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- *t5s1h10w0mt4h18w3 BIOENVIRONMENTAL
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- ENGINEERING
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- BRANCH
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- Software Documentation*r
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- *w3 Environmental Health
- and Occupational Safety*r
- 4301 Jones Bridge Road
- Bethesda, MD 20814-4799
- (202) 295-3323
- *f
- *w3 HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL REACTIVITY*r
- *t5h10s1w0m
- Last Update: 18 August 1989
- Programmer: David F. Wertz, MSgt, USAF
-
- *t4h12w3 Background*r
-
- It is often necessary to determine the compatibility of chemical
- substances which may be present in a wastestream. Mixing of in-
- compatible chemicals can cause fire, explosion, toxic or flammable
- gas generation, etc. A method for quickly determining compatibility
- of chemicals is necessary to avoid such dangerous chemical reactions.
-
- Such a method was developed by the U.S. Environmental
- Protection Agency, and published as *i1 A Method for Determining the
- Compatibility of Hazardous Wastes*r in April 1980 (EPA-600/2-
- 80-076). However, the list of chemicals and the accompanying chart
- are cumbersome and time-consuming to use.
-
- The original list and chart were incorporated into a computer
- program which allows the compatibility of two chemicals to be
- quickly determined. The program's database contains nearly 1300
- chemicals, many with one or more synonyms. Additionally, the
- program serves as a reference, presenting the chemicals, together
- with their synonyms and reactivity group numbers, in a tabular
- format which is fully searchable.
-
- It is important to note that this program is intended for use
- in waste management only. Chemicals are evaluated on their hazard
- potential in the waste stream, and not on their potential for
- causing harm in the occupational environment. Such information
- should be obtained from recognized industrial hygiene reference
- material.
-
- *t4h12w3 About the program*r
-
- The program code was written in the BASIC language, and
- compiled using Turbo BASIC. The program is called REACT.EXE. It
- calls two data files: REACT.DAT, which contains the chemical names,
- synonyms, and reactivity group numbers for the chemicals; and
- RECODE.DAT, which contains the reactivity codes for the reactivity
- groups listed on the EPA chart. A number of screen files are also
- called by the program.
-
- You must insure that all of the files are in the same sub-
- directory before running the program.
-
- *f
- *t4h12w3 Running the program*r
-
- The program is run by changing to the appropriate subdirectory,
- typing REACT at the prompt, and pressing the RETURN key.
-
- The title screen will appear, and remain on the screen while the
- data is loaded into memory. When the data has been loaded, the
- program menu will appear, and you have the following choices:
-
- *w3 Find Potential Hazardous Reactions
-
- Reactivity Group Number (RGN) Search
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- End This Program and Return to DOS*r
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- At this point, press the number on the screen which corresponds
- to your choice.
-
- *t4h12w3 Find Potential Hazardous Reactions*r
-
- Upon selecting option 1, the screen will display brief
- instructions for the program. You are asked to press a key to
- continue.
-
- When the screen clears, you are asked for the name of a
- chemical. Type in the name, followed by RETURN. If the name you
- enter is not found, the program checks synonyms. If the chemical
- is still not found, a message to this effect is displayed, and you
- have the choice of pressing RETURN to reenter the name, F1 for help
- or ESC to quit (see below). If you press F1, the program provides
- a list of the nearest matches it can find to the name you entered.
- You are then prompted to reenter the chemical name. If you do not
- wish to reenter the name at this point, press RETURN alone to quit
- (see below).
-
- When the chemical is found, the chemical name, synonyms, and
- reactivity groups for that chemical are displayed.
-
- At this point, you may either press RETURN alone to see a list
- of reactivity groups which are incompatible with the chemical
- entered above; or you may enter the name of a second chemical, in
- order to see the potential hazards of mixing the two chemicals in the
- wastestream.
-
- If you pressed RETURN, a list of incompatible reactivity
- groups is displayed. Depending on the chemical, this may comprise
- one or several screens of information. The prompts at the bottom
- of the screen will inform you as to how to proceed in each case.
