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- PC-Draft-CAD (tm)
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- User Manual
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- Release 3.00
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- UNREGISTERED VERSION
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- (C) Copyright 1988,1989,1990 - All Rights reserved
-
- Natural Software
- 19 South Fifth Street
- St. Charles Illinois, 60174
- (708) 377-7320
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-
-
- _______
- ____|__ | (tm)
- --| | |-------------------
- | ____|__ | Association of
- | | |_| Shareware
- |__| o | Professionals
- -----| | |---------------------
- |___|___| MEMBER
-
- This program is produced by a member of the Association of Shareware
- Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle
- works for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem
- with an ASP member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to
- help. The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an
- ASP member, but does not provide technical support for members' products.
- Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at P.O. Box 5786, Bellevue, WA 98006 or
- send a Compuserve message via easyplex to ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536"
-
-
- LICENSE
-
- THE PC-Draft-CAD SOFTWARE AND MANUAL ARE COPYRIGHTED, ALL RIGHTS ARE RESE-
- RVED. YOU HAVE PURCHASED A LICENSE TO USE THIS SOFTWARE ON ONE MACHINE AT A
- TIME. YOU ARE AUTHORIZED TO MAKE COPIES OF PC-DRAFT-CAD FOR THE SOLE
- PURPOSE OF BACKING UP YOUR SOFTWARE AND PROTECTING YOUR INVESTMENT FROM
- LOSS.
-
- Note: this copy of PC-Draft-CAD is being distributed as ShareWare. This
- means that you may copy the disk just as you received it and you may give
- it to others for their trial use. You are also permitted and encouraged to
- upload this version to electronic bulletin board services. You may not,
- however resell or collect any fee for the distribution of PC-Draft without
- the permission of Natural Software. (This does not include the normal fees
- for using bulletin boards.) If you continue to use PC-Draft-CAD after your
- trial use, you must pay the purchase price as detailed below.
-
- WARRANTY
-
- THIS SOFTWARE WILL PERFORM AS DESCRIBED HEREIN ONLY IF PROPERLY APPLIED.
- OUR LIABILITY TO YOU IS LIMITED TO REPLACING THE SOFTWARE (FOR REGISTERED
- USERS ONLY). WE HAVE NO LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY DAMAGE OR LOSS, INCLUDING
- SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL, CAUSED BY THIS SOFTWARE, DIRECTLY OR
- INDIRECTLY.
-
- YOU AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE BY YOUR DECISION TO USE THIS
- SOFTWARE.
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- Table of contents
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- Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
- Shareware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
- What registered users get . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
- System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
- Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
- Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
- Microsoft Mouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
- Other Mice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
- Printers & Plotters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
- Files Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
- File Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
- Manual Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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- The Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
- Starting PC-Draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
- Context sensitive Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
- Cursor Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
- Cursor Increment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
- Suspend Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
- Change Cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
- Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
- Menu Selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
- Display Menu Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
- The Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
- The Drawing Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
- View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
- Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
- Clearing the Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
- Undo Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
- Re-do Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
- Saving Your Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
- Directory Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
- Ending PC-Draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
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- Parts of a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
- The drawing database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
- Database Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
- Drawing Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
- Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
- Object Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
- Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
- Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
- Internal
- Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
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- Drawing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
- Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
- Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
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- Multi-Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
- XLine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
- Parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
- Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
- Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
- Circle 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
- Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
- Ellipse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
- Arc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
- Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
- Kursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
- Mouse cursor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
- Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
- Undo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
- Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
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- Object commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
- Object Currency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
- Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
- Add Object from Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
- Pick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
- Move . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
- New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
- Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
- Copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
- Clone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
- Erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
- Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
- Rotate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
- Stretch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
- Mirror [X] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
- Mirror [Y] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
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- File commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
- Directory Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
- Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
- Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
- Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
- Macro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
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- View commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
- Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
- Shift Funct. Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
- Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
- Zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
- Zoom All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
- Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
- Pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
- View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
- Redraw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
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- Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
- Auto Redraw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
- Text Redraw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
- Fill redraw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
- Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
- Dline Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
- Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
- Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
- Snap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
- Line Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
- Line Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
- Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
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- Element commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
- Flash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
- Get Next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
- Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
- Endpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
- Midpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
- Adjust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
- Move End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
- Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
- Delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
- Restore command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
- Divide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
- Base set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
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- Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
- Using Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
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- Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
- Using Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
- Creating Macros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
- Suspend Cursor Increment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
- Relative [+/-] Cursor Increment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
- .MAC file structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
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- Printing & Plotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
- Printing Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
- Destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
- Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
- Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
- Device type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
- Printer resolution modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
- HP LaserJet+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
- WPG - GEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
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- Controlling Virtual Memory use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
- Maximum Storage Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
- Extended Memory in Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
- Swap File Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
- Swap File Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
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- Storage Overrides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
- Disable Disk Swapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
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- SVGA driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
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- Utility Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
- Conversion Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
- WPGCONV.EXE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
- DXF2PCD.EXE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
- Database Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
- PRTDATA.EXE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
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- Summary of Drawing Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
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- Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
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- Introduction
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-
- PC-Draft-CAD is a object oriented Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) utility,
- which is designed to facilitate a variety of drawing and drafting needs. In
- contrast to PC-Draft II (our bitmap (pixel) based "painting" program), PC-
- Draft-CAD is a full fledged "draw" program. It stores your drawing as a
- database of basic drawing elements such as points and lines.
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- Some of PC-Draft-CAD's features:
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- o You can produce scale drawings up to any size supported by your
- printer or plotter
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- o Built-in functions allow you to draw circles, lines, boxes, arcs,
- curves, ellipses.
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- o Automatic dimensions show distance in feet and inches or metric or
- decimal units.
-
- o PC-Draft is both menu driven and command driven -- all drawing com-
- mands may be selected from the menus or may be entered by a single
- keystroke command such as [C] to draw a circle or [L] for line.
-
- o You can record graphic keyboard macros for later playback.
-
- o You add text to your drawing with a variety of fonts.
-
- o You can print your drawings on a variety of printers and plotters
- including those compatible with IBM and Epson dot matrix, HP Laser-
- Jet+, HP DeskJet printers and plotters that support the HPGL plotter
- language. Also you can save the output to the printer in a file for
- later batch printing.
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- o You can export your drawings in GEM and WPG file format. These can
- then be directly imported into such Desk Top Publishing programs as
- Ventura Publisher and WordPerfect 5.0.
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- o Drawing grids are displayable at any spacing with optional "grid-lock"
-
- o A pop-up status panel shows x and y cursor position, as well as its
- relative position in feet and inches.
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- o Drawings are stored as a database composed of multiple layers. Each
- layer contains multiple objects. Each object is composed of multiple
- basic drawing elements such as circles and lines.
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- o You have full access to the drawing database to make changes to the
- values stored there.
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- New features for release 3.0
- ----------------------------
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- ° Support for VGA (640x480), EGA (640x350) & super VGA (800x600) 16
- color modes AND support for Hercules (720x350).
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- ° Colors are used to indicate the current element, object, and layer.
-
- ° Virtual memory: drawing size can be larger than conventional memory
- would allow, up to a theoretical maximum of 32 megabytes. The new
- virtual memory code uses your Extended or Expanded memory and/or pages
- to disk if necessary.
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- ° Improved Font file structure results in 90% memory savings.
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- ° Text elements can now be rotated at any angle, independent of the
- rotation of the current object.
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- ° New options allow you to skip Text and/or Fill patterns during screen
- regeneration.
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- ° Improved interface between the printer drivers and the main program
- result in faster printing and additional memory savings.
-
- ° Enhancements to the Double Line command make it easier to use for
- architectural plans.
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- ° The previous drawing command can be repeated by pressing the right
- mouse button or the Enter key.
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- ° Deleted drawing elements can be restored with the new restore command.
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- Shareware
- ------------
-
- PC-Draft-CAD is copyrighted. It is not a public domain program. It is being
- distributed as Shareware, which means that unmodified copies of the soft-
- ware and documentation may be freely copied and shared. We ask in return
- that should you find PC-Draft-CAD to be useful, you become a registered
- user. You become registered by sending $65.00 to:
-
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- Natural Software
- 19 South fifth Street
- St. Charles Illinois, 60174
-
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- Or call with your VISA or MasterCard number: (708) 377-7320. The file:
- ORDER.FRM on the disk can be printed and used as an order form.
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- Page 2 PC-Draft-CAD
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- What do you get by becoming registered?
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- What registered users get
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- o The latest version of the software without the introductory ShareWare
- screen.
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- o All utilities -- several utilities are not distributed as shareware:
- including:
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- gem--drv.exe converts drawings to GEM draw files
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- wpg--drv.exe converts drawings to WordPerfect wpg files
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- dxf2pcd.exe converts AutoCAD files to PC-Draft format
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- wpgconv.exe converts WordPerfect wpg files to PC-Draft format
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- prtdata.exe prints reports listing objects in the drawing database
- for job costing
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- o Free telephone support: You can talk directly to the author (Mike
- Allen). Many of the features in this latest version of PC-Draft came
- directly from suggestions and wishes from users. You can also communi-
- cate with the author via Compuserve. Send an EMAIL message to Mike
- Allen (PID: 70047,744)
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- o Free introductory membership to Compuserve including: your own private
- User ID and Password, $15 introductory usage credit, and free sub-
- scription to Compuserve's monthly member magazine.
-
- o The latest additions to the Font, Macro, and Object libraries: They
- require too much disk space to distribute with the Shareware version.
- And, as a registered user you will be notified when new libraries
- become available. Current libraries exist for Architectural use and
- electrical engineering use.
-
- o A typeset quality user manual profusely illustrated with drawings made
- with PC-Draft-CAD and full of helpful hints.
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- o As a registered user you will be informed of new versions of PC-Draft.
-
- The shareware philosophy is to pay smaller amounts for well crafted and
- useful software from developers who cannot spend the millions of dollars on
- packaging and marketing necessary to compete with the large software
- development companies. You benefit by being able to try a wider variety of
- software products to find the ones that suit your particular purpose. And
- the trial is free. The shareware developer benefits from being able to
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- Introduction Page 3
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- distribute his work to a wider audience than would be possible through
- normal channels.
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- Your share of the responsibility for shareware to continue, and to support
- the development of more and better products is to distribute your shareware
- programs to others and become a registered user of those products you like
- and use.
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- System Requirements
- ------------
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- PC-Draft-CAD is compatible with the IBM PC, XT, and AT and "true com-
- patible" microcomputers with at least 384k of memory and with MS-DOS or PC-
- DOS versions 2.0 or later. CGA, EGA, VGA, or Hercules Graphics Display
- Adapters are supported.
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- Expanded memory that conforms to LIM 3.x or LIM 4.x specifications and
- extended memory will be used automatically. If you do not have expanded or
- extended memory available, drawing storage will be paged to your hard disk
- as necessary.
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- Processor speed is an important factor with any CAD program and PC-Draft-
- CAD is no exception. Panning and Zooming the display causes a complete re-
- draw of the drawing. This may take several seconds with a 16Mhz 286 PC, or
- several minutes with a slower 8088 PC. A floating point co-processor will
- be used if installed in your PC. However, PC-Draft-CAD uses integer drawing
- coordinates, so the presence of the co-processor does not improve re-draw
- time very much.
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- Terminology
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- Brackets are used to indicate keystrokes. For instance: [Ctrl + PgUp] means
- to press the Control key and the PgUp keys together. Whereas: [F4][P][S]
- means to press those keys in sequence. The four arrow keys on the numeric
- keypad are indicated as: [v][<-][->][^]. Filenames are given in all upper-
- case such as: PATTERN1.PAT.
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- Installation
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- If you received your shareware copy of PC-Draft-CAD on diskette, there
- should be three EXE files: PCD-CAD1.EXE, PCD-CAD2.EXE and PCD-CAD3.EXE:
-
- To install on your hard disk (C:)
-
- 1 - Place the disk in drive A:
-
-
-
- Page 4 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- 2 - Enter: [C:] to make it your current drive.
- 3 - Enter: [A:INSTALL].
-
- To install on a two floppy system, you must have two formatted (empty)
- disks
-
- 1 - Place the disk in drive A:
- 2 - Place a blank disk in drive B:
- 3 - Enter: [B:] to make B: your current drive.
- 4 - Enter: [A:INSTALL].
- 5 - When prompted switch the disk in B:
-
- The install batch file creates a PCDCAD sub-directory and de-compresses the
- three EXE files. It then determines what kind of display type you have and
- automatically sets up a START.BAT batch file. You use this to start the PC-
- Draft-CAD program by entering the command: START. This batch file loads
- the correct display driver for your display type and runs the main program
- (DRAFT3.EXE), it then removes the TSR display driver from memory when you
- exit the main program. If the installation incorrectly identifies your
- display type, you must change the START.BAT file so that it loads the
- correct driver.
-
- There are currently four display drivers:
-
- CGADRV.COM supports CGA compatible display adapters
-
- VGADRV.COM supports EGA and VGA compatible display adapters
-
- SVGADRV.COM supports VGA adapters with at least 256K that support
- 800 x 600 x16 mode. With this driver, your mouse cursor
- may not display (most mouse drivers know nothing of
- extended VGA modes). If this is the case, you must use
- the full screen cursor (press [K] ), the mouse should
- still work for moving and selecting.
