Personal Computing Magazine 1988 July/JULY_1988_DISK_2/CHI.ARC/TUTORIAL.CHI

ChiWriter document | 1988-07-01 | 30.7 KB | 1,108 lines

\1cw
\U1STANDARD
\U3ITALIC
\U4BOLD
\U6SYMBOL
\U7GREEK
\U8LINEDRAW
\U9MATHI
\U0MATHII
\FD
\+
\+
\+
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \@\,
\=
\+
\,
\+
\4CHIWRITER\ TUTORIAL\,
\-
\+
\+
\+
1. Cursor Movement\,
\-
\-
\+
\1The Cursor keys [Left], [Right], [Up] and \ [Down] \ in \ the \ cursor
\+
keypad move the cursor one unit in the desired \ direction. \ [PgUp]
\+
and \ [PgDn] \ scroll \ one \ screen \ up \ and \ down, \ [Ctrl-Home] \ and
\+
[Ctrl-End] \ move \ to \ the \ beginning \ and \ end \ of \ the \ document.
\+
[Ctrl-Left] and [Ctrl-Right] move a word left or right. [Home] and
\+
[End] move to the left and right screen margin, with \ intermediate
\+
stops at the first or last letter of the current line (since those
\+
are the spots at which you are most likely to \ continue \ editing).
\+
\3Try them now and remember to hit \1[Ctrl-Home] \3to return here!\,
\+
\,
\+
\1To move the cursor \ to \ the \ next \ or \ previous \ occurrence \ of \ a
\+
character, hit [Grey +] or [Grey -], followed by \ that \ character.
\+
For example, [Grey +]a moves the cursor to the next a in any font,
\+
[Grey -] [F3]b moves to the previous Italic \3b \1(since, as you \ will
\+
see later, [F3] is the \3font key \1for the Italic font). We call this
\+
the \3quick search \1feature. \3Try it out now!\,
\+
\,
\+
\1[Grey +] [Return] moves to the next hard return (i.e. to \ the \ end
\+
of the paragraph), and [Grey -] [PgUp] moves backwards to the \ top
\+
of the page. \,
\+
\,
\+
Hitting the quick search key twice (e.g. [Grey +][Grey +]) repeats
\+
the last search. \,
\+
\,
\+
Use [Ctrl-G] to \3go \1to a certain page. You will be prompted \ for \ a
\+
page number. \,
\+
\,
\+
\3Use \1[PgDn] \3in the following to page through this tutorial! If \ you
\+
want to quit the tutorial, hit \1[Ctrl-End] \3for directions.\,
\+
\+
\+
\42. Inserting Text\,
\-
\-
\+
\1To insert text, move the cursor anywhere on the screen \ and \ start
\+
typing. Use the [Backspace] key to delete the character before the
\+
cursor, the [Del] key to delete the character \ under \ the \ cursor.
\+
[Ins] toggles between \6`\1Insert mode\6' \1and \6`\1Overwrite \ mode\6'\1. \ (Check
\+
the status line for an \4INS \1indicator which is \ present \ in \ insert
\+
mode and missing in overwrite mode). \3Move the cursor to the \ \4* \ \3on
\+
the next line and type your name!\,
\+
\+
\4*\,
\-
\+
\+
\+
3. Font Change\,
\-
\-
\+
\1Up to twenty fonts are available to you. Among them are:\,
\-
\+
\+
     F1: Standard   F3: \3Italic   \1F4: \4Bold\,
\-
\+
     \1F7: Greek (\7abGD\1)   F8: Linedraw (\8Lm\1)   F9: Math I (\9d<:\1)\,
\-
\-
\+
To change the font, hit the desired function key on \ the \ left \ of
\+
the keyboard \3twice\1. Note that the \ indicator \ \4F1:STANDARD \ \1in \ the
\+
status line changes to display the name \ and \ number \ of \ the \ new \/
\+
font. \3Move the cursor behind the next \4* \ \3and \ type \ your \ name \ in
\+
Italics and Greek! Switch back to font 1 when you are done.\,
\+
\+
\4*\,
\-
\+
\1If you hit the function key just \3once\1, only the next character \ is
\+
taken from the new font and the editor reverts to \ the \ old \ font.
