This command is functionally equivalent to > - added for ease of use as it is the unshifted state of > on most keyboards. (S)witch This command is in every way identical to the > command, but it is available only on the tree window ('S' on the main screen means (S)ort.) page -16- Escape NIOS The ESC key will simply remove the tree window as if it were just another scrolling menu. Your current directory will not be changed. As mentioned at the beginning of this section, there are other ways to change directories in DV Tree besides the tree. These ways are: 1) The > command (already discussed.) 2) Directory Hot-Keys (covered later in THE DIRECTORY HOT-KEY FEATURE.) 3) Direct selection by name (with the ^D toggle on - see the section THE CONFIGURABLE TOGGLES.) 4) @= from the (F)ind display (covered in THE FIND COMMAND.) ┌────────────────────────────┐ │ FILE MANAGEMENT COMMANDS │ └────────────────────────────┘ The file management commands are the 'backbone' of any file management program, and with DV Tree this is no exception. The following commands give you the power to quickly organize and reorganize the files in your system: (D)elete The (D)elete command performs a function identical to the DOS DEL command. Hitting (D)elete will result in a confirmation window. If you have marked files, the confirmation window will tell you how many files you have marked for deletion. If you have not marked files, the confirmation window will tell you the name of the file it is prepared to delete (the pointed-at file.) To abort the delete operation, type N for 'NO', or hit ESC. If you respond 'Y' to the confirmation, the marked files, or the single pointed-at file, will be deleted. The delete operation does not actually destroy the file data immediately; destruction will occur over time as you copy files or create new files on your disk. If you accidentally delete an important file, you can recover it if you have a program with an 'undelete' function (this function is not available in DV Tree.) If you find yourself in such a situation, the best thing to do is immediately cease using your computer until you have 'undeleted' the file in question. Please note that (D)elete cannot delete a file with its READ-ONLY attribute set on. If you want to delete such a file, you will have to first use the (A)ttr command (covered below), to turn off the READ-ONLY attribute. page -17- (C)opy The (C)opy command allows you to copy the single pointed-at file, or multiple marked files, to other directories or drives. Hitting (C)opy will automatically bring up the tree display of the current drive along with a small work window in the top left of the screen that tells you how many bytes you've selected to copy, and how much free space is available on the drive you are currently positioned to copy to. While the tree is displayed for the copy operation, most of the normal tree screen commands are available. That is, while you are copying files, you are allowed to: * Cursor scroll and using page and positioning commands. * Switch destination drives via the > or (S)witch commands. * (R)ename a directory. * (A)dd a new subdirectory anywhere on the tree. * Use the Re(B)uild command to reread the directory structure from the disk. * Toggle the 'Klipped' tree on and off. Details on the tree commands not already covered in NAVIGATING DRIVES AND DIRECTORIES are covered later in the section TREE MANAGEMENT. To select a destination for the copy operation, position the cursor bar over the selected directory and hit Enter or the Spacebar. An exception to this occurs if you select a floppy disk via the > or (S)witch command, and the floppy disk has no subdirectory structure. In this case, DV Tree will assume you want to copy the files to the floppy's 'root' directory (if one can be said to exist!) and proceed with the operation. If you select a destination disk on which there is insufficient free space to hold the files you are copying, DV Tree will give you a warning message and ask whether or not you want to attempt to proceed with the copy operation. A situation when you might want to do this is when you are trying to overlay files at the destination with files of the same name. You should respond Y or N to this prompt as the situation demands. Once the copy operation is underway, if DV Tree discovers that a file with same name as one you are copying exists at the destination, you will see another warning prompt that gives you the option of proceeding with the copy, skipping the file in question, proceeding without asking any more questions (because, let's say, you already know your copy operation is going to overlay many files at the destination), or skipping all files that turn out to have duplicate names. At the bottom of this window, there are two display lines designed to aid you in your decision. These lines tell you the size, date, and time of the source file (on a line labeled SRC:), and the size, date, and time of the destination file (on a line labeled DEST:). To abort the entire copy operation from this window, hit the ESC key. page -18- As the copy proceeds, a window in the top right corner of the screen will keep you informed of DV Tree's progress, telling you the file it is currently working on, and the number of bytes successfully moved. (M)ove Use of the (M)ove command results in a quick confirmation prompt to make sure you want to move files. If you reply Y, the move proceeds. (M)ove is logically identical to a (C)opy followed immediately by (D)elete. However, when moving files to another directory on the same logical DOS drive, the move operation is very quick because DV Tree is able to 'cheat' by simply renaming the files. For details on the move command, reread the explanation of (C)opy (thinking 'move' every time the word 'copy' appears.) (M)ove's confirmation prompt is designed as a safeguard to make sure you actually want to move files, rather than copy them. If you are an experienced user, you might find this prompt of negligible benefit. If so, you may 'defeat' it by using a DESQview script that keys 'M' followed immediately by 'Y'. A practical key for such a script assignment is @M (alt-M). A very impractical key would be ^M (ctrl-M) because DOS, via a wacky quirk, considers ^M to be equivalent to the Enter key. (R)ename The (R)ename command will present you with an input prompt for you to enter a new name for the pointed-at file. To abort the operation, hit Escape. If you attempt to rename a file to a name that already exists in the directory, DV Tree will give you an option to 'overwrite' the existing file. If the overwrite fails, the probable cause is that the 'file' with the same name is either a READ-ONLY file, or a subdirectory. (A)ttr The (A)ttr command gives you the power to alter the DOS file attributes of the pointed-at file or directory if no files are marked, or a group of files if files are marked. These attributes include the SYSTEM, the HIDDEN, the READ-ONLY, and the ARCHIVE attributes. The SYSTEM attribute is usually only found 'on' for the main files that comprise the DOS operating system. The ARCHIVE attribute is intended for use by file backup programs - if you don't use a backup program to save your data, you will discover that the ARCHIVE attribute for almost all the files on your system will be on, and if you do use a file backup program, you'll discover that the ARCHIVE attribute is on only for files that have been changed since the last backup. The HIDDEN and READ-ONLY attributes may be used by various applications on your system to protect files for their own purposes. page -19- In general, you probably won't want to use the (A)ttr command very much, but it's there if you need it. One of the reasons you might want to use it is to enable you to delete a file that has its READ-ONLY attribute on (this situation might occur if you're attempting to delete an application from your system that utilized certain forms of copy protection.) When you use the (A)ttr command, DV Tree presents a small window with entries for the four attributes listed above. Attributes that are on will be highlighted, and you may use the Enter key or the Spacebar to toggle all of the attributes on and off. When you have set the attributes the way that you want them, hit ESC. DV Tree will ask you whether you really want to change the attributes for the file or files in question, and if you reply Yes, the attributes will be changed. @(C)opy (or 'Alternate Copy') NIOS The @(C)opy command produces the alternate copy menu with the following options: Create (Clone) Append to File The Create (Clone) option allows you to create a duplicate copy of the file in the current directory by giving the duplicate (or 'clone') a different name. The Append to File option allows you to 'tack' the pointed-at file (which should usually be an ASCII text file) onto the end of another file. The best way to understand these two commands is to try them out. ┌────────────────────┐ │ THE FIND COMMAND │ └────────────────────┘ (F)ind/@(F)ind DV Tree's (F)ind command gives you a very powerful, alternate way of managing your files. The (F)ind command returns a sub-menu with the following options: File Mask Date (Equal) Since Date Before Date Attributes page -20- > Size < Size = Size In it's simplest form, (F)ind can help you locate a file about which you can remember the name or a part of the name, but not what directory you put it in. To do this, select File Mask on the sub-menu, and enter a file mask for the find operation. Remember that (F)ind has dynamic wildcard logic, so entering AUTO will cause (F)ind to respond as if you had entered AUTO*.*. The (F)ind file mask, by the way, also supports the '?' DOS wildcard character (unlike the Mas(K) command.) After you have entered a file mask, (F)ind will ask you if you want to search only the current directory and its subdirectories. If you reply N to this question, (F)ind will perform the search across your entire hard drive. Replying Y, on the other hand, will cause (F)ind to limit its search to just a portion of the tree, thus resulting in a much quicker response from the program. If the (F)ind display is active and you initiate a second, different (F)ind command, you will also be given the option to append the results of the new find operation to the end of the current list. Once you have created a (F)ind display, it is possible for you to use virtually all of the commands available when you are in the 'normal' directory display. That is, you are free to mark files, delete files, copy files, rename files, change attributes, even use the (S)ort or @(S)ort commands to get the list into any order you like. You can also use the ^R (refresh) command to repeat the find operation. This, of course, isn't all. As you might guess from the option list, (F)ind can also locate files in a variety of other ways. After selecting and entering input for anything other than 'file mask' on the sub-menu, you will also be prompted for a file mask, so you can use the additional options either to 'qualify' a file mask other than *.*, or to search independently with respect to the various characteristics by entering '*' into the file mask prompt (if '*.*' is not already there.) Another thing you should know is that if you use the @(F)ind command, all of the prompts will be primed with the appropriate information related to the pointed-at file. In other words, if the cursor bar is pointing at a file with a file date of, say, 01/04/91, you can find all files on your hard disk with the same date using the following series of commands: @(F)ind (alternate (F)ind) Type D (for 'Date (Equal)') Hit Enter ('01/04/91' is already loaded) Type * (to clear the mask to *.*) Hit Enter (to 'go') Hit ESC (to scan the whole drive) page -21- In other words, the @(F)ind command in the above example saved you the need to key in the 8 character date for 01/04/91. Similar examples might be given for the find options related to file size and file attributes, and you might also note that the command sequences are such that you could easily Learn them into a DESQview script. To get used to the (F)ind and @(F)ind commands, the best thing to do is experiment. Some possible uses you might discover for the (F)ind command include: 1) Scanning for *.bat so you can copy all of the batch files on your hard drive to a single floppy disk (or even have them compressed onto the floppy with an archiving program like PKZIP - see the example in MORE FUN WITH DESQVIEW FUNCTIONS.) 2) Scanning for files with a file size < 1 so you can delete them (note: Scanning for size = 0 will not work.) 3) Scanning for *.bak so you can delete back-up files and regain some space. 4) Scanning for files with sizes greater than 100000 bytes so you can learn just where all that free space you once had on your 40-meg hard drive has gone. 5) Scanning for files with their READ-ONLY or HIDDEN attributes on (just out of curiosity.) 