-
- HGCDRV.EXE supports Hercules Graphics Cards. This driver is NOT a
- TSR, it executes DRAFT3 directly and is not left in
- memory when you exit from DRAFT3.
-
- These are TSR programs (except for HGCDRV.EXE) that must be loaded before
- the main program is run. The START.BAT batch file normally does this. If
- you don't use the START.BAT, you simply run the correct driver program,
- then when you exit the main program (DRAFT3.EXE) you can remove the driver
- program from memory by running it again with the command line argument:
- /U. For example, to load the vga driver and run PC-Draft-CAD, the follow-
- ing commands would do the trick:
-
- VGADRV
- DRAFT3
- VGADRV /U
-
-
-
- Introduction Page 5
-
-
-
-
- The VGADRV.COM driver automatically detects whether you have a VGA or EGA.
- However, if you have a VGA and want to experience EGA mode (or there is a
- problem -- you have an EGA but it didn't detect it properly), you can force
- EGA mode by running the driver again and adding the command line argument
- /E. (Also the command line argument: /V forces VGA mode).
-
- In addition to the drivers discussed above, the executable PC-Draft program
- consists of the main program: DRAFT3.EXE and a configuration file:
- DRAFT3.CFG. Also, to use the on-line help feature, the file: DRAFT3.HLP
- must be available.
-
- These files must be on your current directory. If you are using a floppy
- disk based system, you must leave the diskette containing DRAFT3.CFG in the
- disk drive when you exit PC-Draft. Also, if you want to add text to your
- drawing, you must have at least one font file available.
-
-
- Microsoft Mouse
-
- If you have a mouse compatible with Microsoft's Mouse driver software, PC-
- Draft will automatically use the mouse if the mouse driver is loaded.
-
- Be sure the mouse driver is properly loaded (either with the CONFIG.SYS
- DEVICE=MOUSE.SYS command, or from the keyboard (or in your AUTOEXEC.BAT)
- run the MOUSE.COM program.
-
- Mouse movement emulates the arrow keys, the left button simulates the [F2]
- key (to pop-up the menus), the right button simulates the [Enter] key (to
- terminate drawing commands and to select drawing modes when in zoom mode),
- and both mouse buttons pressed together simulates the [Esc] key to exit
- from a menu or process.
-
- Some IBM (not so) compatible systems do not initialize the mouse interrupt
- so that, if you do not have a mouse installed, the system will hang when
- PC-Draft calls this interrupt to tell if a mouse driver is loaded. If this
- happens to you, load PC-Draft with a command line argument: -M, such as:
-
- DRAFT3 -M
-
- This will cause PC-Draft to not even attempt to determine the presence of a
- mouse.
-
- Other Mice
-
- Most other brands of mice should work as described above if:
-
- 1. They can be configured to emulate Microsoft's Mouse driver or:
-
- 2. You can setup your mouse to:
-
-
-
-
- Page 6 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- a. convert movement into the appropriate arrow key.
- b. simulate the [Enter] key with the right button.
- c. simulate the [F2] key with the left button.
- d. simulate the [Esc] key with both buttons (or the third button?).
-
- Please let us know if you have a problem with your mouse.
-
- If you do not have a mouse and intend to do much work with PC-Draft, it is
- strongly recommended that you get one. You'll love the difference.
-
- If you are using the cursor keys instead of a mouse, it is strongly recom-
- mended that you use one of the many shareware or public domain keyboard
- speedup programs available. This will make cursor movement around the
- graphics screen much nicer. If you have an IBM AT, look for SETKEY.COM on
- your bulletin boards. If you have and XT or compatible, look for
- QUICKEY.COM. Both of these were published in PC Magazine and can be down
- loaded from their BBS. Also the shareware programs:
-
- FASTKEY.COM from:
-
- Biologic Corp.
- P.O. Box 1267
- Manassas, Virginia 22110
-
- and KBFIX2.COM from:
-
-
- Skip Gilbrech
- 90 Lexington Ave. #10-G
- New York, NY 10016 ( Compuserve: 71445,534 )
-
-
- Printers & Plotters
- ------------
-
- The current version of PC-Draft-CAD will work with several families of
- printers for graphic output. Some printers which claim to emulate the IBM
- Graphics or Epson dot matrix do not support all resolution modes, so you
- will have to experiment to see which is appropriate for your brand.
-
- Any plotter that accepts Hewlett Packard's HPGL plotter language will work
- with PC-Draft.
-
- If you plan to use a dot matrix printer, you must rename one of the printer
- configuration files (such as EPSON240.CFG) to: PRINTER.CFG. This file is
- used when printing to determine the resolution mode to use and the control
- codes appropriate for the printer. Refer to the chapter Printing and
- Plotting for more detail on these configuration files.
-
-
-
-
-
- Introduction Page 7
-
-
-
-
- Refer to the READ.ME file on the disk for possible information about
- additional printer support.
-
-
- Files Used
- ------------
-
- The only necessary files used by PC-Draft are the graphic display drivers,
- then main code file: DRAFT3.EXE and the configuration file: DRAFT3.CFG (and
- DRAFT3.HLP to use the help function). All other files are optional. (Well,
- sort of. Text added to your drawing will not display unless you have loaded
- a font file. Therefore, the file: SIMPLEX.FON must be accessible, normally
- it is in a sub-directory named: FON). Once you have loaded a font, the next
- time you run PC-Draft the same font will be loaded automatically. When you
- print your drawing, you must select one of the printer driver files (one of
- those whose filename matches ?????DRV.EXE).
-
-
- File Names
- ------------
-
- The file naming conventions used are also optional. However, it is recom-
- mended that you follow them. When PC-Draft saves a file of a particular
- type, say a font file for instance, it uses the appropriate filename
- extension unless you override it by entering a different extension. This
- helps prevent accidental data loss by overwriting files and by loading the
- wrong type of file.
-
- The default filename extensions are:
-
- Drawing files: filename.DWG
- Font files: filename.FON
- Object library files: filename.LIB
- Macro files: filename.MAC
- Printer Drivers: ?????DRV.EXE
- GEM files: filename.GEM
- WordPerfect files: filename.WPG
- AutoCAD data exch. format .DXF
-
-
- Manual Organization
- ------------
-
- The next two chapters of this manual: The Basics and Parts of a Drawing
- discuss the basic knowledge you need to begin using PC-Draft-CAD. You
- should read these first. The following chapters are organized around the
- main PC-Draft menu choices.
-
- o The Drawing Commands chapter shows how to add new drawing elements
- (lines, circles, rectangles, etc.) to a drawing.
-
-
-
- Page 8 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- o The Object Commands chapter discusses how to make changes directly to
- the drawing database and how to manipulate drawing objects (logical
- collections of drawing elements).
-
- o The File Commands chapter covers those commands which save and load
- data in files on your disk, including saving your drawing, loading
- fonts, creating and replaying macros.
-
- o The View Commands chapter shows the various ways to change the current
- view (screen window) of the full drawing.
-
- o The Options chapter discusses the configuration information such as
- line width, grid and snap. These affect other drawing commands.
-
- o The Element Commands chapter shows how to find and change individual
- drawing elements.
-
- o The Print Commands chapter covers how to set up the parameters for
- printing and how to print drawings to scale.
-
- o The Controlling Virtual Memory chapter shows how to set certain
- environment variables to control the way PC-Draft handles expanded or
- extended memory and paging to disk.
-
- o The SVGA driver chapter discusses the special "Super VGA" driver for
- 800 by 600 pixel 16 color modes.
-
- o The Utilities chapter discusses the available conversion utility
- programs which allow you to import drawings from other formats into
- PC-Draft-CAD, and utilities for accessing the drawing database.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Introduction Page 9
-
-
-
-
- The Basics
-
-
- There are a few basic things you must know to start using PC-Draft and
- begin making your own drawings. This chapter will give you a quick over-
- view. Each drawing command and other parts of the PC-Draft system will be
- covered in more detail in later chapters. Before starting to create a
- "real" drawing, you should read the chapter on Parts of a Drawing, to gain
- an understanding of the structure of a drawing database. This understanding
- will affect the way you proceed in making a new drawing.
-
-
- Starting PC-Draft
- ------------
-
- To start PC-Draft, type the command: START with the files START.BAT,
- DRAFT3.EXE and DRAFT3.CFG on the currently logged drive. This batch file
- automatically loads the graphic display driver, runs DRAFT3.EXE, then
- removes the TSR driver from memory when you exit PC-Draft. The Copyright
- notice will appear for a moment, then it will display the graphics screen.
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
- You may also start PC-Draft with an optional command line arguments which
- control checking for a mouse driver (-M), checking for display type (-H)
- and which specify a drawing file to load. Remember, you must load the
- appropriate display driver first. For example the commands:
-
- VGADRV
- DRAFT3 -M DWG\HOUSE.DWG
-
- loads the VGA/EGA graphics driver and then runs PC-Draft without checking
- for the mouse, and loads the drawing: HOUSE.DWG in the DWG sub-directory.
-
- The configuration file: DRAFT3.CFG contains your previous filename choices,
- printing modes and scale, and the drawing options: snap, grid, grid spac-
- ing, auto-draw status, default line width and style.
-
-
-
- Context sensitive Help
- ------------
-
- The help file: DRAFT3.HLP contains help text explaining each menu choice
- and option. When you press the [F1] key (when no menu is displayed) you
- see:
-
-
-
- Page 10 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
- ( a summary of all keyboard commands )
-
-
-
-
- When a menu is showing, move the menu cursor to a menu option and press
- [F1] for help on that specific topic.
-
-
- Cursor Movement
- ------------
-
- The cursor will appear as a small cross in center screen. Press the cursor
- movement keys on the numeric keypad (or move the mouse) to move about the
- screen.
-
- Initially, the cursor will move 8 dots for each key pressed. As you move
- the cursor you will notice that the X and Y location is shown in the
- control panel at screen right. Also shown is the current cursor increment
- value. With a mouse, the cursor moves smoothly along with the mouse move-
- ment. You may find that for precise positioning, the arrow keys give you
- more control.
-
- Cursor Increment
-
- The amount the cursor moves (in dots or pixels) is called the cursor incre-
- ment. To change the cursor increment value, enter a number (using the top
- row of number keys, or press [Num Lock] to use the numeric key pad keys).
- For instance, enter 24 to cause the cursor to move 24 dots for each cursor
- movement keystroke.
-
- You will quickly get into the habit of adjusting the cursor increment value
- to a larger number to quickly move to a new position on the screen, then to
- a smaller number (try 1) for detailed work.
-
- Suspend Cursor
-
- Pressing the [S] key Suspends the current cursor increment value, causing
- the cursor to move one dot at a time. Pressing [S] again restores the
- increment value. This allows you to quickly change from coarse to fine
- movements and is also useful when creating graphics keyboard macros as
- described below.
-
-
-
-
- Basics Page 11
-
-
-
-
- Change Cursor
-
- There are two cursor types (more if you have a mouse). Initially, the
- cursor appears as a small cross. Press [K] ([K]ursor) to change the cursor
- to a full screen cross. This cursor type is helpful when positioning lines
- and objects in line with other elements in your drawing. Press [K] again to
- toggle between the two cursor types. If you have a Microsoft compatible
- mouse, you can change the mouse cross cursor by pressing [Alt + C]. Press
- it again to change to the next cursor type. Each press of [Alt + C] changes
- to a new form of mouse cursor until you return to the first one. You can
- still use the full screen cursor by pressing [K].
-
- This command is also helpful for locating the cursor. Sometimes when a
- complex drawing is displayed, it is hard to find the small cursor on the
- screen. Simply press [K] twice to flash the full screen cross.
-
- Home
-
- Press [H] to move the cursor to center screen.
-
-
- Menu Selections
- ------------
-
- Initially, the eight main menu selections are displayed across the top of
- the screen. To make a selection, press its corresponding function key. For
- instance, press [F2] (or the [/] key) (or left mouse button) to display the
- pop-up Draw functions menu.
-
- With the pop-up menu displayed you may now:
-
- 1. Press the Escape key: [Esc] (both mouse buttons), to exit from a menu
- without making a choice.
-
- 2. Select a choice from the menu by:
-
- a. press the [L]etter in brackets for your choice.
- b. use the arrow keys: [^] and [v] to move the reverse video cursor
- to select your choice. Then press [Enter] (or either mouse
- button) to make your selection.
-
- 3. Press the left or right arrow keys: [<-] or [->] to move to another
- menu (or move the mouse right or left).
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 12 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
-
- For example; press [F2], then press [B] for the [B]ox command, then press
- [Enter]. The Draw menu will disappear. Now, move the cursor. A box will
- form with its diagonal corners determined by the original cursor position
- and the opposing current cursor position. When you are satisfied with the
- final position of the box, press [Enter] (right mouse button)
-
- to complete the [B]ox command.
-
- Most of the other menus work the same, press the function key, then up and
- down arrows, then [Enter].
-
- Note: With a mouse you never have to touch the keyboard to make
- drawing selections. Simply press the mouse left button to pop up the
- drawing menu and make your selection by moving the mouse up or down
- and pressing the mouse right button to select. The initial cursor
- position or starting anchor for the drawing command selected will not
- be moved as your are making menu selections.
-
- You can also pop up a menu by moving the cursor to the top of the screen
- under the top menu bar. When you press the right mouse button the menu
- immediately above the mouse cursor will pop up.