\+
This is very useful for typing scientific \ text \ which \ frequently
\+
requires typing just one character in a special font. \,
\+
     For example, consider the following sentence:\,
\+
          Let 0 < \7e \9< \11 be a real number. \,
\+
The \7e \1is typed as [F7]e \ and \ the \ \9< \ \1as \ [F9]<. \ Afterwards, \ the
\+
program automatically reverts to font 1. \ \3Reproduce \ the \ sentence
\+
below!\,
\+
\+
\4*\,
\-
\+
\1With symbolic fonts like Greek and \ Math \ I \ it \ is \ not \ easy \ to
\+
remember which key encodes which symbol. Hitting a \ font \ key \ and
\+
then [Alt-H] (\6`\1Help\6'\1) displays a \3keyboard \ chart \ \1on \ the \ screen,
\+
showing the location of all symbols on the keyboard. You can cycle
\+
through the charts of various fonts \ by \ hitting \ the \ appropriate
\+
font keys, or insert a character by hitting the associated key, or
\+
just hit [Esc] to return to your document. \3Hit \1[F7][Alt-H] \3to \ see
\+
the keyboard assignment for the Greek font!\,
\+
\+
\+
\44. The Anatomy of a Line\,
\-
\-
\+
\1Each document consists of a sequence of lines. Each line ends in a
\+
marker which is displayed at the right of the \ screen. \ There \ are
\+
two types of markers:\,
\+
                                       A hollow soft return marker \8--L
\-
\+
                                       \1A solid  hard return marker \8--L\,
\-
\+
\1Notice \ that \ different \ lines \ can \ have \ different \ thicknesses,
\+
depending on the number of super- and subscript levels in it. \ For
\+
example, the following line has 4 superscripts and 2 subscripts:\,
\+
\+                                       superscripts
\+                                    of
\+                             levels
\+                     several
     A Line can have\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ .\,
\-                                                    and
\-                                                        subscripts
\+
The dashes in the return marker column indicate the sizes \ of \ the
\+
lines. Even single-spaced lines can \ hold \ one \ superscript \ level
\+
which overlaps with the previous line. \,
\+
\+
\+
\45. Super- and Subscripts\,
\-
\-
\+
\3Move the cursor to the next \4* \3and type \1H [Ctrl-PgDn] 2 [Ctrl-PgUp]
\+
O\3. \,
\+
\+
\4*\,
\-
\+
\1Subscripts and superscripts can \ be \ inserted \ in \ any \ line. \ The
\+
return marker at the end of every line is at the \6`\1base \ level\6' \ \1of
\+
the line. The [Ctrl-PgUp] and [Ctrl-PgDn] keys move the cursor one
\+
\3level \1up or down (rather than one line at a time). At the \ top \ or
\+
bottom of the line, a super- or \ subsscipt \ row \ is \ automatically
\+
added.\,\/
\+
\+
\+
\46. Adding and Zapping Rows\,
\-
\-\/
\+
\1If you type a formula or a table, you will need several levels \ of
\+
superscripts and subscripts. When the cursor reaches \ the \ top \ or
\+
bottom of a line, \ a \ [Ctrl-PgUp] \ and \ [Ctrl-PgDn] \ automatically
\+
insert a blank row. If you want to insert a row in the middle of a
\+
line, use [Ctrl-A] (\6`\1Add\6'\1). The row is \ added \ below \ the \ cursor.