6) Scanning for *.exe and/or *.com so you can experiment with DV Tree's (E)xec and @(E)xec commands (described later in the section DESQVIEW SPECIFIC FEATURES. DV Tree has the following additional commands to provide you with even more flexibility when using (F)ind: - (the minus key, aka the (F)ind toggle) NIOS The - (minus key) will quickly toggle between the (F)ind display and the current, 'normal' directory. Memory permitting, DV Tree does its best to keep to the 'found' list readily available (to avoid a repeat of the (F)ind process). @= (the (F)ind 'jump' command) NIOS When you are in the (F)ind display, the = (equal) key pressed in combination with the @ (Alt) key, will act like a directory selection key, causing a 'jump' to the directory containing the pointed-at file in the (F)ind display. Another small, but useful, thing occurs when you use @= : The file jump mask is automatically primed with the name of the file you selected, so if you follow @= immediately with the = or backspace key and Enter, you'll not only jump to the file's directory, but you'll also position the display so that the file you jumped 'with' is at the top and readily page -22- visible (now isn't that the sort of tip that makes trudging through this manual worthwhile?!) Some final notes on (F)ind: 1) Although (F)ind will not operate on more than one drive at a time, you can 're-perform' the current (F)ind on different drives in the following way: Type > (the 'switch drives' command) select a new drive Type - (the (F)ind toggle) repeat the above 3 commands as many times as you like 2) The default date used to prime the input prompt for date- oriented (F)ind commands is a configurable option. See the section GLOBALS SAVE/VIEW. 3) One of the reasons (F)ind is so fast is that it uses the current tree to determine the directories you want it to search, unlike other hard disk scan programs that have to build a tree as they work. This also means, however, that DV Tree won't find files if they exist in directories that do not exist in DV Tree's tree structure (such as a directory created outside of DV Tree since the last time the tree was rebuilt.) Find will also not find files in 'klipped' subdirectories unless the 'Unklipped' tree is active. The meaning of these terms can be found in the section MANAGING TREES. ┌───────────────────────────────────────┐ │ EXPLOITING THE SPLIT SCREEN FEATURE │ └───────────────────────────────────────┘ In the earlier section, MANIPULATING THE DISPLAY, you were shown how to get into split screen using the / key, and also how to flip the split direction and end split screen mode from the [ or 'Split Menu'. Since then, split screen has not been mentioned and we've assumed that you weren't using DV Tree in split screen mode in the previous sections, even though you may have been, because everything works exactly the same! When you use the / key to put DV Tree into split screen mode, the only 'detrimental' things that happen are: 1) You see fewer files (or less information) per directory. 2) Each side of the split is capable of handling only half the the number of files the program can manage when not in page -23- split screen (and this is a configurable value, covered later in the sections CONFIGURATION and COMMAND LINE OPTIONS.) Of course, split screen has its benefits. Perhaps the most useful purpose for split screen mode is its functionality when it comes to supporting copy/move operations. Using split screen, it is possible for you to not only 'see where you are coming from', but also to 'see where you are going to'. In MANIPULATING THE DISPLAY, it was mentioned how the use for the TAB key changes when the screen is split vertically. The TAB key has yet another purpose: When you're in split screen, and you initiate a copy or a move operation, the TAB key allows you to quickly select the directory in the opposite split as the destination directory. In other words, copy/move operations from one split side to the other can be a quick, two or three step operation: (C)opy/(M)ove TAB (to select opposite directory) Hit Enter (if not a floppy with no tree) Beyond this, there is even a way to make DV Tree automatically select the opposite directory as the copy/move destination - refer to the description of ^C in THE CONFIGURABLE TOGGLES. Split screen also has a set of commands that can be particularly useful if you are working with two drive/directory combinations that contain similar or identical files - perhaps one might be a 'working' directory for one of your favorite applications, while the other is a floppy disk or another directory that you use to keep back-up copies of some of your important work: [-M (Split menu-Match Identical) This command gives you a way to quickly mark files on both sides of the split that have identical characteristics - that is, they have the same name, size, date, time, and attributes. [-N (Split menu-Name Only) This command gives you a way to quickly mark files on both sides of the split that have identical names. [-T (Split menu-Tag Newer) N2.3 This command will mark the newer copy of any files with a name match. If files with the same name are identical, they will not be marked. page -24- [-L (Split menu-Lock Toggle) The 'Lock toggle' is particularly powerful in this situation. Like other toggles, alternating uses of it turn it off and on. The current status of the Lock toggle can be seen on the bottom display line when you are split screen mode. When the lock toggle is ON, a subset of DV Tree's normal commands will, when used, perform their functions on both sides of the split. The commands are: PageUP/PageDN The = ('jump' command) The backspace ('jump next') command The TAB key (if your split is horizontal) Mas(K)/@(M)ask (U)nmark E(X)clude (S)ort @(S)ort (two-tiered sort) Please notice that (C)opy, (M)ove, and (D)elete are absent from the above list. Let's return to our hypothetical example of a work directory and its back-up counterpart. For the purposes of the following example, we'll assume that the lock toggle is on. The first thing you might want to try is to mark the files in both directories that are exactly the same. To do this, use the [-M command. At this point, depending on what you're doing, you might want to: 1) Delete the duplicates in the back-up directory. 2) E(X)clude the marked files so you can examine just the differences between the two directories. From here you might move on to: A) Copying all non-duplicate files from the work directory to the back-up directory. B) Using the [-N command to mark the files with the same name (but different characteristics) so you can more readily see the differences. As you might guess from the example, the choices are all up to you! page -25- Some final notes on Split Screen: 1) The split screen direction (horizontal or vertical) is a configurable option. Refer to GLOBALS SAVE/VIEW. 2) It is possible to have DV Tree initiate in split screen, either in the same or in different directories or drive/directory combinations. Refer to COMMAND LINE OPTIONS. 3) If you use split screen a lot, and you have an enhanced (101-key) AT keyboard, you might want to use a DESQview script to define your @[ key to do a quick horizontal/vertical flip. 4) There's even more! (see the next section.) ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ ^\ - THE 'TEMPORARY' DIRECTORY COMMAND │ └──────────────────────────────────────────┘ ^\ NIOS N2.1 You can use the special ^\ command to quickly create a temporary subdirectory off the current directory with a name of TEMP$.DVT, and switch to this subdirectory in the right half or bottom half of a screen split. Also, if the screen is not already split, this command will cause a split to occur. If the screen IS already split, the current directory (either side) will end up in the left or top of the split after the command has completed. You can use the temporary directory like any other directory, and DV Tree will attempt to delete it when: 1) Split screen is ended with the [-E command. 2) Another CTRL-\ command is entered 3) When DV Tree is exited via the Q or @Q commands. Of course, if you have left files in the temporary directory, the delete will fail, and the directory will remain in the tree. At this point, you will have to either manually delete it to get rid of it, or rename it to something more meaningful. Or... you could just leave it there, and DV Tree will reuse it the next time you use ^\ with the display positioned to the same parent directory.... page -26- ┌──────────────────┐ │ MANAGING TREES │ └──────────────────┘ Now that all the major aspects of the main screen commands have been covered, it's time to focus on what you can do with Trees. DV Tree provides the following commands to aid you in maintaining and managing the directory structure(s) of your hard drive(s): (A)dd The (A)dd command gives you a way to create a new subdirectory off off the pointed-at directory. DV Tree will prompt you for the new name, and if all goes well, the directory will be created, and an entry for it will be inserted into the tree. (D)el The (D)el command gives you a way to delete the pointed-at directory and remove it from the tree. The (D)el command will only work on a directory that is empty - that is, a directory that has no files in it, and no subdirectories attached to it. Also, (D)el will not work on a current directory. (R)ename The (R)ename command allows you to change the name of the pointed-at directory in much the same way as you can change the name of a normal file. Re(B)uild The Re(B)uild command is what you must use if you want to recreate the tree for a given drive from the information actually on the disk in question. Under normal conditions, DV Tree will rarely do this on its own. One of the reasons you might want to use Re(B)uild is after you've created a new subdirectory on your disk outside of DV Tree. (M)ove N2.1 (M)ove is a powerful tree screen command that lets you move entire directories, along with their subdirectory structures, to a new location in the same tree. To use (M)ove, select the directory you want to relocate with the cursor bar, and key M. A window titled 'Cut/Paste Directory' should appear at the top right of the screen, indicating that DV Tree is ready to move the directory whose name is displayed in this page -27- window. At this point, you can abort the move operation by hitting Escape. To proceed with the move, position the cursor bar over the desired destination directory, and hit Enter or the Spacebar. (K)lip The (K)lip command gives you a way to put the pointed-at directory 'out of sight' - in this way, it's similar to the E(X)clude main screen command. When you (K)lip a directory, it remains on the disk (and, in fact, in the tree), but you won't normally see it. The purpose of this command is to give you a way to make navigating your trees more manageable by hiding subdirectories that are normally just in the way and that you will seldom, if ever, need to access with DV Tree. If you use (K)lip to hide a directory with subdirectories, all of the subdirectories will be 'klipped' as well. + (The 'Klip' toggle) NIOS The + (plus key) tree command gives you a way to see your 'full' tree after you have used the (K)lip command to remove one or more directories. Alternating use of the + command toggles the 'UnKlipped' tree on and off. When the 'UnKlipped' tree is active, you will be able to tell because the title of the tree window will be 'UnKlipped!' (U)nklip The (U)nklip command undoes the effect of the (K)lip command. (U)nklip works on the pointed-at directory, and if this directory has subdirectories (that will also, necessarily, be klipped), it will give the option to 'unklip' them as well. The (U)nklip command, of course, can do nothing useful unless you have used the + toggle to make the full, 'UnKlipped' tree visible. Part 3: DESQview Specific Features -------------------------- ┌────────────────────────────┐ │ DV TREE'S (E)XEC COMMAND │ └────────────────────────────┘ (E)xec The (E)xec command lets you 'execute' the pointed-at .COM, .EXE, or .BAT file in a DESQview window without having to define the program as a DESQview Application. This can be a good thing, or a bad thing; the window used by this command is a 'Writes Directly to Screen', non-virtualized, foreground only window. These characteristics can't be changed, and they may not be the optimum characteristics for any given program running in DESQview. If you have a program you will often want to run under DESQview, you should create an Open Menu entry for that program using Add a Program (or by cheating by using Change a Program on an application with similar characteristics, then changing the title, the Open Keys, the program path, etc..) That pointed out, (E)xec does have its uses, particularly when you'd like to run a small game or other simple program, or 'test drive' a new program, without having to open a DOS window. DV Tree attempts to tailor the DESQview memory allocated to the window according to the file size of the pointed-at file. The default equation is: File Size + 64K (or 128K, whichever is larger) Both the addition value (64K), and the minimum value (128K) are under your control - see the section CONFIGURATION. You may need to increase these values if you want to use (E)xec to launch large programs started from small batch files. An additional note on .BAT files: The (E)xec window is 'Close on Exit', meaning the first program executed within a .BAT file will result in the batch file itself ending, and the window closing. In most instances, this is the most desirable action, but if you want to use (E)xec to initiate complex batch files that execute multiple programs, this presents a problem. For an 'work-around', see Exhibit C in MORE FUN WITH DESQVIEW FUNCTIONS. N2.1 You can also 'tie' the (E)xec command to DESQview Function definitions if you have applications whose data files use a common suffix. For instance, if your word processor's document files have the suffix ".WP5", you can use the (E)xec command to load or re-load your word processor with any of its files. This feature can be particularly useful for mouse users as (E)xec is on the mouse menu, but F-Keys are not. To accomplish this, you should: page -29- 1) Set up a DESQview Function key for your word processor (or other application) and test it. DESQview Functions are covered extensively in following sections of this manual. 2) Add %X??? (where ??? is a file extension) to the end of your DESQview Function code string for the application. More detail is given for the %X code in Appendix A. To facilitate the application launching aspects of (E)xec, the command may be 'reassigned' to either the Enter key or the Spacebar. Refer to the section COMMAND LINE OPTIONS for more information. @(E)xec NIOS @(E)xec is a variation on (E)xec. For @(E)xec, DV Tree opens a window that allows you to specify a memory value other than the default, plus any command line parameters you might wish to pass to the program. One of the best uses for the @(E)xec command is its ability to let you 'fine tune' the memory requirements of a program you want to add to DESQview - in other words, it is much easier to repeatedly test a program with different memory values using the @(E)xec command than it is with repeated uses of Change a Program. ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ (P)RINT - A FILE-ORIENTED 'MARK AND TRANSFER' │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ (P)rint/@(P)rint NIOS N2.1 These commands allow you to 'print' the pointed-at file into the window immediately underlying DV Tree. (P)rint does an exact, character for character transfer, while @(P) will try to 'intelligently' strip out carriage returns (Enter keystrokes) to allow the receiving application to word-wrap. The utility of these commands very likely depends on the applications that you use. They're primarily intended to help overcome the shortcomings of editor-like applications with insufficient facilities for pulling ASCII, or 'text', files into existing documents. Many existing E-Mail oriented applications have this problem - (P)rint and @(Print) operate by typing the pointed-at file directly into the underlying application through its keyboard, exactly as if you'd done it manually. You may also find @(P)rint useful for reformatting large amounts text in an editor program, or for first time loading of an ASCII file into page -30- a word processor that would normally, using the word processor's methods, result in large numbers of 'hard' carriage returns at the ends of lines as well as paragraphs. Please note that these commands are designed for ASCII text files. We do not recommend their use on other sorts of data files (such as word processing files with imbedded formatting directives.) The 'underlying window' these commands 'print' into is the application directly beneath DV Tree's top left corner. If no application is there, DV Tree will produce an error message and do nothing. ┌──────────────────────────────────────┐ │ INTRODUCTION TO DESQVIEW FUNCTIONS │ N2.1 └──────────────────────────────────────┘ In this section you will learn about DV Tree's most important and most exciting feature - the ability to launch other DESQview Applications while, at the same time, 'feeding' them information such as the pointed-at filename, the name of the current directory, and many other possibilities besides these. It cannot be overly stated that this capability is the one and only real reason why DV Tree exists at all. All the other 'nice' features of the program, such as the (F)ind command and the Split Screen feature are just icing on the cake (unless you want to chalk them up to some sort of weird, late-night, bit-juggling masochism on the part of the author) - the DESQview Functions feature is truly the 'meat' of DV Tree. Because of the flexibility and relative complexity of some aspects of DESQview Functions, the best way to proceed is to get away from cliche food analogies and work by doing. For all the examples in this section, we will use a single DESQview Application: Vernon Buerg's shareware LIST program (experienced users feel free to substitute LISTS.COM). If you do not have a copy of LIST, you can: 1) Run DV Tree's (F)ind with a mask of 'LIST' on your hard drive - this wonderful program is so common that it may be lurking somewhere in the recesses of your system without you even knowing it! 2) Try to get one quick; it's available in one version or another on virtually every bulletin board system (BBS) known to Man. 3) Select a suitable substitute program. Ideally the substitute program should be either an ASCII file viewer or an editor with the capability of accepting an input filespec on the DOS command line and the ability either to handle multiple files internally (as LIST can) or reload page -31- a new file once running. Once you have done this, you are ready to proceed (thinking the name of your substitute program each time LIST is mentioned.) The process we will follow is broken down into several objectives. If you're confident you can accomplish the stated objective without directions, feel free to skip the (rather detailed) directions as you see fit and accomplish the objective on your own. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Objective 1: Make LIST a 'DESQview Application'. This │ │ consists of creating an Open Menu entry for LIST. │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Tap your DESQ key (probably ALT) Type O (for Open) Type AP (for Add a Program) Type O (for Other) Hit F1 (for Specify Program Information) Key in a title ('LIST for DV Tree' might be ok) TAB (to Open Keys) Key some keys ('LL' might be good) Key 85 (in 'Memory in K' (use 32k for LISTS.COM)) TAB (to 'Program...:' field) type the full path to LIST.COM TAB (to 'Parameters:' field) Hit your Spacebar (to clear the field) Hit Enter (to Add List) Hit Enter again (to say you're done) LIST should now be available on your DESQview Open Menu (you can check to make sure if you like.) page -32- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Objective 2: Assign the LIST application to DV Tree's │ │ F1 key so that we can load any file into LIST by │ │ positioning DV Tree's cursor bar over the file in │ │ question, and hitting F1. │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Now that LIST is an official DESQview Application, we will link it to a DESQview Function Key in DV Tree. From DV Tree's main screen, type (Z)pecial, followed by 'D'. At this point, it's time for a brief explanation of what you should be seeing: There should be two windows over the DV Tree main screen, a large one on the right with a list of all available DESQview Applications, and a smaller one in the middle-left with a line each for F1 through F10. The DESQview Functions feature works by assigning any of 30 possible F-Keys to DESQview Applications. What you see in the smaller window is the assignment status of the 'normal' F1 through F10 keys. If you hit your TAB key, you can scroll this window to see the bank of assignments for @F1 through @F10 and ^F1 through ^F10. Unless you've gotten ahead of this 'tutorial/manual', you should see {undefined} next to each and every possible F-Key assignment. Before we move on, if you've used the TAB key to scroll through the banks, use it some more until the bottom line of the smaller window informs you that you are looking at the assignments for the 'Main' bank - the bank for the 'normal' F-Keys. Now - on to assigning LIST. Use your cursor keys to position the cursor bar in the right hand window over the entry for LIST (if you have more than one page of DESQview Applications, you may have to use PageDN to obtain the next page in order to see the line for LIST.) Once you've positioned your cursor bar, hit F1. You should now see a window titled 'Startup Method'. Select 'Pass filespec on Command Line'. This should result in the window going away, and an entry appearing next to the F1 line in left-hand window to inform you that you've assigned LIST successfully. Hit ESC until you've returned to DV Tree's main screen. While you're here, play a little - with the cursor bar over any filename in the display, hit F1. The LIST application should open and load immediately with the pointed-at file. (On the outside chance that it doesn't, key Z-C-.(dot) from DV Tree's main screen and make sure that the .DVP path specification correctly specifies the full DOS pathname to your main DESQview directory.) Pretty nifty, huh? Hit ESC, then open LIST again on another file.... You can even switch back to DV Tree and open multiple LIST page -33- windows at the same time (and be able to switch quickly between them via two rapid taps on your DESQ (probably Alt) key. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Objective 3: Use DESQview's Learn feature to create a │ │ script in the LIST application on key {255} that will │ │ bring the LIST application to its internal file reload │ │ prompt. │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ This step is where things begin to get a little more complex.... The objective now is to use DESQview's Learn feature to give us a way to reload a running LIST application with a new file. To do this, we will Learn a script on ASCII key {255}: 1) In the LIST window, hold down your Shift key, and tap your DESQ key (probably Alt.) 2) You should now be at DESQview's Learn menu (if not, try step one again - believe it or not, it can be tricky). Let go of your Shift key, and hit your Enter key (for 'Start Script'). DESQview should respond with a window asking you to tell it the key you want to define. 3) We want to make this key {255}. To do this, hold down your Alt key, and keep it down(!) On the numeric keypad of your keyboard type '255', and let go of your Alt key. 4) If you successfully performed step 3, you should see DESQview's 'Start a Script' window, and a line in that window that says 'Key: {255}' If this is not true, hit ESC until DESQview again asks what key you want to define, then retry step 3. 5) At the prompt in the 'Start a Script' window, give this script a title ('Load new file' might be a good one.) When you've composed your title, hit Enter. 6) DESQview is officially 'Learning' your {255} script. To get LIST to its internal file reloading prompt, hit @F (alt-F). If you've done this correctly, the bottom left hand corner of your LIST window should say 'New File:'. 7) Hold down your Shift key again and tap DESQ to bring back DESQview's Learn menu. Tell DESQview to 'Finish Script' by hitting your Enter key. 8) Bring back the Learn menu (Shift-Alt), and tell DESQview to save the script file (Key 'S' followed by Enter.) page -34- With luck, you've successfully defined a {255} script that DV Tree can use to load LIST with additional files. To make sure, you can close the LIST window we've been using and open a new one. In the new window, hold down your Alt key (and keep it down), then key 255 on your numeric keypad and release your Alt key. If LIST responds by presenting the New File: prompt in the bottom left hand corner of the window (without any accompanying beeps or strange side effects), then you've won (!). If not, you can try repeating the above steps anew, and you might also want to refer to your DESQview manual so that you understand more fully what we're trying to do with DESQview's Learn feature. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Objective 4: Modify DV Tree's 'understanding' of the │ │ LIST application so that it knows how to exploit the │ │ {255} script that we just defined. │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ With the {255} script successfully defined for LIST, we can begin to get 'fancy' with DV Tree. In the DV Tree window, key Z-D to get to DESQview Functions, hit F1, and tell DV Tree you want to 'Edit Code String'. You should see an input prompt loaded with: %c%p . Change the string so that it looks like this: %c%p%A&z%p%e When you're finished, hit Enter. If all is well, you can ESC back to DV Tree's main screen and try your F1 key again. This time, instead of opening a new LIST application, DV Tree should reload the currently running LIST with the new file. And because LIST can handle multiple files at once, the 'old' file should also be there: ^PageUP in LIST takes you to the previous file, and ^PageDN takes you in the other direction. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Objective 5: Expand on what we've just done so that │ │ we can have LIST load or reload multiple files with a │ │ single use of the F1 key. │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ (Important note if you're NOT using LIST for this example: Skip this objective if the program you are using does not support the handling of multiple files in some way.) page -35- This step is easy: Repeat the steps in objective 4, but this time add %Z to the end of the code string so that it looks like this: %c%p%A&z%p%e%Z Hit ESC until you're back to DV Tree's main display, mark 4 or 5 files with Enter or your Spacebar, hit F1, and watch what happens: LIST should load all of the files you've marked, and you can test this by using ^PageUP and ^PageDN to find them all. (If, by chance, all the files aren't there, or if you heard beeps when trying this, you probably need to add a 'delay code' to the code string to slow DV Tree down a little. To add a half second delay between reloads, make the string look like this: %c%p%A&.5&z%p%e%Z ). By the way, if you use F1 as it's presently defined in a display with no files marked, it will load LIST with only the pointed-at file, so you get the best of both worlds. On the other hand, you may decide you don't want this multi-file capability and prefer to be able to LIST single files, while leaving marked files alone; in that case you might change F1 back to the way it was in Objective 4 (or you could assign LIST to multiple keys and have all sorts of possible permutations....) ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Objective 6: (Optional, but recommended) Compare the │ │ DESQview Function code strings you used in this example │ │ with their complete descriptions in Appendix A of this │ │ manual to help you understand exactly what you just did. │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ If all went well, you've just seen several practical examples of the most unique feature of DV Tree. If you were already familiar with LIST, you may also have discovered capabilities you weren't aware that it had! (And that isn't all - there's another neat 'trick' up LIST's sleeve that's shown later in MORE FUN WITH DESQVIEW FUNCTIONS). Although we used a single program as an example in this section, the steps we followed can, in principle, be applied to virtually any program you might want to run under DESQview. It may take some ingenuity on your part to get the code string right, but if the program can load a file, whether on the command line or through keyboard input, DV Tree can likely load it with that file for you, as well as reload it with a new file whenever you desire. page -36- ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐ │ RUNNING DV TREE IN A SMALL WINDOW │ N2.1 └─────────────────────────────────────┘ When using DV Tree to its full potential, such as in the example on LIST in the previous section, it may often be desirable to run it in less than the full screen window, thus leaving a portion of the underlying application visible on the monitor screen and giving DV Tree the effect of a 'pop up' file interface for the application. To accommodate this need, DV Tree acts in the following ways: 1) Paging commands on the main screen are 'aware' of the number of file entries visible on the screen and will act accordingly. For example, if you've reduced the display to five visible lines, PageDn will move ahead 5 files. With this feature, you could still have a useful DV Tree window even if you shrunk it to three or four visible lines in a skinny 3 x 13 window! 2) In split screen, if the window is small enough, the split swap commands (the '/' key and TAB in vertical split mode) will reposition the window so that the 'swapped to' side of the split becomes visible. 