-
-
- Display Menu Bar
-
- By pressing the [F1] key, you can pop-off the menu bar to allow full screen
- drawing. When you press [F1] again, the menu bar will pop-up again. The
- drawing obscured by the menu, will be untouched, but inaccessible, until
- you pop-off the menu.
-
-
- The Control Panel
- ------------
-
- The panel along the right side of the screen shows:
-
- o the drawing name, current layer name, current object name,
- o the current cursor increment value (C = 8),
- o the status of the suspend (cursor increment) function,
- o the status of: Grid, Snap, and Autodraw,
- o the status of Text and Fill re-draw (if "OFF", text/fills will not be
- redrawn during screen regeneration.
- o the current X and Y cursor location, in absolute drawing units and in
- feet and inches (or meters) relative to the origin point of the
- current object,
- o the width and height of the current screen in drawing units,
- o the current view number,
- o the amount of free memory in bytes.
-
-
-
-
- Basics Page 13
-
-
-
-
- You can pop-off the control panel by pressing [Alt + P] for full screen
- drawing.
-
-
- The Drawing Area
- ------------
-
- View
-
- The full drawing area is represented internally as a 32768 by 32768 grid.
- Normally only a portion of this full area is shown on the screen at one
- time. This is the current view. By zooming in and out, and panning, you can
- change the view and draw on any portion of this grid. The basic unit of
- measurement on the drawing grid is called a "Drawing Unit". In other words,
- the full drawing area is 32768 drawing units square. The View Commands
- chapter discusses how to move around the full drawing area and how to used
- the shifted function keys to jump to different saved views.
-
- Scale
-
- You determine the relationship between drawing units and "real world units"
- such as feet and inches by setting the drawing scale. This is actually a
- ratio between drawing units and inches. This scale determines the smallest
- increment in real world units that you can position drawing elements.
- Initially, PC-Draft is configured with the drawing scale set to 0.0625.
- This means that the distance between each drawing unit is 0.0625 of an inch
- (1/16 inch). So, the finest detail you can reach in the drawing is 1/16
- inch. With this setting, the real world dimensions of the full drawing is
- 171 feet square.
-
- You can change the drawing scale by accessing the drawing database. Press:
- [F3][D] to open the database window. (This window will not stay open unless
- there is at least one drawing element created.) The current drawing scale
- is shown at the top. Press [Return] to move the cursor to the scale field,
- and enter a new value. The [Esc] key exits from this window. For example,
- if you do not need 1/16 inch resolution, or you need to draw an object
- greater than 171 feet in one dimension, you can change the scale ratio to
- 0.25. This makes each drawing unit equal to 1/4 inch (1 / 4 = 0.25) and the
- full drawing area 683 feet square. If your are using metric dimensions, it
- makes sense to set the drawing scale to a multiple of 10. For example, set
- it to 0.1 to make each drawing unit equal one tenth centimeter.
-
- Note: the drawing scale should not be confused with printing scale.
- Refer to the chapter on Printing and Plotting for a discussion on
- output scale.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 14 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- Clearing the Drawing
- ------------
-
- To clear the drawing, press the [F9] key. A warning pop-up will ask if
- you're sure. Press the [Y] key for [Y]es, if you are.
-
-
- Undo Command
- ------------
-
- Whenever you have performed some drawing operation that changed the drawing
- in a way you did not expect (you goofed), you can press [U] to Undo. This
- erases the last drawing element added to the drawing. The previous element
- in the database then becomes the current element. Each time you press [U]
- another element is erased working backward through the drawing database.
-
-
- Re-do Command
- ------------
-
- You can restore any "deleted" drawing element by pressing [Alt+U].
-
-
- Saving Your Work
- ------------
-
- Once enough of your masterpiece is constructed to make you nervous about
- losing your work, you should save it to a file on disk.
-
- 1. Press the [F4] key to pop-up the File menu.
-
- 2. Select [D]rawing to save your drawing.
-
- 3. Then, select the operation from the next pop-up: [S]ave.
-
- 4. Then, enter a filename in the next pop-up. Enter any valid
- DOS file path specification, including drive and sub-direc-
- tories unless you want to save the file on the currently
- logged drive and path.
-
- Simply enter a filename such as: "DRAWING1.DWG" or "A:SUBDIR1\DRAWING1.DWG"
-
- PC-Draft will save your drawing as: DRAWING1.DWG (See note below for
- directory searches.)
-
- 5. Press [Enter] to complete the operation.
-
- Once you've done this a few times, the operation of saving and retrieving
- drawing files should become easy, intuitive and obvious with the help of
-
-
-
-
- Basics Page 15
-
-
-
-
- the pop-up prompts. The method is the same for other file operations such
- as saving and retrieving object libraries or macro files.
-
- Directory Search
-
- When entering a filename for any file operation, you can enter a wildcard
- filename mask with '*' characters. When you press [Enter], a list of all
- files that match the filename mask will be displayed. For example enter
- DWG\*.DWG:
-
-
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
-
-
- Also you can automatically add the wild card to the path by pressing either
- the up or down arrow keys [^] or [v].
-
- To search the directory other than the current one, enter the DOS path
- information, for instance to refer to the directory containing font files,
- enter: "FON\", then press [^] or [v]. (You must have the '\' at the end.)
- The search path will be expanded to: FON\*.FON. Press [Enter] to display
- the FON directory.
-
- Other useful keys to use when entering filenames:
-
- o [<-] and [->] move the cursor non-destructively.
-
- o Backspace [<-] moves left destructively.
-
- o The [End] key moves the cursor to the last character.
-
- o The [Home] key moves to the first character.
-
- o The [Esc] key restores the field to its original contents.
-
- o Press [Ctrl + End] to clear the field from the cursor position to the
- end.
-
- o The [Ins] key toggles insert/overwrite mode.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 16 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
-
- Ending PC-Draft
- ------------
-
- Press [F10] to exit PC-Draft. If you have made changes to your drawing but
- not yet saved it, a warning pop-up will ask if you want to do so. If
- everything is safely saved, when you press [F10] you will immediately be
- returned to the DOS prompt.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Basics Page 17
-
-
-
-
- Parts of a Drawing
-
-
- When you draw lines, arcs, circles, etc. to create a new drawing, what you
- are actually doing is adding data to a drawing database. This chapter
- describes the various pieces of the drawing database and defines the
- terminology used in this manual. It is important that you know the internal
- structure of the drawing database because it will determine the best method
- to create your drawing.
-
-
- The drawing database
- ------------
-
- Each drawing database is stored in one DOS file. The drawing database is
- composed of four hierarchical levels of components. These are: Layers,
- Object Nodes, Objects, and Drawing Elements. You might say that:
-
- "A drawing is composed of one or more layers which has one or more
- object nodes, each of which refers to one object from a pool of one or
- more objects each of which is composed of one or more drawing ele-
- ments".
-
- Each component can be given a name which will be displayed on the control
- panel. The other attributes of each component are described below.
-
- The Drawing itself has a Scale attribute (discussed in the previous chap-
- ter) which determines the ratio between drawing units and real world
- dimensions.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 18 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
-
- Database Window
- ------------
-
- You can view and modify values in the drawing database by opening the
- Database Window. Press [F3][D] to open it. This window will not stay open
- unless at least one element has been drawn.
-
- You can move the cursor from field to field by pressing [Enter]. The [Tab]
- key moves to the next component. If there is more than one component, such
- as layers, you can page through them by pressing [PgUp] or [PgDn] (while
- the cursor is within the component area). You can learn more about the
- database window by reading the Object Commands chapter.
-
-
- Drawing Components
- ------------
-
- "A drawing is composed of one or more layers:"
-
- Layers
-
- Layers provide a method analogous to the manual drafting technique of
- overlays where different logical subsystems are drawn on separate sheets.
- For example, an architectural floor plan may have a separate overlay for
- electrical, mechanical, and structural subsystems.
-
- In addition to its name, each layer has a status attribute. This is set to
- either "ON" or "OFF". When "ON", the objects in the layer are drawn and/or
- plotted. When "OFF", the objects in the layer are not drawn. This allows
- for temporary elements such as "construction lines" which you do not want
- to appear in the final printed drawing. Or, using the architectural ex-
- ample, you may turn the electrical layer "ON" along with the basic floor
- plan layer to print the electrical plan, then turn the electrical layer
- "OFF" then the mechanical layer "ON" to print the mechanical plan.
-
-
- "A layer is composed of one or more object nodes:"
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Basics Page 19
-
-
-
-
- Object Node
-
- An object node describes the position, scale, and angle of rotation for
- each object that is a part of the current layer. This mechanism allows for
- the smallest possible storage requirements (memory and disk space) for
- drawings. As you copy objects in your drawing, new object nodes are created
- in the drawing database. The object itself (which takes up more internal
- space) is only stored once. The coordinate (x and y) values determine where
- the actual object will be drawn. When an object is moved, scaled, or
- rotated, the values in the object node are changed. The object itself is
- not changed.
-
- The object node attributes: Name, Origin, Scale, and Angle may be changed
- in the database window. Also shown are the number of elements in the
- referenced object and the object extent (the overall size of the object in
- drawing units).
-
-
- "Each Object Node refers to one object from a pool of one or more objects:"
-
- Objects
-
- Objects are logical groupings of drawing elements which together make an
- entity which can later be copied, moved, scaled and rotated. Each object
- has an origin. The elements which make up an object (lines and circles) are
- drawn in relationship to this origin. The object origin is usually the
- original cursor position when the object was begun.
-
- You can use the libraries of objects that come with PC-Draft to select
- objects to add to your drawings. And, you can create object libraries of
- you own. (See the Object Commands chapter.)
-
-
- "each of which is composed of one or more drawing elements."
-
- Elements
-
- Drawing elements such as lines, circles, boxes, text, etc. are composed of
- drawing coordinate values which define their size and orientation within
- the object. In addition there are other attributes appropriate for each
- element type such as line width, line style, font scale (for text ele-
- ments), offset (for dimension elements). The coordinate values are ex-
- pressed in drawing units and are relative to the origin of the object.
-
- Internal
- Structure
-
- It may be helpful to visualize this hierarchy of drawing, layer, object
- node, object, and element, by looking at a diagram of the actual internal
- structure:
-
-
-
- Page 20 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- ┌───────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌─────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐
- │Drawing │ │Layer │ │Obj Node │ │Object │ │Element │
- ├───────────┤ ├──────────────┤ ├─────────┤ ├─────────────┤ ├──────────────┤
- │name │ │name │ │x, y │ │name │ │x1, y1, x2, y2│
- │# layers │ │shown (Y/N) │ │*object ──>│# elements │ │type │
- │scale │ │ │ │scale │ │*root_element─>│line style │
- │x1, y1, │ │# objects │ │angle │ └─────────────┘ │line width │
- │x2, y2, │ │*root_obj_node─>│*prv_obj │ │*prv_element │
- │cur_view; │ │*prv_layer │ │*nxt_obj │ │*nxt_element │
- │view[10] │ │*nxt_layer │ └─────────┘ └──────────────┘
- │*root_layer─>└──────────────┘
- └───────────┘
-
-
- The structure of a typical drawing with four layers is shown below. Note
- that layer one has five objects (object nodes). Also not how object nodes
- simply act as place holders in a drawing, indicating position, scale and
- angle of the actual objects. On the right side of the drawing are the
- actual objects. Note that object D is replicated in two positions in the
- drawing. It is referenced by both object node one and three (by using the
- Object Copy menu choice). Objects C and F are not used in this drawing.
-
-
- ┌─────────────┐ ┌────────────────┐
- │OBJECT NODE 5│ ┌─>│ OBJECT A │
- ┌─┴───────────┐─┤ │ └────────────────┘
- ┌─────────┐ │OBJECT NODE 4│──────┘ ┌────────────────┐
- ┌────────┐ ┌─┴───────┐4│ ┌─┴───────────┐─┤ │ ┌─>│ OBJECT B │
- │DRAWING │ ┌─┴───────┐3├─┤ │OBJECT NODE 3│────────┘ └────────────────┘
- ├────────┤ ┌─┴───────┐2├─┤ │ ┌─┴───────────┐─┤ ├─┘ ┌────────────────┐
- │Scale │ │LAYER: 1├─┤ ├─┘ │OBJECT NODE 2│─────────┐ │ OBJECT C │
- │4 Layers->┼─────────┤ ├─┘ ┌─┴───────────┐─┤ ├─┘ │ └────────────────┘
- │ │ │[ON] off ├─┘ │OBJECT NODE 1│─────────┐ │ ┌────────────────┐
- └────────┘ │5 Objects ────>├─────────────┤ ├─┘ │ ├──>│ OBJECT D │
- └─────────┘ │Object #4 ─────────────┼─┘ └────────────────┘
- │Location │ │ │ ┌────────────────┐
- │Angle ├─┘ └────>│ OBJECT E │
- │Scale │ └────────────────┘
- └─────────────┘ ┌────────────────┐
- │ OBJECT F │
- └────────────────┘
- ├ Object Library ┤
-
-
- This has given you a top-down view of the internal composition of a
- drawing. The importance of these concepts will become more clear as you
- begin to create more complex drawings. Actually your initial experience of
- drawing with PC-Draft provides a "bottom-up" view. The first line you draw
- becomes the first drawing element of the first object of the first object
-
-
-
-
- Basics Page 21
-
-
-
-
- node of the first layer in the drawing. At first none of these has a name.