\+
\3Move the cursor onto \ the \ next \ \4* \ \3and \ add \ a \ few \ levels \ with
\+
\1[Ctrl-PgUp], [Ctrl-PgDn] \3and \1[Ctrl-A]. \3When you are \ done, \ switch
\+
back to text mode.\,
\+
\4*\,
\+
\1Note that the section headings in this tutorial are surrounded \ by
\+
blank \ superscript \ and \ subscript \ rows. \ This \ was \ \ done \ \ with
\+
[Ctrl-A] as well.\,
\+
\,
\+
To remove a level, move \ the \ cursor \ into \ it \ and \ hit \ [Ctrl-Z]
\+
(\6`\1Zap\6'\1).\3Move the cursor into the formula below, move the cursor to
\+
different levels with \1[Ctrl-PgUp] \3and \1[Ctrl-PgDn] \3and zap rows \ to
\+
your heart's content. Then \ delete \ the \ entire \ line \ by \ hitting
\+
\1[Ctrl-Bksp]\3.\,
\+
\+
\+                      n  \7p
\+                  \1(-\3i\1)
\+                         \0i  \3ix \1cos \7f
          \3J\ \1(\3x\1) = \8-----\ \ \ \ \3e\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \1cos \3n\7f \1d\7f\,
\-           \3n        \7p    \0j
\-
\-                         \10
\+
\,
\+
Before writing a formula, table or diagram, most people prefer \ to
\+
first create a large number \ of \ super- \ and \ subscript levels \ to
\+
obtain a large working area. Unused rows can later be removed with
\+
[Ctrl-Z].\,
\+
\+
\+
\47. Synchronized and Unsynchronized Rows\,
\-
\-
\+
\1If you remember your junior high school algebra, you \ will \ notice
\+
that the following formula should have a \6`\12\3a\6' \1in the \ denominator,
\+
not a \6`\123\3a\6'\1. \3Make sure that insert mode is \ on. \ Move \ the \ cursor
\+
into the formula. Move the cursor onto the \ \13 \ \3and \ hit \ \1[Del] \ \3to
\+
delete it.\,
\+
\+
\+                      \0#______+
\+                         \12
\+                 -\3b \9+ \0e \3b \1-4\3ac
\+                 \1_______________
          \3x\ \ \  \1= \,
\-           1,2
\-                     23\3a
\-
\-
\+
That didn't work, did it? The \1[Del] \3operation deleted the contents
\+
of all columns. Let's try this again. Move \ the \ cursor \ into \ the
\+
next formula and hit \ the \ \1[Grey \ *] \ \3key. \ Notice \ that \ the \ \4SYN
\+
\3indicator in the status line disappeared. Move the cursor onto the
\+
\13 \3and hit \1[Del]. \,
\+
\+
\+                      \0#______+
\+                         \12
\+                 -\3b \9+ \0e \3b \1-4\3ac
\+                 \1_______________
          \3x\ \ \  \1= \,
\-           1,2
\-                     23\3a
\-
\-
\+
\1The \ \4SYN \ \1stands \ for \ \6`\1synchronized\6'\1. \ \ In \ \ synchronized \ \ mode,
\+
insertions and deletions affect the entire line, in unsynchronized
\+
mode they affect only the current row. \ \3Go \ back \ to \ the \ formula \/
\+
above, move the cursor before the \12 \3in the denominator and \ insert
\+
a few spaces to center the denominator. \ Hit \ \1[Grey \ *] \ \3again \ to
\+
reactivate synchronized mode.\,
\+
\,
\+
\1In unsynchronized mode, the cursor keys \ are \ \6`\1slowed \ down\6'\1: \ The
\+
[Up] and [Down] keys move the cursor a row at a time \ but \ do \ not
\+
insert blank rows, and the [PgUp] and [PgDn] keys move a line at a
\+
time. (The other \ cursor \ keys \ are \ unchanged). \ You \ should \ use
\+
unsynchronized mode only for editing formulas and diagrams.\,
\+
\,
\+
Did you \ notice \ that \ the \ cursor \ is \ half \ the \ usual \ size \ in
\+
unsynchronized mode? If the cursor is strangely \ small \ and \ slow,
\+
you are in unsynch mode, \ and \ you \ should \ hit \ [Grey \ *] \ before
\+
editing regular text.\,
\+
\,
\+
\3Here is an exercise in editing formulas: Duplicate the formula\,
\+
\+           \1n      n(n+1)(2n+1)
\+              2   ____________
          \ \9S\ \1k\ \ = \,
\-
\-          k=1          6
\-
\+
\3(The \9S \3is \1[F9] S\3, all others are \ in \ font \ 1.) \ Move \ the \ cursor
\+
behind the next \4* and turn synchronization mode off. \3Insert a \ few
\+
levels above and below the base row, and write the formula. \,
\+
\4*\,
\+
\+
\+
8. Word Wrap and Formatting\,
\-
\-
\+
\1If you type text, don't use the [Return] key to end a \ line. \ When
\+
you go past \ the \ right \ margin, \ the \ last \ word \ will \ be \ moved
\+
automatically on a new line. The old line is terminated by a \ soft
\+
return. If justification mode is on (\4JST \1in the status line), \ the
\+
old line is automatically right justified. Use [Ctrl-J] to \ toggle
\+
justification mode if you prefer a ragged right margin. At the end
\+
of every paragraph, you should use the [Return] key \ to \ insert \ a
\+
hard return. (In unsynchronized mode, word \ wrap \ is \ turned \ off,
\+
which is just as well since you probably don't want your \ formulas
\+
to get wrapped around several lines.)\,
\+
   To format a paragraph, move the cursor into its first line. and
\+
hit [Ctrl-F]. If justification mode is on, the editor \ produces \ a
\+
flush right margin by inserting soft spaces (the ones \ that \ don't
\+
look like small dots), \ otherwise \ a \ ragged \ right \ margin. \  The
\+
formatting stops at the next hard return. \3Move the cursor \ to \ the
\+
next \4* \3and follow the instructions above it!\,
\+
\,
\-
\+
Write a sentence that is longer than one line to see the word wrap.
