ProfitPress Mega CDROM2 Shareware Freeware (MSDOS)(1992)(Eng)

home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search

/ ProfitPress Mega CDROM2 …eeware (MSDOS)(1992)(Eng) / ProfitPress-MegaCDROM2.B6I / APPS / BUSINESS / ALITE110.ZIP / ALITE.FLS / ALITE.MAN < prev next >

Wrap

Text File | 1991-03-12 | 143.0 KB | 3,813 lines

tm ALITE Version 1.10 March 1991 TRIUS Inc. 231 Sutton Street, Suite 2D-3 P.O. Box 249 North Andover, MA 01845-1639 Tel. (508) 794-9377 (C) Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. REGISTRATION INFORMATION ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ALITE is a copyrighted program protected by both U.S. and international copyright law. If you obtained ALITE from a shareware disk vendor, an on-line computer service or bulletin board, a friend or colleague, or another similar source, you have an unregistered (trial) copy. You are authorized to use this copy without charge for a limited period of time under the terms of the ALITE license agreement. After this time is up, you must register and pay for ALITE to continue using it. This method of distribution is known as "shareware". It allows you to determine whether ALITE meets your needs before you pay for it. Payment of the registration fee entitles you to: -- A disk with the latest version of ALITE, registered to you. -- One copy of the enhanced, printed and bound ALITE manual. -- Free technical support for 90 days. -- A subscription to the TRIUS newsletter. If you purchased a complete copy of ALITE with printed manual your copy came with a registration card. Return this card promptly to TRIUS, Inc. to ensure you are registered with us, and to receive technical support and notices of future upgrades. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ---------------------------------------------------- REGISTRATION INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . 2 LIMITED WARRANTY . . . . . . . . . 7 WHAT IS A SPREADSHEET . . . . . . . . . 8 GETTING STARTED . . . . . . . . . 8 ALITE OPERATING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . 9 PRINTERS . . . . . . . . . 9 INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . 9 STARTING THE PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . 10 STARTING FROM ANY DIRECTORY . . . . . . . . . 12 ORGANIZATION OF ALITE . . . . . . . . . 12 FILES NAMES . . . . . . . . . 13 BASIC OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . 14 FUNCTION KEYS . . . . . . . . . 15 MOVING AROUND THE WORKSHEET . . . . . . . . . 17 ENTERING INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . 18 ENTERING LABELS . . . . . . . . . 18 ENTERING VALUES . . . . . . . . . 18 ENTERING FORMULAS . . . . . . . . . 19 ENTERING GRAPHICS CHARACTERS . . . . . . . . . 19 EDITING A CELL . . . . . . . . . 20 FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . 20 ENTERING FORMULAS . . . . . . . . . 22 NAMING/USING BLOCKS . . . . . . . . . 23 POINTING . . . . . . . . . 23 TYPING . . . . . . . . . 23 SETTING FORMATS . . . . . . . . . 23 COPY AND MOVE . . . . . . . . . 24 COPY VALUES . . . . . . . . . 24 COPY FORMULAS . . . . . . . . . 24 ABSOLUTE/RELATIVE ADDRESSES . . . . . . . . . 24 MOVE VALUES . . . . . . . . . 25 MOVE FORMULAS . . . . . . . . . 25 INSERTING ROWS/COLUMNS . . . . . . . . . 26 DELETING COLUMNS . . . . . . . . . 27 CIRCULAR REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . 27 SAVING & RETRIEVING . . . . . . . . . 28 EXPORTING PART OF WORKSHEET . . . . . . . . . 28 RETRIEVING THE WORKSHEET . . . . . . . . . 29 COMBINING WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . 29 LEAVING THE WORKSHEET . . . . . . . . . 30 PRINTING . . . . . . . . . 30 GRAPHS . . . . . . . . . 36 GRAPHICS COMMAND SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . 36 @FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . 42 STRING FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . 43 MATH FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . 44 FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . 46 -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 3 LOGICAL FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . 47 STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . 47 SPECIAL FUNCTONS . . . . . . . . . 48 DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . 50 DATA MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . 51 DATA FILL . . . . . . . . . 51 DATA SORT . . . . . . . . . 52 DATA BIN . . . . . . . . . 53 DATA REGRESSION . . . . . . . . . 53 DATABASE OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . 54 MACROS . . . . . . . . . 55 MACRO KEYWORDS . . . . . . . . . 57 ADVANCED MACROS . . . . . . . . . 59 INDEX . . . . . . . . . 63 -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 4 ALITE LICENSE AGREEMENT ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The ALITE program and all other programs and materials distributed or shipped with it are Copyright TRIUS, Inc., 1988-1991, and are protected by U.S. and international copyright law. In the rest of this document, this collection of programs is referred to simply as "ALITE". You are granted a license to use your copy of ALITE only under the terms and conditions specified in this license agreement. A "registered" copy of ALITE is a copy distributed on diskette bearing the original TRIUS and ALITE registered trademarks, purchased from TRIUS, Inc. or from an authorized re-seller, accompannied by a printed bound manual. A "shareware" copy of ALITE is a copy distributed on diskette or via an electronic bulletin board, on-line service, or other electronic means, obtained from a shareware disk vendor, or obtained from another individual, without any printed documentation, other than what is contained on the disk. Shareware copies of ALITE are distributed to allow you to try the program before you pay for it. They are Copyright 1991 TRIUS, Inc., and do not constitute "free" or "public domain" software. You may use a shareware copy of ALITE at no charge for a trial period of up to 30 days. If you wish to continue using ALITE after that period, you must purchase a registered copy. If you choose not to purchase a registered copy, you must stop using ALITE, though you may keep copies and pass them along to others. Your registered copy of ALITE may only be used on one computer at any given time, unless you have a site license, in which case, ALITE may only be used on the number of computers specified in your site license agreement. You may install your registered copy of ALITE on a computer attached to a network, or remove it from one computer and install it on a different one, provided there is no possibility that your copy will be used by more than one user, unless you have a site license, in which case there should be no possibility of the program being used by more users than it is licensed for. A "user" is defined as one keyboard which is connected to a computer on which ALITE is installed, regardless of whether or not the user of the keyboard is aware of the installation or use of ALITE on the system. You may copy any version of ALITE for normal backup purposes, and you may give copies of the PROGRAM to other individuals, which they may also use and copy subject to the terms of this agreement. If you copy the shareware version of ALITE for others, you must include all of the files distributed with it, including this one. You may not make any copies of the printed and bound ALITE manual, or copies of a printed version of this file without explicit written permission from TRIUS, Inc. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 5 You may NOT distribute ALITE other than through individual copies of the SHAREWARE version passed to friends and associates for their individual use. Specifically, you may not place ALITE or any part of the ALITE package in a commercial library, or distribute it with any other product or as an incentive to purchase any other product, without permission from TRIUS, Inc. You may not reverse-engineer, disassemble, modify, decompile or create derivative works of the product. You acknowledge that the product includes certain trade secrets and confidential information, all of which are the copyrighted intellectual property of TRIUS, Inc. ALITE is a trademark of TRIUS Inc. and the TRIUS Logo is a trademark of TRIUS, Inc. All rights are reserved worldwide. The ALITE User's Manual is copyrighted and all rights are reserved. The reproduction of this document, in whole or part, or its conversion to electronic medium are prohibited unless prior consent, in writing, has been given by TRIUS, Inc. TRIUS is a trademark of TRIUS, Inc. ALITE is a trademark of TRIUS, inc. EPSON is a trademark of Epson America Inc. IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines, Inc. LOTUS 1-2-3 is a trademark of Lotus Development Corporation HERCULES is a trademark of Hercules Corporation SYMPHONY is a trademark of LOTUS Corporation MS-DOS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. dBASE III is a trademark of Ashton Tate Additions and modifications to this program and the manual may be made periodically as needed and they should be considered additions to the material presented herein. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 6 LIMITED WARRANTY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ THIS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THESE PROGRAMS IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU (NOT TRIUS, INC.) ASSUME THE ENTIRE COST OF ALL NECESSARY REPAIR, SERVICING, OR CORRECTION. IN NO EVENT WILL TRIUS, INC. BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY LOST PROFITS, LOST SAVINGS, OR OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THESE PROGRAMS, EVEN IF TRIUS, INC. HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, AND YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES SO THE ABOVE MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT YOU HAVE READ THIS AGREEMENT, UNDERSTAND IT, AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY ITS TERMS AND CONDITIONS. YOU FURTHER AGREE THAT IT IS THE COMPLETE AND EXCLUSIVE STATEMENT OF THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN US, WHICH SUPERSEDES ANY PROPOSAL OR PRIOR AGREEMENT, ORAL OR WRITTEN, AND ANY OTHER COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN US. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 7 WHAT IS A SPREADSHEET ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A spreadsheet is a large grid of cells, each uniquely identified by a column, row coordinate. In ALITE, this grid is made up of 2,048 rows by 128 columns i.e., 262,144 cells. Each cell may contain values, text or a formula relating information in other cells. Note that although all these cells are available in ALITE, the amount of information that can be stored in a single worksheet depends on the amount of conventional RAM available on your system. Since a typical PC monitor can only display 25 lines of 80 characters each, you can only look at a portion of this large grid of cells at one time. GETTING STARTED ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The basic files that are distributed with the ALITE program are described below: ALITE.FLS The main program compressed archive TINSTALL.EXE Installation Program LHARC.EXE Compression program, used by TINSTALL, Copyright Horuyasu Yoshizaki 1988-89 LHARC.MAN User's manual for LHARC.EXE (Shareware) LICENSE.DOC Contains ALITE license agreement READ.ME Last minute corrections, new features, etc. VENDOR.DOC Information about distributing Shareware copies See the READ.ME file on the diskette for a description of any additional files that might be distributed with ALITE. The READ.ME file also contains the description of any new features, that may have been added to the program last minute. To view the READ.ME file on your screen, use the command from the DOS prompt: A>TYPE READ.ME [ENTER] To print the contents of the READ.ME file on your printer, make sure your printer is on-line and use the command from the DOS prompt: A>COPY READ.ME PRN [ENTER] -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 8 ALITE OPERATING REQUIREMENTS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ALITE will operate on any IBM PC or fully compatible MS-DOS system. The program requires 150k minimum free RAM to be loaded. The RAM, above 150k, available on your system will determine the amount of data that can be stored with ALITE. Spreadsheet data is stored using a sparse matrix technique which only allocates space required by each cell. *********************************************************************** * NOTE: ALITE uses a program overlay technique to free up more RAM * * for data. As such, if the program is run from a floppy disk, * * that disk should not be removed from the drive until you * * have exited ALITE. * *********************************************************************** VIDEO MONITORS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The video monitor/card combinations currently supported by ALITE are: MONOCHROME TTL (No Graphics), HERCULES MONO GRAPHICS (or compatibles), CGA, EGA and AT&T. PRINTERS ~~~~~~~~ ALITE provides access to printer control codes, allowing special features of your particular printer to be used. No special printer drivers are required because all text is sent to the printer (LPT1) as straight ASCII data. Graphs can be printed using any EPSON, or other fully graphics- compatible, dot matrix printer. For more information on controlling the printer, see the section discussing the PRINTER menu commands. INSTALLATION ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Installation of ALITE could not be simpler: 1. Start your computer and make sure you are at the DOS prompt. 2. Enter the ALITE master diskette in drive A or B. 3. At the DOS prompt, type A: (or B: depending on what drive you have entered the diskette in) and press [ENTER]. 4. Type TINSTALL and press ENTER. Now just follow the simple instructions on the screen. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 9 STARTING THE PROGRAM ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The system configuration and certain default parameters can be specified when the program is started. Various configuration options can be invoked by a number of command line switches (each switch is preceded by a slash [/] character). The general form to start the program is: ALITE /switch1/switch2/switch3...... The various switch options are explained below. They can appear on the command line in any order: ** ATT - AT&T Monochrome System. Set this switch if you are using ALITE on an AT&T System to produce graphics with a resolution of 640x400. ** AUTO=X - Autoload Worksheet. Automatically load a worksheet upon program startup. ** BK=X - Screen Blanking Time If your computer is left inactive (no key pressed) for X-seconds, the screen will blank out to prevent phosphor burnout due to long periods of reverse video, until a key is pressed again. If a blanking time of 0 is used, screen blanking will be effectively disabled. Default X=300 (i.e., 5 minutes). ** CTR - Column Divider Centered Centers the column heading letters over each column. The default setting for the top column heading is right justified: ** DIR=Path - Sets the Default Directory/Data Path. The default data drive and subdirectory is the drive and subdirectory from which the program was started. This switch allows you to change the default drive/directory. ** DV=X - Column Division Character Specify the column division character. The default character for the top column heading is the forward slash: ** E - Enhanced Graphics Adaptor This switch specifies an IBM Enhanced Graphics Adaptor or equivalent available for graphics. The resolution on the EGA screen will be 640x350 pixels with multiple colors. ** H - Hercules System. This switch specifies that you are using a Hercules Mono-Graphics board or clone. The resolution of the screen, when plotting graphics, will be 720x348 pixels and will use the graphics page at $b000. To force graphics to the second graphics page at $b800 follow the H with a 2, i.e., /H2. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 10 ** MONO - Monochrome (B&W) Change all colors to a white/black color scheme. This can be used on monitors which do not display all colors visibly, such as LCD monitors found on most laptops. ** MY=X - Currency Prefix This switch allows the user to specify a new character (X) to be displayed in place of the currency Dollar Sign (when a block is formatted as currency). This is useful for foreign currencies like the Pound. ** SET=$MGFB - Set Menu, Graph, Foreground, Background Colors. This switch allows you to specify the Menu Window Color, Graph color, the Foreground color and the background color every time you start the program. The dollar sign ($) preceding the numbers, must always be included as part of this switch and the numbers that are used to specify the colors must be in hexadecimal form (one digit for each color). If only two color numbers are specified, ALITE assumes they are to be used for foreground and background colors. ** SP - Supress Border This switch will supress the screen border which contains the row and column headings. This option is an ideal method to cloak a macro application program and hide spreadsheet details from an end user. ** TP=X - Column Heading Character Use this switch to change the character you see on the top column heading line (the dot). If you specified /TP=*, on the command line, the top column heading would be: ********A/*******B/*******C/*******D/*******E/**** Any combination of valid switches (depending on your system) can be used. For example, ALITE /CTR/P/SET=$146 Starts ALITE with the column headings centered, in the panel menu mode, and with colors: blue for the graph, red for the foreground and brown for the background. By creating individual batch files, you could start ALITE on a number of different systems, without having to remember all the switches required. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 11 STARTING ALITE FROM ANY DIRECTORY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ALITE can be started from any drive/directory on your hard disk simply by typing ALITE. To do so, you must first perform the following: 1. Set a DOS environment variable (ALITE) to the drive and path of the ALITE.EXE, .HLP, .MSG, and HTREE.EXE files (these files must all be in the same directory), using: SET ALITE=Drive:\Directory (Example SET ALITE=C:\ALITE) The above command may be included in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file so the variable is set automatically every time you start your computer. 2. Make sure that the directory where the ALITE files are located is included in your system's Path command. If done correctly, typing ALITE and pressing [ENTER] from any directory will start the program. After loading ALITE, a message screen will be displayed. Press any key to enter into the spreadsheet and begin your work. *********************************************************************** * NOTE: ALITE uses a program overlay technique to free up more RAM * * for data. As such, if the program is run from a floppy disk, * * that disk should not be removed from the drive until you * * have exited ALITE. * *********************************************************************** ORGANIZATION OF ALITE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ All ALITE commands are accessed through menus which are invoked by pressing the slash [/] key, which is usually located on the lower right side of the keyboard, just above the space bar. When the [/] key is pressed, the main menu window will appear in the top left of the screen. As you will see later, window menus provide you with a useful trail through the different levels of menus in the program. The menu pointer can be moved by using the cursor arrow keys. Pressing [LEFT], [UP] or [BACKSPACE] will move the selection bar up. Pressing [RIGHT], [DOWN] or [SPACE] will move the selection bar down. To select a command or sub menu, use the cursor keys to highlight the option you want and press the [ENTER] key OR press the key corresponding to First Letter of the desired option. The display menu window can be shifted between the left and right sides of the screen by pressing the period [.] key. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 12 FILE NAMES ~~~~~~~~~~ All spreadsheet files are saved with an extension of WKS. This is done automatically. You need only specify the root name. (e.g., when prompted to specify a file name for saving your current data, entering MYDATA and pressing [ENTER] will save your data in a file called MYDATA.WKS). Even though ALITE will generate files with the extension "WKS", it will attempt to read any file with extensions "WK?". This includes "WKS" files generated by LOTUS 1-2-3 Ver. 1A, "WK1" files generated by LOTUS 1-2-3 Rel. 2.0, "WRK" files generated by SYMPHONY, etc. Text files generated with the /PrintTo, File option, have the extension "PRN" and are in ASCII format. This means that these print files can be imported by virtually any word processing program. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 13 BASIC OPERATIONS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ STATUS LINE ~~~~~~~~~~~ A line of status information is displayed at the bottom of the screen, displaying useful information like the name of the worksheet file currently in memory, the amount of free memory available and status of the keyboard modes. Cap Caps lock is ON Num Numeric keys active on keypad Ovr Indicates overstrike mode when editing cell End The END key has been depressed, the next cursor keystroke initiates a block movement COMMAND WINDOW ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Powerful commands for manipulating the spreadsheet may be accessed by activating the main menu with the use of the [/] key. This key is usually located on the lower right side of the keyboard, just above the space bar. Once this key is pressed, a window containing the main menu commands will appear on the top left corner of the screen. The first option in the menu will be highlighted by a moveable pointer. The command area line, on the top of the screen, will display additional information about the highlighted option. The pointer can be moved by pressing the [UP] and [DOWN] cursor keys. The [LEFT] and [RIGHT] keys may be used in place of the [UP] and [DOWN]. If the menu window is hiding some useful information, or you don't like its position, press the period [.] key and the window moves to the right top part of the screen. Press period [.] again and it returns to its original position. Once the menu window has been placed either on the left or the right side of the screen, it will appear there every time the menu is accessed until it is moved again or until the program is exited. To select a command or sub menu, use the cursor keys to highlight the command you want and press the [ENTER] key. An alternative way is to press the key corresponding to the first letter of the desired option. Once a selection is made, a new window appears at the same location as before. This window is actually made up of two parts. The top part displays the option you selected in the previous menu. The bottom part is a menu as before, with the first option highlighted. Again, you can select an option from this menu either by highlighting and [ENTER] or by pressing the key corresponding to the first letter of the option. Once you have made your selection, a new window appears with the top part displaying the selections you made in the previous two menus, and the bottom part displaying the options of the new menu. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 14 As you can see, with this menuing technique, at any time you can tell exactly what you are doing, what level menu you are in and how you got there. Refer to the MENU COMMAND SUMMARY section to learn about the different commands and options available. FUNCTION KEYS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ F1 - Help Function Key ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ After pressing [F1], a split screen is displayed with the topic list on the left and the chosen topic's information on the right. Press the up/down cursor keys to move the highlighted cursor to the desired topic. To move around within the help topic list, press the [HOME] key to go to the top of the list; the [END] key to go to the bottom of the list; the [PAGE UP] key to go to the top the list that is visible on the screen; press the [PAGE DOWN] key to go to the bottom of the list that is visible on the screen. To search quickly for a topic, press the first letter of the desired topic. Press the [ENTER] key to select the topic and the cursor will move to the informational help window on the right side of the screen. Once a help topic has been chosen and entered, use the up/down cursor keys to scroll through the file. The highlighted bottom boundary of a file disappears when the end of the file has been reached. To exit one help topic and enter another, hit the [ENTER] or the [LEFT] cursor key, scroll up or down to the desired topic, and hit the [ENTER] key. The first letter quick-search method may also be used. To exit the help menu altogether, hit the [ESCAPE] key. F2 - Edit Function Key ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Pressing the F2 functions key places a copy of the contents of the current cell on the second line of the command panel area, and invokes the edit mode. For more information about the edit mode options, refer to the section about editing. F3 - Macro Function Key ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The F3 function key allows execution of a macro by name or by cell reference. When F3 is pressed, a prompt appears requesting the name of the macro that you want to execute. The default address is the one specified the last time F3 was invoked during the current session. You can either type the name of the macro you want to execute and press [ENTER] or press [ESC]. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 15 Pressing [ESC] in response to the prompt will display a pick list of block names to choose from. Move the cursor to the desired macro name and press [ENTER]. F4 - Absolute Address Function Key ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Pressing F4 while in the middle of entering a formula, makes the address of the cell that the cursor is located on absolute (both row and column). Pressing F4 once more makes only the column of the current cell absolute and pressing it for the third time makes the reference relative. NOTE: This function key is only active when entering an equation in the pointing mode. It is not active when editing a cell. F5 - GoTo Function Key ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The GOTO function key allows you to position the cursor on a cell indicated by name or by reference. When the prompt for the destination appears, pressing [ESCAPE] will present a window of block names from which to choose. The default address is the address specified last time F5 was invoked during the current session. F6 - Window/Location Function Key ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The F6 function key toggles the cell cursor between the current location and the last location the cell cursor occupied. When the Sheet, Windows command has been invoked, pressing the F6 key will toggle the cursor between the two windows. When the Sheet, Borders command has been invoked, pressing the F6 key will toggle the cursor into and out of the border area. F9 - Calculate Function Key ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ When the ready mode is active, pressing F9 results in all cells being recalculated. Another feature of the F9 key is that it performs the calculation of any equation, at any point in the ALITE operation, where a numerical value is prompted. When editing a formula, pressing F9 replaces the entire formula with its evaluated result. Example: Cell A1 contains the value 1 Cell A2 contains the value 2 Place the cursor in cell B1 and press the following keys: /scsA1+A2 [F9] [ENTER] | Function Key This will set the width of column B to 3, i.e., the value of cell A1 plus the value of cell A2. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 16 F10 - Graph Function Key ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Pressing F10 displays the currently defined graph. If no graph has been defined, a beep will sound and an error message will be displayed. MOVING AROUND THE WORKSHEET ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Each key performs the following action: [HOME] Move the cursor to cell position A1 [UP] Move the cursor up one row [PGUP] Move the cursor up 20 rows [DOWN] Move the cursor down one row [PGDN] Move the cursor down 20 rows [LEFT] Move the cursor left one column [RIGHT] Move the cursor right one column [END] This key acts in combination with the next cursor key pressed. It causes the spreadsheet to scan in the indicated direction until a change of state occurs. For example, a column of numbers with a blank cell in the middle will result in the cursor stopping at the blank cell. Subsequent [END] [DOWN] will jump to the bottom of the column. [END][UP] Move to far top of block [END][DOWN] Move to far bottom of block [END][LEFT] Move to far left of block [END][RIGHT] Move to far right of block [END][HOME] Move to lower right corner of worksheet Other movement keys: [TAB] Move one page right [SHIFT][TAB] Move one page left [F5] Go to specified cell [F6] When the /Sheet Window option has been selected, pressing F6 moves the cursor between the two windows. With only one window active, pressing F6 toggles between the current and the last position of the cursor. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 17 ENTERING INFORMATION ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ENTERING LABELS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A label is any sequence of characters which is not preceded with a digit or mathematical operator. Digits may be entered as labels if they are preceded with an apostrophe ['], a caret [^], a quote ["], or a backslash [\] character. These characters are special formatting characters which perform the following: ['] - Left justifies the label within the column [^] - Centers the label within the column. If the label is wider than the column, the result is left justified. ["] - Right justifies the label within the column. If the label is wider than the column, the result is left justified. [\] - Repeats the character which follows, to the width of the column. [|] - Sends the characters that follow to the printer as a setup string. (The "|" character is not displayed on screen). Several examples follow: ENTER RESULT ------------------------------------------------------------- 'Sample Left justifies label in column ^2-Section Centers label in column "Amount Right justifies label in column \= Column is filled with equal signs |\027\015 Sends setup string to printer. Please note that all decimal control characters are preceded by backslash [\] and must be three digits in length. The default prefix character is an apostrophe ['] which will automatically be inserted as the first character. ENTERING VALUES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A value is any sequence of digits. ALITE supports 11 significant digits. Very large (or very small) numbers are entered by using exponential notation. For example, the number 2.3 times ten to the power 15 would be entered as follows: 2.3E15 [ENTER] All entries must be completed by pressing the [ENTER] key. If that key has not been pressed, the [BackSpace] key may be used to delete the previously entered digit. The limiting range of numbers recognized by the program is: 1.0E-37 < | X | < 1.0E+37 -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 18 If a cell contains only asterisks, "*********", it's an indication that the width of the column is insufficient to hold all the characters required to display the number. To make the value visible, either expand the column width or change the format of the cell. ENTERING FORMULAS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A formula consists of a series of numbers, cell references or functions separated with the following mathematical operators. [-] - negation [>] - greater than [+] - addition [<] - less than [-] - subtraction [=] - equal to [*] - multiplication [<=] - less than or equal [/] - division [>=] - greater than or equal [!] - factorial [<>] - not equal to [%] - percent [()] - parentheses [^] - exponentiation A formula must start with one of the following characters: - + ( @ or a digit. The following examples assume that cell A1 contains the value 4. Type Result Comment ------------------------------------------------------------- 1.1+2*3+5^2 32.1 -- +A1*2+5.5 13.5 -- @SQRT(A1)+5 7.0 -- (2*A1+3)*3 33.0 -- -5.1+2 -3.1 -- 2>3 0 Result is False 3>2 1 Result is True 5>=2 1 Result is True 5<>4 1 Result is True 6=6 1 Result is True 6=5 0 Result is False ENTERING GRAPHICS CHARACTERS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ALITE supports high bit ASCII characters (sometimes referred to as graphics or box characters). To create one of these characters, hold the [ALT] key down and enter the decimal code of the character you want using the numeric pad (on the right side of your keyboard). NOTE: Some graphics characters can be printed only if they are supported by your printer. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 19 EDITING A CELL ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Pressing [F2] causes the contents of the current cell to be placed on line 2 of the command panel. The mode indicator is changed to EDIT and the character cursor is positioned at the end of the line. Make changes by moving the character cursor to the desired position and start typing. When in the edit mode, editing is set to insert mode (text under and to right of the cursor will be shifted to the right as characters are typed). The insert mode can be toggled on/off by pressing the insert [INS] key. The opposite of insert mode is overwrite mode which is indicated by an increase in cursor size and the display of the OVR status indicator (text is overwritten by new typing). After all changes have been made you must press the [ENTER] key to insert the changes into the current cell in the worksheet. FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ WHAT IS A FORMULA ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Relationships between cells are formed using algebraic, statistical or logical expressions (formulas). Once a formula is typed in and [ENTER] is pressed, it is evaluated and the result is placed in the cell. Examples are given below: CELL CONTENTS EXPLANATION -------------------------------------------------------------- A1 +A10+B1 Add contents of A10 to contents of B1. Result appears in A1. K1 +C2/(D4-F9) Subtract contents of F9 from contents of D4, divide contents of C2 by this total. Result appears in K1. O13 @SUM(G1..G26) Sum the contents of cells G1 through G26 (inclusive). Result appears in O13. This is short list of examples to get you acquainted with the concept of formulas. The section on @FUNCTIONS gives a list of the available functions and examples of how to use them in formulas. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 20 WHAT IS A FUNCTION? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Each function begins with an at-sign [@]. The number of arguments required by each function is fixed. All function arguments must be enclosed in parentheses. The general form for using a function is as follows: @function(argument1,argument2,........) Details about the functions available in ALITE and the way to invoke them are provided in the section "@FUNCTIONS". -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 21 ENTERING FORMULAS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ There are two ways to enter a formula into an ALITE cell. One is to type the whole formula and the second is to point to the refered cells. For example let's say that you want to enter the following formula in cell B6. @SUM(A5..A12)+A1/(B1*C3) This could be accomplished in two ways as shown below (assuming that the cursor is already in cell B6). POINTING METHOD: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ TYPE PRESS SHOWN ON CONTROL PANEL ------------------------------------------------------------------ @SUM( @SUM( [LEFT] @SUM(A6 [UP] @SUM(A5 (period). @SUM(A5..A5 [DOWN](7 times) @SUM(A5..A12 )+ @SUM(A5..A12)+ [HOME] @SUM(A5..A12)+A1 /( @SUM(A5..A12)+A1/( [RIGHT] @SUM(A5..A12)+A1/(B1 * @SUM(A5..A12)+A1/(B1* [RIGHT] @SUM(A5..A12)+A1/(B1*C1 [DOWN] @SUM(A5..A12)+A1/(B1*C2 [DOWN] @SUM(A5..A12)+A1/(B1*C3 ) @SUM(A5..A12)+A1/(B1*C3) [ENTER] @SUM(A5..A12)+A1/(B1*C3) And the calculated value is displayed in cell B6. TYPING METHOD: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ With the cursor positioned on cell B6, type @SUM(A5..A12)+A1/(B1*C3) and press [ENTER]. The calculated value will appear in cell B6, and the above equation will show on the control panel. Cell References ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Cell references can be either absolute or relative. An absolute cell has the row or column to be fixed preceded by a '$', i.e. $A1 fixes the column portion of the cell reference. A block copy of a formula with this cell reference will not alter the 'A' portion of the cell. $A$1 fixes both the row and column portion of the cell. Without the '$' all copies of the cell formula will result in a translation of the cell -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 22 reference which maintains the relative reference. Cell references must be preceded by either a '+' or '-' sign or a parenthesis. See the section on copying and moving for more information on relative and absolute references. NAMING/USING BLOCKS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A block of cells can be assigned a name by invoking the /Block, Name, Create command from the main menu. When using a block in an ALITE operation, it may be specified by using one of two possible methods: pointing to the cell or block of cells, or actually typing in the block (upper left cell followed by two periods and then the lower right cell) or block name (if one has already been assigned to it). POINTING ~~~~~~~~ Pointing to a cell simply involves moving the cursor. It is best to use this method in response to COPY or MOVE commands. When asked for a block, move the pointer. Notice that the pointer expands on the screen. In the middle of the leading edge of the pointer you will see a small blinking cursor. This indicates the corner of the block which you can expand or contract. To switch to the next corner press the period [.]. If you press the period 4 times, you will return to your starting position. When the block has been completely highlighted, press the [ENTER] key. This fixes the block permanently and allows any action to occur. i.e. if the block was entered in response to a COPY command, the copy will be initiated. TYPING ~~~~~~ Typing a block may be done by specifying diagonally opposite cell corners of the block. Each cell reference is separated by two (2) periods [.]. Example: A1..D5 defines the same block as D1..A5. When the entry is complete press the [ENTER]. SETTING FORMATS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Format refers to the appearance of a cell. There may be a difference between the way the contents of a cell is displayed and the way the value of that cell is stored internally. It helps to keep that in mind at all times, e.g. if a cell contains the value 1.2345, formatted to fixed with 2 decimals will display 1.23 (although any calculation involving the cell will use the value 1.2345). -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 23 Ranges of cells may be formatted using the /Block, Format command. Details about the types of formats available in ALITE can be found in the command summary at the end of this manual. COPY AND MOVE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The CopyCell and MoveCell commands can be used to copy or move values, formulas or text that exist in a cell or in a group of cells. Both commands need the user to specify the 'From range' and the 'To range'. When copying or moving formulas, what ends up in the 'Copy or Move To' range depends on the formulas being transferred. Formulas that contain relative references are translated by the copy command. Values, text and absolute references are not translated. COPY VALUES ~~~~~~~~~~~ Using the CopyCell command on a value duplicates the value in the "FROM" cell into the "TO" cell. For example, to copy the value from cell B5 to cell C6, simply enter the following sequence of commands (assuming the pointer is already on cell B5): /c [ENTER] [RIGHT] [DOWN] [ENTER] (Pointing Method) or /c B5 [ENTER] C6 [ENTER] (Typing Method) COPY FORMULAS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ABSOLUTE/RELATIVE ADDRESSES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Formulas can use absolute or relative cell references. The type of reference does not effect the result of the calculation, but it does affect what gets transferred during a CopyCell or a MoveCell command. An absolute reference is identified by a '$' sign preceding either the column letter, the row number or both. Let's take an example of three cells containing the following: cell B1 contains +A1+A2 '' B2 '' +A1+$A2 '' B3 '' +A1+$A$2 The value result in cells B1, B2 and B3 should be identical. Now copy the cells B1, B2 and B3 to C2, C3 and C4 respectively, and let's see what the new cells contain. cell C2: +B2+B3 -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 24 Copied from an original formula, in B1, that said: "Add the contents of the cell one column to the left (A1) to the contents of the cell one column to the left and one row down (A2)." cell C3: +B2+$A3 Copied from an original formula, in B2, that said: "Add the contents of the cell one column to the left (A1) to the contents of the cell in column A ($A) and one row down." cell C4: +B2+$A$2 Copied from an original formula, in B3, that said: "Add the contents of the cell one column to the left (A1) to the contents of the cell in column A ($A) and in row 2 ($2)." MOVE VALUES ~~~~~~~~~~~ Moving values is a simple operation that relocates the value from a cell into another specified cell. For example, to move the value from cell B5 to cell C6, simply enter the following sequence of commands (assuming the pointer is already in cell B5): /m [ENTER] [RIGHT] [DOWN] [ENTER] (Pointing Method) or /m B5 [ENTER] C6 [ENTER] (Typing Method) MOVE