- You can give them a name via the [D]atabase option from the Objects menu.
-
- You could continue adding new elements to the drawing until the complete
- drawing is finished. However, this would result in a drawing with only one
- object which encompasses the full drawing. It is a much better practice to
- logically group drawing elements into objects. For example, lets say you
- want to draw an office layout showing the position of desks and movable
- partitions. You would begin by creating a set of separate objects such as a
- desk, chair, and partition. Then you would copy each object as needed at
- different positions on the drawing.
-
- You can save the objects you have created for use in other drawings with
- the save object command: press [F4][O][S] (for File Commands, Object, Save)
- and enter a filename for the object library.
-
- You can also use objects from the object libraries that come with PC-Draft:
- press [F4][O][R] (for File Commands, Object, Retrieve) and enter the
- filename. This loads the object library into memory. Then you can pick an
- object from this library by pressing: [F3][A] (for Object Commands, Add
- from Lib.). A window will pop up showing the names of all the objects in
- the library. Move the reverse video cursor to the one you want and press
- enter. The selected object will be drawn in the location of the cursor.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 22 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- Drawing Commands
-
-
- This chapter discusses each drawing command in detail. You will be using
- these drawing commands when constructing objects. As you draw, each new
- drawing element is added to the current object. If you want to add elements
- to other objects, you must change to that other object (via the Next Object
- command or the Database window). Refer to the Element Commands chapter for
- commands which manipulate existing elements.
-
- PC-Draft provides both a menu based and a command based user interface. As
- you begin to learn how PC-Draft works you may find the drawing menu useful
- in selecting the various commands. But as you become more proficient, you
- will probably find the single key command method easier and faster.
-
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
-
- Commands
-
- Each basic drawing operation can be specified in two ways. You can press
- [F2] (or mouse left button) to choose from the Draw menu, or you can press
- the mnemonic character associated with the command. For example to select
- the line command either press [F2] then press [v] enough times to move the
- menu selection bar down to the "[L]ine" choice, then press [Enter] or you
- can choose from the menu by pressing: [F2][L][Enter]. Or don't use the menu
- at all: simply press [L] (the single key command mode).
-
- Most drawing operations follow the same sequence of operations:
-
- 1. Position the cursor to a starting anchor point.
- 2. Select the drawing command.
- 3. Move the cursor to the desired ending point.
- 4. Press any key other than cursor movement or numeric key to complete
- the operation.
-
- The [Esc] key will abort the drawing operation.
-
- Remember, at any time while moving the cursor, you can fine tune
- cursor movement or speed up cursor movement by pressing the numeric
- keys to change the current cursor increment. Also you can press the
- [S] key to [S]uspend the cursor increment for fine work, and the [K]
- key to change cursor type.
-
-
-
-
- Basics Page 23
-
-
-
-
- You can repeat the previous drawing command by pressing the [Enter] key or
- the mouse right button. For example, if you draw a box, you can immediately
- draw another box by positioning the cursor to the first box corner, press
- [Enter], then move to the opposite corner and press [Enter] to complete the
- command.
-
-
- The most basic drawing element is the line. There are several ways to add
- lines to a drawing layer.
-
- Line
-
- The method for drawing lines is typical of most drawing commands, involving
- these four steps:
-
- 1. Move the cursor to one end of the future line.
- 2. Press [L] to start the line.
- 3. Move the cursor to the other end.
- 4. Press [Enter].
-
- I think you get the idea.
-
- The line is drawn using the current settings for line width and line style.
- Please refer to the chapter on Options to see how to change these settings.
-
- Multi-Line
-
- If you want to draw several connected line segments, use the [M]ulti-line
- command. Press [M] to start, move the cursor to the end point, press
- [Enter] to anchor that end, move to the next end point, press [Enter], and
- so on. Press [Esc] to end the multi-line command.
-
-
- XLine
-
- This draws two lines parallel to each other. This function is useful when
- drawing walls. The distance between the two lines is controlled by the
- "Dline Width" option on the Options menu. You enter the width between lines
- in terms of the current dimension unit. For instance, when drawing archi-
- tectural plans, enter a width of 4 inches for wood stud walls.
-
- You start this command from the keyboard with [Alt + L].
-
- You can select from 4 different line ending styles for each end of the
- double line. This lets you merge double line elements at corners and other
- intersections. The Four end styles are numbered from 0 to 3 as follows:
- (The x represents the coordinates for the dline element)
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 24 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- Style 0: This is the default, the lines end at the element coordinate
- (as they did before):
-
- -------------------
- x x
- -------------------
-
- Style 1: The top line extends longer, the bottom line is shorter:
-
- -----------------------
- x x
- ---------------
-
-
-
- Style 2: The top line is shorter, the bottom line is longer:
-
- ---------------
- x x
- -----------------------
-
-
- Style 3: Both lines are shorter:
-
- ---------------
- x x
- ---------------
-
- When you draw a double line element a popup dialogue box lets you enter the
- end style for each end of the double line. You are first asked to enter the
- FIRST end then the SECOND end. This means that if you drew the double line
- element from left to right, the left end is "FIRST". The sense (first and
- second ends) of vertical lines is similar. You can change the end styles
- later via the DataBase access box.
-
-
- Parallel
-
- This draws a single line parallel to the previous element in the sequence
- of drawn elements.
-
- Box
-
- Press [B] to begin the [B]ox command. The starting position is one corner
- of the box, the ending cursor position is the opposite corner.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Drawing Commands Page 25
-
-
-
-
- Circle
-
- There are two circle commands. This version uses the center point and one
- point on the circumference. Press [C] to draw a circle. The starting
- position is the center of the circle. Move the cursor outward to establish
- the diameter and press [Enter].
-
- Circle 2
-
- This draws a circle from three points on its circumference. Press [I] to
- start the circle 2 command, an X will temporarily appear to mark the first
- point, move the cursor to the second point, when you press [Enter] the
- second point will be marked with an X. Then move the cursor to the third
- point and press [Enter] to draw the circle through the three points. You
- may press [Esc] at any time during this process to cancel the command.
-
- Two methods are used to draw circles: fast and slow. The Fast method does
- not adjust to different screen aspect ratios. If circles do not appear
- round on your screen or when printed, you should change to the slow method.
- To select the slow method you select the circle chord option from the
- options menu and enter a chord value other than zero. This value should be
- less than zero, such as: 0.05. The smaller this value, the longer it takes
- to draw the circle.
-
- Regardless of which method you use to draw a circle, the center point and
- one point on the circle's circumference are stored in the database.
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
- Dimension
-
- This command creates automatic dimensions. When you select this option from
- the menu (or press the [D] key) a sub-menu will allow you to select either
- horizontal or vertical dimension. Then a second sub-menu lets you select
- from one of two methods. The cursor method allows you to select the points
- to be dimensioned. When the cursor method is chosen, you then must select
- the two points in your drawing by moving the cursor and pressing [Enter]. A
- small circle will appear at each point to mark its location. The element
- method uses the endpoints of the current element as the dimensioned points.
- Once the two dimension points are determined, you then move the cursor to
- the place where you want the dimension line to be drawn, then press
- [Enter]. The final step is to specify the text scale to use for the
- dimension label. Once all this is done the dimension will be drawn with
- witness lines, arrows and distance shown in feet and inches.
-
-
-
-
- Page 26 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- Note: You must load a font file for the text portion of the dimension
- to appear on the screen.
-
- Ellipse
-
- From the keyboard you start the ellipse command with [E]. As you move the
- cursor, the area of the ellipse is indicated by a rectangle. Move the
- cursor outward to establish the size of the ellipse and press [Enter]. Why
- use the rectangle instead of the ellipse shape? We decided that drawing,
- erasing, and re-drawing the actual ellipse shape as you move the cursor was
- too slow, interfering with the normal flow of drawing. Note that when you
- rotate an object that contains an ellipse, the corner points that define
- the ellipse are rotated not the drawn ellipse. This may cause unexpected
- results. For this reason, it may not be a good idea to use the ellipse in
- objects that may later be rotated.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Arc
-
- There are two arc commands. The normal [A]rc command draws an interior arc
- always less than 180 degrees. Exterior arcs (greater than 180 degrees) may
- be drawn with the alternate arc command: [Alt + A].
-
- a. Position the cursor to the center of the arc.
- b. Press [A] or [Alt + A] to start the arc command.
- c. Move the cursor outward to establish the diameter. (See note below.)
- d. Press [Enter] to set the diameter and first end point of the arc. A
- temporary X will mark this point.
- e. Move the cursor to establish the second end point of the arc and press
- [Enter].
-
-
- Note: Arcs are always drawn clockwise. This means that the radius
- of the arc is determined by the point that makes the smaller
- angle from the center point.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Drawing Commands Page 27
-
-
-
-
- Text
-
- To add text to your drawing, position the cursor and press [T] to enter
- [T]ext mode. You can use backspace and the [<-] and [->] arrow keys for
- simple editing. Press [Enter] to accept the text string. After entering the
- text string, you will be asked to enter an angle value. This value deter-
- mines the rotation or angle the text is displayed. For instance, to display
- the text vertically (written from bottom to top) enter a value of 90
- (degrees). This value can be changed later via the Database window.
-
- You will then be asked to enter a scale value. This determines how big to
- draw the text. Enter the text scale (a scale of 1, produces text 64 drawing
- units in height -- about average), and press [Enter]. You can modify the
- text string and the scale via the database window from the Objects menu
- (see the Object Commands chapter).
-
-
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Kursor
-
- This command toggles the cursor shape back and forth from the small x (or
- current mouse cursor shape) to the full screen cross. From the keyboard
- press [K].
-
-
- Mouse cursor
-
- If you are using a MicroSoft compatible mouse, this command changes to a
- different cursor shape. From the keyboard press [Alt + C]. Each time you
- press [Alt + C] a new cursor type is selected until you reach the first one
- again.
-
- Color
-
- This command only works for CGA displays. If you have a VGA or EGA display,
- refert to the color menu selection on the options menu discussed below.
-
- It changes the foreground color to one of the possible 15 standard IBM
- Color Graphic Adapter colors (except black of course). From the keyboard
-
-
-
-
- Page 28 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- press [Ctrl + F1]. Each time you execute this command, the color is cycled
- to the next in the list, eventually repeating.
-
- Undo
-
- As discussed above in the Basics chapter, this command deletes the current
- element. For example if you just drew a new line (it is then the current
- element), pressing [U] for Undo will delete that line from the drawing
- database and erase it from the screen. Refer to the Elements Commands
- chapter to learn how to make a particular element the current one (and how
- to un-delete or "re-do").
-
- Fill
-
- This command fills a rectangular area with a repeating pattern. Once you
- have selected the area to fill (just like drawing a box) you select the
- pattern from one of the library objects or from one of the objects in your
- drawing. The special object library called PATTERN1.LIB contains objects
- specially constructed for use as patterns.
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
- After specifying the rectangular area to fill the object selection window
- automatically pops up. If you have an object library loaded, its objects
- will be shown. If no object library is loaded, or if you press the [ESC]
- key, the object list from the drawing will be shown. Select one of the
- objects to be used for the fill pattern.
-
- By using regular objects as fill patterns, you have total freedom and
- control in designing and modifying them. To see how the PATTERN1.LIB object
- library was created, load the PATTERN1.DWG. You will see that each object
- is drawn so that when it is repeated in a gridwork it will form a con-
- tinuous pattern. The object chosen to act as a pattern fill is simply
- redrawn over and over to fill the rectangular area. The width of the object
- and its origin point determines the location of each redrawn instance.
-
- Also the starting point is calculated from an absolute offset from the
- upper left corner of the entire drawing grid - not the corner of the
- rectangular fill area. This allows for smooth combinations of the same
- pattern when fill areas are overlapped to fill non-rectangular areas. In
- other words, the bricks will always line up correctly when filling areas
- next to each other.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Drawing Commands Page 29
-
-
-
-
- Object commands
-
-
- Objects are logical groupings of drawing elements. This chapter describes
- how to perform operations on drawing objects, such as scaling, rotating,
- copying, moving, and changing actual data values in the drawing database.
- All of these commands are accessible from the Objects menu by pressing the
- [F3] key.
-
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
-
- Object Currency
-
- An important concept to understand is Currency. By this we mean that a
- particular drawing component is the active component. As you draw, new
- elements are added to the current object. The last element drawn is the
- current element. New elements and objects are added to the current layer.
- The name of the current component (Layer, Object) will appear in the
- control panel (if they are named).
-
- Database
-
- This option on the Object menu, opens a window showing a view into the
- drawing database. You can examine and change the data there directly. For
- example you can change the names of the drawing, layers and objects. When
- you open this window, the current components are shown.
-
- The [Tab] key moves the cursor from one component type to the next. Reverse
- [Tab] moves backward among components. [Enter] moves to the next field.
- When there are more than one instance of a component, the [Pg Up] and
- [PgDn] keys page forward and backward through the instances. When you press
- [Enter] at the last field, the cursor will move (wrap) to the first field
- in the window, unless the current element type is Text. In this case a
- window will open showing the current text string (which you can modify).