3) Also in split screen, if you've in some way 'shrunk' the window so that it 'hugs' one side of the split, the (F)lip Horz/Vert command on the split menu ([) will cause the window to be resized to compliment the changed format. To try DV Tree in a small window, you can use DESQview's Resize function (on the Rearrange menu) to test various window sizes. You may also want to try using the version of DV Tree's PIF shipped as TZ-PIF.DVP (Open Keys 'TZ' if you added this to DESQview's Open Menu during installation.) The 'TZ' PIF is nothing more than a variation on DESQview Tree 100K - the only differences are that it comes up in a 22 x 30 window, and has OPP=* on the command line to throw it automatically into split screen mode. DV Tree also has one more main screen command intended for use when running in this way: * @ESC NIOS N2.1 This command requests DV Tree to bring the application directly beneath its top left corner to the foreground. This key is not available on non-enhanced keyboards, but a script could be manually created (or 'Learned' on a machine that does support @ESC) to reassign it to an available key. This command is useful because, if you use DV Tree as a pop-up file menu, it's a quick, common way to 'just make the menu go away'. page -37- Final note: If you habitually run in high-resolution mode on an EGA or VGA monitor, you should also read the EGA/VGA section later in this document. ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ SETTING UP A HELP SYSTEM FOR DV TREE │ N2.1 └────────────────────────────────────────┘ One of the reasons why DV Tree can be so fast and small is that it has no built-in help system beyond the Option Summary. However, many of the commands aren't shown on the Option Summary, and the author will not argue the fact that help would be useful. Because of this, DV Tree comes with a short text file shipped as DVQUICK.REF that gives you as short a summary of all the available commands as possible. You may be thinking, "But that's not a help system!" You're right, it isn't. But... If you've worked through the previous section or have for any other reason created a DESQview Open Menu entry for LIST or any other file viewing program, you can create your own help for DV Tree by doing Change a Program on your LIST (or other) definition and: Key a new title ('DV Tree Help' might work) Tab (to 'Open Keys') Change the keys (use '00' or something like that, i.e. something you wouldn't normally use) TAB 2 times (to 'Parameters:' field) type the full path to DVQUICK.REF Hit Enter (to finish this) You can test this quickly by doing an Open on 00 (assuming those were the keys you used.) To complete the process, use DESQview's Learn to create a script in the DV Tree window: Get the Learn menu (Probably Shift-Alt) Hit Enter (Start Script) Hit @H (a good key for help, no?) Type a title ('Help' or something like that) Hit Enter (to start 'Learning') Tap your DESQ key (probably Alt) Hit O (for 'Open') Hit 00 (the keys you used last step) Get the Learn menu again (Probably Shift-Alt) Hit Enter (Finish Script) Now, switch back to DV Tree, get back the Learn Menu, and save your script. page -38- If all has gone well, you can view DVQUICK.REF at any time in DV Tree by hitting @H (and who said multi-tasking was only good for background file transfers?) Please note that while you've 'Learned' this script for one DV Tree window, you may also need to Learn it in the others (if you use them). However, there's a trick you can use for this sort of situation: In the 'other' DV Tree windows, Learn a script named '!Startup' that brings up the Learn menu and loads your 'main' DV Tree script file (TL-SCRIP.DVS, or whatever). Doing it this way gives you only one DV Tree script file to maintain, and this is especially useful if you use a lot of scripts. (If you DO use a lot of scripts, you might find something of interest in the DVSCRIP1.ZIP archive that's included with DV Tree.) (You might already have done the above during install of 2.2+) You should also consider the DVQUICK.REF file to be entirely yours. Many of the commands in it you will learn by heart very quickly (or consider redundant because they are also in the Option Summary.) The power is yours to use a text editor to 'cull' whatever you already know from the commands listed so that what you don't know or feel you might not remember stands out more prominently. Another thing you might decide to do as you become more experienced with DESQview Functions, is move the DESQview Function reference to the top, since, in practice, you're more likely to need it handy more often than any other part of the file. Another DESQview Functions help Tip: If you find yourself doing lots of work with DESQview Functions, and you haven't printed out this manual (or even if you have), using a text editor to copy Appendix A to the end of DVQUICK.REF might be a very good idea. ┌────────────────────────────────────┐ │ MORE FUN WITH DESQVIEW FUNCTIONS │ N2.1 └────────────────────────────────────┘ This section's purpose is to expand on the INTRODUCTION TO DESQVIEW FUNCTIONS using more real world examples. However, we will also assume that you at least know how to perform 'basic' tasks such as 'Learning' DESQview scripts, getting into the part of DV Tree where you can define DESQview Functions, and creating and changing DESQview Applications for your programs. In this sense, this section is written for the theoretical audience of the 'knowledgeable user'. Before we 'dig in', a little philosophy is in order: DESQview is designed to run applications in separate windows or partitions, and DV Tree is designed to maximize this capability. However, a lot of people tend to do a lot of work in DESQview's generic 'Big DOS' window or other DOS windows, thus avoiding the creation of separate Open Window entries page -39- for smaller programs. For 'miscellaneous' sorts of work, this is okay, but in the end it defeats the purpose of multi-tasking, especially with respect to DV Tree. You might interpret the philosophy expressed here as a call to give your 'small' programs the credit they deserve - run them in small windows. A version of LIST, LISTS.COM, will run well with all but a few features available in 32K with no problems at all. Most good dedicated editors, such as the widely available Q-Edit, will also run wonderfully in very minimal amounts of memory - Q-Edit, to continue the example, can function as the perfect batch file editor in a 70K window. This may make no difference to you if you have a 486 processor with 8 megs of memory, but most of us aren't there yet! To get the most out of DV Tree, you should create Open Menu entries for virtually all the software you use - word processors, spreadsheets, editors, listers, i.e. whatever you use often on a regular basis. In some cases, you might end up with multiple Open Menu entries for the same program - the author has a 70K Q-Edit window assigned to F2, a 200K Q-Edit window assigned to @F2, and a 400K Q-Edit window assigned to F8. Granted, all three keys technically execute 'the same program', but in reality, each performs a different 'purpose' (one edits batch files, another edits text files, and the third edits the source code for the program you're reading about and using.) There's a common myth in the DOS world that no 'useful' multi-tasking is possible on less than a 386 processor with 2 megabytes of RAM. Well, DV Tree was written on a 286 clone blessed with only 1 Meg of RAM for most of its development cycle (the author now has a second meg that he proudly uses as a RAM disk.) With that out of the way, it's time for the 'FUN' promised in this section's title. The idea is not only to present you with a lot more 'real world' examples that work with DV Tree's DESQview Functions feature, but also give you ideas of how you might use DV Tree with the applications you already use, and perhaps even to suggest some programs that you don't use, but might find useful. It should be pointed out at this time that the real documentation for the DESQview Functions feature of DV Tree is all in Appendix A. Everything works by what we call 'code strings', and code strings are made up of sequences of 'codes' and normal characters. A code begins with either the '%' (percent) sign, or the '&' (ampersand) sign. With a few exceptions, codes are two characters in length. To give an example, the code string generated when you select 'Pass filespec on Command Line' consists of two codes: %c%p. When alphabetic characters appear as part of codes, they are case-sensitive (i.e. %c is not equivalent to %C). %c tells DV Tree that you want to put something on the starting application's command line, and %p tells DV Tree what that something is, in this case, the full filespec of the pointed-at file. Much more detail on this, and on all other codes, is available in Appendix A. You might guess from the above that %c is an important code. In Appendix A, the various codes are divided into broad groups, and %c is one page -40- of the three 'major codes'. The other major codes are %k, which tells DV Tree to send keystroke input, rather than command line input, to the starting application; and %A, which does the same thing as %k, but only if the application in question is already active. %p, the full filespec code, is also major in the sense that it is the fully qualified filespec of the file you are pointing at when you hit an F-Key, and you're presumably hitting the F-Key because you want to do something with the file you're pointing at. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Exhibit A: A bunch of miscellaneous │ │ 'real world' strings │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ 1) Lotus 1-2-3 release 2 %k&3/fr%E%E%p%e 2) Lotus 1-2-3 w/Logitech mouse %k%e&5/fr%E%E%p%e 3) DESQview Notepad %k&1d%p%e 4) PKUNZIP to opposite split %c%p%O%r 5) Use QP.COM to print in background %c-f %p%- All of the above examples apply only to the initial file loading capability of DESQview Functions, not the reload capability. They make a good 'sample group', however, because you can see how different the code string may look from application to application. In fact, the only common thing among all these strings is that they each contain %p somewhere - the code to expand the name of the pointed-at file. The first two lines apply to the popular spreadsheet Lotus 1-2-3 (release 2). If you are a Lotus user, these codes may work for you as presented, or they may require modification (specifically, modification of the &3 and &5 delay codes if you have a slow machine.) Incidentally, these are not necessarily the optimal codes for Lotus, especially if you think being able to quickly load different spreadsheets via DV Tree might be useful - these strings are just good examples of fairly complex keystroke input situations; note the %E (ESC) codes. A good project might be to try to implement the reload feature for LOTUS so that your string looks something like this: %k&3&z%p%e%A&z%p%e (Lotus 1-2-3 release 2) To be able to do this, you need to first Learn a {255} script for Lotus (this is what is required for the &z code) that brings it to its file reload prompt (i.e., it contains the keystrokes /fr ESC ESC ). Also notice how the delay code &3 is still in the string. Delays are almost always necessary in %k and %A strings. page -41- The string for the DESQview companion DESQview Notepad is shown as another example of an application that cannot take input on the DOS command line. The notable element of the string for PKUNZIP is the %O code - a code especially useful when working in split screen. If you create a PKUNZIP DESQview Application with a memory size of around 128K, these codes can enable you to 'unzip' the pointed-at ZIP file into the directory in the opposite split, or, if the screen is not split, the directory in the directory line of the PKUNZIP PIF (i.e. The 'Directory.:' field on page 1 of Change a Program). If the PIF directory is blank, DV Tree will cause unzipping to occur into the current directory. The %r code says that when PKUNZIP is finished and DV Tree again becomes foreground, the displayed directories will be automatically updated. PKUNZIP/DV Tip: In setting up a PIF for PKUNZIP, it is often useful to place a '?' in the Parameters: field on Add/Change a Program. The ? causes the PKUNZIP window to pause at startup, allowing you to add additional parameters to PKUNZIP's command line. This is useful because it allows you to add file masks for specific files if you want to limit what's extracted from the zip file, but if you just hit Enter when the window is paused, PKUNZIP will proceed to extract all files. If you are a regular user of PKUNZIP and/or other archive management programs, you should also take the time to review the contents of the UTILITY.ZIP file distributed with DV Tree. Among other things, you'll find a batch file you can run against ANY archive file type in order to invoke the appropriate un-archive program, plus an example of how to set up a DESQview Function for the common FV.COM (also by V. Buerg of LIST fame) that will let you quickly get a list of the contents of an archive file of virtually any type. The last example for QP.COM is good because it shows how you can mix normal DOS command line parameters with the actual codes in the code string. QP.COM is a small utility (distributed as QUPIE.ZIP) that does a nice job of performing background print functions (and you can use the %- code, as in this example, to have the program start in the background.) ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Exhibit B: PKZIP and the %@ code │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ In this exhibit we'll refer to PKZIP, but if you use a different archive manager, the same principles will very likely apply. PKZIP, specifically, will usually run well in a 128K window. page -42- Here are two example strings for use with PKZIP: PKZIP to opposite split %c%Q08 %d\*.*%O%r PKZIP using @list %c%Q08 @%@ %O%r Both strings begin by: Specifying command line input (%c) Opening an 8 character input window (%Q08) The %Q08 code gives you an input window for the zip file name, then the first example goes on to: adding the current directory filespec (%d) appending the characters \*.