\+
Then move the cursor to the first word of this paragraph and hit
\+
\1[Ctrl-F]\3!
\+
\4*\,
\+
\+
\+
9. Changing the Margins, Tab Stops and Spacing.\,
\-
\-
\+
\1[Ctrl-[], [Ctrl-]] change the left and right margin to the \ cursor
\+
column. [Ctrl-T] toggles the tab stop at the cursor \ column, \ i.e.
\+
creates a tab stop \ if \ there \ was \ none \ before \ and \ removes \ it
\+
otherwise. There is a margin and \ tab \ stop \ indicator \ below \ the
\+
status line. The maximum right margin is \ 78. \ \3Try \ out \ \1[Ctrl-[],
\+
[Ctrl-]] \3and \1[Ctrl-T]\3! Observe the effect on the status \ line! \ Be
\+
sure to reset the left margin to 1 and the right margin to 66 when \/
\+
you are done.\,
\+
\+
\+
\410. Pagination\,
\-
\-\/
\+
\1The program automatically \ computes \ page \ breaks. \ You \ may \ have
\+
noticed some of them in this tutorial \ already--they \ show \ up \ as
\+
dotted lines across the screen. If you want to force a page \ break
\+
(e.g. at the end of \ a \ chapter), \ hit \ [Ctrl-B] \ (\6`\1Break \ Page\6'\1).
\+
Hitting [Ctrl-B] again removes the page break. \3Move the cursor \ to
\+
the next \4* \3and hit \1[Ctrl-B]. \3Hit \1[Ctrl-B] \3again to remove the page
\+
break!\,
\+
\+
\4*\,
\-
\+
\1Note that the hard page breaks inserted by you show \ up \ as \ solid
\+
lines across the screen whereas the soft page breaks \ computed \ by
\+
the computer are dotted. \,
\+
     Sometimes you need to inhibit \ a \ page \ break \ at \ a \ certain
\+
location, e.g. directly after a section heading. [Ctrl-I] \ toggles
\+
the line containing the cursor in and out of \6`\1Inhibit page \ break\6'
\+
\1mode. When in \6`\1Inhibit page break\6' \1mode, a page break \ will \ never
\+
be placed below \ it \ by \ the \ pagination \ routine. \ This \ mode \ is
\+
indicated by a dotted separator dash below the return marker. \ \3Try
\+
it out: Move the cursor just above a (dotted) soft page break \ and
\+
hit \1[Ctrl-I]\3. The page break will move one line up.\,
\+
\+
\+
\411. Splitting and Merging Lines. Deleting Lines. Centering Lines\,
\-
\-
\+
\1To split a line in two, move the cursor at \ the \ desired \ location
\+
and enter a hard return \ with \ the \ [Return] \ key. \ To \ merge \ two
\+
successive lines, move the cursor to \ the \ last \ column \ (use \ the
\+
[End] key!), and delete the marker using the [Del] key. \ \3Move \ the
\+
cursor to the next \4* \3and \ hit \ \1[Return]. \ \3Then \ delete \ the \ newly
\+
created hard return!\,
\+
\,
\-
\+
     Split this line \4* \3and merge it back together!\,
\-
\+
\,
\-
\+
\1Hitting \ [Ctrl-Bksp] \ deletes \ the \ line \ containing \ the \ cursor.
\+
Hitting [Ctrl-C] centers it between the margins. Hitting \ [Ctrl-M]
\+
moves it to the right margin.\,
\+
\+
\3Delete me by hitting \1[Ctrl-Bksp]\3!\,
\-
\+
\+
Center me by hitting \1[Ctrl-C]\3!\,
\-
\+
\+
Move me to the right by hitting \1[Ctrl-M]\3!\,
\-
\+
\+
\+
\412. The Menu\,
\-
\-
\+
\1Most of the \ commands \ you \ have \ used \ so \ far \ were \ entered \ as
\+
[Ctrl-...] key combinations. \ This \ is \ fast \ and \ convenient \ for
\+
frequently used commands, and we have tried \ to \ use \ logical \ key
\+
assignments (like [Ctrl-F] for format, [Ctrl-W] to delete \ a \ word
\+
etc.) Other commands are accessible through the menu on the bottom
\+
of the screen, and some of the control key commands \ can \ also \ be
\+
accessed through the menu (in case you forgot \ the \ control \ key).
