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- Enigma Variations: Sir Edward Elgar. (enigma.mid)
-
- The Enigma Variations were written in 1899 and consist of
- a theme and 14 variations which describe Elgar, his wife, and
- some of his friends. There are at least two reasons why this music
- was called the "Enigma" Variations. He never revealed what the main
- theme was based on, even though he was asked about this many times.
- (One suggestion was a Chopin Ballade).
-
- He also never revealed who was described in variation 13 that was
- entitled "***". Most other variations were entitled by the initials of
- the person being described.
-
- The main theme is fairly slow, sad and contrapuntal, and is in G minor.
- It modulates to G major briefly and then returns to G minor.
-
- The first variation "C.A.E" (Caroline Alice Elgar) follows immediately
- after the main theme and describes Alice, Elgar's wife. It is similar
- to the main theme but is played an octave higher with a more elaborate
- accompaniment.
-
- The second variation "H.D.S.P." (Hew David Stewart Powell) describes a
- pianist friend who played chamber music at Elgar's house. Before the
- chamber music began he used to warm up by playing chromatic scales up
- and down the keyboard. The music describes this in a satirical way with
- fast and light staccato passages.
-
- The third variation "R.B.T." (Richard Baxter Townshend) describes and
- eccentric old man who rode a tricycle and played golf with Elgar.
- It is a very humorous piece, and one can imagine him on his tricyle,
- honking the horn as he goes along!
-
- The fourth variation "W.M.B." (William Baker Meath) is a fast and loud
- piece. Meath was a wealthy friend who had a country estate and had big
- parties. He had to arrange transportation carriages for all the guests.
- This piece describes him in an agitated mood, rushing from the
- music room, slamming the door behind him, and reading the list of
- guests who would be assigned to each carriage, to the amusement of
- everyone.
-
- The fifth variation "R.P.A." (Richard P. Arnold) describes an amateur
- pianist friend who would have a serious conversation (described by the
- music in the minor key) and then suddenly make an extremely witty and
- amusing remark (described by the music in major key).
-
- The sixth variation "Ysobel" describes Isabel Fitton, a tall lady who
- introduced Elgar to Alice, his wife.
-
- The seventh variation "Troyte" is extremely energetic and loud, and
- describes Arthur Troyte Griffith, an arhitect and artist who was not
- a musician but enjoyed cycling, sports, and exploring the countryside
- with Elgar.
-
- The eighth variation "W.N" (Winifred Norbury) describes this lady and
- her lovely home. She helped to arrange many musical events in
- Worcestershire. It is a happy and song-like variation.
-
- The ninth variation, "Nimrod", is one of Elgar's most famous pieces. It
- describes August Johannes Jaeger, one of Elgar's closest friends. This
- variation follows the previous one without a pause.
-
- The tenth variation "Dorabella" describes Dora Penny, a beautiful young
- woman who greatly admired his music and who stayed with the Elgars and
- went on holiday with them. It is a very graceful piece.
-
- The eleventh variation "G.R.S." describes a bulldog owned by Dr George
- Sinclair (the initials of this variation) who is taken out for a walk
- and suddenly slips down a river bank into the water, to be swept along
- by the current. The dog paddles frantically but eventually reaches
- land and safety.
-
- The twelfth variation "B.G.N." (Basil Nevinson) describes an amateur
- cellist who played chamber music with Elgar.
-
- Elgar never revealed to whom he dedicated the thirteenth variation
- "***". It was to some lady who was on a sea voyage. It begins in G
- major, but a couple of times it modulates to a minor key where
- Mendelssohn's "Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage" overture is quoted.
-
- The fourteenth variation "E.D.U." is the finale and carries Elgar's
- initials. "Edu" was the nickname Alice gave him. It is the longest of
- the variations. It begins quietly, and a big crescendo leads to the
- main, rather pompous theme. A very majestic theme follows which is
- typical Elgar, as found in the Pomp and Circumstance Marches. The
- original theme returns, and then the music from the 2nd variation
- describing Alice returns in the minor key. This eventually modulates
- to G major and builds up to a tremendous climax. The piece finishes
- with the main chordal theme played in G major, ending with some
- tremolandos in the treble and bass.
-
- I am sure that most people have never heard this arrangement of the
- Enigma Variations. My score does not indicate who the arranger was.
- Since it is a very good reduction of the orchestral version, I assume
- that it was done by Elgar himself.
-
- Robert Finley, February 8th 1996.
-
- ROBERTFINLEY@.delphi.com
- finley.robert@mail.ndhm.gtegsc.com
-
-