* (to get all the files) In the second example we: add the @ character (PKZIP's @list parameter) add the %@ code The %@ code causes DV Tree to create a work file in the DV Tree directory containing the names of all the files you have marked in the current display (it could be a directory display, or a (F)ind display.) DV Tree then adds the name of this file to the command line. With this setup, PKZIP should proceed to create a zip file from all the files you have marked. Depending on the way you use PKZIP, you might want to modify the examples to include some of PKZIP's other command line parameters such as -m or -r. The two examples each have their advantages, though the second is the most versatile. In the first you have a single keystroke way of zipping up everything in the current directory. In the second, however, you have a way to selectively run PKZIP, but if you want to get all of the current directory, you first have to mark all the files (probably by using the Mas(K) command.) ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Exhibit C: Creating a variation on │ │ DV Tree's (E)xec command │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ The 'hard-coded' nature of the PIF used to start a program when you use (E)xec is explained in section DESQVIEW SPECIFIC FEATURES. You page -43- can overcome this by creating a DESQview Application with nothing in Program.: field, and assigning this to an F-Key with 'Pass filespec on the command line'. The resulting DESQview Function will act similarly to (E)xec, except that in this instance, the various parameters of the PIF, such as screen virtualization and 'Close on Exit', are now completely under your control via Change a Program. If your intention in creating this DESQview Function is, in fact, to set 'Close on Exit' to No to give you a way to run complex batch files, you might also want to do the following: 1) Add %Xbat to the end of the code string for the function; this will 'tie' the F-Key to the (E)xec command and, in the process, override the parameters for .BAT files only. 2) Add the statement EXIT to the end of your batch files; this will give you control on exactly when the .BAT file DOES exit and cause the window to close. ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Exhibit D: Using LIST as a text search │ │ utility. │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ Recent versions of Vernon Buerg's LIST (LIST75a+) have the capability to start a multiple file text scan through use of the /F command line option. We can exploit this easily by assigning the LIST application to a second F-Key with the following codes: %c*.* /F%?%D The meaning of the codes (as all other codes used in this section), may be found in Appendix A. A LIST F-Key setup in this way will give you an input prompt window for a text string to search for, then open LIST to search for the string through all the files in the current directory A note re:LIST: Once the first occurrence of the string is found, LIST's @A (alt-A) command will continue the search through the remaining files (the LIST F3 and A commands will not load the next file.) Depending on how you work, you may want to replace *.* in the example with the %i code. page -44- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Exhibit E: A 'Slave' DOS window with │ │ command memory. │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ This exhibit might be otherwise called a 'DV Tree trick' - that is, it takes advantage of several features in order to produce something quite different than anything that might readily be apparent. Even though DV Tree can do a great deal, there may be times when what you want to accomplish is best done directly from the DOS command line. By using DV Tree's input prompt, you can do this via a DV Tree DESQview Function assigned to a DOS window with the following codes: %k&2%Q50%e%A%Q50%e Notes: 1) Things you might want to try in defining the DOS window are making it Writes Directly to Screen = N, and either leaving the starting row/col size blank, or using values to create a half-screen window. 2) A good thing to put in the Program...: field of a DOS window PIF might be CLS (rather than leaving it blank.) 3) A setup like this even gives you a 8 command history buffer in the input prompt window (see the section DV TREE'S COMMAND HISTORY FEATURE.) ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Exhibit F: A DOS XCOPY window │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ In the section TREE MANAGEMENT, you learned how DV Tree can move directories and subdirectory structures to different locations on the same drive. However, there may be times when you want to either duplicate a subdirectory structure on the same drive, or on different drive. DOS provides XCOPY.EXE for this function, and you can exploit DV Tree's split screen to let you run an XCOPY DESQview Application quickly and easily, copying all files and subdirectories from the current side of the split to the opposite side with the following code string: %c%d /E /S%O%r page -45- With this example, the following happens: 1) The XCOPY application starts in the directory of the opposite side of the split (because of the %O code.) 2) XCOPY acts on the current directory (because of %d), and creates and copies subdirectories because of the command line parameters /E and /S. 3) DV Tree's display is refreshed when XCOPY finishes and DV Tree again comes foreground (because of %r.) ┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ MISCELLANEOUS DESQVIEW FUNCTIONS FEATURES │ N2.3 └────────────────────────────────────────────┘ This section details various program features designed to support the creation and maintenance of DESQview Functions. From the main Z-D menu, it is possible to define 10 'user macro' strings. You may consider these 10 strings as 'substrings' that can be expanded into normal code strings, letting you create code strings longer than 30 characters, along with the ability to crunch commonly used sequences into two character positions: * To define any of these strings, hit a numeric key (0-9). * To expand a user macro string in another code string, use %n (where n = the numeric key you've defined). Please note that, in order to keep the macro string function as flexible as possible, DV Tree does not attempt to validate the correctness of macro code string sequences, so the only way to find out if you coded something correctly is by hitting an F-Key that expands the macro, and making sure you've achieved the desired result. Also in support of DESQview Functions, the following options are available on the menu when an already assigned function key is hit from the main Z-D menu: (E)dit Code String --- self-explanatory (U)nassign Key --- self-explanatory (C)lone Code String ( + (L)oad Cloned Codes ) This option copies the key's existing code string into a temporary buffer so that you may later apply it to another function key, either at initial assignment by selecting (L)oad with Cloned Codes, or from this same menu by selecting (L)oad Cloned Codes. This can be particularly useful in page -46- cases where you want to 'move' a function key, or produce a new key that is a variation on one you already use. (A)ssign .EXT File ( + (R)eload .EXT file ) These options control the linking of a key with a .EXT file. Use Assign to create the link, and reload when you have updated a .EXT file and want DV Tree to recognize your changes. For more information, see the section USING .EXT FILES. (T)itle Edit Title edit is a powerful as well as a complex option. On the surface, it simply allows you to change the title of the application to something different than that shown on DESQview's Open Menu. Some ways you might take advantage of this feature: 1) When you have the same application defined multiple times for different purposes, you can give each instance a more descriptive name. 2) When you have PIFs that are not on DESQview's Open Menu, you can give them names other than ??-PIF.DVP. Note: You can remove an alternate title by spacing out the alternate title prompt. The complexity of this option comes into play mostly with respect to the %A code that tells DV Tree what to do when the application assigned to a function key is already active, and what happens in these cases depends on whether or not you are running DVTXDI. But assuming you are using DVTXDI, you should be aware of the following: 1) When DV Tree looks for an active application, it first checks to see if it 'remembers' starting one. If this check fails, it then asks DVTXDI if there is another application running with this one's 'open keys', and if so, recognizes this as a copy of the application you are trying to use. This can be either good or bad when you have multiple function keys assigned to the same application, all depending on how you are trying to use them. 2) To have DV Tree treat two iterations of the same application as different applications, you *must* assign an alternate title to at least one of the function keys, and you *must* use the %T code in the code string of each. When the %T code is present DV Tree checks to make sure that the application identified by DVTXDI has the same title as the one it is working with, and, if so, only then does it consider it as the same application. This title comparison is carried out to a length of 14 characters only, as DV Tree uses character positions beyond 14 (if they are available) for loading in application file names. page -47- (O)pen Keys Change This option lets you change directly the Open Keys for which the F-Key is defined. Any two character combination may be entered, and no check is made to ensure that the application is a valid one. However, as long an alternate title has not been assigned to the key, DV Tree will respond by showing you the name of application if the Open Keys are available on DESQview's Open Menu, or ??-PIF.DVP in other cases. For advanced users with some sort of DESQview PIF editor, this option, (T)itle edit, and the .DVP path configuration option may be used to create and maintain a customized DV Tree setup without respect to the contents of DESQview's Open Menu. ┌────────────────────┐ │ USING .EXT FILES │ N2.3 └────────────────────┘ Version 2.3 (and above) of DV Tree allow you to associate multiple file extensions with a DESQview Function via a simple ASCII text file. To use this feature, you must use a text editor to create a file in DV Tree's home directory that contains the list of extensions. The list should be formatted with one extension per line, and should contain no other data but the list. For more information, please see the file SAMPLE.EXT. Once you have created the file, use the (A)ssign .EXT File option from the DESQview Functions edit menu to establish the link. You may view this feature as an extension of the %X??? special action code (see Appendix A). Both types of specifications are supported, but %X takes priority; in other words, when you hit (E)xec, all code strings are scanned for a matching extension in %X??? codes before any .EXT file data is searched. Part 4: DV Tree Customization --------------------- ┌────────────────────────────────┐ │ CONFIGURATION (ZPECIAL MENU) │ └────────────────────────────────┘ The following is an explanation of the items you can customize through the DV Tree's Configuration menu: DESQ Directory This should be the directory where DESQview keeps its own files. (default is C:\DV). A drive specifier is required. This path specification is what DV Tree uses to find DESQview's DESQVIEW.DVO file (which contains the Open Window list.) .DVP Directory You should generally set this option identically to the DESQ directory. It exists primarily for non-standard configurations in which PIF files are maintained in a separate directory for ease of backup or other reasons. File # Max This value controls the maximum number of files in a directory that DV Tree is prepared to handle. Possible values are 1 to 999, and the default is 200. On an attempt to access a directory with more files than this limit, an error message is displayed, and the file list available to you is truncated. Operations may then proceed as normal, but not all files will be available in the list. When running in split screen, this number is effectively cut in half for each side of the split. Tree Size Max This value controls the maximum number of directories per drive that DV Tree is prepared to handle. Default is 100. An attempt to access a tree on a drive whose directory count exceeds this limit will fail. Exec K Addition This is the value added to the size the pointed-at file to get the memory size value for new window when you use the (E)xec or @(E)xec commands. The default is 64k. page -49- Minimum Exec K This is the value that is used for (E)xec and @(E)xec if it is larger than the results of the normal (file size + 64K) equation. The default is 128K. You may want to increase this value if you want to use (E)xec to start large programs via small batch (.BAT) files. Restore Defaults This option resets DV Tree's color scheme (see section COLOR CUSTOMIZATION), all global options (see section GLOBALS SAVE/VIEW), and all of the above options back to their stated default values. You will be asked to verify your request before the restoration of defaults occurs. ┌───────────────────────┐ │ COLOR CUSTOMIZATION │ N2.1 └───────────────────────┘ Two separate and distinct methods are available for managing the appearance of DV Tree's windows on color systems; the difference lies in whether the PIF of the DV Tree window has 'Uses own colors?' set to 'Y' or 'N' (This is one of the fields at the bottom of page 2 of the Add/Change a Program displays.) Method 1: (Uses own colors = N) (REQUIRED for monochrome systems) This value in the PIF tells DESQview it has complete control over the colors in DV Tree, and the window colors you see result from the four combinations configured in DESQview's Advanced Setup. Once the window is active, the colors may be changed via DESQview's Rearrange/Colors facility; DV Tree's Adjust Color feature will have absolutely no effect. Method 2: (Uses own colors = Y) This value in the PIF lets DV Tree take over. By default, the various DV Tree windows will have a blue on white color scheme, but this may easily be modified. To change the colors, issue the (Z)pecial main screen command and select (A)djust Colors. The program