\+
There are two ways to call a menu command.\,\/
\+
     \4Method 1.  \1Hit [Esc]. Then a "highlight bar" appears \ in \ the
\+
menu. It can be moved with the [Left] and [Right] arrow \ keys. \ To
\+
select an option, either move the \ highlight \ bar \ on \ it \ and \ ht
\+
[Return], or enter the first Capital letter in the option name. \,
\+
     \4Method 2.  \1Hit [Alt] and the \ first \ Capital \ letter \ in \ the
\+
option name.\,
\+
\,
\+
Most menus branch off to submenus, and you can select \ sub-options
\+
by the same method. Once you are inside the \ menu, \ hitting \ [Esc]
\+
gets you back into edit mode. You \ can \ browse \ through \ the \ menu
\+
to find out what options are available and hit [Esc] at \ any \ time
\+
without having to select anything. \,
\+
\,
\+
The [Up] and [Down] key are for browsing: [Down] \ gets \ one \ level
\+
deeper (just as [Return]), but it never accepts \ a \ command \ at \ a
\+
\6`\1leaf\6' \1of the menu tree. [Up] undoes the last selection and \ moves
\+
one level further back to the \6`\1root\6' \1of the menu \ tree. \ (Computer
\+
trees are funny--the root is on top and \ the \ leaves \ are \ on \ the
\+
bottom.)\,
\+
\,
\+
When you highlight a menu branch, the branches emanating \ from \ it
\+
are displayed in the line below the menu. If you are at a leaf, an
\+
explanation of the command is displayed \ instead. \ (Some \ commands
\+
offer you a list of choices that look like a continuation \ of \ the
\+
menu, but they aren't. If a choice list apears, \ you \ are \ already
\+
executing a command. The [Up] key doesn't go back into \ the \ menu.
\+
Use [Esc] to cancel the command.)\,
\+
 \,
\+
To get on-line help on a command, move the highlight bar on it and
\+
hit [Alt-H].\,
\+
\,
\+
\3Try it out! Hit \1[Esc] L \3to see the options \ in \ the \ Layout \ menu.
\+
Browse through the sub-options. Try \ out \ the \ on-line \ help! \ Hit
\+
\1[Esc] \3when you are done.\,
\+
\,
\+
\1When you are more experienced, you can turn \ the \ menu \ off. \ That
\+
gives you 5 additional rows of screen \6`\1real estate\6' \1and makes \ the
\+
program run a little \ quicker. \ (When \ you \ hit \ [Esc], \ the \ menu
\+
temporarily pops back onto the screen.)\,
\+
\+
\+
\413. Highlighting\,
\-
\-
\+
\1For certain ChiWriter commands, you have to \ specify \ a \ block \ of
\+
text by \3highlighting \1it. To highlight a block, move the cursor \ to
\+
the beginning of it and \3mark \1it by hitting [Alt-M]. Then move \ the
\+
cursor to the other end. The text between the marked position \ and
\+
the cursor is highlighted.\,
\+
     Note that the menu on the bottom of the screen \ has \ changed.
