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- General MIDI Specification -- Standard Patch and Key Assignments
-
- Microsoft has been pushing the MIDI Manufacturers Association
- (MMA) General MIDI Mode specification of standard patch and key
- assignments as part of the Multimedia Windows standard for
- device-independent MIDI. Although not all synthesizers will
- offer equivalent sounds to those below (in particular, certain
- high-end devices may offer different functionality, e.g.
- Proteus/2), the Microsoft MIDI Mapper utility included with
- Windows 3.1 can be used to configure most synthesizers to respond
- to the program numbers and key assignments that follow.
- Additionally, SoundBlaster- and AdLib-compatible sound cards
- include onboard MIDI devices that match these particular patch
- and key assignments, if not always with spectacular sounds.
-
- If you own high-end MIDI synthesis hardware, it may not be to your
- advantage to try to set up equivalent patch and key assignments
- via the MIDI Mapper; in fact, it may not be possible! However,
- the following information will be helpful to most users.
-
- ==================================================================
-
- Patch Assignments: program number followed by expected instrument
-
- Piano:
- 0 Acoustic Grand Piano
- 1 Bright Acoustic Piano
- 2 Electric Grand Piano
- 3 Honky-tonk Piano
- 4 Rhodes Piano
- 5 Chorused Piano
- 6 Harpsichord
- 7 Clavinet
-
- Chromatic Percussion
- 8 Celesta
- 9 Glockenspiel
- 10 Music Box
- 11 Vibraphone
- 12 Marimba
- 13 Xylophone
- 14 Tubular Bells
- 15 Dulcimer
-
- Organ
- 16 Hammond Organ
- 17 Percussive Organ
- 18 Rock Organ
- 19 Church Organ
- 20 Reed Organ
- 21 Accordion
- 22 Harmonica
- 23 Tango Accordion
-
- Guitar
- 24 Acoustic Guitar (nylon)
- 25 Acoustic Guitar (steel)
- 26 Electric Guitar (jazz)
- 27 Electric Guitar (clean)
- 28 Electric Guitar (muted)
- 29 Overdriven Guitar
- 30 Distortion Guitar
- 31 Guitar Harmonics
-
- Bass
- 32 Acoustic Bass
- 33 Electric Bass (finger)
- 34 Electric Bass (pick)
- 35 Fretless Bass
- 36 Slap Bass 1
- 37 Slap Bass 2
- 38 Synth Bass 1
- 39 Synth Bass 2
-
- Strings
- 40 Violin
- 41 Viola
- 42 Cello
- 43 Contrabass
- 44 Tremolo Strings
- 45 Pizzicato Strings
- 46 Orchestral Harp
- 47 Timpani
-
- Ensemble
- 48 String Ensemble 1
- 49 String Ensemble 2
- 50 SynthStrings 1
- 51 SynthStrings 2
- 52 Choir Aahs
- 53 Voice Oohs
- 54 Synth Voice
- 55 Orchestra Hit
-
- Brass
- 56 Trumpet
- 57 Trombone
- 58 Tuba
- 59 Muted Trumpet
- 60 French Horn
- 61 Brass Section
- 62 Synth Brass 1
- 63 Synth Brass 2
-
- Reed
- 64 Soprano Sax
- 65 Alto Sax
- 66 Tenor Sax
- 67 Baritone Sax
- 68 Oboe
- 69 English Horn
- 70 Bassoon
- 71 Clarinet
-
- Pipe
- 72 Piccolo
- 73 Flute
- 74 Recorder
- 75 Pan Flute
- 76 Bottle Blow
- 77 Shakuhachi
- 78 Whistle
- 79 Ocarina
-
- Synth Lead
- 80 Lead 1 (square)
- 81 Lead 2 (sawtooth)
- 82 Lead 3 (calliope lead)
- 83 Lead 4 (chiff lead)
- 84 Lead 5 (charang)
- 85 Lead 6 (voice)
- 86 Lead 7 (fifths)
- 87 Lead 8 (bass + lead)
-
- Synth Pad
- 88 Pad 1 (new age)
- 89 Pad 2 (warm)
- 90 Pad 3 (polysynth)
- 91 Pad 4 (choir)
- 92 Pad 5 (bowed)
- 93 Pad 6 (metallic)
- 94 Pad 7 (halo)
- 95 Pad 8 (sweep)
-
- Synth Effects
- 96 FX 1 (rain)
- 97 FX 2 (soundtrack)
- 98 FX 3 (crystal)
- 99 FX 4 (atmosphere)
- 100 FX 5 (brightness)
- 101 FX 6 (goblins)
- 102 FX 7 (echoes)
- 103 FX 8 (sci-fi)
-
- Ethnic
- 104 Sitar
- 105 Banjo
- 106 Shamisen
- 107 Koto
- 108 Kalimba
- 109 Bagpipe
- 110 Fiddle
- 111 Shanai
-
- Percussive
- 112 Tinkle Bell
- 113 Agogo
- 114 Steel Drums
- 115 Woodblock
- 116 Taiko Drum
- 117 Melodic Tom
- 118 Synth Drum
- 119 Reverse Cymbal
-
- Sound Effects
- 120 Guitar Fret Noise
- 121 Breath Noise
- 122 Seashore
- 123 Bird Tweet
- 124 Telephone Ring
- 125 Helicopter
- 126 Applause
- 127 Gunshot
-
- ==================================================================
-
- Key Assignments: key number followed by expected instrument
-
- 35 (B1) Acoustic Bass Drum
- 36 (C2) Bass Drum 1
- 37 (C#2) Side Stick
- 38 (D2) Acoustic Snare
- 39 (D#2) Hand Clap
- 40 (E2) Electric Snare
- 41 (F2) Low Floor Tom
- 42 (F#2) Closed High Hat
- 43 (G2) High Floor Tom
- 44 (G#2) Pedal High Hat
- 45 (A2) Low Tom
- 46 (A#2) Open High Hat
- 47 (B2) Low-Mid Tom
- 48 (C3) High-Mid Tom
- 49 (C#3) Crash Cymbal 1
- 50 (D3) High Tom
- 51 (D#3) Ride Cymbal 1
- 52 (E3) Chinese Cymbal
- 53 (F3) Ride Bell
- 54 (F#3) Tambourine
- 55 (G3) Splash Cymbal
- 56 (G#3) Cowbell
- 57 (A3) Crash Cymbal 2
- 58 (A#3) Vibraslap
- 59 (B3) Ride Cymbal 2
- 60 (C4 -- middle C) High Bongo
- 61 (C#4) Low Bongo
- 62 (D4) Mute High Conga
- 63 (D#4) Open High Conga
- 64 (E4) Low Conga
- 65 (F4) High Timbale
- 66 (F#4) Low Timbale
- 67 (G4) High Agogo
- 68 (G#4) Low Agogo
- 69 (A4) Cabasa
- 70 (A#4) Maracas
- 71 (B4) Short Whistle
- 72 (C5) Long Whistle
- 73 (C#5) Short Guiro
- 74 (D5) Long Guiro
- 75 (D#5) Claves
- 76 (E5) High Wood Block
- 77 (F5) Low Wood Block
- 78 (F#5) Mute Cuica
- 79 (G5) Open Cuica
- 80 (G#5) Mute Triangle
- 81 (A5) Open Triangle
-
- NB. Key assignments apply only to the MIDI channel used for drums
- and percussion. On many MIDI devices, drum patches of this
- type are only available on a single MIDI channel, usually either
- channel 10 or channel 16. Many MIDI devices of this type support
- more than one drum patch, in which case the above key assignment
- map is accessed by sending MIDI program 0 to the channel used for
- drums.
-