responds by popping up the tree window, then a small work window. Using the cursor keys, you can scroll through all available color combinations in the current palette. Using the number keys 1, 2, and 3, you can redirect the effect of the cursor keys between the three windows. When you are satisfied with the colors, hit ESC. DV Tree will ask if you want to save the new values, and if you respond with Y, your color settings will be stored in DV Tree's configuration file and remembered on subsequent executions. page -50- If you haven't modified the default installation PIFs that came with DV Tree, this is how color should work on your system. After you've changed the colors, if a copy of DV Tree is run in a window with Uses own colors = N, your color settings will be ignored. You should also know that DV Tree has no way of knowing of any color changes you may make using DESQview's Rearrange/Colors, so (A)djust Colors cannot save them unless you use it to set them. A final, general note on DESQview and color: DESQview specific applications like DV Tree can be very dependent on DESQview itself being configured with reasonable color scheme. Colors for programs running with Uses own color = N are entirely dependent on reasonable combinations configured by the Advanced Setup for DESQview. DESQview specific programs are also, regardless of the Uses own color setting, highly sensitive to settings in the DESQview color palette. With recent releases of DESQview, Quarterdeck Office Systems has bundled a small 'companion' program called DESQview Palette (DVPAL.COM). This program is not documented in the DESQview Version 2 manual, and it's mentioned only briefly in upgrade booklets, but it comes with a ready-made PIF that you can add to the Open Menu if you tell Add a Program to look in the main DESQview directory. Through DVPAL it is possible to customize the standard set of sixteen colors available to DV Tree, thus further enhancing the color scheme of the display. One of the most practical things possible with DVPAL is a modification of the color for highlighted black, since by default highlighted black looks little different than standard black, and this has an especially detrimental effect on attempts to setup DV Tree with black characters on any background. Changing highlighted black to something like yellow or gray vastly increases the usefulness of DV Tree's (A)djust Colors command. ┌────────────────────────────┐ │ THE CONFIGURABLE TOGGLES │ └────────────────────────────┘ Most DV Tree commands that you find on Ctrl- key combinations are configurable toggles. Alternating uses of a toggle turn it on and off, and when you use a toggle, the new setting is shown via an informational message. These commands are set up this way because they are 'configuration-like' - that is, they apply more to how the program works, than to any operation you might want to perform - but they are also features that you might want to occasionally have on, but at other times have off. See the next section to learn how the settings of these toggles may be saved and 'remembered' in DV Tree's configuration file. page -51- ^A With this toggle on, every time DV Tree becomes the foreground application, it will reread its displayed directory or directories. This toggle makes permanent the effect available via the %r DV Function code and the DVTUPDAT utility in the UTILITY.ZIP archive. Initial default is OFF. ^C When on, this toggle has an effect only in split screen - on copy/move operations, DV Tree will assume the directory in the opposite split to be the desired destination. Identical to hitting C or M followed immediately by the TAB key. Initial default is OFF. Please note that the way ^C is set has a bearing on the function of the ^Q toggle as well - see ^Q for more information. ^F Toggles DESQview field marks (the '»' mark preceding selected fields) on/off. Initial default is ON. ^T Toggles alphabetical sorting of trees during build/rebuild operations. Initial default is ON. As of release 1.8.2, adds are placed at the bottom of the tree, and renamed directories are not moved. Rebuilding the tree with this toggle on will reinstate the current alpha sort order. Note: 'Klipped' subdirectories will always show at the bottom of their respective branches in a sorted tree. ^D (show subdirectories) N2.1 With the ^D toggle on, DV Tree's file display will show entries for the parent directory (<..>), and any subdirectories of the viewed directory. These entries cannot be marked; 'selecting' them, however, will effectively change directories. Initial status is OFF. Notes: 1) If you select a directory entry that is not in the tree (i.e. you've created it outside of DV Tree since the last time the tree was rebuilt), an automatic rebuild of the tree will be forced. 2) If you select a directory entry that is klipped, the 'Unklipped!' will automatically be activated. page -52- ^E (expert keys) N2.3 (N2.2) ^E is a toggle for experienced DV Tree users that eliminates some of the informational messages and question/answer dialogs DV Tree produces while running. It has the following specific effects: - The Q&A to confirm the (M)ove command is bypassed. - the Q&A to confirm the Tree (K)lip command is bypassed. - The toggle status info window after changes of toggle status is never shown. Note that the status off all toggles is available on the Z-(G)lobals save/view screen (see next section). Initial status is OFF. ^Q (quik floppies) N2.3 (N2.2) This toggle is provided to improve the flexibility of tree operations, especially regarding copy/move. The default setting of this toggle is ON, but for users upgrading from DV Tree 2.1, it will be OFF. The ^Q toggle controls how DV Tree handles disks with no directory structures (these will usually be floppy diskettes.) With ^Q ON, the following occurs: 1) Copies to 'no-directory' disks will bypass the tree, making such copies a one- or two- step operation, depending on the status of the ^C toggle. 2) Selecting a 'no-directory' drive from the (T)ree-(S)witch menu will bypass the tree. 3) Copies from a 'no-directory' drive will go immediately to the (S)witch menu. Since the above three actions generally represent 'logical' next steps, most people will want to run with ^Q on. If, however, you keep the ^C (auto copy) ON on a normal basis, you may want to turn ^Q OFF. In any event, it's all a matter of taste, as shown in the following configuration combinations: Configuration 1: ^C OFF ^Q ON (default and 'old way') - copy/move brings up a tree positioned to the current directory. - TAB selects the opposite split. - If dest is a 'no-directory' drive, copy/move begins, otherwise, Enter causes copy/move to proceed. Configuration 2: ^C ON ^Q OFF - copy/move brings up a tree positioned to the opposite directory. - Enter causes copy/move to proceed. page -53- Configuration 3: ^C ON ^Q ON - If dest is a 'no-directory' drive, copy/move begins immediately. - (otherwise, like configuration 2). Configuration 4: ^C OFF ^Q OFF - copy/move brings up a tree positioned to the current directory. - TAB selects the opposite split. - Enter causes copy/move to proceed. ┌─────────────────────┐ │ GLOBALS SAVE/VIEW │ N2.1 └─────────────────────┘ As its name implies, the Globals Save/View (Z-G from the main screen) display serves two purposes. You can use it to see the settings of all the configurable toggles and other 'global' options at once, and you can also use it to make these options permanent so that DV Tree will have them set this way each time you start it. The options that are saved include: All configurable toggles. The current main screen sort options. The current Mas(K) mask. The current (F)ind date. The current split screen direction. (To see how to make split screen itself permanent, see the OPP=* parameter in the COMMAND LINE OPTIONS section.) ┌─────────────────────────────────┐ │ THE DIRECTORY HOT-KEY FEATURE │ └─────────────────────────────────┘ In DV Tree, numeric keys 1 through 0 (8,9,0) are 'directory hot-keys'. Once you assign a hot-key, you may 'jump' to it in either the main or tree displays by simply hitting the key. The purpose of this command is to give you a way to quickly move to your 'favorite' directories from anywhere else in your system. To assign a key: select the directory through normal tree navigation, then press @ (Alt) in combination with the numeric key (important: use the page -54- number keys on the top row of the 'typewriter' keyboard, not the keypad number keys.) If the chosen numeric key is already assigned, you will be warned before the definition is replaced. To check your hot-key assignment, key Z, then S from the main display. You can also unassign a key, if you wish, from this display. Now that you've made an assignment, you can get back to the directory from anywhere by just hitting the numeric hot-key (the keypad is okay for this now.) You can even select your assigned directory as the destination for a copy/move operation from anywhere just by hitting the hot-key. ^Left/^Right (more commands!) ^Left and ^Right give you another kind of 'hot-key' - they may normally be used to 'cycle' the file display through the last few directory/drive combinations you've worked from. DV Tree maintains up to a maximum of four destinations for this feature. ┌───────────────────────────┐ │ DIRECTORY CUSTOMIZATION │ └───────────────────────────┘ DV Tree offers a feature called Directory Customization based on the idea that file directories often contain different types of data, and you may therefore often wish to arrange these types of data in different ways, primarily with respect to sort options. For instance, you might always want to see a directory containing a large number of reference documentation files sorted alphabetically, regardless of the global sort options currently in effect. Likewise, the source code directories of a programmer - or the document directories of a writer - might best be viewed in descending date/time sequence. Through Directory Customization, this is easily possibly. Once customization is chosen, a small file in saved in the directory in question and then used by DV Tree on subsequent accesses. Options saved are: (S)ort options and directions, and (I)ncl and Mas(K) masks. To customize a directory, type Z from DV Tree's main screen, then (K)ustomize Directory. You will see the options DV Tree is prepared to save with respect ONLY to the current directory. To proceed with customization, select 'Customize Directory'. You can also use this screen to delete customization for the current directory (if it exists.) When directory customization is in effect, the word "Sort" above the 'Status' line on the display is replaced by "Cust". page -55- + (the plus key) Yes, this is yet another command! The plus key, on the main display, gives you a way to quickly toggle directory customization on and off for a customized directory you are currently viewing. (The 'parallel' of this command on the tree screen is the 'klipped/unklipped' tree toggle, also on the + (plus) key.) A final note: When a directory is customized, a small file is saved in that directory under the name DVTREE.DAT. If this file is deleted, either manually or by choosing 'Delete Customization' from the directory customization menu, the customization information will be lost. ┌────────────────────────┐ │ COMMAND LINE OPTIONS │ └────────────────────────┘ DV Tree will accept the following options on its command line (i.e., the Parameters: field of the Change A Program menu.) TREE=d:\fspec\filename This option can be used to tell DV Tree where to find it's files if your DV Tree directory is not c:\dv\dvtree, d:\dv\dvtree, or e:\dv\dvtree. (You can also do this with the TREE environment variable - see the section RUNNING DV TREE FROM DOS) FMAX=nnn This option may be used to override the Maximum # of files value in DV Tree's configuration file. This option (and TMAX=nnn) give you a way to customize multiple DV Tree PIFs for different memory needs. See also PERFORMANCE NOTES. TMAX=nnn This option may be used to override the Maximum # of directories per drives value set in DV Tree's configuration file. See also PERFORMANCE NOTES. RESET This parameter instructs DV Tree to destroy all previously built tree files and the DVTREE.CNF file (a last resort in cases when the page -56- program malfunctions due to inadvertently corrupted control files.) The command is confirmed before DV Tree proceeds. This option should not be placed in program PIF files - it should only be passed to the program by executing DV Tree from the DOS command line in a general-purpose DOS window. EXEC=S / EXEC=E N2.1 These parameters on the DV Tree command line allow you to change the assignment of the (E)xec command from the E key to either the ENTER key (EXEC=E) or the space bar (EXEC=S). OPP=d:\filespec N2.1 This option provides a way to automatically enter split screen mode and select a different subdirectory for display in the opposite side of the split at startup. Useful if you have more than one favorite place to begin work from. To just come up in split screen, use OPP=*. Related Tip: To control DV Tree's startup directory, place the filespec of the directory you first wish to see when DV Tree starts in the Directory: field in DV Tree's PIF by using Change a Program. DISP=n N2.3 (N2.2) This option gives you control over how DV Tree displays file names. By default, file names are shown contiguously in lower case with their extensions attached. The following are possible: DISP=1 ...causes file names to show in upper case. DISP=2 ...shows extensions in columns (ala DOS DIR). DISP=3 ...DISP=1 + DISP=2. NOHOP N2.3 This option disables the automatic directory and jump feature of the = (jump) commands. Available for compatibility with scripts, and for anyone who doesn't like the blinking mouse cursor. TROOT N2.3 This option causes DV Tree to create and maintain DVTREE_? (the tree files) in the root directories of all hard drives (rather than in the DV Tree 'home' directory). Functionally, it gives network users a way to maintain common tree files, but separate macro, hot-key, and other files. page -57- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ RUNNING DV TREE IN EGA/VGA HI-RES MODES │ └───────────────────────────────────────────┘ If you normally run in EGA 43 line, or VGA 50 line modes, you may experience