\+
The \ options \ available \ to \ you \ now \ include \ cutting \ out \ \ the
\+
highlighted text or changing its font or spacing. \ To \ change \ the
\+
font of each character in the highlighted area from \ any \ font \ to
\+
any other font, select [Alt-F] (\6`\1Font change\6'\1), and use \ the \ font
\+
keys to specify the change from which font to which font. (If \ you
\+
want to change from any font to the new font, use [Return]). \ \3Move
\+
the cursor to the next \4* \3and follow the instructions.\,
\+
\+
\ \ \ \ \ \4* \3Hit \1[Alt-M]\3, move the cursor to the end of this \ block \ and
\+
change all Italic characters in \ this \ sentence \ to \ Bold: \ Select \/
\+
\1[Alt-F] \3and specify from \1[F3] \3to \1[F4]. \,
\+
\,
\+
If you ever invoke highlighting by \ accident, \ select \ [Alt-E] \ or
\+
[Esc] E (\6`\1End\6'\1) to cancel it.\,
\+
\+
\+
\414. Cut and Paste\,
\-
\-\/
\+
\1To delete a block of text, move the cursor to \ the \ beginning \ and
\+
mark it by hitting [Alt-M]. Then move the cursor to the end of the
\+
text and hit [Alt-C] (\6`\1Cut\6'\1). The highlighted area is cut out \ and
\+
placed into a buffer. To insert the buffer contents anywhere \ into
\+
the text, move the cursor to the insert location and hit \ [Ctrl-P]
\+
(\6`\1Paste\6'\1). If you want to copy a block \ into \ the \ buffer \ without
\+
deleting it, highlight it and hit [Alt-D] (\6`\1Duplicate\6'\1). \ \3Cut \ out
\+
the first part of the sentence \ below \ and \ paste \ it \ behind \ the
\+
second part!\,
\+
\,
\+
     \4* \1Mark here and cut until here \4* \1and paste here: \,
\+
\,
\+
Keep in mind that the paste command is [Ctrl-P]. \ [Alt-P] \ selects
\+
the \4Print \1menu option. You can execute the paste command from \ the
\+
\4Screen \1menu option, but it takes an additional keystroke. \,
\+
\,
\+
If you cut and paste in unsynchronized mode, you don't highlight a
\+
linear sequence of text, but a rectangular area. \ This \ is \ useful
\+
for moving parts around in a formula or diagram. \,
\+
\,
\+
When pasting the rectangular area (still in unsynch mode), its top
\+
left corner gets \ pasted \ at \ the \ cursor \ position. \ However, \ it
\+
would be pretty difficult \ to \ correctly \ position \ the \ rectangle
\+
without seeing its contents. Therefore, \ after \ hitting \ [Ctrl-P],
\+
the area to be pasted is tentatively displayed on the screen, \ and
\+
you can \3position \1it \ using \ the \ cursor \ keys. \ The \ text \ in \ the
\+
background shines \ through \ the \ area \ image, \ sometimes \ creating
\+
interesting interference patterns. To \3drop \1the area, hit [Return],
\+
and the image is superimposed on the \ existing \ text. \ (As \ usual,
\+
[Esc] cancels the command.) \,
\+
\,
\+
\3Try it out in the following formula: Hit \ \1[Grey \ *] \ \3to \ get \ into
\+
\+                                        ix\1cos\7f
\3unsynchronized mode and highlight the \ e\ \ \ \ \ \ . \ Cut \ it \ out \ and
\+
paste it 2 rows higher up! Hit \1[Grey *] \3again when you are done!\,
\+
\+
\+                      n  \7p
\+                  \1(-\3i\1)
\+                         \0i
          \3J\ \1(\3x\1) = \8-----\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \1cos \3n\7f \1d\7f\,
\-           \3n        \7p    \0j  \3ix \1cos \7f
\-                           \3e
\-                         \10
\+
\+
\+
\415. Search and Replace\,
\-
\-
\+
\1To search for a phrase in the document, hit [Ctrl-S] and enter the
\+
search pattern. Hit [Return] to start the search. (To search for a
\+
return marker, enter \ [Ctrl-Return]). \ Hit \ [Esc] \ to \ cancel \ the
\+
command if you change your mind. [Ctrl-L] repeats the last search.
\+
\3Try it out: Move the cursor here \4* \3and hit \1[Ctrl-S]the[Return] \ \3to
\+
move the cursor to the next \1the. \3Hit \1[Ctrl-L] \3to repeat \ the \ last
\+
search and find subsequent \1the\3s\1.\,
\+
     To search for a phrase and replace it with another \ one, \ use
\+
the [Ctrl-R] command and enter search pattern and replacement text \/
\+
when prompted. \,
\+
\+
\+
\416. The FULL Indicator\,
\-
\-
\+
\1The file you are editing is stored in \ the \ computer \ memory. \ You
\+
should save it occasionally, especially if you have problems \ with
\+
the electrical power. Also, since the memory size is limited, \ you
\+
should take care that your file fits inside. If \ you \ run \ out \ of
\+
memory, the editor will refuse to execute any more \ commands \ that
\+
require memory. You can, of course, still save your document.\,
\+
     However, it is a good idea to inspect the \4FULL \ \1indicator \ in
\+
the status line periodically. If it is in the 90% range, look \ for
\+
a good point to break up the \ current \ document \ into \ two \ parts.