-
- You can directly modify values in the drawing database by moving the cursor
- to the field and entering the new value. For example, you can change the
- location of a line's endpoint by moving (with [Tab] and [Enter]) to the X1
- field of the element component section and entering a new x coordinate
- value.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 30 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- When the cursor is in the element type field, the up arrow [^] and down
- arrow [v] keys change the element type to another valid type. You could
- change a line into a circle or a box into an ellipse.
-
- The [^][v] keys also are used to change the layer status field. This field
- determines whether the layer is to be drawn or not. Move the cursor to this
- field and press [^][v] to change to ON to display and print that layer or
- to OFF to not display or print it.
-
- Some fields cannot be changed. The Drawing Extent and Object Extent
- indicate the current drawing area used, and the size of the current object.
- They cannot be changed.
-
- New layers, objects, and elements may be created by pressing: [Alt+N] (with
- the cursor in the proper component window). You must enter meaningful data
- if you make a new object or element.
-
- Layers, objects and elements may be deleted by pressing: [Alt+D] (with the
- cursor in the proper component window).
-
- When you exit the database window (by pressing the [Esc] key) the com-
- ponents shown become current.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Add Object from Library
-
- This command allows you to select an object from the currently loaded
- object library to add to the drawing. You must first load an object library
- (to retrieve an object library, press: [F4][O][R] and enter the filename of
- the object library). When you select the Add<-Lib function a menu with the
- names of all the objects in the library is displayed. Select an object by
- moving the reverse video cursor with the mouse or the cursor keys and press
- [Enter]. The selected object will be added to the drawing and drawn using
- the current cursor position as the object origin. This object will then be
- the current object.
-
-
-
-
- Drawing Commands Page 31
-
-
-
-
- Pick
-
- This allows you to select an existing object from the drawing to make it
- the current object. The Move, Erase, Copy and Rotate commands all operate
- on the current object. If the selected object is one that had been deleted
- from the drawing, it will be reinstated with its new origin at the current
- cursor position.
-
- Move
-
- This moves the current object origin to the current cursor position. To use
- this command you should:
-
- 1. Select the current object (with the Pick command or via the [Alt+O]
- keyboard command).
-
- 2. Position the cursor where you want the object to be.
-
- 3. Execute the Move command.
-
- New
-
- This starts a new object. A box pops up to let you give the new object a
- name. This new object then becomes the current object and each new element
- from that point on is added to that object. The direct keyboard command:
- [N] will accomplish the same.
-
- Origin
-
- This lets you change the origin of the current object. Once you have
- created an object there may be a more convenient location for the origin,
- when moving and copying the object. Position the cursor to where you want
- the new origin to be, then select the Origin command.
-
- Copy
-
- This creates a new object node in the drawing which points to the current
- object. In other words, the current object is copied. The location of the
- new object is determined by the cursor location when the command is
- executed. Position the cursor where you want the origin of the new object
- to be. This new copy is actually the original object re-drawn in the
- specified location. Changes made to this object affect the original object
- (and vice-versa).
-
- Clone
-
- This creates a new object in the drawing database identical to the current
- object. This is different from the Object Copy command which makes a new
- Object Node. With the clone command, the new object is a completely
-
-
-
-
- Page 32 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- separate new object with all drawing elements from the original copied to
- the new. Changes made to the new 'cloned' object affect only that object.
-
-
- Note: If you add new drawing elements to an object with multiple
- copies, the new elements are added to ALL copies of the object. This
- is because in the drawing database there is actually only one copy of
- each object. When copies are made, additional object nodes are made
- which simply act as place holders describing the location, scale and
- rotation of the particular instance of each copy of the object. (If
- you do add new elements to such objects, you must redraw to see the
- added elements in the other copies of the object.) If you do not want
- this duplication to happen, use the Clone command instead of the Copy
- command to make an actual new copy of the object.
-
- Erase
-
- This deletes the current object node from the drawing database. The actual
- object is not deleted, just its object node. You can add the deleted object
- back into your drawing with the Pick command.
-
-
-
- Scale
-
- This allows you to change the relative size of the current object. To
- double an objects size (from its original size as drawn) enter: 2 in the
- pop up window. to redraw the object at one half its original size, enter:
- .5, and so on. This new scale affects the individual object node only.
- Other copies of the same object are not affected.
-
- Rotate
-
- This allows you to enter the amount of rotation for the current object. For
- example enter 45 to rotate the object 45 degrees (counter clockwise) from
- its original orientation. You may enter a negative value to rotate clock-
- wise. This rotation affects the individual object node only. Other copies
- of the same object are not affected.
-
- Stretch
-
- This lets you stretch (or contract) an object in any direction. When you
- select this command, the current object is outlined by a box. Move the
- lower right corner of the box to indicate the new size for the object, then
- press [Enter]. This affects all copies of the object.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Drawing Commands Page 33
-
-
-
-
- Mirror [X]
-
- This reverses the current object in the x direction.
-
- Mirror [Y]
-
- This reverses the current object in the y direction. These commands affect
- all copies of the object.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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- Page 34 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- File commands
-
-
- This chapter discusses the various operations which access files on your
- disks. This includes saving and retrieving drawings, fonts, object librari-
- es, macros, and bit mapped objects. All of these commands are accessible
- from the File menu by pressing the [F4] key.
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
-
-
- Each file operation is performed in a similar manner:
-
- 1. Press the [F4] key to pop-up the File menu.
-
- 2. Select which type of file you wish to save or load, for example press
- [D] for drawing.
-
- 3. Then, select the operation type, (save or load) from the next pop-up.
-
- 4. Then, enter a filename in the next pop-up. Enter any valid DOS file
- path specification, including drive and sub-directories unless you
- want to save the file on the currently logged drive and path.
-
- You need not enter a filename extension. PC-Draft will automatically add
- the appropriate extension for you if you leave it off. Simply enter a
- filename such as: "DRAWING1" or "A:SUBDIR1\DRAWING1"
-
- PC-Draft will save your drawing as: DRAWING1.DWG.
-
- 5. Press [Enter] to complete the operation.
-
-
- Directory Search
-
- When entering a filename for any file operation, you can open a directory
- window showing all files that match a wild card mask. Press either the up
- or down arrow keys [^] or [v] to append the wild card and appropriate
- extension to the existing path.
-
- For example, when you are retrieving a drawing file, enter the directory
- path such as:
-
- C:\DRAFT\DWG\
-
-
-
- Drawing Commands Page 35
-
-
-
-
- then press the [^] key, this makes the path look like this:
-
- C:\DRAFT\DWG\*.DWG
-
- Then press [Enter] to display the directory:
-
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
- Other useful keys to use when entering filenames include: the
- [<-] and [->] keys move the cursor non-destructively; Backspace [<-] moves
- left destructively; the [End] moves to the last character. The [Ctrl + End]
- key clears the field from the cursor position to the end; The [Esc] key
- restores the field to its original contents. The [Ins] key toggles in-
- sert/overwrite mode.
-
- Drawing
-
- This menu choice lets you save or load drawing files. The default file
- extension for drawings is .DWG. Each drawing file contains all the layers,
- objects, elements that have been created at the time it is saved (of
- course). Drawing files also contain the ten saved views (called via the
- [Shift+Function] keys, and the current view. Therefore, when you load a
- drawing the last current view is displayed.
-
- Font
-
- This choice lets you load font files. The default file extension for fonts
- is .FON. All text in the drawing is drawn using the currently loaded font.
- If you load a different font, then re-draw, the new font will be used. You
- cannot save fonts. You can, however load a font file as if it were an
- object library. Then if you add each object from the library to a new
- drawing then save the objects as a new library, you can in the process edit
- the individual characters (each character is a separate object).
-
- Object
-
- This lets you save or load Object library files. The default file extension
- for object libraries is .LIB. An object library is simply a collection of
- objects. You can make your own libraries by selecting the [S]ave option
- from this operation. This will save all the objects currently active in the
- current drawing to the specified file.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 36 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- Macro
-
- This lets you save or load keyboard macro files. The default file extension
- for macros is .MAC. When you select the [S]ave operation, a macro file is
- opened and from that point on, each keystroke or mouse movement you make is
- saved in the file. You terminate this recording of keystrokes by pressing
- the [%] (percent) key. When you select the [L]oad operation, the specified
- macro is played back.
-
- This can be a very powerful device. Macros can be played back to create
- duplicate sets of drawing elements with different sizes by changing the
- cursor increment value. The chapter on macros discusses this in more
- detail.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
- Drawing Commands Page 37
-
-
-
-
- View commands
-
-
- This chapter discusses the various operations which change the view of the
- drawing as seen on the screen. This includes zooming, panning, saving
- views, and redrawing. All of these commands are accessible from the File
- menu by pressing the [F5] key.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
-
-
- Views
-
- When you start a new drawing, only a portion of the full drawing area is
- shown on the screen. This is the current view of the drawing. To draw on
- other areas you must change the view. You do this by zooming or panning.
- Zooming means: enlarge or contract the current view so that more or less of
- the full drawing is shown. You "zoom in" to increase magnification (co-
- ntract the view). You "zoom out" to decrease magnification (enlarge the
- view). Panning means: move the position of the view in relationship to the
- full drawing without changing magnification.
-
- The control panel indicates the current height and width of the current
- view.
-
- When you change a view by zooming or panning, the drawing must be redrawn
- to match the new setting. If the Autodraw flag is on, the drawing will be
- redrawn automatically. If the Autodraw flag is off, you must select the
- redraw command (described below) to cause the drawing to be redrawn.
-
- Shift Funct. Keys
-
- You can change the current view to one of ten saved views by holding down
- the [Shift] key and pressing one of the function keys ([F1] to [F10]).
- Initially when you start a new drawing, all ten saved views are the same as
- the opening screen. The control panel window indicates which of these views
- is currently displayed. When you zoom or pan, the current view information
- is updated for the corresponding function key.
-
- These view settings are saved with the drawing, therefore you may set up
- ten view settings that make sense for the particular drawing and when you
-
-
-
-
- Page 38 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- reload the drawing you may quickly move from one area of the drawing to
- another via these preset views.
-
- You may also change to one of these saved views by entering the view number
- directly as described below: The View command.
-
-
- Window
-
- This command allows you to zoom in by specifying a rectangular area to
- become the new view. This works just like the [B]ox command. Position the
- cursor to one corner of the area, select the window command (press: [W],
- then move the cursor to the opposite corner of the area to zoom, then press
- the [Enter] key.
-
- Zoom
-
- This lets you zoom in or out by specifying a zoom factor. For example to
- zoom in and magnify the current view by two and one half times, select the
- zoom command (press [Z] ) then enter 1.5, then press the [Enter] key. To
- zoom out, enter a number less than zero, for example enter .5 to double the
- area of the full drawing shown.
-
- Zoom All
-
- This adjusts the current view so that all objects are displayed. It uses
- the drawing extents values shown on the database window to determine the
- size of this full view.
-
- Center
-
- This adjusts the current view so that it is centered around the current
- cursor position.
-
- Pan
-
- This moves the current view laterally without changing its magnification.
- Select the Pan command (press: [P]) then move the cursor (like you were
- drawing a line) in the direction you want the view to be moved, then press
- the [Enter] key.
-
-
- View
-
- This lets you enter a view number (one of the ten saved views) and makes it
- the new current view.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Drawing Commands Page 39
-
-
-
-
- Redraw
-
- This forces a redraw of the drawing in accordance with the current view
- settings. If the Autodraw flag is off you must use this command to redraw
- the current view after zooms, pans, or after copying or moving an object.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
-
-
-
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- Page 40 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- Options Menu
-
-
- This chapter discusses how you may view or change various options and
- configuration information. This includes setting automatic redraw, grid,
- snap, and the current line width and style. All of these commands are
- accessible from the Options menu by pressing the [F6] key.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
-
-
- Auto Redraw
-
- This option determines whether the view of the drawing is redrawn on the
- screen after each change such as deleting, moving, rotating or scaling an
- object or changing the view with [Z]oom or [P]an. Because it may take
- several seconds to redraw a complicated view, it will be faster if you do
- several operations before redrawing. With Auto Redraw OFF, you can always
- manually cause a redraw via the views option: [F5][R]edraw
-
-
- Text Redraw
-
- This option allows you to speed up screen regeneration by skipping the
- drawing of text elements in your drawing. The more text elements you have
- and especially if you load a complex font such as the triplex font, the
- longer it takes to redraw the screen after pans or zooms. By setting this
- option to OFF text will not be drawn and you can pan and zoom faster.
- Select this option again (its a toggle) to turn text drawing back ON. The
- current setting is shown in the control panel.
-
-
- Fill redraw
-
- Similar to the above, this option allows you to speed up screen regenera-
- tion by skipping the drawing of fill elements in your drawing. By setting
- this option to OFF fill elements will not be drawn and you can pan and zoom
- faster. Select this option again (its a toggle) to turn fill drawing back
- ON. The current setting is shown in the control panel.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Drawing Commands Page 41
-
-
-
-
- Ratio
-
- This sets the aspect ratio to use when calculating distance in relationship
- to the actual pixel ratio of your display device. Normally, with an IBM CGA
- type display which is 640 by 200 pixels the ratio should be set to 1.6. You
- can adjust the ratio by turning on the grid (see below) and measuring the
- vertical distance between grid points compared to the horizontal distance
- and changing the ratio until the distance is equal.