problems when from time to time when DV Tree becomes the foreground application (specifically, you're suddenly kicked back into 25 line mode.) You can defeat this effect by changing the PIF for DV Tree using Change a Program and setting DV Tree's maximum AND starting window sizes to 43x80 or 50x80. (This advice from READ.ME, DV 2.26.) The only thing you lose by doing this is a little bit of memory, plus the technique used in the TZ version of DV Tree (DESQview Tree (Pop-Up)) of putting 22x30 in the starting window size to get the small window. You can overcome this, however, by 'Learning' a !Startup script for DV Tree that uses DESQview's Rearrange/Resize feature to set whatever window size you desire each time you start the DV Tree window. If you're unsure how to create this script, see the section on Learn in your DESQview manual. ┌────────────────────────────┐ │ RUNNING DV TREE FROM DOS │ └────────────────────────────┘ DV Tree provides you with two extra facilities to aid in running DV Tree from the command line in a general purpose (non-Writes Directly to Screen) DOS window: The TREE Environment Variable If you plan to run DV Tree from DOS often, and your DV Tree directory is not c:\dv\dvtree, d:\dv\dvtree, or e:\dv\dvtree, you will probably want to use the TREE environment variable so DV Tree can figure out where to find its files. The environment variable can be set in a batch file or from the command line with the following command: SET TREE=D:\DV31\DVTREE You of course should replace d:\dv\dv31\dvtree with the full filespec to the DV Tree directory on your system. @(Q)uit NIOS @Q is a variation on the (Q)uit command - the differences are that it doesn't ask you if you're sure, and it will 'quit' into the directory page -58- that is currently visible in the display. ┌─────────────────────┐ │ PERFORMANCE NOTES │ └─────────────────────┘ 1) The program information files included with DV Tree assume the default values of file max and tree max to be in effect. If the values are increased (via the FMAX/TMAX command line options, or internally through configuration), DV Tree's memory size values (both normal and system) may need to be increased using Change A Program. Conversely, a decrease in the values may allow the memory sizes to be decreased - DV Tree's memory usage can therefore be fine-tuned to an individual environment's requirements. In general, you can depend on the system displaying messages when an increase in values is required. For both program and system memory, gradual boosts by 1 or 2 K until the complaints stop are recommended. 2) When modifying normal memory via Change a Program, care should used to avoid going overboard. Any memory amount specified beyond about 116K will be wasted - this is the absolute limit of what the program can use. 3) In a cramped environment, copy/move operations use only a small 4K buffer, therefore these procedures may take longer on large files than other file copy methods. If memory is available, DV Tree acquires a larger buffer for copy/move operations, and you can tell the size of this buffer by watching a copy/move of a large file. ┌───────────────────────┐ │ NETWORK USAGE NOTES │ └───────────────────────┘ To the author's knowledge, DV Tree is compatible with all available network software. However, very large networks may have directory structures that are simply too large for the program to handle in any configuration. For users in a such a situation, DOS's SUBST may provide some remedy. On the positive side, DV Tree's TROOT command line option may be used to keep one copy of a tree file in the root directory of each drive so that it may be accessed by all users. With version 2.3, DV Tree will recognize when a tree file has been updated by another user or process and reload it where possible. It should also protect against one user 'undoing' another's update by asking whether it should proceed under such circumstances. Appendix A: DESQview Function Codes Reference --------------------------------- This Appendix is intended as a detailed reference source for the various codes that may be used in code strings for DV Functions. The codes are grouped and covered in order by the following categories: MAJOR CODES STRING REPLACEMENT CODES SPECIAL STRING REPLACEMENT CODES 'PIF' DIRECTORY CODES SPECIAL KEYSTROKE CODES SCRIPT INITIATION CODES DELAY CODES SPECIAL ACTION CODES 'HIDDEN' DESQVIEW FEATURE CODES ┌───────────────┐ │ MAJOR CODES │ └───────────────┘ %c Denotes command line input. All following characters and strings from replacement codes will be placed on the application's command line at startup. For any application that accepts a filename as its primary input on the DOS command line, all that is usually needed for the %c code is %c%p. %k Denotes keystroke input at startup. All following characters and strings from replacement codes will be 'typed' into the application at startup. This code may often need to be followed immediately by a delay code (&1-&9) in order to give the application time to initiate to a certain point. If the application requires 'unusual' keystroke input to load a file or switch to a directory, a script initiation code (&z-&v) may be necessary. Also, and very importantly, you must have enough memory in your system for DV Tree to remain resident (i.e. the starting program may not force DV Tree to be "swapped to disk".) If sufficient memory is not available, an attempt to initiate the application will produce an error message. N2.1 %A %A is much like %k, except that it applies only if the application is currently running (DV Tree 'knows' that it is running either through DVTXDI, or the fact that it started it earlier in the computing session.) Rather than start a new copy of the application, %A causes DV Tree to 'type' the following characters and strings into the active application. A delay code may often be necessary, and a script initiation will ALMOST ALWAYS be necessary. Important note: %A will be always be overridden by the %+ special action code. page -60- Every code string MUST begin with the %c code or the %k code. Beyond that, the three major codes may be 'mixed' in the code string in any fashion or order. The rule is that normal characters, string replacement codes, delay codes, and script initiation codes apply only to the previous major code. ┌────────────────────────────┐ │ STRING REPLACEMENT CODES │ └────────────────────────────┘ The primary objective of a DESQview Function code string is to allow DV Tree to load files into other DESQview Applications, and the string replacement codes are the 'heart' of this process. %p Expands into the full DOS filespec of the pointed-at file. This is probably the most important code of all. %s Expands into the (12-character) filename of the pointed-at file. It may often be a good idea to use %s along with %D PIF directory code instead of %p (for one thing, it can drastically shorten the length of the command line.) %x Expands into the filename minus the extension of the pointed-at file. %y Expands into the file extension of the pointed-at file. %n Expands into the full DOS filespec minus the drive specifier of the pointed-at file. (For programs that don't like drive qualifiers.) %d Expands into the full DOS filespec of the current directory. %d (also %o and %i below) provides a way to set up a DESQview Function at the directory level. %o Expands into the full DOS filespec minus the drive specifier of the current directory. (Again for programs that don't like drive qualifiers.) N2.1 %i Expands into the DV Tree (I)ncl mask for the current directory. (example: %d\%i will result in the current directory, a slash, and the (I)ncl mask.) page -61- ┌────────────────────────────────────┐ │ SPECIAL STRING REPLACEMENT CODES │ └────────────────────────────────────┘ N2.1 %@ Expands into the full pathname (or possibly a single filename) of the file containing a list of all files marked in the current display. This is also a special action code - please refer to the more detailed explanation in the special action codes section below. %? Allows you to insert variable text input (such as an output filename for an archival program like PKZIP). The window presented allows you to key 20 characters, and your input will be 'pasted' into the string at the position where %? occurs. N2.1 %Qnn (where nn = 01 - 99) %Q is a 'customizable' %? and acts in much the same way except that the input window is 'nn' positions long. Please note that 'nn' is two characters long, so to get an 8 character window, the code would be %Q08. ┌─────────────────────────┐ │ 'PIF' DIRECTORY CODES │ └─────────────────────────┘ These codes cause a value to be placed in the Directory.: field of the application's PIF at startup (just as if you had placed it there via Add/ Change a Program.) This field controls the DOS directory that the application perceives as its current directory. %D Puts the directory filespec of the current directory in the directory area of the starting PIF. %O Puts the directory filespec associated with THE OPPOSITE side of a DV Tree split screen in the directory area of the starting PIF. If the screen is not split, %O will have no effect (therefore, you can make it default to the current directory when not in split screen if you like by leaving the Directory.: field blank on the Change A Program screen (refer to note 1 below). Notes: 1) If the Directory.: field in the PIF is left blank, DV Tree will AUTOMATICALLY assume a %D code (unless %O). 2) Some programs with lots of data files will not like either of the codes (these are programs that require you to start them from a specific directory.) page -62- 3) These codes, combined with string replacement codes, can create subtly different effects: Example A: %c%p Example B: %c%s%D Assume these codes assigned to an ASCII text editor that accepts command line input in a 'normal' way, and the PIF's Directory.: = c:\work, and you start the application by hitting it's associated F-Key while DV Tree is pointing at c:\dos\startup.bat. In both cases, you would find yourself editing startup.bat, but if the text editor has a 'shell to DOS' feature, in example A you would find yourself in the directory c:\work, while in example B you would be in c:\dos. On the other hand, if you took c:\work out of the directory field of the PIF, the effects of the two examples would be identical (and a shell to DOS would put you in c:\dos.) ┌───────────────────────────┐ │ SPECIAL KEYSTROKE CODES │ └───────────────────────────┘ %e Effects an 'Enter' keystroke. %E Effects an 'ESC' keystroke. %% Inserts a single % (percent) sign. && Inserts a single & (ampersand) sign. N2.1 ┌───────────────────────────┐ │ SCRIPT INITIATION CODES │ N2.1 └───────────────────────────┘ &z This is a special and powerful keystroke code for use with the %k and %A major codes. &z provides a way for any combination of keystrokes to be sent to an application by exploiting DESQview scripts, or the Learn feature. This script may do almost anything a 'normal' DESQview script can do - that is, it can 'play back' recorded sequences of function keys, cursor keys, alt- keys, ctrl- keys, etc.. The only restriction on the script is that it may not enter a fixed- or variable- length pause and expect DV Tree to fill in the blanks (DESQview itself won't let this happen.) &z will execute the {255} script in the target window. See the section INTRODUCTION TO DESQVIEW FUNCTIONS for a step-by- step example of how to create a {255} script for any given application. page -63- &y-&v These codes are identical to &z except they execute {254} - {251} (counting backwards: &v = {251}.) For some applications, different scripts may be needed to fill different needs (for example, a {255} script at program startup, but a {254} script to handle file reload situations.) ┌───────────────┐ │ DELAY CODES │ └───────────────┘ Delay codes are intended to give an application time to reach a point when it is ready to accept input. Some applications actually flush a system's keyboard prior to waiting for a keystroke, and these sorts of applications will almost certainly require delay codes. These codes make sense only in string segments following %k or %A. &n (where n = 1 - 9): Causes DV Tree to pause for 1 - 9 seconds when sending keystroke input to the started program. N2.1 &.n (where n = 1 - 9): Exactly like &n, except the delay produced is of sub-second duration (i.e. %.5 results in a half second delay.) Note: &1.5 is NOT valid. (&1&.5 is) ┌────────────────────────┐ │ SPECIAL ACTION CODES │ └────────────────────────┘ These codes may be thought of as special directives to DV Tree to perform specific actions, and, with the exception of %@, they may appear anywhere in the code string. N2.1 (N2.3) %X??? (where ??? = a DOS file extension). %X allows a linkage to be established between the F-Key and a given file extension (???). Hitting the 'E' (EXEC) key while pointing at a file with the ??? extension will activate the function just as if the function key itself had been hit. For mouse users, this is an important code as it allows the mouse to activate a DESQview Function by clicking on EXEC. Please note that the three positions in ??? are meaningful; an extension of less than three characters must be padded with blanks if the %X is not the last thing in the code string. To specify a link to files with no extension, code %x. (a . followed by two spaces). To link a function key to more than page -64- one extension, see the section USING .EXT FILES. A final note: %Xbat, %Xcom, or %Xexe will 'override' the normal (E)xec command action for the extension in question. %+ This code tells DV Tree to automatically allow a second copy (or third, etc.) copy of the application to be started without asking questions. Without this code (or %A), an attempt to start an already running application will result in a window titled "Appl Already Active!" that gives you the choice of making the currently running copy the foreground application, opening a second copy, or closing the existing copy first. %+ absolutely negates the effect of any %A string. %q Instructs DV Tree to immediately end execution after starting the application - this should generally allow the application to run in the same memory space held by DV Tree, avoiding DESQview initiated swaps to disk in very memory-constricted systems. %q is only valid in a string following %c. %r Activates DV Tree's automatic directory refresh feature. The application will start normally and (most likely) become the foreground application in the system. %r will have no effect until DV Tree again becomes the foreground application, at which time DV Tree will reread its displayed directory (or directories) from disk. Please note that there are two other ways to make the same thing happen: 1) The utility program, DVTUPDAT.COM, run from another window (for example, at the end of a batch file that compiles and links programs in the background.) 