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- ANIMATING BIRD FLIGHT USING AERODYNAMICS
- ----------------------------------------
-
- Balajee Ramakrishnananda Kok Cheong Wong
- email:aprama@ntu.edu.sg email:askcwong@ntu.edu.sg
- Centre for Graphics and Imaging Technology
- c/o School of Applied Science
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
-
- Three movie files in MPEG format are shown. These are generated using the
- various models mentioned in the technical sketch.
-
- forward.mpg:
- This file shows the application of forward dynamics model using
- force equations of motion to determine the trajectory of the bird. The pitching
- moment is not considered and the body axis angle with the horizontal is
- hand-crafted as a function of time.
-
- direct.mpg:
- This file is created using the direct control of the pitching moment using an
- imaginary p-d controller located at the centre of gravity of the bird. The
- pitching motion of the body of the bird is the result of this moment. The
- pitching moment is varied to direct the bird towards the specified targets.
- Maximum and minimum limits are specified for the body axis angle to prevent
- it from assuming unrealistic values.
-
- indirect.mpg:
- This file is created using the indirect control of the pitching moment. The
- wing sweep of the secondaries is chosen as a control variable to drive the
- bird towards targets. The changes in the wing sweep alter the aerodynamic
- force distribution on the wings thereby altering the pitching moment around
- the centre of gravity. This is used to alter the body axis angle. In addition
- to the limits specified on the body axis angle, limits are also specified on
- the control variable to prevent it from assuming unrealistic values.
-
- A technical report comprising of the details of the methodologies used
- is available at the URL website
- http://www.cgit.ntu.edu.sg/~iagwww/BirdFlight which is also accessible
- through the address http://www2.cgit.ntu.edu.sg:8000/~iagwww/BirdFlight
-