-
-
- The correct aspect ratio for the various display types is as follows:
-
-
- Display Type Aspect
- Ratio
- CGA 640 x 200 2.40
-
- EGA 640 x 350 1.37
-
- VGA 640 x 480 1.00
-
- SVGA 800 x 600 1.30
-
-
- Dline Width
-
- This lets you set the width between the lines for the double line command.
- Depending on the current dimension unit set (US-Fractional, US-Decimal, or
- Metric) you enter the width you want the double lines to be drawn. For
- instance, when drawing architectural plans, enter a width of 4 inches for
- wood stud walls.
-
- Color
-
- With the CGA driver, this menu option has the same result as pressing
- [Ctrl+F1]. For VGA and EGA systems a sub-menu allows you to change the
- default color choices for all the different elements of your display. The
- color of the following screen elements can be set to any of the 16 possible
- EGA/VGA colors (the default color as shipped is shown in ()): Please refer
- to the chapter on Parts of a Drawing for a discussion of current elements
- and objects.
-
- Drawg fg (Blue) drawing elements in objects other than the current
- object.
- Drawg Bg (Lt.Grey) The basic background color for the drawing area.
- Object (Black) The current object.
- Element (Yellow) The current element.
- Panel Fg (White) Text color in the control panel, help window and data
- entry windows.
-
-
-
-
- Page 42 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- Panel Bg (Blue) Background color for control panel, help window and
- data entry windows.
- Panel Bx (White) color of box border.
- Highlght (Yellow) Highlighted color for root menu, and color of the full
- screen cursor.
- Menu Fg (Black) Text color for menus.
- Menu Bg (Lt. Red) Background color for menus.
- Error Fg (White) Text color for error message window.
- Error Bg (Red) Background color for error message window.
-
- You can change these colors by moving the menu bar cursor to the item you
- want to change then by pressing the left or right arrow keys to cycle
- through the 16 possible colors.
-
- After making changes to the drawing colors, you must perform a redraw
- [F6][R] to show the new colors. After making changes to the panel colors,
- you must re-display the panel by pressing [Alt+P].
-
- The color selections are stored in the DRAFT3.CFG file. If you make changes
- and end up with an unreadable combination such as black on black menu
- colors, you can always restore the "factory default" color selections by
- pressing [ALT+R].
-
- Or, you can copy the original copy of the configuration file (for VGA/EGA
- displays) VGAEGA.CFG from the installation diskette (renaming it to
- DRAFT3.CFG).
-
- Grid
-
- To aid in positioning the cursor in line with other elements in your
- drawing, press [F6][G] to specify a grid spacing in terms of feet and
- inches. The grid will be spaced horizontally and vertically accordingly.
- For example, enter [2] feet and [6] inches to set the grid spacing to 2'-
- 6".
-
-
-
-
-
-
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- Drawing Commands Page 43
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
-
-
- The grid is always drawn in relationship to the full drawing area rather
- than just the screen. This means that as you move the screen window the
- grid is redrawn and adjusted for that window with its starting point
- remaining at the upper left corner of the full drawing area.
-
- To turn the grid off, press [F6][G] again. The current setting (grid
- spacing) will remain in effect for the Snap command (see below) even when
- the grid is not displayed.
-
- Note: You can zoom in or out to the point where the grid points would
- be displayed too close together or not fall within the screen window
- at all. The grid points will not be drawn closer than four pixels to
- each other.
-
- Snap
-
- With snap on, the cursor will snap into position (as you add drawing
- elements) on a grid intersection (whether grid is on or not).
-
- Note: You can snap the cursor to the nearest grid point at any time
- (even if snap is "OFF") by pressing: [Alt+S].
-
-
-
- Line Width
-
- This value determines the width of all new lines added to the drawing. Once
- an element is drawn, you can change its line width via the [D]atabase
- selection from the Objects menu. This value is expressed in drawing units.
- Therefore the current drawing scale must be considered. For example if the
- drawing scale is set at: 0.0625 (each drawing unit represents 1/16 inch),
- if you want to draw a line that is four inches wide you would set the width
- to 64 (4 * 16)
-
- If you use an HPGL plotter to print your drawing, the line width value is
- handled differently. The line width, in this case, is used to select the
- plotter pen. The line width value must be from 1 to 6 to select pens 1
- through 6. This can be used to select pens of different color or different
- widths.
-
-
-
-
- Page 44 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- Line Style
-
- This value determines the style of all new lines added to the drawing. Once
- an element is drawn, you can change its line style via the [D]atabase
- selection from the Objects menu. There are seven line styles available:
-
- Style Number Description HPGL style
- ------------ ------------------ -----------
- 1 Solid Solid
- 2 Long Dash dotted
- 3 dotted medium dash
- 4 dash - dot long dash
- 5 medium dash dash - dot
- 6 dash - dot - dot dash - short dash
- 7 short dash dash - 2 shorts
-
- This style may be interpreted differently by different output devices. HPGL
- plotters have their own set of line styles. WordPerfect Graphic files and
- dot matrix printer output emulate these seven line styles. Consult your
- plotter manual for the line styles it uses for these values.
-
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
- Units
-
- This selection is used to set the type of dimension units used. You can
- select from US feet and inches, US-Decimal, or Metric. Also, once the type
- is selected, the precision can be set. The dimension precision determines
- the number of decimal places shown in automatic dimensions in the case of
- US-Decimal or Metric dimension types. In the case of US-Fractional dimen-
- sion type, the precision determines the smallest fraction displayed. For
- example, if US-Fractional dimensions are selected, enter 16 for the
- precision to display fractions of an inch down to 1/16. If you do not want
- any fractional part of the inch displayed, enter a zero for the precision.
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Drawing Commands Page 45
-
-
-
-
- When the dimension unit type is changed and/or when the precision is
- changed, the relative dimension shown in the control panel is adjusted
- accordingly.
-
- Note: When you change from US dimension types to Metric, it makes
- sense to also change the drawing scale to a multiple of 10. While not
- absolutely necessary, this makes for easier positioning of the cursor
- on even dimension unit boundaries. Also if you have Grid "ON", you
- should change the grid spacing to reflect the current dimension unit.
-
- The current dimension unit type determines how the printing scale value is
- interpreted by the various printer drivers. Therefore you must be aware of
- the current setting when you are ready to print. When set to US units, the
- printing scale is interpreted as fractions of an inch to the foot (ie: a
- printing scale of 4 means 1/4 inch equals 1 foot). When set to Metric
- units, the printing scale is interpreted as the scale ratio (ie: a printing
- scale of 10 means to print at the metric scale of 1:10).
-
-
-
-
-
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-
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- Page 46 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- Element commands
-
-
- This chapter discusses commands which act on individual drawing elements
- (lines, circles, etc.). This includes finding (and making current) a
- particular element; deleting, moving, or adjusting elements; and moving the
- cursor to (snapping to) an element. All of these commands are accessible
- from the Elements menu by pressing the [F7] key.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
-
-
- The first three commands help you locate or choose the current element.
- These commands may be used when moving the cursor to select a second point
- for any of the drawing commands. Note that you can display this menu and
- use these commands while in the process of moving the cursor to locate the
- second point for the drawing commands.
-
- Flash
-
- This flashes a box around the current element. You can use this command to
- locate which element is current in the drawing. Press [F] to flash the
- current element. Note that this does not work if the current element is not
- within the current view.
-
- Get Next
-
- This changes the current element to the next element in the current object.
- Each time you use this command (press [G]) the current element is changed
- and the new current element is flashed. You can also move backward through
- the list of elements by pressing [Alt+G].
-
- Search
-
- This makes the element in the current object closest to the cursor location
- the new current element. Position the cursor close to the end point of an
- element in the drawing and press [R] to search through the drawing database
- to find that element. When found, a box will flash around the element to
- indicate that it is now current.
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Drawing Commands Page 47
-
-
-
-
- The next two commands adjust the cursor position in relationship to the
- current element. These commands may be used when moving the cursor to
- select a second point for the drawing commands.
-
-
-
- Endpoint
-
- This moves the cursor to the closest endpoint of the element.
-
- Midpoint
-
- This moves the cursor to the middle point between end points of the ele-
- ment. In the case of box and circle element types, the cursor will be
- positioned in the center.
-
-
- These next commands modify the endpoints of the current element:
-
- Adjust
-
- This moves the current element to the cursor location. The endpoint closest
- to the cursor is found and moved to the cursor, then the other endpoint is
- adjusted accordingly.
-
- Move End
-
- This allows you to adjust one end point of the current element. The
- endpoint closest to the cursor is found and then you can move it to a new
- location just as if you were locating the second endpoint when originally
- drawing the element. Press [Enter] to end the command.
-
- Cross
-
- This command operates on two elements. It finds the intersection of the two
- elements and extends their endpoints to that intersection. You must first
- select the correct current element, then choose the Cross command
- ([F7][X]), then select the second element (via the [G]et next or sea[R]ch
- commands), then when you press the [Enter] key, the intersection will be
- found and the elements will be redrawn.
-
- Delete
-
- This deletes the current element. The preceding element in the database
- then becomes the current one. This command is the same as the undo command
- on the draw menu.
-
-
- Restore command
-
-
-
-
- Page 48 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- The Restore command "un-deletes" elements. You can choose this command from
- the Element menu or by pressing [ALT+U]. If you have deleted an element
- with the "Delete Element" command or the "Undo" command, this restores it.
- In release 3.0 of PC-Draft-CAD, elements are not actually deleted from the
- drawing database. When you delete ([U]ndo) an element it is marked as a
- deleted element and it will not be drawn or printed. If more than one
- element has previously been deleted, the next element in the drawing
- database marked as deleted will be restored. If you use the restore command
- and restore the wrong element, simply [U]ndo it and press [Alt+U] again to
- restore the next deleted element in the list.
-
- Note, that when you delete an object, it also is not really deleted.
- You can restore the deleted object by selecting it from the pick
- window (via the Objects menu). Only when you delete an entire layer
- are objects and elements actually deleted "for good".
-
-
- Divide
-
- This divides the current element into two new elements. The new end points
- for each new element are made from one of the original end points and the
- cursor position.
-
-
- This command does not modify any elements:
-
- Base set
-
- This resets the offset dimension shown in feet and inches in the control
- panel. It is useful to reset this before you start to draw a new element so
- that you can precisely measure the distance from the starting point of the
- element.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Drawing Commands Page 49
-
-
-
-
- Fonts
-
-
- With PC-Draft you can load a variety of fonts. Each font is stored as a
- file with a .FON extension.
-
-
-
- Using Fonts
- ------------
-
- You can load a font by pressing: [F4][F][L] for: "File menu, [F]ont,
- [L]oad". In the filename prompt box, enter: "FON\" and press [^] or [v] to
- step through the font directory. Press [Enter] to retrieve.
-
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
-
- Once you have loaded a font, the next time you run PC-Draft, the font file
- will be automatically loaded.
-
- To add text to your drawing, press [T] (for [T]ext). A text entry window
- will pop up. Enter the text string. When you press [Enter], you will be
- asked to enter an angle value. This value determines the rotation or angle
- the text is displayed. For instance, to display the text vertically
- (written from bottom to top) enter a value of 90 (degrees). This value can
- be changed later via the Database window.
-
- Next, you will be requested to specify the scale to use for the text
- string. Enter number - generally a 1 will result in average size text.
- Enter a larger number for larger text or a smaller number such as .25 for
- smaller text.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 50 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- Macros
-
-
- The Macro feature of PC-Draft provides a way to store a sequence of key-
- strokes in a .MAC file for later playback. MAC files are stored as normal
- ASCII text files and can be edited by your favorite text editor. As well as
- a way of saving drawing commands, macros can be used to provide a variety
- of interesting animation effects.
-
-
-
- Using Macros
- ------------
-
- To start the playback of a macro (for example use one of the samples
- supplied with PC-Draft), press [F4][M][L] and in the filename prompt box
- enter: [MAC\] and press [^] or [v] to step through the MAC directory. Press
- [Enter] to start. The sequence of keystrokes stored in the selected macro
- file will be immediately played back.
-
- By changing the current cursor increment value, and then replaying the
- macro, you can redraw a given shape larger or smaller (as long as the
- cursor increment value was not changed within the macro itself).
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
- Creating Macros
- ------------
-
- To start creating a new macro, press [F4][M][S], and enter a filename. When
- you press [Enter] to return to the drawing screen, each keystroke from that
- point on will be recorded and saved in the specified file.
-
- To end the recording of keys, press [%] (the percent symbol key). The .MAC
- file will be closed. You can then replay the macro in different positions,
- and with different cursor increment values.
-
-
- Suspend Cursor Increment
- ------------
-
- It is useful to be able to move one pixel at a time within a macro without
- actually changing the cursor increment value so that the macro can be
- replayed for different sized objects. This can be accomplished with the
- [S]uspend command to temporarily cause the cursor to move one dot at a
- time.
-
-
-
-
-
- Fonts Page 51
-
-
-
-
- Relative [+/-] Cursor Increment
- ------------
-
- Similarly, you can use the [+] and [-] keys to increment and decrement the
- cursor increment value to make changes relative to the value in effect when
- the macro is started.