2) The ^A configurable toggle which causes an update to always occur when DV Tree comes foreground. The following enhancements to %r were made in V2.3: N2.3 - By default, in split screen only one directory will be refreshed, allowing file marks in the opposite directory to be preserved. The affected directory will be the pointed-at directory *unless* the %O code appears before %r, in which case only the opposite directory will be reread. - To force a dual directory refresh, code %rb - Note: If the ^A (auto refresh) toggle is on, both directories will *always* be refreshed. N2.1 %R Disables DV Tree's automatic directory refresh feature on a one- time only basis. This code is intended to provide a way to selectively defeat the effect of the ^A toggle. page -65- N2.1 %Z Is a powerful special action code that tells DV Tree to perform the function recursively against ALL marked files in the display. You will almost always want to use it in conjunction with the %A code for an applications capable of handling multiple files at once, (or possibly for a small application with the %+ code.) The following examples are presented for Buerg's LIST program: %c%p%A&z%p%e%Z This will allow you to start or reload LIST with up to 10 files at once (LIST's maximum is 10 files, so if you mark more than 10, only the 'lowest' ten will be available.) %c%p%+%Z This will start a copy of the LIST application for each marked file. Not very recommended. If you've assigned %Z to an application, but no files are marked, %Z will be ignored and DV Tree will assume you want to initiate or reload the application with the single, pointed-at filename. N2.3 (N2.2) %P Forces replacement of an existing PIF parameter line with DV Tree's generated command line. Normally, DV Tree appends an existing PIF command line to the end of that generated by a code string. See also: %J. N2.3 (N2.2) %J Causes a DV Tree generated command line to be joined to the end of an existing PIF parameter specification. This is exactly opposite to the normal default action. See also: %P. N2.3 (N2.2) %Mnnn (where nnn = 3 digit numeric value). This code replaces the memory in K specified in the PIF at application startup with nnn and is potentially useful in situations where you might want to assign multiple F-Keys to the same application for different purposes (such as one for editing small files, another for editing very big files). Example: %M080. See also: %Nnnn. N2.3 (N2.2) %Nnnn (where nnn = 3 digit numeric value). This code replaces the memory in K specified in the PIF at application startup with nnn + the size of the pointed-at file, allowing for fine tuning of application memory usage based on input file characteristics. %Nnnn can be particularly useful with editor applications. See also: %Mnnn. page -66- N2.3 %L Causes DV Tree to 'lock' this function key to its associated extension(s). When this code is present and the F-Key is hit, an error message will be displayed if the pointed-at file's extension does not match the key's %X??? specification or an extension included in the optional .EXT file. Useful for applications that should only be used against certain types of files. N2.3 %T Associates the F-Key's 'uniqueness' with its alternate title as well as its Open Keys. This allows multiple F-Keys to be assigned to identical Open Keys with alternate titles and is particularly applicable to strings incorporating the %A code. N2.3 %n (where n = 0 - 9) causes expansion of user macro code string n. Note: If code string n is not defined, this code will have no effect. N2.1 %@ Provides a way to produce a file containing a list of all marked files in the display. %@ is specifically intended to support programs that accept an input file list, such as PKZIP. By default, the 'listfile' is created in the DV Tree home directory and contains the full pathnames of all marked files. The name of the listfile is also expanded, so in this way it is also a string replacement code. The following is an example for PKZIP: %c%Q08 @%@ %O%r This will: 1) Present an 8 character input prompt (%Q08) for the ZIP filename. 2) Tell PKZIP to work on an input file list (@). 3) Write the file and insert the name (%@) 4) Put the output file in the opposite split directory (%O) if the screen is split (else in the current directory if the Directory.: field in PKZIP's PIF is blank). 5) Refresh DV Tree's display when DV Tree next comes foreground. The %@ code has the following additional features and restrictions in order to support other possible uses: 1) If no files are marked in the display, the file list will be created with an entry for the pointed-at file. page -67- 2) %@%s - This will cause the file list to contain only 12 character file names instead of full filespecs. 3) %@%x - This will cause the file list to contain only file names minus extensions. 4) The various possible %@ strings (%@, %@%s, and %@%x) may be followed by a character string. If present, DV Tree will assume this string to be an alternate filename for the file list itself (instead of c:\dv\dvtree\pipe.lst, the likely default). If the filename does not contain full path information, it will be created in the current directory. 5) The %@ code, with or without the above subparameters, MUST be followed by a space (or be at the end of the code string.) ┌───────────────────────────────────┐ │ 'HIDDEN' DESQVIEW FEATURE CODES │ └───────────────────────────────────┘ The following are special action codes that exploit features of DESQview for which there is no option on the Change a Program menus (as of this writing.) %!n (where n = 1 - 9): The 'TAME' feature. Through this code, you can tell DESQview to give control of the processor to other programs after the application has polled the keyboard 'n' times during a single clock tick. Experimentation with this option may allow DESQview to run more smoothly in some cases where an application polls the keyboard waiting for input, but in other cases it can be debilitating to the program in question (a case in point is LIST which polls the keyboard while doing string searches). %- Starts the application in the background (Your DESQview version must be greater than or equal to 2.26). %h Starts the application 'hidden' (Again DV must be >= 2.26). Appendix B: Files Created and Used by DV Tree --------------------------------- DVTREE.CNF location: DV Tree directory This is DV Tree's main configuration file, containing such information as file/tree maximum values, global option values, and customized color configuration values. DVTREE_? location: DV Tree directory (where ? is a drive letter specifier). These files, created one per DOS logical drive, contain directory structure information for the related drive. DVT_MAC0 location: DV Tree directory This file contains DESQview Function definitions and codes. DVT_HOT0 location: DV Tree directory This file contains drive specifiers and pointers used by DV Tree's Directory Hot-Key feature. PIPE.LST location: DV Tree directory This file is created when a DESQview Function code string contains the %@ directive to create a list of marked files to be processed by the target application. DV Tree will never delete this file, but it will reuse it. DVTREE.DAT location: The 'customized' directory DVTREE.DAT files are produced by the Directory Customization feature as required and stored in the customized directories themselves. Appendix C: Error Messages Produced by DV Tree ---------------------------------- This appendix details some DV Tree error messages for which further information than that provided in the text may be helpful: "File error - Disk Full or DV Tree path invalid?" An error has occurred during an attempt to write a file. This message can occur if the 'TREE=' directory specified on the command line or through an environment variable does not actually exist. "Invalid Command on Directory" 'Normal' file management commands such as (C)opy may not be used on a directory entry in the file display. "Current Path too long!" DV Tree will not manage directories with full DOS paths exceeding 51 character positions in length. This is mainly due to DESQview's own limitation of 63 character maximums in the Parameters and Directory fields of PIF files. Unnecessarily long DOS pathnames are not generally recommended with DV Tree anyway, since they can radically increase the amount of System Memory required to display the tree window. "%.... - Invalid code(s) in string!" During an attempt to define or execute a DESQview Function, DV Tree has detected an invalid DESQview Function code. This message is prefixed with the portion of the code that begins with the invalid code (valid codes are documented in Appendix A.) "%.... - String expansion too long here!"; This message usually means that the expansion of the code string would exceed the maximum length of the Parameters: field in a DESQview PIF, and the usual cause is an 'involved' command line with the %p code expanding into a long DOS pathname. In this situation, a good way around the problem might be to replace the %p code with %s%D. This message begins with the code that actually produced the error. "Max Files reached - Hit ESC" The number of files in the directory (or found with the (F)ind command) exceeds the maximum number of files set in the program page -70- configuration (or by the FMAX= command line parameter.) DV Tree will continue operations normally, but the file list will be not be complete. "DV start error - Not enough memory?" This message occurs when DV Tree fails (for whatever reason) to initiate a DESQview Application via an F-Key. This message can be caused by DESQview's memory being 'fragmented' by non-swappable programs such as communications applications. (In such a situation, attempts to use DESQview's Open Menu to start the application should also fail.) "Unable to swap in Active copy" In attempting to execute a DESQview Function, DV Tree has failed to "swap in" a running DESQview application that is "swapped to disk". This could mean either that a non-swappable application is in the way of the target application, or that DV Tree itself is in the way. "Assigned PIF not found!" In attempting to execute a DESQview Function, DV Tree could not find the ??-PIF.DVP related to the DESQview Application's Open Keys. This could mean either that the PIF has been deleted (via Delete a Program), or that the .DVP directory in DV Tree's configuration is invalid. "Nobody under top-left corner!" A command, such as (P)rint or @ESC, was issued to pertain to the 'underlying' application, but DV Tree could not find another window beneath it. "Changes to file/tree max require restart." Changes to file max or tree maximum values will not take effect until you (Q)uit DV Tree and restart the program. Appendix D: Script Ideas for DV Tree ---------------------------------- This appendix contains DESQview scripts in text format that you might find useful for use with DV Tree. To use these scripts, you will either have to 'Learn' them yourself, or extract the statements from this text and use DESQview's CONVSCR program to convert them to binary format. See your DESQview manual for more information on the CONVSCR program. If you use scripts, you may also find something of value in the DVSCRIP1.ZIP archive distributed with DV Tree. A Script to assign ]-F (flip horz/vert) to alt-]: {Learn {Alt-[} "Flip Split Mode"} [f {Finish} A Script to quickly sort the file list by alpha ascending: {Learn {F11} "Sort Name"} snn {Finish} A Script to quickly sort the file list by date/time descending: {Learn {F12} "Sort Time Descend"} sdy {Finish} A Script to quickly sort the file list by extension ascending, then name ascending within the extension: {Learn {Alt-X} "Sort Extension"} {Alt-S}ennn {Finish} A Script to quickly get back to an unsorted display: {Learn {Alt-U} "Unsorted display"} su {Finish} page -72- A 'Move' script that answers the confirmation for you: {Learn {Alt-M} "Quick Move"} my {Finish} A 'Klip' script that answers the confirmation for you: {Learn {^K} "Quick Klip"} k{Enter} {Finish} A main DESQview script to give you a quick way to open DV Tree: {Learn {Ins} "Start DVTree"} otl {Finish} Note: The above script should be learned with DESQ menu visible. Once you've learned it, the INS key on the numeric keypad will bring up DV Tree anytime you have the DESQ menu up (assuming Num Lock is off.) A 'Delete entire directory' script: {Learn {Alt-D} "Delete Whole Dir"} {Enter} k*{Enter} d{Fixed-Pause 1}t{CursorPad Up}{Enter} t{CursorPad Down}d{Fixed-Pause 1} {Finish} Note: If you start the above script while pointing at a directory in the tree, the script will proceed to delete all files in the directory, switch back to the tree, make the directory just above it the current directory, then bring back the tree and delete the (original) pointed-at directory. It is highly recommended that if you use this script you keep the fixed-pauses in the script to give yourself an option to say 'N'. A 'ZIP entire directory' script: {Learn {Alt-Z} "Zip Whole Dir"} k*{Enter} {F6} {Finish} Note: You don't need this example unless you are using the %@ code for PKZIP. Also, be sure to change F6 in the example to your ZIP F-Key. page -73- A script that uses DV Tree's clone, command history, and file jump capabilities to 'imitate' a copy with rename: {Learn {Alt-R} "Copy w/Rename"} {Alt-C}c{Variable-Pause}{Enter} u={CursorPad Down}{Enter} my {Finish} Note: You'll probably need to use the NOHOP command line option for the above to work dependably. A useful script if you like running DV Tree in a small window (as in the TZ version of the PIF), but would rather bring DV Tree up full screen, but still have DESQview Zoom for getting quickly back to the smaller screen. {Learn {250} "!Zoom on Startup"} {DESQ}z {Finish}