\+
\3Check the \4FULL \3indicator now!\,
\+
\+
\+
\417. Key Sequences\,
\-
\-
\+
\1Sequences of keystrokes can be stored, given a name \ and \ replayed
\+
later by ChiWriter. To define a key \ sequence, \ hit \ [Ctrl-D] \ and
\+
enter a name. Then enter the keystrokes. To \ end \ the \ definition,
\+
hit [Ctrl-D] again.\,
\+
     \3Let us define a key sequence that replays your name. Move the
\+
cursor onto the next \4*\3. Hit \1[Ctrl-D]\3. Let us call the sequence \1ME\3.
\+
Hit \1ME [Return]\3and hit \1[F1] \3to attach it to the Standard font. Now
\+
type \1Harry Hacker \3or whatever your name is and end the \ definition
\+
with \1[Ctrl-D].\,
\+
\+
\4*\,
\-
\+
\1Did you note that during the definition of the \ key \ sequence \ the
\+
status \ line \ contained \ an \ indicator \ \4DF\1? \ To \ \ replay \ \ a \ \ key
\+
sequence,hit [Ctrl-K], enter the name \ of \ the \ sequence \ and \ hit
\+
[Return]. \3Hit \1[Ctrl-K] ME [Return] \3to replay your \ name. \ Now \ you
\+
can insert your name hundreds of times into a document with just a
\+
few keystrokes.\,
\+
\,
\+
\1For up to ten key sequences, there is a further shortcut. You \ can
\+
select [Alt-1] ... [Alt-0] as names when defining a sequence, \ and
\+
then \ replay \ it \ by \ hitting \ that \ key \ again \ (without \ hitting
\+
[Ctrl-K]). When you leave ChiWriter, your key sequences are \ lost.
\+
If you want to save them, use the \ "Environ \ Key \ seq \ Save" \ menu
\+
option.\,
\+
\,
\+
If you hit [Ctrl-K] or [Ctrl-D] by accident, hit [Esc] \ to \ cancel
\+
the command.\,
\+
\,
\+
ChiWriter comes supplied with a number of useful key sequences for
\+
mathematics:\,
\+
\,
\+                                       \0#              $
\+                                  #              $
\+                             #         |    $         |
\ \ \ \ \[\1Square brackets\ \ \ \ \ \ [1\ \ \ [2\ \0|\ \1[3\ \ \ ]1\ \ \ ]2\ \0|\ \1]3\,
\-                             \03         |    4         |
\-                                  3              4
\-                                       3              4
\+
\+
\+                                       &              *
\+                                  &              *
\+                             &         |    *         |
\ \ \ \ \[\1Parentheses\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (1\ \ \ (2\ \0|\ \1(3\ \ \ )1\ \ \ )2\ \0|\ \1)3\,
\-                             \07         |    8         |
\-                                  7              8
\-                                       7              8\/
\+
\+                                       (              )
\+
\+                             (    &    |    )    *    |
\+
\ \ \ \ \[\1Braces\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {1\ \0{\ \1{2\ \0{\ \1{3\ \0{\ \1}1\ \0}\ \1}2\ \0}\ \1}3\ \0}\,
\-
\-                             9    7    |    0    8    |
\-
\-                                       9              0
\+
\+                                                   a_+
\+                               s         a+
\ \ \ \ \[\1Summation signs\ \ \ \ \ \ SUM1\ \ \ \ \ \ SUM2\ \ \ \ \ \ SUM3\ \ \0c\,
\-                               t         b=
\-                                                   b-=
\+
\+                                         i
\+                               i                   i
\ \ \ \ \[\1Integral signs\ \ \ \ \ \ \ INT1\ \ \ \ \ \ INT2\ \0|\ \ \ \ \1OINT\ \0k\,
\-                               j                   j
\-                                         j
\+                                              5\8-------\06
\+
\+                                 5\8--\06        /
\+
\ \ \ \ \[\1Square roots\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ROOT1\ \0r\ \ \ \ \ \1ROOT2\ \0r\,
\+
\,
\+
\,
\+
\3Try it out: Move the cursor to the next \4* \3and type \1[Ctrl-K] \ ROOT2
\+
[Return]\3! Hit \1[Ctrl-K] {1 [Return]\3!\,