-
-
- .MAC file structure
- ------------
-
- Macro files are created as standard ASCII text files and may be edited with
- your ASCII text editor (even EDLIN!). .MAC files simply consist of each
- keystroke as entered during their creation. Control keys are represented by
- their keyboard scan value as an ASCII character preceded by a "^" charac-
- ter.
-
- The common keystroke symbols are as follows:
-
- [F1] = ^; [^] = ^H
- [F2] = ^< [v] = ^P
- [F3] = ^= [<-] = ^K
- [F4] = ^> [->] = ^M
- [F5] = ^? [Home] = ^G
- [F6] = ^@ [End] = ^O [Enter] = (value 13)
- [F7] = ^A [PgUp] = ^I [Esc] = ^[
- [F8] = ^B [PgDn] = ^Q
- [F9] = ^C
- [F10] = ^D
-
- For example a macro to draw a box:
-
- B^Q^M^M^M^HS^P^P^P^P^MR^M^M^M^M^M^MS^PR^K^K^K^KS^H^ H^HS^H%
-
- Note that the macro file must end with the "%" terminator character.
-
- Mouse movements are handled somewhat differently in Macro files.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 52 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- Printing & Plotting
-
-
- PC-Draft will print your drawing using a variety of IBM or Epson compatible
- dot matrix printers or laser printers compatible with the Hewlett Packard
- LaserJet+ (Note that this includes HP's DeskJet printer). Plotters which
- accept Hewlett Packard's HPGL plotter language are also supported. This
- function is also used to save your drawing to files on disk in different
- graphics formats.
-
- You always print the portion of your drawing that is shown in the current
- screen window. Therefore you should adjust the current view so that the
- entire drawing or the portion you wish to print is visible. The printing
- function is evoked by pressing the [F8] key. The first menu choice lets you
- set various printing options:
-
-
- Printing Options
- ------------
-
-
-
- < Illustration >
-
-
- Destination
-
- This lets you set the DOS device used for printing. It is normally set to
- LPT1 or LPT2 to use the printer device. If you wish to immediately print,
- enter the device name such as LPT1 or LPT2.
-
- If, however, you wish to dump the printer control bytes to a file for
- later printing, enter the filename to use. You may include the optional
- drive and path designations. You can later print the file created by this
- method from outside of PC-Draft by the DOS command:
-
- COPY /B PRTFILE PRN
-
- Note: that you must use the /B option since the file is a binary file. For
- the same reason, do not use the DOS print command, since the file is a
- binary file containing byte values which may be interpreted by the Print
- program as tabs.
-
- This feature enables you to incorporate PC-Draft images into word proces-
- sors that allow sending files to the printer in the middle of the word
- processor document. It is also handy if you want to print several items at
- a time but do not want to wait on the slow speed of the printer. You can
- save all the images to files with a common extension (such as .PRT). Then
- later print them all with:
-
-
-
-
- Macros Page 53
-
-
-
-
- COPY /B *.PRT PRN
-
-
- Scale
-
- This allows you to set the scale to be used when printing or plotting. Note
- that when you are drawing, you are using "real world" dimensions. A line
- that is 5 foot 4 inches in the drawing will be plotted or printed at the
- scale you set. For example to print at a scale of 1/4 inch to the foot
- enter a 4 in the scale entry window. At this scale, the 5 foot 4 inch line
- will be 1 and 5/16 of an inch long.
-
- The current setting of the dimension unit option (See the Options Menu
- chapter) determines how the scale value is interpreted when you print your
- drawing. When the dimension unit is set to US units, the printing scale is
- interpreted as fractions of an inch to the foot (ie: a printing scale of 4
- means 1/4 inch equals 1 foot). When set to Metric units, the printing scale
- is interpreted as the scale ratio (ie: a printing scale of 10 means to
- print at the metric scale of 1:10).
-
- Orientation
-
- This determines whether the drawing will be printed in landscape or
- portrait mode.
-
- Device type
-
- This determines which device driver will be used to print or plot the
- drawing. You must enter the complete filename (including drive and path if
- necessary) for the appropriate printer driver program.
-
- DOT--DRV.EXE prints on any dot matrix printer that uses the Epson or IBM
- dot matrix graphics commands. This is a generic dot matrix printer driver
- which may be customized for different printers or resolutions.
-
- This driver uses a configuration file which contains the correct parameters
- and control codes for a particular printer. On the disk are different
- configuration files such as: EPSON240.CFG and IBMDM240.CFG. The number
- portion of the filename indicates the printer resolution in dots per inch.
- When printing directly from PC-Draft-CAD the program looks for a file:
- PRINTER.CFG. Therefore, you must copy the appropriate .CFG file to
- PRINTER.CFG (or rename it). For example, if your printer is compatible with
- the IBM dot matrix type printers, rename IBMDM240.CFG to PRINTER.CFG to
- print at a resolution of 240 dpi. When running DOT--DRV.EXE directly from
- the DOS command line, you can specify which configuration file to use: for
- example the command:
-
- DOT--DRV HOUSE.DWG EPSON120.CFG
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 54 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- prints the house drawing using the epson dot matrix printer configuration
- file (at 120 dpi). If you omit the second command line argument (the name
- of the config file) it will use the file: PRINTER.CFG.
-
- If the provided configuration files do not work with your printer, you can
- change them with any ASCII editor (such as EDLIN). The format for con-
- figuration files is 9 lines of numeric data (in decimal format), followed
- by optional comments. For example the file: IBM-DOT.CFG is as follows:
-
-
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
- 8 - page width -- For Generic IBM dot-matrix mode: 60 dpi
- 10.67 - page height
- 60 - horiz dots per inch
- 72 - vert dots per inch
- 3 - # of raster passes
- 8 - # of scan lines per printer pass (print head wires)
- 480 - # dots per 8 inch line (01E0 hex)
- 27 65 8 27 50 255 - line feed string (Esc 'A' 8 Esc '2')
- 13 10 27 75 224 1 255 - line setup (cr lf Esc 'K' E0 01)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
- The last two lines are the most likely to need changing for different
- printer types. Line 8 is sent to the printer once to set up the spacing
- between lines. Line 9 is sent to the printer at the start of each line to
- set graphics mode and determine the number of graphic bytes. The last
- number (255) on these last two lines is a terminator - so if you change or
- add data on these lines be sure the last number is 255.
-
- If you have a 24 pin dot matrix printer the value in the PRINTER.CFG file
- (copied from one of the sample configuration files provided) may have to be
- changed. The current value is 72 (dots per inch) which is common for nearly
- all 9 pin printers. Refer to your printer manual. If it indicates that your
- printer has a vertical resolution of 180 dots per inch (which is adjusted
- to 60 vertical dots per inch when emulation 9 pin modes) you should change
- the 72 to 60 in the file.
-
-
- HPLJ-DRV.EXE prints on Hewlett Packard's LaserJet+ or DeskJet printers.
-
- HPGL-DRV.EXE is for any plotter that accepts HP's HPGL. Use the [Small]
- menu choice for A size (8-1/2 by 11 inch). Use the [Large] menu choice for
- B size (11 by 17 inch) plots.
-
- The following device types are designed to convert your PC-Draft drawing
- into another CAD format. They are not meant to send output to the printer.
- You must specify a filename as the destination when using one of these
- output devices.
-
- GEM--DRV.EXE converts the drawing to a GEM Draw file.
-
-
-
- Printing Page 55
-
-
-
-
- WPG--DRV.EXE converts the drawing to a WordPerfect WPG file.
-
-
- Printer resolution modes
- ------------
-
- The current version of PC-Draft supports two resolution modes for the HP
- LaserJet and DeskJet printers directly from the menu. Printer resolution
- for dot matrix printers is controlled by the PRINTER.CFG file (see above).
- These two choices are represented on the menu as "Small" and "Large".
-
-
- HP LaserJet+
-
- (Also for HP DeskJet)
-
- [Small] prints at 150 dots per inch. (1200 dots/8 inch line.)
-
- [Large] prints at 300 dots per inch (2400 dots/8 inch line.)
-
-
- WPG - GEM
-
- Of great importance to users of DeskTop publishing programs like Ventura
- Publisher and WordPerfect 5.0, is the ability to export drawings in a file
- format that allows inclusion of graphics created with PC-Draft directly
- into DTP documents. The current version of PC-Draft support two such file
- formats: GEM Draw file format and WordPerfect WPG file format. Simply print
- your drawing using the WPG--DRV or GEM--DRV device as your printer choice -
- - you must give a filename (the filename should have an ".WPG" or ".GEM"
- extension).
-
- This manual (the printed and bound version) was created using WordPerfect
- 5.1. The illustrations of PC-Draft-CAD screens were made using PC-Draft II
- exporting GEM .IMG (bit mapped) files. The sample drawings were produced by
- exporting to WPG format.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 56 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- Controlling Virtual Memory use
-
-
- When PC-Draft-CAD starts it looks for an environment string named: PCDVM
- (for PC-Draft Virtual Memory). If that string is present, the contents of
- the string are used to override some of the default behavior of PC-Draft-
- CAD's virtual memory management. You add environment strings with the DOS
- SET command. For example the command:
-
- SET PCDVM = /M32/PD:\TEMP
-
- would set the contents of the PCDVM environment string to a typical
- configuration. If you use this feature, you will probably want to add the
- SET command to the START.BAT file.
-
- Each parameter in the environment string must begin with a '/' or a '-'.
- These introductory characters can be mixed and the parameters can be
- entered in any order and are not case sensitive.
-
-
- The valid virtual memory environment parameters are as follows:
-
-
- Maximum Storage Space: /Mn
-
- This parameter specified the maximum amount of storage space PC-Draft-CAD
- is allowed to use. 'n' specified total storage in Megabytes. For example:
-
- SET PCDVM = /M32
-
- tells PC-Draft that it can use up to 32 Megabytes of storage space. This
- includes both RAM storage and disk storage. The default value is 16
- Megabytes.
-
-
- Extended Memory in Use /Xn
-
- This parameter tells PC-Draft than 'n' kilobytes of extended memory are
- already in use. You may need to use this when you have a ramdisk in
- extended memory -- although PC-Draft usually can detect the presence of
- extended memory ramdisks. For example:
-
- SET PCDVM = /X256
-
- means that the first 256K of extended memory is not available for use by
- PC-Draft.
-
-
- Swap File Name: /Fxxx
-
-
-
-
- Printing Page 57
-
-
-
-
- This parameter sets the filename to use for the swap file. This file will
- be used to page drawing data to disk if extended or expanded RAM is not
- available. The default filename is HXXXXXXX.$$$. For example:
-
- SET PCDVM = /Fswapfile.tmp
-
- Tells PC-Draft to use the file SWAPFILE.TMP for its swap file.
-
-
-
- Swap File Path: /Pxxx
-
-
- This parameter sets the drive and sub-directory to use for the swap file.
- The default path is the root directory of the current drive. For example:
-
- SET PCDVM = /Pd:\temp
-
- Tells PC-Draft to place its swap file in the temp sub-directory on drive
- d:.
-
-
- Storage Overrides: /NOEMM, /NOEXT
-
- Normally if you have expanded memory, PC-Draft will use it for storage of
- drawing data. If you have no expanded memory but there is extended memory,
- it will be used. You can override this strategy by telling PC-Draft not to
- use expanded memory or not to use extended memory, or both. For example:
-
- SET PCDVM = /noemm
-
- Tells PC-Draft to not use expanded memory, and:
-
- SET PCDVM = /noext
-
- Tells PC-Draft to not use extended memory.
-
-
- Disable Disk Swapping: /NOSWAP
-
- The command:
-
- SET PCDVM = /noext
-
- Tells PC-Draft to not swap data to disk.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 58 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
- SVGA driver
-
- Also included with PC-Draft-CAD release 3 is a graphics display driver for
- Super VGA displays. This driver (filename: SVGADRV.COM) sets up the Super-
- VGA 800x600x16 color mode. This mode is a semi-standard for nearly all VGA
- display boards (except IBM of course). "Semi-standard", because the value
- used to set the mode is different on each VGA brand!
-
- In order to work with the many different VGA chip sets -- each of which
- sets its own standard for resolutions above IBM's 320x200x256 color mode,
- you must supply the hex value used by your VGA board for the 800x600x16
- mode. You can specify a graphics mode value when you run SVGADRV.COM with
- the "/Mnn" command line argument, where "nn" is the hex mode value. For
- example, for use with an ATI board, the mode value should be 54(hex), so to
- load the SVGADRV driver enter:
-
- SVGADRV /M54
-
- By default the SVGADRV driver uses the correct mode value for boards using
- the Trident chip (5Bh). The following table lists the correct mode value to
- use for several different chip sets. If your board's chip set is not
- listed, refer to your VGA board manual and use the mode value listed for
- 800x600 - 16 color mode.
-
-
- VGA Brand or Chip set Mode Value
-
- Ahead, VESA 6A
-
- ATI, VGA Wonder 54
-
- Chips and Technology 70
-
- Paradise, AT&T, Compaq, 58
- AST
-
- Trident, Maxxon, Logix 5B
-
- Tsing, VEGA, Orchid 29
-
- Tatung 62
-
- Video7, Tecmar VGA/AD 16
-
- If your VGA board supports this mode, please give it a try. With my VGA by
- Logix (trident chip), the display must be adjusted to fit on the screen but
- it still leaves wide borders left and right. Also the character size in
- this mode is 8 by 8 pixels, which means that the menus and dialog boxes are
- SMALL. That is why I prefer the more normal 640 by 480 mode.