FORMULAS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The rules that apply to copying formulas also apply to moving formulas. Let's consider the same example of the three cells containing the following: cell B1 contains +A1+B4 '' B2 '' +A1+$B4 '' B3 '' +A1+$B$4 '' B4 '' 5 The values displayed in cells B1, B2, B3 and B4 should be identical. Now move the cells B1, B2, B3 and B4 into C1, C2, C3 and C4 respectively. Let's see what the new cells contain. cell C1: +A1+C4 Notice the translation of B4 to C5. This occured because B4 was within the moved block. The reference to A1 remains unchanged because it was outside the block. cell C2: +A1+$C4 -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 25 Absolute symbol does NOT keep column reference from changing for the move operation. cell C3: +A1+$C$4 Moved from original location but the formula changes the same as in cell C2. As you can see, NO translation occurs for cell references OUTSIDE the block being moved. References to cells inside the block ARE translated to reflect the new position. INSERTING ROWS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Insert Rows function is invoked by the commands: /Sheet, Insert, Row To insert a row, let's say between rows 3 and 4, position the cursor on any cell in row 4 and press the following keys: /sir [ENTER] This will insert a blank row 4 and all the rows between the original row 4 and the bottom of the worksheet will move one position down. To insert 3 rows between rows 6 and 7, bring the cursor to any cell in row 7 and type the following: /sir . [DOWN] [DOWN] [ENTER] (Note: Yes, that is a period) This will insert three blank rows after row 6, and all the rows between the original row 7 and the end of the worksheet will move three positions down. NOTE: You will get a message if any cells would be lost at the bottom of the worksheet. INSERTING COLUMNS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Inserting columns works exactly the same as inserting rows. The inserted column will take on the column width of the adjacent column to the right. NOTE: You will get a message if any cells would be lost at the right of the worksheet. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 26 DELETING ROWS/COLUMNS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Deleting rows or columns is similar to the inserting procedure. Caution: Any cell reference to a deleted cell will result in an ERR replacing the reference. CIRCULAR REFERENCES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ When a calculation model in a worksheet gets sophisticated, it is sometimes difficult to keep track of the referenced cells in each formula. Occasionally two or more cells accidently, directly or indirectly refer to each other. Even worse, you can have a number of cells that are circularly referenced so that convergence of the calculation is impossible. Consider the following: Cell A10 contains: +D21+5 Cell C11 contains: +W90+5 Cell D21 contains: +AA10+5 Cell W90 contains: +X500+5 Cell X500 contains: +A10+5 Trying to trace the circular reference in this group of cells could take a significant amount of time and cause severe headaches. If a circular reference is discovered, a message will appear on the Worksheet, Summary (/SS) screen. Circular reference recalculation only allows one iteration of the referenced cells. If more iterations are desired, they can be accomplished by pressing the F9 (re-calculate) key, or by automating the process with the following short macro: {Let A1,10} <--- Name this cell '\A' Back: {Calc} <--- Name this cell 'Back:' {if A1>0}{Let A1,A1-1}{Jump Back:} {Quit} -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 27 SAVING & RETRIEVING ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SAVING THE WORKSHEET ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To save the entries you have made in the worksheet, press the [/] key to bring up the main menu. Select the FILE command choice by moving the cursor to highlight that word. Press [ENTER]. You will see a new menu of file command choices. Select the STORE command. A file management window will open displaying the current drive and directory, the current file name (if this is a file you retrieved from disk), and a listing of all files in the current drive/directory. You may move through the various areas of the file management windo using the arrow keys. Pressing F1, at any time, will sort the listed file names by name, extension, size or date, successively. If the worksheet is new, you may either move the cursor to the file name area and type in a name, or move the pointer to an existing filename in the list and press [ENTER]. If you enter a new name, please note that the following characters are not allowed in a file name: "," "*" "/" "?" "#" If a worksheet with the same name already exists on your data disk, the program will ask if you want to "cancel", make a "backup" or "replace" the the old file (on the disk) with the contents of the current worksheet in the computer. If you choose to make a backup, the file on disk will be renamed with the extension .WKB and the new file will be saved with an extension .WKS SAVING PART OF THE WORKSHEET (EXPORTING) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sometimes it may be appropriate to save only a small portion of the spreadsheet. This may be achieved by using the /File Xport command. Once the Xport command has been selected, ALITE will prompt for the name of the .WKS file. Type the name and press [ENTER]. Do NOT add an extension when you type the name as this is performed automatically by ALITE. After you have specified the name of the file, the program asks for the range to be exported. The range can be specified by either pointing or typing, or a range name can be used. The specified range will then be exported to a .WKS file. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 28 RETRIEVING THE WORKSHEET ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To retrieve a worksheet select the /File, Retrieve command. A file management window will open, similar to that in the /File, Store, displaying worksheet files present in the default directory. Only one page of names is displayed at a time. To view more files, simply use the down arrow. Select your file by moving the pointer to highlight the file or type the file name and then press [ENTER]. COMBINING WORKSHEETS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The /FILE MERGE command will combine any designated worksheet file with the current file starting at the position occupied by the spreadsheet pointer. The information merged from the new file will overwrite any information present in the cells. WARNING: Information in cells overwritten cannot be recovered. When /File Merge is selected, choose either to merge the whole file or a named range from a specified file. Once this choice has been made, you are asked to specify whether to merge the formulas in the named range or file or just the calculated values in the range. NOTE: When the Merge-Range-Formulas is selected, the cell relationships are retained in the new worksheet. If a cell of the file being merged (from disk), contains a formula, and you selected /File, Merge, [All/Range], Value, then the last values contained in the cells when the worksheet was saved will be used in the merge operation. If you selected /File, Merge, [All/Range], Formula, then for cells in the file on disk that contained values, those values will be used in the merge operation. For cells that contained formulas, however, the contents of the current cells will be replaced with the formulas from the file on disk. You will now be provided with three options for the merged information; ADD, DIFF, and REPLACE. ADD will cause the cell contents of the file being merged to be added to the contents of the current file cells. DIFF will cause the cell contents of the file being merged to be subtracted from the contents of the current file cells. REPLACE will cause the cell contents of the file being merged to replace the contents of the current file cells. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 29 LEAVING THE WORKSHEET ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ MAKE SURE THAT YOU SAVED YOUR LATEST VERSION OF THE WORKSHEET! (see previous section on saving your worksheet). Access the command menu by pressing the [/] key. Select the EXIT command. You will be given a second chance to change your mind when ALITE asks if you want to quit, YES or NO. Highlight the word YES. ALITE will prompt you one last time, asking if you have saved your worksheet. If you wish to return to the worksheet, press [ESC], otherwise press [ENTER]. The program will now return to DOS. If you performed the above keystrokes by accident and did not intend to leave the spreadsheet, you are out of luck because all spreadsheet information in the computer memory has been lost. PRINTING ~~~~~~~~ You can print any portion of the spreadsheet to either a PRINTER or a print FILE (on your disk) or append a print file by selecting the "PrintTo" option from the main menu. PRINT TO A PRINTER ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To get into the printer menu, press the following sequence of keys. /pp Which stands for / PrintTo Printer. You are now in the print menu where all the print variations and options may be defined. The main Print menu contains the following commands: Range Stands for the rectangular area of the spreadsheet which is to be printed. tHIS MUST BE DEFINED PRIOR TO PRINTING. Border Print specified row(s) and/or column(s) as a border on every page of the output. LineFeed Advance the paper in the printer a single line. Formfeed Advance the paper in the printer to the top of the next page. Options Allows access to Sub-menu of printer options; margins, page length, header, footer, format type and printer setup string. (See print menu explanations for further details). Adjust Synchronize the program's top-of-page with the printer -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 30 top-of-page. The page and line counter are reset to 1. Note: If this synchronization is not done, you may get several blank lines in the middle of the printed page. This is the gap allotted to skip over sheet perforation. Go Starts the printer printing. All print output is directed to the printer attached to the parallel port (LPT1). To direct information to be printed to alternate ports use the Print, File command. As an example, to send output to serial port #1 (COM1), type: /PrintTo File COM1. [ENTER] and execute the Adjust Go commands. PRINTER BORDERS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The PrintTo Printer Borders command allows you to select row(s) and/or column(s) from your worksheet that you wish to have printed on every page. This is especially useful for large multi-page spreadsheets where you need to have column headings or row descriptors printed on your output. The Printer Borders command operates similar to Worksheet Borders. The print range need not be adjacent to the borders you've selected. This allows you to print part of a ledger complete with row and column headings. When Printer Borders is used, you must be careful when specifying the ranges. The rows and columns specified as your print border MUST NOT be included as part of your print range: you may end up with duplicate rows or columns in your output. To clear Printer Borders, select None under the Borders menu. PRINTER OPTIONS - MARGINS & PAGE LENGTH ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ALITE default margin settings are 0 for the left margin and 80 for the right margin. Both margins are measured in characters from the left side of the page. Using the default settings, you are able to print a range of up to 80 characters wide. Setting the left margin to 10 allows you to print a range 70 (80 minus 10), characters wide. If you've selected condensed print and your output continues to additonal pages while leaving a large right margin, chances are your right margin needs to be increased to accomodate the width of your print range. The default top and bottom margin setting is 2 lines. The margins are measured from the physical end of the page to the header or footer in -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 31 lines. If the top margin is set to 0, the header line will print on the first line of the page. If the top margin is set to 2 lines, the header will print on the third line of the page. A one line space is automatically left between the header or footer and the print range. The default page length is set to 66 lines. Most dot matrix printers default to 6 lines per inch, so no changes are required if you are printing on 11 inch long paper. If you wish to change the lines per inch spacing to 8, you must also change the lines per page to 88 (8 lpi X 11 inches) for headers, footers, and page breaks to work properly. Some laserjet printers default to a value other than 66 lines per inch. If this is the case, you must adjust the page lines accordingly. Note that if you have set your top and bottom margins equal to 0 and your page length equal to 66 lines, you are able to print a range of 60 rows on a page before the program will skip to a new page. One line at the top and bottom of the page is reserved for the perf-skip feature. Two lines each are reserved for headers and footers; one for the line of text and the second line serves as a spacer between the header or footer and the body of the text. PRINTER OPTIONS - HEADERS & FOOTERS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Centering headers and footers can be performed by separating pieces of text with the "|" character. i.e., if you have the following in your header line: PAGE|TITLE|DATE This will be translated into: PAGE TITLE DATE The first word, "PAGE", is left justified since it is not preceded by a "|" character. The second word, "TITLE", is centered since it is preceded by the first "|" character. The third word, "DATE", is right justified since it is preceded by the second "|" character. PRINTER OPTIONS - PAGE NUMBERS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sequential page numbering can be achieved by placing the "#" character in the header/footer line, e.g., placing the following in your header line, REPORT|TITLE|PAGE: # would result in the header line: -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 32 REPORT TITLE PAGE: X where X would be the actual page number starting with page 1 NOTE: Selecting /PPAdjust resets the page counter to 1. PRINTER OPTIONS - DATING A PAGE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Placement of the current date on the top/bottom of a printed page can be achieved by placing the "@" character in the header/footer line. i.e. Placing the following in your header line, REPORT|TITLE|DATE: @ would result in the header line if 12-Jan-90 were the current date: REPORT TITLE DATE: 12-Jan-90 PRINTER OPTIONS - EMBEDDED CODES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can place text enhancement printer control codes directly into a print range. This can be achieved by placing; |\xxx\yyy in the first column of the print range, where xxx and yyy are your printer's control codes. For example, if your print range was A1 to H20, by putting the following in the FIRST column (A1) of the print range, |\027\069 (This is the setup string for emphasized print on an EPSON printer. Note that the prefix character [|] will not be displayed). the result is emphasized text on an Epson printer. NOTE: Any data on the remainder of the line containing the printer control codes will not be printed. An entire line may be hidden during printing if a single "|" is placed in the first column. If you try to enter text-enhancing control codes inside a label, you'll find that when you enter Alt 027, you exit the edit mode. That's because control characters (ASCII less than 32), are translated by the program as Arrow keys, Esc key, etc. To enter control characters, you need to use the Edit Bypass Function key, [F3]. The sequence is: F3 Alt nnn. F3 is only active for one control character and must be pressed every time additional control characters are to be embedded. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 33 For example, if you want to print "This is a CONTROL code sample" on an EPSON printer with only the word "CONTROL" in condensed mode, the following keystrokes should be used: This is a F3 [Alt] 015 CONTROL F3 [Alt] 018 code sample. The 015 code turns the condensed print mode on and the 018 code turns the condensed print mode off. Page breaks can be forced by placing a single "|" followed by two colons "::" in your text. This must be placed in a cell that is in the left- most column of your print range. Information in cells to the right of the page break command will not be printed. A page break can also be inserted into your worksheet by using the following command: / Worksheet Insert Page This command will insert a new row and place "|::" in the cell at the current cursor location. PRINTER OPTIONS - TYPE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The output can be printed (to printer or file) in one of the following formats. AS SEEN Prints the output in row and column format (as displayed on screen) with headers, footers, and page breaks. CONTENTS Prints a columnar listing of all non-blank cells and their contents. Useful for printing cell formulas. NOFORM Prints the output without header and footer information and suppresses page breaks. CONTROLLING THE PRINTER ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Most printers can be controlled by sending a sequence of ASCii control codes to your printer. (For details and control codes, refer to your printer's user's manual). Commonly used codes for the EPSON series of printers are: \027\069 Turn on Emphasized text (or \027E) \027\070 Turn off Emphasized text (or \027F) \015 Turn on Condensed text \018 Turn off Condensed text The three digit number 027 stands for the [escape] code and the three digit number 069 stands for the capital letter 'E'. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 34 Printer codes may be entered by selecting the following PRINT commands: OPTION SETUP The spreadsheet accepts codes only if they are separated by the back- slash character [\] . To select the emphasized text mode, type the following in response to the prompt for the setup string (remember to use 3 digits): \027\069 [enter] To change the string, re-select the SETUP option. PRINT TO A FILE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To create an ASCII file (which contains the print range) for transfer to other programs (like databases or word processors) use the following procedure. Type: /pfTEST [ENTER] Which stands for / PrintTo File. At this point the program asks for the name of the print file. Type the name of the print file (in this case TEST) and press ENTER. An extension of ".prn" will automatically be attached to the file name. If you have already sent output to the print file during the current ALITE session, the name of the print file will appear at the prompt line and you can select it by just pressing ENTER. If you wish to append an existing ASCII print file, select / PrintTo Append. This command will print the selected range to the end of the specified print file. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 35 GRAPHS ~~~~~~ ALITE provides you with the capability to create high-quality graphs from your spreadsheet data. Hardcopy output can be generated on a 9-pin dot matrix printer, or a .PIC file can be created for use with your word processing or other graphics program. Five types of graphs can be created: X-Y Bar Pie Line Stack Many options are available to customize graphs for business presentations as well as for engineering and scientific analyses, etc. Graphs can be scaled on both the X (horizontal) axis and the Y (vertical) axis so that the entire graphed range (or a portion of the range) may be displayed. A logarithmic adjustment to either or both of the x and y scales may be performed to produce log or semi-log graphs. All data points are specified by ranges in the spreadsheet. The graph menu (/G) will display the following choices: Type Series Labels Options Reset Name View Plot Quit Up to six curves may be displayed on a single graph. Each curve corresponds to one of the Y ranges, A through F. The following provides details on all the options available to allow you to create customized graphs. GRAPHICS COMMAND SUMMARY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GRAPH TYPES, X-Y GRAPH ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In an X-Y graph, the Y-range values are presented as a function of X, i.e., y=f(x). Both ranges must contain values, and there must be a 1 to 1 correlation between the X- and Y-range elements. NOTE: If the X-range contains labels and you attempt to display an X-Y graph, the Y values will all be plotted at X=0 since the value of a label is zero. LINE GRAPH ~~~~~~~~~~ In the line graph, the Y values are plotted along the vertical axis using lines, symbols, or both. The X range data are treated as labels, whether numbers or text. The spacing along the X-axis will be equal. ALITE automatically generates a Y scale based on the maximum value in the Y range. The line graph is best suited for displaying data trends over a period of time. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 36 BAR GRAPH ~~~~~~~~~ A bar graph is similar to the line graph in that the Y range must be values and the X range is treated as labels. Vertical bars equal to the magnitude of the Y-values extend upward from the X-axis. The bar widths are automatically determined by ALITE. The greater the number of Y values being plotted, the narrower the bars. To differentiate the Y ranges, ALITE assigns a unique shading to each bar for ranges A through F. The bar graph may be used for comparing data for specific periods of time. STACKED BAR GRAPH ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A stacked bar graph is similar to the bar graph. However, the vertical bars represent the cumulative value of the Y values, with each Y value having a shaded height equal to its magnitude. The last defined Y-range will be plotted on the bottom of the bars, proceeding upwards from F to A. A stacked bar graph is best for showing the relative values of each part to the total for a series that varies with time. PIE GRAPH ~~~~~~~~~ A pie graph shows the relative value relationships for a single Y range (the A range) with each data item represented as a slice of the pie. The X range will be used as labels for each pie slice. ALITE will calculate and display the fraction of the pie represented by each slice. Since the pie graph has no axes, X- and Y-axes titles are not used, as well as the options grid and format. To display the pie slice fractions as percentages, select / Graphics Options Scale Y-Scale Format Percent and specify the number of decimal places. ALITE also has the ability to create and display an "exploding" pie graph, where selected slices can be separated from the pie. To explode a slice, the distance in pixels for that slice must be specified in the B range. You may wish to start with a pixel value of 10 and experiment until you find a value that is satisfactory. The pie graph is useful for depicting the relative contribution made by each data item to the whole. SERIES (X A B C D E F) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Specify the X and Y ranges for the graph. Ranges can be specified either by the pointing or typing method, or by using a predefined range name. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 37 A basic difference between X-Y type graphs and other types of graphs should be remembered. Line graphs and bar graphs represent a set of values as vertical distances. The only numeric scale in this type of graph is the one along the vertical axis. The horizontal axis displays all items in the X range in a non-numeric, equally spaced sequence of text, (e.g. dates, names of cities, etc.). The X-Y type graphs are two-dimensional. They represent pairs of values as a function of their horizontal and vertical coordinates. LABELS ~~~~~~ Define a range of labels that are to be used to mark each of the data points on the specified graph range. A one-to-one correspondence is needed between the range being plotted and the labels for that range. ABOVE - Labels to be placed above each of the data points. BELOW - Labels to be placed below each of the data points. LEFT - Labels to be placed to the left of each of the data points. RIGHT - Labels to be placed to the right of each of the data points. NONE - Cancel data labels previously defined for the selected range. GRAPH OPTIONS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GRAPH OPTIONS - LEGEND ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Allows the user to enter text which describe the Y ranges LINE - The graph legends appear in a single line beneath the X-axis. TABLE - The graph legend appears to the right of the graph. NONE - If this option is selected, the graph legend is cancelled. GRAPH OPTIONS - FORMAT ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Set the format for the graph or Y ranges. You can set the format for either the entire graph or individually for each data range. The formats available are shown below. NONE - Do not plot lines or symbols (plot nothing). LINES - Connect data points with lines only. No symbols shown. NOTE: Only contiguous Data points will be connected. SYMBOLS - Identify data points with symbols only. BOTH - Identify data points with symbols and connect with lines. DEPTH - Depth toggles the 3-D bar mode for bar graphs on and off. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 38 GRAPH OPTIONS - TITLES ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Specify the titles to appear on the graph. The selections available from the Titles menu are: First - Define main title string on graph. Second - Define second title string on graph. X-Axis - Define the X-axis title. Y-Axis - Define the Y-axis title. GRAPH OPTIONS - SCALE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SCALE options allow you to change the way the X-and Y-axes are displayed on your graph. AUTO - Program selects lower and upper scale limits automatically. MANUAL - Scaling of the selected axis is specified by the user. If MANUAL is selected, the user must specify the UPPER and LOWER limits, which default to a value of 0. UPPER - Upper value limit that will be used in drawing the axis. LOWER - Lower value limit that will be used in drawing the axis. FORMAT - Specify the value/label format to be used in displaying the values for the selected axis. STEP - Specify the number of intervals to be used between the upper and lower values selected for this axis. EXP - Specify an exponential scaling of the selected axis. NOTE: When EXP and the UPPER and LOWER limits have been manually selected for an axis, ALITE will utilize the appropriate multiple of 10 in order to display a complete exponential cycle. NORMAL - Cancel the Exponential option for the selected axis. GRAPH OPTIONS - GRID ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Select a horizontal and/or vertical grid at each scale division on your graph with a solid or dotted line. HORIZONTAL - Draw a horizontal line at each scale division of the Y-axis. VERTICAL - Draw a vertical line at each scale division of the X-axis. BOTH - Draw a horizontal line at each scale division of the Y-axis and a vertical line at each division of the X-axis. CLEAR - Clear Grids. No grid (vertical or horizontal) will be drawn. DOT - Specify a dotted grid line. This is usually preferable since it does not interfere with the solid lines of the actual graph. SOLID - Specify a solid grid line. This is useful if the user is designing graph paper, or for other special applications. GRAPH OPTIONS - COLOR ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Select between pattern fills or solid color fills for use with bar, stacked bar, and pie graphs. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 39 RESET ~~~~~ Reset all the options for the entire graph or for a selected range back to the default settings. NAME ~~~~ This option allows you to have more than one graph and associated settings and titles defined in a single worksheet. USE - Select one of the previously named graphs and make it the current graph. All current settings are replaced with the named graph's settings. The named graph will be viewed after its selection. CREATE - Create a name for the current graph settings and save the graph settings under that name. DELETE - Delete one of the previously named graph settings. MERGE - This command allows you to superimpose a NAMED graph and the currently defined graph. The NAMED graph will be scaled on the right side of the graph with its own set of scaling factors, limits, formats, etc. NOTE: To disable the merge feature select: /Graph, Name, Reset SPLIT - This command allows you to display a NAMED graph and the currently defined graph one above the other. The NAMED graph will be displayed as the bottom graph. Each graph will have its own set of scaling factors, limits, formats, etc. NOTE: To disable the split feature select: /Graph, Name, Reset RESET - Reset the merge or split option so that only one graph will be displayed. VIEW ~~~~ View the graph currently defined. The resolution depends on your graphics board: CGA 640 x 200 pixels, 1 color Hercules 720 x 348 pixels, 1 color EGA 640 x 350 pixels, 16 colors AT&T 640 x 400 pixels, 1 color PLOT ~~~~ Enter the menu for producing hard copy of the current graph on a dot matrix printer via LPT1. Plots generated by ALITE are sized according to user specified values. The maximum size is 8.5 inches horizontal by 11 inches vertical. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 40 PLOT - IMAGE ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Specify the height, width, top, bottom and left margins for the graph. Dimensions are in decimal inches times 100. Six inches is entered as 600. HIGH - Specify the height of the graph to be generated on the printer. WIDE - Specify the width of the graph to be generated on the printer. TOP - Specify the top margin, which is the distance between the top of the paper and the top of the graph. The top margin includes the graph titles. BOTTOM - Specify the bottom margin, which is the distance between the bottom of the paper and the graph legend. The bottom margin includes the graph legend. LEFT - Specify the distance between the Y-scale title and the Y-scale division labels. NOTE: To adjust the left margin, which is the distance between the left side of the paper and the Y-scale title, use /PrintTo Printer Options Margin Left. PLOT - DENSITY ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Specify the graph print density. LOW - Specify single pass density for the printer. Selecting this option is recommended for plotting draft graphs because the printing speed is about twice as fast as high density. HIGH - Specify a high resolution print option. This option will produce a dark, good quality graph using a double printer pass. PAPER ~~~~~ Specify the physical HEIGHT and WIDTH of the paper. EJECT ~~~~~ Advance the printer to the top of the next page. GO ~~ Start printing the graph according to the options specified above. Printing of the graph can be stopped at any time by pressing the [ESC] key. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 41 CREATING A GRAPH ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A simple graph can be created by performing the following steps: 1. Select Graphics from the main menu 2. Specify the X range 3. Select the range of at least one of the Y ranges (A thru F) 4. Select the type of graph desired 5. Select VIEW to display the graphics on the screen. NOTE: ALITE will only display your graph if you have a graphics-type video card. An error message will be displayed if ALITE determines you have the incorrect video card type. The user can view the current graph by either pressing the function key F10 from the ready mode, or by selecting the /Graph, View command. By selecting the OPTIONS command, graph titles, grids, scales, legends, labels, and formats for your graph may be specified, allowing you to customize your graph. SAVING A GRAPH ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ When a spreadsheet is saved, the current graph settings and named graph settings are saved with it. When the file is retrieved, those graph settings are retrieved as well. The user can then view the current graph by either pressing the function key F10 from the ready mode, or the selecting the /Graph, View command. Sometimes more than one graph might need to be created from the data in a worksheet. That's no problem. Instead of having to re-specify the settings every time you want to look at a previous graph, you can use the /Graph, Name, Create and Use commands. When the /Graph, Name, Create command is invoked, the program saves the current graph settings under the user specified name. To select and view a named graph, select the /Graph, Name, Use command and select or type the desired graph name. The selected graph becomes the currently defined graph. @FUNCTIONS ~~~~~~~~~~ A function is denoted by an @ (at) character preceding a function keyword. The following functions act upon the argument (represented by 'x') contained within the parenthesis. The argument may be a value or formula which refers to other cells within the spreadsheet. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 42 STRING FUNCTIONS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +Cell Syntax: +Cell Address ----------------------------- This has the same effect as when used with values. The above entry indicates that the current cell will always have the same contents as Cell, whether Cell contains a string or a value. [@@] Syntax: @@(Cell) ------------------------- The @@ function is used to indirectly address the location described by the string in Cell (another spreadsheet cell). NOTE: If the indirectly referenced cell changes, you must refresh the value with the F9 key or the {CALC} macro. @CHR Syntax: @CHR(Num) -------------------------- Returns the ASCII character corresponding to Num (fractional values are ignored). @LENGTH Syntax: @LENGTH(String) ---------------------------------- Returns the number of characters in String. Please note that spaces are also characters. @MID Syntax: @MID(String,Start,Num) ------------------------------------- Returns a substring from String Num characters long, starting at position Start (from the left). @N Syntax: @N(Cell) ---------------------- Similar to @S. This function inspects Cell, and returns the value contained in it. If the cell is blank, or contains a string, then the function returns zero. @ORD Syntax: @ORD(String) ------------------------------ Returns the decimal ASCII code of first character of String. All other characters in String are ignored. @REPEAT Syntax: @REPEAT(String,Num) ---------------------------------------- Repeats the String argument Num times. @S Syntax: @S(Cell) ---------------------- This function inspects Cell, and returns the string contained in it. If the cell is blank, or contains a numeric value, then the function returns a null string. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 43 @S acts as a filter and will only return a string reference. It may be used in cases where a referenced cell may contain either a value or a string, without generating an error condition. @STR Syntax: @STR(Value,Num) ------------------------------- Returns a string made up of Value with Num digits after the decimal. @UPPER Syntax: @UPPER(String) --------------------------------- Converts all characters of String to upper case. Numbers and special characters remain unchanged. @VAL Syntax: @VAL(String) ----------------------------- Converts String into a numeric value. String may also be a string function, but you cannot embed value formulas in the String. If a value formula is embedded, then the value of zero is returned. MATH FUNCTIONS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (The arguments for all trigonometric functions must be in radians) @ABS Syntax: @ABS(x) ----------------------- Returns the absolute value of the argument. @ACOS Syntax: @ACOS(x) ------------------------- Arc cosine of value, returns radians. @ASIN Syntax: @ASIN(x) ------------------------- Arc sine of value, returns radians. @ATAN Syntax: @ATAN(x) ------------------------- Arc Tangent of value, returns radians. @COS Syntax: @COS(x) ----------------------- Cosine of angle x in radians. @SIN(x) Syntax: @SIN(x) -------------------------- Sine of angle x in radians. @TAN Syntax: any value in radians ------------------------------------- Tangent of angle x in radians. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 44 @EXP Syntax: @EXP(x) ------------------------ Exponential of x (raise 'e' to the 'x' power). @FALSE ------ Constant which has a value of 0. @INT Syntax= @INT(x) ----------------------- Integer value of argument. The fractional part of the number is truncated and the integer remainder is returned. @LOG Syntax: @LOG(x) ------------------------ Returns the logarithm to base '10' of the argument, (a negative argument will result in an error). @LN Syntax: @LN(x) ---------------------- Returns the natural Logarithm (base 'e') of the argument, (a negative argument will result in an error). @MOD(x,y) --------- Modulo division, returns the remainder of x divided by y. @NA --- Constant which has a value of -1. @PI --- Constant which has a value of 3.1415926536 @RAND ----- Returns a new random number with each recalculation. @ROUND(x,y) ----------- Rounds the value of x to y digits right of the decimal. Negative numbers round to left of decimal. @SQRT(x) -------- Returns the square root of argument, (a negative argument will result in an error). @TRUE ----- Constant has a value of 1. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 45 FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PLease note that in using the financial functions, all interest rates must be expressed in decimal fractions. Furthermore, the interest rate must use the same periods as the payment. If a monthly payment is desired, the interest rate must be expressed as a monthly rate (equal to the annual rate divided by 12). @FV Syntax: @FV(Annuity,Interest Rate,Period) ------------------------------------------------ Annuity = Periodic payment amount Interest = Periodic interest rate Period = Number of periods Returns the future value corresponding to an annuity occurring over the specified period. @IRR Syntax: @IRR(Guesstimate Interest Rate,Range) ----------------------------------------------------- Guesstimate Interest Rate = Best guess at internal rate of return periodic interest rate Range = Cell range which contains the cash flow return values Returns the Rate of Return per period associated with a cash flow. The solution is iterative and may result in more than one correct answer. @NPV Syntax: @NPV(Interest Rate,Range) ------------------------------------------ Interest Rate = Periodic interest rate Range = Cell range which in which the series of cash flows is to be stored Returns the net present value of a cash flow over interest period. @PMT Syntax: @PMT(Principal,Interest Rate,Period) ---------------------------------------------------- Principal = Principal amount Interest Rate = Periodic interest rate Period = Number of periods Returns the amount of an annuity equal to the principal amortized over the period. @PV Syntax: @PV(Annuity,Interest Rate,Period) ------------------------------------------------ Annuity = Periodic payment amount Interest = Periodic interest rate Period = Number of periods Returns the present value corresponding to an annuity occurring over the specified period. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 46 LOGICAL FUNCTIONS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @IF Syntax: @IF(Test argument,arg1,arg2) ------------------------------------------- If the test is true, Arg1 is returned, otherwise Arg2 is returned. TEST can utilize logical operators '>,<,=,<>' etc., or refer to the result of a cell with a logical result in it. @ISNUM Syntax: @ISNUM(Cell) ------------------------------ This function is similar to the @ISSTR function. It will return 1 for TRUE if the cell contains a number or a formula, 0 for FALSE. @ISSTR Syntax: @ISSTR(Cell) ------------------------------ This function checks to see if the specified cell contains a label. It returns 1 for TRUE if the cell contains a string or a label, 0 for FALSE. STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @AVG Syntax: @AVG(Range) --------------------------- Returns the average of all values in the Range. @COUNT Syntax: @COUNT(Range) ------------------------------- Returns the number of elements in Range, (blank cells are ignored). @FACT Syntax: @FACT(X) ------------------------- Returns the factorial of X. @MAX Syntax: @MAX(Range) --------------------------- Returns the maximum value in Range. @MIN Syntax: @MIN(Range) --------------------------- Returns the minimum value in Range. @STD Syntax: @STD(Range) --------------------------- Returns the standard deviation of the elements in Range. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 47 @SUM Syntax: @SUM(Range) --------------------------- Returns the sum of all values in Range. @VAR Syntax: @VAR(Range) --------------------------- Returns the population variance of Range. SPECIAL FUNCTONS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @CASE Syntax: @CASE(Num,Arg2,....Argn) ----------------------------------------- Num = Any number or calculated value Arg1...ArgN = Any number, string, character Returns the NUM-th argument from the argument list, e.g., @CASE(2,"A",17,"ABC",4) = 17 @COLS Syntax: @COLS(Range) ----------------------------- Returns the number of columns in the specified range. @HTABLE Syntax: @HTABLE(Criterion,Range,Offset) ------------------------------------------------- Criterion = Value to be used for match in top row of range Range = Cell range which contains criterion range as top row and includes data value table Offset = Number of rows down in data value table from which to return a value Returns the value at a vertical offset in the column that matches the criterion. This function operates as follows: Search starts at the upper left cell and proceeds until a value is found which is greater than the criterion. The position of the previous value is then used as a starting offset into the table. The offset is added to the top row and the value at the offset position is returned by the function. @HTERP Syntax: @HTERP(Cell,Range,Offset) ------------------------------------------- Perform a straight-line interpolation based on table specified by Range. It operates similar to @HTABLE function, but returns an interpolated value rather than a value in the table. @LINK Syntax: @LINK("Filename>Cell") -------------------------------------- NOTE: Double quotes and the '>' character are necessary. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 48 As the name indicates, it links cells in the current worksheet to cells in a worksheet on disk. Once this function is entered, a link is created but it is not updated. As a result, as soon as this function is entered, the cell frequently displays 'ERR'. Do not panic, the created links are not updated until the /File, Uplink command is executed. At that time, the values in the referenced cell of the indicated worksheet on disk are retrieved and placed in the calling cell. NOTE: The last value saved in the referenced cell from the file on disk will be used, i.e., no recalculation will take place prior to extracting the value from the referenced cell. @ROWS Syntax: @ROWS(Range) ----------------------------- Returns the number of rows in the specified range. @VTABLE Syntax: @VTABLE(Criterion,Range,Offset) -------------------------------------------------- Criterion = Value to be used for match in left column of range Range = Cell range which contains criterion range as left column and includes data value table Offset = Number of columns right in data value table from which to return a value Returns the value at a horizontal offset in the row that matches the criterion. The @VTABLE function operates as follows: Search starts at the upper left cell and proceeds until a value is found which is greater than the criterion. The position of the previous value is then used as a starting offset into the table. The offset is added to the top row and the value at the offset position is returned by the function. @VTERP Syntax: @VTERP(Cell,Range,Offset) ------------------------------------------- Similar to @HTERP, but scans vertically (row by row). DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The functions below are based on the number of days since Jan 1, 1900. In order to have the value displayed in a date form, the cell(s) have to be formated with one of the date formats (see formatting section). -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 49 @DATE Syntax: @DATE(Year,Month,Day) -------------------------------------- Year = Value corresponding to last two digits of year Month = Value corresponding to month of year, 1-12 Day = Value corresponding to day of month, 1-31 Returns a unique integer for each day since January 1, 1900. @DATEVAL Syntax: @DATEVAL("MM/DD/YY") --------------------------------------- Convert the string argument to a date number representing the month(MM):day(DD):year(YY). Note that the cell can be formatted to display the above VALUE in a date format. @DAY Syntax: @DAY(x) ----------------------- Based on a unique day assigned to 'x', computes the day in the month of that date. @HOUR Syntax: @HOUR(Value) ----------------------------- Returns the hours corresponding to the fractional portion of Value. The integer portion of Value (representing days) is ignored. @MINUTE Syntax: @MINUTE(Value) --------------------------------- Returns the minutes corresponding to the fractional portion of Value. The integer portion of Value (representing days) is ignored. @MONTH Syntax: @MONTH(x) --------------------------- Based on a unique day assigned to "x", computes the month in which that day occurs. @SECOND Syntax: @SECOND(Value) ---------------------------------- Value = Any number or calculated value in days or value formula Returns the seconds corresponding to the fractional portion of Value. The integer portion of Value (representing days) is ignored. @TIMEVAL Syntax: @TIMEVAL("HH:MM:SS") ---------------------------------------- HH = Value representing number of hours MM = Value representing number of minutes SS = Value representing number of seconds Convert the string argument to a real number representing the hour(s):minute(s):second(s) as a fraction of a day. Note that the cell can be formatted to display the above VALUE in a time format. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 50 NOTE: The time value is calculated using the following formula: Hour + Min/60 + Second/3600 ────────────────────────── 24 @TODAY ------ Returns the unique number corresponding to today's date referenced to January 1, 1900. @TODAY returns the number 32325 if today is July 1, 1988. If the cell were formatted as Date D-M-Y, then the date 1-Jul-88 is displayed. NOTE: @TODAY is NOT automatically updated when a spreadsheet is retrieved, even if the recalculation mode is set for automatic. You must recalc the spreadsheet by manually pressing the [F9] function key or by macro command. @YEAR Syntax: @YEAR(x) ------------------------- Based on a unique day assigned to 'x', computes the year in which that day occurs. DATA MANAGEMENT ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In addition to the typical spreadsheet format, ALITE includes powerful DATA commands which enhance your ability to create sophisticated data management applications, what-if tables, etc. DATA FILL ~~~~~~~~~ The Data-Fill command allows you to fill a range with an arithmetic sequence of equally spaced values. For example, assume that you want to fill a range of cells with real values that range from 3 to 43 in increments of two. Move the cursor to the begining of the range. Invoke the Data-Fill command (/DF), enter range to fill, the starting value (in this case 3), and the increment value (2). Voila! DATA SORT ~~~~~~~~~ The Data Sort command is used to rearrange the information in a worksheet in alphabetical or numerical order. The sorting process operates on rows. Every row within the specified sort range will be sorted in the same order. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 51 Two sorting criteria can be specified (i.e. two different columns), if desired, the primary and secondary sort criteria. The secondary criterion is used in cases where more that one row (in the specified primary criterion column) contain the same information, i.e., as a tie-breaker. See the simple example below: Original Range Sorted on B Sorted on B & A -------------- -------------- ----------------- .....A/.......B/ .....A/.......B/ .....A/.......B/ 1 Jim Jones 1 Jim Jones 1 Bill Jones 2 John Wilson 2 Bill Jones 2 Jim Jones 3 Mike Williams 3 Mike Williams 3 Mike Williams 4 Bill Jones 4 John Wilson 4 Dave Wilson 5 Dave Wilson 5 Dave Wilson 5 Mike Wilson -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 52 DATA BIN ~~~~~~~~ The Data Bin command creates a frequency distribution table displaying the count of values in a range that falls within given ranges, bins, as well as the frequency of values within that range. The bins are a block of values, in ascending order, placed anywhere in the worksheet. The requirements for setting up the bins are: 1. The bin values are contained in a single column block, and 2. There are two blank columns directly to the right of the bin range. (This is the area that will be filled by the /DB command). Once this command is invoked, the user is prompted to supply the "Analysis" range and the "Bin" range. ANALYSIS range, as the name indicates, is the range containing the values that the user needs to perform the frequency distribution on. BIN range is the column containing the bin (group) values, with two blank columns to the right. An example of a Data Bin operation is shown below: ANALYSIS RANGE BINS -------------- ----------- 1.5 1 0 0 2.0 3 4 0.50 3.5 6 4 0.50 2.5 5.0 1.2 3.3 4.4 DATA REGRESSION ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Data Regress command allows you to determine the coefficients which correspond to a least squares fit of a straight line to a set of X and Y data. Consider an example that has X-values in cells A4..A9 and Y-values in cells B4..B9. Now follow the sequence of keystrokes presented below: /DRXA4..A9~YB4..B9~OD4~ This will invoke the Data Regress command. The program will prompt for the X (or independent) range; (A4..A9) the Y (or dependent) range; (B4..B9) and the location that you want the output to be placed (D4). -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 53 The Y-Intercept and slope of a straight line going through the data points will then be displayed in cells D4 and D5. Additionally, values for R squared, the sum of the X squared values, the sum of the Y squared values, and the sum of the X*Y values are also displayed. DATABASE OPERATIONS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A database is information stored in a range of one or more rows and columns. The information that can be stored in a database is almost anything that one normally keeps track of. Each row (all the information for one customer) is called a record of the database. Each column has a heading identifying the information stored in the cells beneath it. Each heading is called a "field" of the record. Once the information is stored in this database format, you can look at it many different ways and gain valuable information from it using the ALITE database commands. There are three ranges in the Database Menu which must be defined. The INPUT range, the CRITERION range and the OUTPUT range. The operations that can be performed, based on the above ranges, are: FIND - Highlight records that match the criterion range. EXTRACT - Copy records that meet the criterion range into the output range. The three ranges and the operation of the ALITE database are explained in the following sections. The Input Range ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The input range is the entire area where the database information is stored or, alternatively, the portion of the database that you want to use for the database operations. When the input range is specified, you must include the headings as the top row of the range. The Criterion Range ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The criterion range contains the criteria that will be used to perform the FIND or EXTRACT operations on the Input range of the database. The minimum number of rows that can be used to define the criterion range is two. The top row ALWAYS contains the field headings exactly as they appear in the database. It is good practice to copy these -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 54 headings from the database itself to assure that they are exactly the same. Subsequent rows contain the actual criteria. Criteria fall into two categories: character comparisons and numeric comparisons. Character comparisons can be performed by looking for an exact match or by using wildcard characters. The "?" substitutes for any single character in the comparison string. The "*" will match all characters to the right of the asterisk position. An ellipsis "..." (3 dots) preceding a string will search each record for the occurence of that string. Numeric comparisons can be performed by using all of the logical operators defined in the Logical Operators section. Criteria placed in adjacent columns are treated as logical ANDs, while criteria placed in adjacent rows are treated as logical ORs. ALITE provides you with the option to facilitate the inputting of criteria. The command / Data Input Criteria operates similar to / Data Input Form described earlier. After the criteria range is selected, a criteria input form will appear in the middle of the screen. The user can then enter the criteria for each field heading. If multiple matches for the same heading are desired, ALITE will generate a second form once the first form has been completed. An example of Data Input Criteria is shown in the database example. Although this might sound complicated, an example later on will demonstrate how all these rules work. The Output Range ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The EXTRACT command causes records that match the criteria to be placed in the output range. The output range should contain the headings of the fields from which information is to be extracted. Reset ~~~~~ The RESET command resets the data input, output and criteria ranges. MACROS ~~~~~~ A macro is a sequence of keystrokes which may be activated by pressing the combination of the Alt key and a letter key or by using the [F3] key macro execute. An example macro would be the following: {RT}{RT}{DN} The words/letters in braces represent an action keystroke. The above macro will move the pointer two cells to the right and one cell down. A macro may be placed in any cell and must have a special type of RANGE NAME assigned to its location. The special range name is the backslash [\] followed immediately by any letter from 'A' thru 'Z' or the -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 55 numbers 0 through 9. For example: \A This specific macro may be activated by pressing the [alt] key and the letter 'A' simultaneously. Therefore, even though the backslash is used to define the range name it actually represents the [alt] key. If you desire a macro to automatically execute upon retrieval of a spreadsheet, name your macro '\0' ( Zero). When ALITE retrieves your spreadsheet, it searches for a macro named '\0'. If one exists, it is automatically executed. You can have only one auto-executing macro in a spreadsheet. NOTE: To edit an auto-executing macro, it may be necessary to use the / File Merge command to keep the macro from auto-executing as it would if / File Retrieve were used. DEFINING A MACRO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The powerful macros that are supported by ALITE provide a complete programming environment for most applications. Macros can be chained together to provide self running applications that do virtually anything that can be done manually through the command mode. Macro commands can be typed in directly from the keyboard. This requires that you know the exact sequence of macro commands to perform the desired action ahead of time. EXECUTING A MACRO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ There are two ways to execute your macro. The first step is to name your macro. To define a range name, type the following: /BNC which stands for /BLOCK, NAME, CREATE. After you press the letter 'C'(for CREATE) ALITE will prompt YOU for the name of the range. Now type the range name and press the [ENTER] key AFTER you are finished. (Be careful, don't include any spaces in the range name). The next step involves typing (or pointing) the cell which the macro occupies. If the macro was in cell A1, then type A1 [ENTER]. The simplest method of executing macros is to name your macro using the special range name character \ followed by a single letter as discussed previously. Pressing the [ALT] key and the letter name of your macro simultaneously will execute your macro. Naming your macro \0 (zero) will create a macro that will auto execute each time the spreadsheet is retrieved. A second method to execute a macro is by pressing the [F3] Macro Execute function key. Type in the name of your macro and hit [ENTER], and ALITE will execute your macro. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 56 MACRO MENU ESCAPE SEQUENCE ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This feature allows the user to develop multi-level menu driven applications. Pressing [ESC] while a macro menu is displayed, instead of stopping the macro execution, can return the user to the previous menu or to any other execution point or action. The menu structure is such that the cell to the right of the last menu option is blank, but the cell two rows below it can contain a macro command to be executed if the [ESC] key is pressed while the menu is being displayed. Example: Consider the following menu macro setup, -------A/-------B/-------C/-------D/-------E/-------F/-- 1 2 Retrieve Duplicate ..Blank.. 3 Get Data Copy the data ..Blank.. 4 /FRDATA~ /BCdata1~b10~ {JUMPMENU START} 5 {RET} {RET} 6 The macro menu displayed with this macro would look like: ┌───────────┐ │ Retrieve │ │ Duplicate │ └───────────┘ If you press the [ESC] key, execution would be transferred to the macro menu called "START" (this example assumes that you have defined another macro menu called START). MACRO KEYWORDS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ All menu commands in ALITE can be invoked from within a macro with the key-letter (the first letter in the command). In addition, the following cursor movements have macro keywords: MACRO COMMAMD MEANING ------- ------------ {LT X} - Move cursor X cells to the Left {RT X} - Move cursor X cells to the Right {DN X} - Move cursor X cells Downward {UP X} - Move cursor X cells Upward {PGUP X} - Move cursor X pages (20 Rows) Up {PGDN X} - Move cursor X pages (20 Rows) Down {BS X} - Backspace X characters to the Left of the cursor {PGRT X} - Move the cursor X pages to the Right {PGLT X} - Move the cursor X pages to the Left -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 57 {HOME} - Move cursor to cell A1 {END} - Same as the [END] key {NAME} - Name, show matrix of names {ABS} - ABS, make cell reference absolute [F4] {GOTO} - GoTo a specified cell, [F5] {WINDOW} - If window active toggles the cursor between windows otherwise toggle the cursor between the current and previous cursor locations, [F6] {CALC} - Recalculate all cells, [F9] {GRAPH} - View the specified graph, [F10] {EDIT} - Places the current cell in the Edit mode {ESC X} - Represents the [ESC] (Escape) key. It allows you to back out of X menus, or cancel an option. ~ - Tilde (~), same as the [ENTER] key NOTES: 1. The keystroke [ENTER] in a macro is represented by the tilde (~). 2. All macro commands MUST be enclosed in curly braces {}. 3. The X in the above listing is optional, i.e., {RT 5} moves the cursor to the right 5 cells, whereas {RT} moves the cursor to the right just one cell. Macros are executed from left to right in a given cell and proceed row by row until a blank cell is reached, the [ESC] key is pressed or the {QUIT} macro keyword is executed. For example, assume that cells A5 and A6 contain the following macro: (when typing a macro, remember to start each line with a single quote to avoid executing the commands as you are typing). Cell CONTENTS A5 '{HOME}/c~.{RT}{RT}~ A6 '{GOTO}A1~/m.{RT}~B10~{GOTO}B12~/Be~ Assign a range name, \T, to cell A5 by pressing: /bnc\T [ENTER] When you press ALT-T the macro is interpreted as follows: MACRO COMMAND ACTION TAKEN ------- ------------ {HOME} Cursor moves to cell A1 /c Copy command is invoked. ~ Copy From is A1, Copy To is shown. . Cursor is anchored at cell A1. {RT}{RT} Cursor expands two cells onto cells B1 & C1 ~ Copying takes place, contents of cell A1 are copied to cells B1 and C1. Execution is transferred to A6. {GOTO}A1~ This is the same as pressing F5, typing A1 -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 58 and pressing [ENTER] in command mode. Cursor moves to A1. /m Move command is invoked. . Pointer is anchored. Move From A1..A1 is shown. {RT} Cursor moves to B1. Move From A1..B1 shown. ~ Move From complete. Move To A1 is shown. B10~ Cursor moves to B10, contents of cells A1 and B1 are moved to cells B10 and B11. {GOTO}B12~ Cursor moves to B12. /b Block submenu is selected. e Erase command invoked ~ Contents of cell B12 are erased. Execution of the macro stops, provided cell A7 is blank. ADVANCED MACROS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The advanced macro capabilities of ALITE complete a powerful programing environment. Using these macros, you can set up your own custom menus, set up programming loops, branching and execute sub- routines. NOTE: All commands below may ONLY be used in an executing macro. {?} --- Pauses macro execution and awaits keyboard input. Useful for interrupting macro to allow movement around worksheet or entry of data. Macro execution continues only after [ENTER] or [ESC] is pressed. {BEEP} ------ Produces a beep sound. This macro could be useful at the end of unattended macro(s) to signal the user that some task is completed, or to get the user's attention when a prompt for information is introduced. {CURSOR} -------- This variable refers to the cell occupied by the current position of the cursor. Example: Assume that cells A1 through A100 contain the values 1., 3., 4.5, and 8. randomly distributed. Let's say that you want to replace all occurences of the value 8. with 1.25. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 59 The following macro would do the trick for you: Cell Contents Explanation B1 0 Set a counter cell B2 {GOTO A1} Go to begining of range B3 {If CURSOR=8}{LET CURSOR,1.25} Set the criterion B4 {LET B1,B1+1} Increase counter by 1 B5 {IF B1=100}{JUMP OUT} Check if all 100 cells have been processed (if the counter cell reached 100). If yes, jump out of the loop. B6 {DN} Move the cursor down one cell. B7 {JUMP BEGIN} Repeat the loop B8 {QUIT} Stop executing macro. ** Don't forget to define the following range names: Range Name Cell BEGIN B3 OUT B8 \A B2 <-Press Alt-A to start macro {IF Condition}Action... ----------------------- If the 'condition' is met, then proceed with the identified 'action' in the same cell, otherwise continue with the macro in the cell below this command. This macro command is very similar to the if-then-else structure found in many programming languages. It is important to remember, however, that the "then" action goes in the same cell as the IF test. Example: {goto}a1~Macro Example~ {IF Test>2}{JUMP a50} {calc} Explanation: Position cursor on cell A1. Place the string 'Macro Example' in that cell. If the value of the cell named 'Test' is greater than 2, go to cell A50 and start executing the macro in that cell. If the value of 'Test' is less than 2, then recalculate the spreadsheet. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 60 {JUMP Location} --------------- This macro instructs the program to continue executing at a new 'location'. The 'location' can either be a cell location (A1, B345, AG5) or a range name that was created with the /Block, Name, Create command. Be careful, this command is different than the {GOTO} macro command. {JUMP} simply tells the program which macro to execute next, whereas, {GOTO} transfers the cell pointer to the specified cell. Example: {goto}a1~Macro Example~ {JUMP a50} Explanation: Go to cell A1, place the string 'Macro Example' in that cell and then jump to cell A50 and execute the macro in that cell, while the cell pointer is still at A1. {LET A1,EXPRESSION} ------------------- Evaluates the formula "EXPRESSION", and places the value in A1. Use of this command does not require that you physically move the cursor to A1 before entering data, therefore, it can reduce moving back and forth between various portions of the worksheet. EXPRESSION can be any valid mathematical or logical expression. Example: {Let A3,A3+1} increments the value in cell A3 by one. {MENUJUMP Location} ------------------- Transfers execution to the macro menu at "Location". Allows the user to make a menu selection, and then executes the macro identified below that menu selection. The macro menu has to follow the guidelines given below: - Two rows are used for the creation of the menu. Each menu option can be up to 30 characters long. - The cell to the right of the last item of the menu must be empty to indicate the end of the menu. - Each selection is placed in an individual cell in the first row. - Each cell in the second row contains the explanation of the command in the cell above it. Whenever the user moves the cursor highlighting one of the menu options, the control panel displays the explanation for that menu selection. A macro menu performs identically to the standard ALITE command menus. Hint: Avoid menu entries that start with the same character, so that an option can be selected by a unique first letter. The menu converts all selections to upper case, so that menu selections 'Trial' and 'tRIAL' would look the same to the program when executing a command. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 61 When a user selects one of the items in the menu, ALITE starts execution of the macro on the third row in the column of the selected menu choice. {QUIT} ------ Stops execution of the macro and returns to the 'Ready' mode. {RET} or {RETURN} ----------------- When this command is encountered, execution is returned to the cell just below the last {CALL} command, i.e., to the macro that called the subroutine terminated with {RET}. If no {CALL} command exists, and a {RET} command is encountered, a macro error occurs. -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 62 INDEX ~~~~~ [/] key 12 ABSOLUTE/RELATIVE ADDRESSES 24 ADVANCED MACROS 59 AT&T Monochrome System 10 Autoload Worksheet 10 BAR GRAPH 37 Cell Reeferences 22 CGA 9 CIRCULAR REFERENCES 27 Colors 11 Column Divider Centered 10 Column Division Character 10 Column Heading Character 11 COMBINING WORKSHEETS 29 command line switches 10 CONTROLLING THE PRINTER 34 COPY AND MOVE 24 COPY FORMULAS 24 COPY VALUES 24 CREATING A GRAPH 42 Currency Prefix 11 DATA BIN 53 DATA FILL 51 DATA MANAGEMENT 51 DATA REGRESSION 53 DATA SORT 52 DATABASE OPERATIONS 54 DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS 50 Default Directory/Data Path 10 DEFINING A MACRO 56 DELETING ROWS/COLUMNS 27 Deskjet 9 EDITING A CELL 20 EGA 9 EJECT~ 41 Enhanced Graphics Adaptor 10 ENTERING FORMULAS 19 ENTERING FORMULAS 22 ENTERING GRAPHICS CHARACTERS 19 ENTERING INFORMATION 18 ENTERING LABELS 18 ENTERING VALUES 18 EXECUTING A MACRO 56 F1 - Help Function Key 15 F10 - Graph Function Key 17 F2 - Edit Function Key 15 F3 - Macro Function Key 15 F4 - Absolute Address Function Key 16 F5 - GoTo Function Key 16 F6 - Window/Location Function Key 16 F9 - Calculate Function Key 16 FILES NAMES 13 -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 63 FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS 46 FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS 20 GO 41 GRAPH OPTIONS 38 GRAPH OPTIONS - COLOR 39 GRAPH OPTIONS - FORMAT 38 GRAPH OPTIONS - GRID 39 GRAPH OPTIONS - SCALE 39 GRAPH OPTIONS - TITLES 39 GRAPH TYPES 36 GRAPHICS COMMAND SUMMARY 36 GRAPHS 36 HERCULES 9 Hercules System 10 INSERTING COLUMNS 26 INSERTING ROWS 26 Installation 9 LABELS 38 Laserjet 9 LEAVING THE WORKSHEET 30 LINE GRAPH 36 LOGICAL FUNCTIONS 47 MACRO KEYWORDS 57 MACRO MENU ESCAPE SEQUENCE 57 MACROS 55 MATH FUNCTIONS~ 44 menu window can be shifted 12 Monochrome 11 MONOCHROME (TTL) 9 MOVE FORMULAS 25 MOVE VALUES 25 MOVING AROUND THE WORKSHEET 17 NAME 40 NAMING/USING BLOCKS 23 PAPER 41 PIE GRAPH 37 PLOT 40 PLOT - DENSITY 41 POINTING 23 PRINT TO A FILE 35 PRINT TO A PRINTER 30 PRINTER BORDERS 31 printer control codes 9 PRINTER OPTIONS - DATING A PAGE 33 PRINTER OPTIONS - EMBEDDED CODES 33 PRINTER OPTIONS - HEADERS & FOOTERS 32 PRINTER OPTIONS - MARGINS & PAGE LENGTH 31 PRINTER OPTIONS - PAGE NUMBERS 32 PRINTER OPTIONS - TYPE 34 PRINTING 30 PRN 13 READ.ME 8 REQUIREMENTS 9 RESET 40 Reset 55 -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 64 RETRIEVING THE WORKSHEET 29 SAVING & RETRIEVING 28 SAVING A GRAPH 42 SAVING PART OF THE WORKSHEET (EXPORTING) 28 SAVING THE WORKSHEET 28 Screen Blanking Time 10 select a command 12 SERIES (X A B C D E F) 37 SET ALITE= 12 SET=$MGFB 11 SETTING FORMATS 23 STACKED BAR GRAPH 37 STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS 47 STATUS LINE 14 STRING FUNCTIONS 43 Supress Border 11 The Criterion Range 54 The Input Range 54 The Output Range 55 TYPING 23 VIEW 40 WARRANTY 7 WHAT IS A FUNCTION? 21 WHEN AN ERROR OCCURS 28 WK1 13 WKS 13 WRK 13 X-Y GRAPH 36 @@ 43 @ABS 44 @ACOS 44 @ASIN 44 @ATAN 44 @AVG 47 @CASE 48 @CHR 43 @COLS 48 @COS 44 @COUNT 47 @DATE 50 @DATEVAL 50 @DAY 50 @EXP 45 @FACT 47 @FALSE 45 @FUNCTIONS 42 @HOUR 50 @HTABLE 48 @HTERP 48 @IF 47 @INT 45 @IRR 46 @ISNUM 47 @ISSTR 47 @LENGTH 43 -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 65 @LENGTH 49 @LINK 49 @LN 45 @LOG 45 @MAX 47 @MID 43 @MIN 48 @MINUTE 50 @MOD(x,y) 45 @MONTH 50 @N 43 @NA 45 @NPV 46 @ORD 43 @PI 45 @PMT 46 @PV 46 @RAND 45 @RATE 47 @REPEAT 43 @ROUND(x,y) 45 @ROWS 49 @S 43 @SECOND 50 @SIN(x) 44 @SQRT(x) 45 @STD 48 @STR 44 @SUM 48 @TAN 44 @TODAY 51 @TRUE 45 @UPPER 44 @VAL 44 @VAR 48 @VTABLE 49 @VTERP 50 @YEAR 51 {BEEP} 59 {CURSOR} 59 {DELAY} 60 {IF} 60 {JUMP} 61 {LET} 61 {MENUJUMP} 61 {QUIT} 62 {RET} 62 {?} 59 -- ALITE --------- Copyright 1991, TRIUS, Inc. --------- Page - 66