\+
\,
\+
\ \ \ \ \ \4*\,
\+
\1Another set of convenient key \ sequences \ centers \ a \ formula \ and
\+
prepares an equation number behind it. EQU1 ... EQU4 perform \ this
\+
task, leaving 1 ... 4 characters \ for \ the \ number. \ \3For \ example,
\+
center the following equation and give it the number 123 by typing
\+
\1[Ctrk-K]EQU3[Return]123\3!\,
\+
\+
\+            n  \7p
\+        \1(-\3i\1)
\+               \0i  \3ix \1cos \7f
\3J\ \1(\3x\1) = \8-----\ \ \ \ \3e\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \1cos \3n\7f \1d\7f\,
\- \3n        \7p    \0j
\-
\-               \10
\+
\,
\+
\,
\+
\+
\+
\418. How to Print. Headers and Footers. Print Options\,
\-
\-
\+
\1To print a document, select \ "Print" \ from \ the \ menu, \ turn \ your
\+
printer on and select "Go". You \ can \ hit \ any \ key \ to \ stop \ the
\+
printout. \3Try it out now! Hit \1[Esc] P G.\,
\+
\,
\+
There \ are \ three \ print \ qualities: \ Draft, \ Letter \ quality \ and
\+
Enhanced. The draft mode is intended for fast printing with little
\+
regard for beauty. Letter quality is best for presentable \ output,
\+
but it can be very slow if your printer doesn't \ have \ a \ built-in
\+
letter quality font. For \ those \ printers, \ an \ enhanced \ mode \ is
\+
supplied which prints an \6`\1emphasized\6' \1draft font.\,
\+
\ \ \ \ \[There are three pitches: Pica (10 pitch), \ Elite \ (12 \ pitch)
\+
and proportional. Not all printers \ support \ all \ combinations \ of
\+
pitches and print qualities. \,
\+
     Different headers and footers can be selected \ for \ even \ and
\+
odd pages and the first nine pages of any document. \ For \ example,
\+
you may want to have page numbers \ in \ the \ left \ corner \ on \ even
\+
pages and in the right corner on odd pages, except on page 1. Edit
\+
the headers and footers through the \ \6`\1Layout\6' \ \1menu. \ To \ suppress
\+
page numbers, select \6`\1Delete Footer Default\6'\1. \,
\+
     Look at the \6`\1Print Options\6' \1menu \ to \ print \ out \ part \ of \ a
\+
document. \,
\+
\+
\+
\419. Reading Documents\,
\-
\-\/
\+
\1To read a document from disk, \ select \ \6`\1Read \ Document\6' \ \1from \ the
\+
menu. You will be presented with a list of ChiWriter files on \ the
\+
disk, and the first name is highlighted. The [Up], [Down], \ [Left]
\+
and [Right] arrow keys move the highlight bar. [Return] accepts \ a
\+
selection. If the file you want is \ not \ listed, \ enter \ its \ name
\+
manually. \ (The \ name \ you \ enter \ can \ contain \ drive \ \ or \ \ path
\+
specifiers.). Hitting [Esc] cancels the disk command. \3Select \1[Esc]
\+
R D\3, confirm that you want to abandon the \ current \ document \  and
\+
reload the \1TUTORIAL.CHI \3file by moving the highlight bar \ onto \ it
\+
and hitting \1[Return]. \3Then scroll back to this section!\,
\+
\,
\+
\420. Writing Documents\,
\+
\,
\+
\1We include this section for completeness. You should \3not \1save this
\+
tutorial file since you probably made \ some \ changes \ to \ it \ that
\+
shouldn't be preserved for posterity. However, usually you \3do \1want
\+
to save your document on disk. Select the \6`\1Write Document\6' \ \1option
\+
from the menu, and your document will be saved on disk. \ (The \ old
\+
version will be renamed with the extension .BAK) \3Again, \ \ do \ \ not
\+
save this document now.\,
\+
\+
\+
\421. How To Quit\,
\-
\-
\+
\1To end the edit session, hit [Alt-Q] \ (\6`\1Quit\6'\1). \ If \ you \ made \ no
\+
changes to \ the \ document \ since \ it \ was \ last \ saved, \ ChiWriter
\+
terminates and you return to DOS. If you did make changes that are
\+
not saved on disk, you will be asked to confirm whether \ you \ want
\+
to abandon the current document before \ leaving \ ChiWriter. \ \3Since
\+
you do not want \ to \ save \ the \ changes \ you \ just \ made \ to \ this
\+
tutorial, hit \1[Esc] Q Y \3to quit. \,
\=