- Note that incompatibile groups are listed for each reactivity group
- that the listed chemical belongs to.
- *f
- If you chose to enter a second chemical, the program will
- proceed as when the first chemical was entered. When the second
- chemical has been found and the information has been displayed, you
- are asked to press a key to continue.
-
- The screen clears, and the compatibility information is
- presented. Chemicals listed in the database may be assigned to
- more than one reactivity group, so the program cross-checks all the
- reactivity groups for both chemicals to determine if any reaction
- is possible.
-
- *w3 Possible outcomes for a comparison:*r
-
- If the two chemicals each belong to only one reactivity
- group, and if the group is the same for both, the result is "None
- (both chemicals are in the same group)". It is assumed that, in
- the absence of other reactivity groups, two chemicals belonging to
- the same group (i.e., ketones) may be safely mixed. The exception
- to this is any chemical assigned to the group "water reactive
- substances" (see below).
-
- Water Reactive Substances - If one (or both) of the chemi-
- cals belongs to this reactivity group, the message "EXTREMELY
- REACTIVE - DO NOT MIX!" is displayed. Any chemical assigned to
- this group should not be mixed with water or any other chemical,
- even those belonging to the same group. All other potential
- reactions are assumed to be secondary, and are ignored.
-
- If neither of the above apply, the reactivity group combina-
- tions are displayed, followed by the possible reactions. If all of
- the group combinations result in "None listed", it may be assumed
- that the chemicals may be safely mixed. As always, such a decision
- must be based on sound professional judgement, and not solely on the
- results of this program (or any other single reference source).
-
- The other types of possible reactions may include one or
- more of the following (each is self-explanatory):
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- *w3 Heat Generation
- Fire
- Innocuous and Non-flammable Gas Generation
- Toxic Gas Generation
- Flammable Gas Generation
- Explosion
- Violent Polymerization
- Solubilization of Toxic Substances
- May be Hazardous, but Unknown*r
- *f
- If any of the group combinations result in ANY of the
- above messages, it must be assumed that the chemicals are incom-
- patible, and should not be mixed in the wastestream.
-
- When the results have been displayed, or if you have pressed
- ESC from the "Chemical not found..." message, or if you have
- pressed RETURN alone at the prompt for a chemical name, you will
- see the prompt "Again? (Y/N)" at the bottom of the screen. If you
- press "Y" at this prompt, you are returned to the input screen and
- prompted to enter a chemical name. If you press "N", the program
- returns you to the menu.
-
- *f
- *t4h12w3 Reactivity Group Number (RGN) Search*r
-
- If you select this option, the screen will clear and the first
- page of the data table will appear. The table lists the chemical
- name and synonyms (if any) and the reactivity group number(s).
- Each chemical has at least one RGN and may have up to four. All
- RGN's are listed on the screen.
-
- To use the table, the following keys have been provided, and
- are listed at the bottom of the screen at all times:
-
- PgUp,PgDn - these keys move through the data table five
- chemicals at a time, either forward (PgDn) or backward (PgUp).
-
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- Home,End - these keys go to the beginning (Home) or end
- (End) of the data table.
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- Up and Down Arrows - these keys move through the data
- table one chemical at a time either forward (Down arrow) or backward
- (Up arrow).
-
- F1 - displays a window at the center of the screen which
- prompts you to enter the name of the chemical you are searching
- for. The program will search the database for the name as entered;
- if not found, it will search for the first occurance of a portion
- of the name. If still not found, a message to this effect is dis-
- played and you are prompted to press a key to continue. You may
- then enter another chemical to search for, or press RETURN alone
- to exit.
-
- F2 - displays the Reactivity Group Numbers and their
- corresponding group names, in numerical order. This information
- is contained in three pages, which are accessible by pressing the
- PgUp or PgDn keys. To return to the data table (at the point
- where you left it), press F10.
-
- F10 - exits the data table, and returns you to the menu.
-
- *t4h12w3 Exiting the program*r
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- From the menu, pressing number 3 will terminate the program
- and return you to the operating system.
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