-
-
-
-
- Printing Page 59
-
-
-
-
- Note that the SVGADRV driver works like the other graphics drivers ment-
- ioned in the release 3 addendum. To deinstall the driver after running the
- main DRAFT3.EXE program, enter:
-
- SVGADRV /U
-
- Also note that your mouse cursor may not display when using this driver.
- Use the full screen cursor instead (press [K]).
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
-
-
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-
- Page 60 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- Utility Programs
-
-
- PC-Draft-CAD comes with separate utility programs. Some allow you to
- convert drawings made with other CAD programs into PC-Draft-CAD format.
- Others are designed to query or report on the data in your drawing database
- files.
-
-
- Conversion Utilities
- ------------
-
- WPGCONV.EXE
-
- This program converts WordPerfect graphics files for use with PC-Draft-CAD.
- It expects two command line arguments which specify the source file and the
- output file. For example to convert the airplane graphic that comes with
- WordPerfect 5.0, enter:
-
- WPGCONV C:\WP\AIRPLANE.WPG AIRPLANE.LIB
-
- WPGCONV has an optional scale argument which determines the size of the
- converted WPG object. Add this argument right after the program name in the
- form:
-
- WPGCONV -N <INPUT FILE> <OUTPUT FILE>
-
- where N is the scale factor. The default value for the scale is 4. If you
- specify a larger value, the resulting size will be smaller. Specify a
- smaller value to make the size larger. For example to make the airplane
- drawing smaller enter:
-
- WPGCONV -6 C:\WP\AIRPLANE.WPG AIRPLANE.LIB
-
- DXF2PCD.EXE
-
- This program converts AutoCAD Drawing eXchange Format (.DXF) files into PC-
- Draft-CAD drawing format. It expects two command line arguments (in
- addition to optional scaling factors explained below) which specify the
- source file and the output file. For example, to convert a DXF drawing of a
- house, enter:
-
- DXF2PCD HOUSE.DXF HOUSE.DWG
-
- This conversion process ignores elements which PC-Draft-CAD does not
- support, such as shading, curves, 3D objects, and other esoteric con-
- structs.
-
- The drawing USAMAP.DWG was converted from a .DXF file.
-
-
-
-
- Printing Page 61
-
-
-
-
- DXF files generated by other programs (at least the ones I have been able
- to acquire) have wildly different ranges of coordinate values. Some range
- from 0 to 15 and are expressed in floating point format. For example the
- USA.DWG files that comes with PC-Draft-CAD was generated from an AutoCAD
- DXF file whose coordinate values ranged from 2.023452 to 12.543001. Also
- the Y scale may not always match the X scale in some DXF drawings. There-
- fore, The DXF2PCD program uses X and Y scaling factors to adjust the
- coordinate values to fall in a valid range for PC-Draft-CAD's coordinate
- space. Also x and y offsets (from the upper left corner of the drawing
- space) can be applied to adjust the position of the drawing elements in
- PCD-CAD's drawing space.
-
- The new version of DXF2PCD now allows the following optional command line
- arguments:
-
- -x<value> - X axis scaling factor
- -y<value> - Y axis scaling factor
- -a<value> - X drawing offset (left margin)
- -b<value> - Y drawing offset (top margin)
-
- For example the drawing: HOUSE1.DWG will be created from HOUSE.DXF with the
- following command line:
-
- DXF2PCD HOUSE.DXF HOUSE1.DWG -x23.97 -y25.4 -a4000 -b4000
-
- The above command supplies an X scale factor of 23.97, a Y scale factor of
- 25.4 and positions the drawing 4000 drawing units from the upper left of
- the full drawing area.
-
-
- Database Utilities
- ------------
-
- PRTDATA.EXE
-
- This program prints (or displays) a report showing for each layer in the
- specified drawing, each object node: location, orientation, scale, and
- name. The second section of the report shows each object and all of its
- elements.
-
- PRTDATA requires at least one command line argument: the filename of the
- drawing you wish to examine:
-
- PRTDATA HOUSE.DWG
-
- This displays the house drawing database on the screen. If you wish to
- print this data, simply redirect the output to your printer:
-
- PRTDATA HOUSE.DWG > PRN
-
-
-
-
- Page 62 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- You can also save the data to a DOS text file by redirecting the output to
- a DOS file:
-
- PRTDATA HOUSE.DWG > DATAFILE.DAT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
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-
-
- Printing Page 63
-
-
-
-
- Summary of Drawing Commands
-
-
- ┌───Keyboard shortcuts
- ┴ menu choices Action
- [F1] Menu bar - off/on
-
- [F2] Draw - add new element to drawing (current object)
- A [A]rc int - draw interior arc (less than 180 degrees)
- AltA a[R]c ext - draw exterior arc (more than 180 degrees)
- Y cur[V]e - draw conic arc
- B [B]ox - draw rectangle
- C [C]ircle - center and one point on circumference
- I c[I]rcle 2 - three points on circumference
- D [D]imension - [H]orizontal - [C]ursor
- [V]ertical [E]lement
- E [E]llipse - draw ellipse
- H [H]ome - move cursor to center screen
- L [L]ine - draw simple line
- AltL [X]Line - draw 2 lines parallel to specified points
- M [M]ulti-line - draw several lines in sequence
- [P]arallel - draw new line parallel to current element
- T [T]ext - add text to current object
- U [U]ndo - delete current element
- AltF [F]ill - select an object and fill rectangular area
-
- [F3] Objects - perform operation on selected object
- [D]atabase - access drawing data directly
- [A]dd<-Lib - from object library
- [P]ick - set current obj from drawing objects
- [M]ove - new object node origin
- N [N]ew - start new object - asks for obj name
- [O]rigin - change element offsets to new object origin
- [C]opy - copy current object (new object node)
- c[L]one - copy current object (new object)
- [E]rase - doesn't delete actual object
- [S]cale - set scale (redraw object)
- [R]otate - enter angle to rotate object
- s[T]retch - distort object in any direction
- mirror [X] - reverse object in X axis
- mirror [Y] - reverse object in Y axis
-
- [F4] File - file operations
- [D]rawing - submenu for each:
- [F]ont [S]ave
- [O]bject [L]oad
- [M]acro - start (save) recording a macro,
- (load) = play a macro.
-
-
-
-
-
- Page 64 PC-Draft-CAD
-
-
-
-
- [F5] Views - - change current view
- W [W]-zoom - draw box to for area to zoom to full screen
- Z [Z]oom (n) - magnify current view by n, ie: n = .5 to
- halve amount shown.
- zoom [A]ll - zoom out to show full drawing
- [C]enter - pan to make place cursor at center.
- P [P]an - move cursor for amount and direction to pan
- [V]iew (n) - shift[F1 .. F10] to change to view [1..10]
- [R]edraw - redraw current view
-
- [F6] Options - - modify config variables
- [A]uto redraw - automatically redraw after change
- [T]ext redraw - when "off", skips text during screen redraw
- [F]ill redraw - when "off", skips fill elements during redraw
- [R]atio - change aspect ratio
- [S]nap - force element endpoints to align with grid
- [G]rid - set spacing & display rectangular grid
- [W]idth line - set default line width
- [D]line width - set distance between Double line elements
- [L]ine style - set default line style
- [U]nits - set dimension unit & precision
- [C]olor - set screen color selections
-
- [F7] Elements - perform operation on current element
- F [F]lash ele - * "flash" box around current element
- G [G]et next - * select next element & "flash"
- R sea[R]ch - * select closest element
- J ad[J]ust - move current element to cursor position
- O m[O]ve end - move current element end to new location
- X [X]Cross - select 2nd. element, merge ends
- U [D]elete - delete current element ("Undo")
- AltU re[S]tore - restore deleted element ("Redo")
- AltE [E]ndpoint - * move to nearest end point
- AltM [M]idpoint - * snap to center of element
- V di[V]ide ele - make two elements
- AltB [B]ase set - * set position for relative measurements
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- [F8] Print - - print or plot drawing
- [O]ptions
- [D]estination - "LPT1, LPT2, or filename
- [S]cale- (4 = 1/4 " = 1'-0")(or metric: 20 = 1:20)
- [O]rientation
- [P]ortrait
- [L]andscape
- [T]ype device - select printer driver program
- [M]ode
- [S]mall (300dpi) (HP-LaserJet+) (8.5 x 11 HPGL)
- [L]arge (150dpi) (HP-LaserJet+) (11 x 17 HPGL)
- [P]rint - starts printing
- [F9] Erase drawing
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- Command Summary Page 65
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- Other Keyboard Commands
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- S - suspend cursor increment
- K - switch cursor type (full screen/small)
- [Alt-C] - switch mouse cursor
- [Alt-G] - find ([G]et) next element (move backward thru element
- chain)
- [Alt-H] - move to current object origin (object [H]ome)
- [Alt-O] - change to next object & move to origin
- [Alt-P] - panel on/off
- [Alt-S] - snap to grid point
- [Alt-Y] - change to next la[Y]er
- [Ctl-F1] - change foreground color (CGA only)
- shift[F1 .. F10] - change to view [1..10]
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- Page 66 PC-Draft-CAD
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- Index
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- Arc 27 Text 27
- ASP i Three point circle
- Aspect ratio 42 26
- AutoCAD 61 XLine 24
- Box 25 Drawing Components 19
- Circle 26 Elements 20
- Clearing the Screen 15 Layers 19
- Clone 32 Object Node 20
- Color 28, 42 Objects 20
- CONFIG.SYS 6 DXF 61
- Control Panel 13 EGA 5
- Cursor 12 Elements 20
- Command 28 Elements commands 47
- Increment 11 Adjust 48
- Mouse 12, 28 Base 49
- Suspend 51 Cross 48
- Type 12 Delete 48
- Database 30 Divide 49
- Delete Endpoint 48
- element 48 Flash 47
- Layers and objects Get 47
- 31 Midpoint 48
- Object 33 Move 48
- Dimension 26 Restore 48
- set base 49 Search 47
- Units 45 Undo 29
- Directory 16, 35 Ellipse 27
- Display Drivers 5 Ending PC-Draft 17
- Dline Width 42 Exit 17
- DOT--DRV.EXE 54 Ending Macros 51
- Double line 24 Expanded Memory 4
- Width 42 Extended Memory 57
- DRAFT3.CFG 10 Features 1
- Drawing Area 14 File commands 35
- Drawing Commands File Names 8
- Arc 27 Files 8
- Box 25 .FON 50
- Circle 26 .MAC 51
- Color 28 CONFIG.SYS 6
- Dimension 26 Directory 35
- Ellipse 27 DRAFT2.CFG 6
- Fill 29 Font 36
- Kursor 28 GEM format 56
- Line 24 Macro 37
- Multi-Line 24 Naming conventions
- Parallel 25 8
- Summary 64 Object 36
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- Command Summary Page 67
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- Fill 29 New 32
- Fill Redraw 41 Origin 32
- Find Pick 32
- current element 47 Rotate 33
- Fonts 50 Scale 33
- GEM 56 Stretch 33
- GEM--DRV.EXE 55 used as pattern 29
- Graphic Macros 51 Object Currency 30
- Grid 43 Objects 20
- Help key 10 Options 41
- Hercules 5 Auto 41
- Home 12 Grid 43
- HP LaserJet+ 56 Line 45
- HPGL Line width 44
- Line style 45 Ratio 42
- Line width 44 Snap 44
- HPGL-DRV.EXE 55 Units 45
- HPLJ-DRV.EXE 55 Pan 38
- Installation 4 Parallel Lines 25
- Kursor 28 Pattern 29
- Laser printer 53 Patterns 29
- Layers 19 Printers 7
- Line 24 DeskJet 56
- style 45 dot matrix 54
- width 44 GEM files 56
- Line ending style 24 LaserJet 56
- MAC file 51 resolution modes 56
- Structure 52 Printing 53
- Macros 51 Printing Options
- Memory 57 Destination 53
- Menus 12 Device 54
- Metric 14, 45, 54 Orientation 54
- MicroSoft 6 Scale 54
- Mirror 34 Re-do 15
- Mouse Redraw 40, 41
- buttons 6 automatic 41
- cursor 12, 28 Relative Cursor Increment
- driver 6 51
- Move Restore 48
- current view 39 Rotate
- Object 32 Object 33
- Multi-Line 24 Scale
- Object 20 Object 33
- Add 31 Search
- Clone 32 for element 47
- Copy 32 Search directory 16, 35
- Erase 33 Snap 44
- Library 31 Stretch 33
- Mirror 34 Style
- Move 32 Line 45
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- Page 68 PC-Draft-CAD
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- Super-VGA 59
- Suspend
- Cursor 51
- SVGADRV.COM 59
- Swap to disk 58
- Text 27
- Text Redraw 41
- Three point circle 26
- Undo 15, 29
- Units 45
- VGA 5
- Views commands 38
- Center 39
- Pan 39
- Redraw 40
- View 39
- Window 39
- Zoom 39
- Zoom All 39
- Virtual Memory 57
- WPG--DRV.EXE 56
- XLine 24
- Zoom 38
- Zoom All 39
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- Index Page 69
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