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- For small amplitudes the oscillation period, T, of a pendulum only depends
- on the length, L, and on the gravitational acceleration, g, and is given
- by the following formula:
- ┌────────────────────────────┐
- │ T = 2 * pi * sqrt( L/g ) │
- └────────────────────────────┘ where pi = 3.14159...
-
- The derivation of this formula requires some calculus and concepts such as
- moment of inertia, angular momentum etc. But you can get a good idea of
- how it works, by just knowing that ** acceleration = force/mass **. The
- force that drives the motion is the tangential component of the weight. The
- radial component is canceled by the tension of the string. Notice that the
- tangential component always points towards the equilibrium position and
- thus accelerates the pendulum while moving towards the middle and
- decelerates it while moving away.
-
- Why doesn't the period depend on the mass? See what happens when you
- change the mass by pressing F2. Notice that the force changes in the same
- proportion as the mass. Therefore the acceleration = force/mass
- (long tangential arrow) will be the same as before at any point. Since the
- acceleration is what causes the velocity to build up or to decrease; the
- velocity will also be the same as before at any point, the motion will not
- change and the period will remain the same.