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- Newsgroups: talk.origins
- Path: sparky!uunet!think.com!linus!agate!overload.lbl.gov!s1.gov!lip
- From: lip@s1.gov (Loren I. Petrich)
- Subject: Re: SWAA Lecture
- Message-ID: <1993Jan26.230125.15462@s1.gov>
- Sender: usenet@s1.gov
- Nntp-Posting-Host: s1.gov
- Organization: LLNL
- References: <1jelm6$ejh@agate.berkeley.edu> <1785@tdat.teradata.COM>
- Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 23:01:25 GMT
- Lines: 82
-
- In article <1785@tdat.teradata.COM> swf@tools3teradata.com (Stan Friesen) writes:
- >In article <1jelm6$ejh@agate.berkeley.edu>, philjohn@garnet.berkeley.edu (Phillip Johnson) writes:
- : Grasse argued that the Darwinists who dominate evolutionary
- : biology have failed, due to their uncompromising commitment to
- : materialism, to define properly the problem they were trying to
- : solve. The real problem of evolution is to account for the
- : origin of new genetic information, and it is not solved by
- : providing illustrations of the acknowledged capacity of an
- : existing genotype to vary within limits.
- >
- >True, and if that were indeed all that had been demonstrated, Darwinian evolution
- >would be in dire straits. Fortunately the creative power of *selection* can
- >be easily demonstrated in many ways.
-
- Good examples are various computer programs, such as
- simulated-annealing optimization programs and artificial-life programs
- like Tierra. The latter program has generated several examples of
- evolution by natural selection that include some very nontrivial
- results, results the original programmers often did not expect.
-
- : To be sure, none of
- : these examples demonstrated the kind of innovation that Grasse
- : had in mind.
- >
- >That has changed in the last 20 years or so. New *types* of research have
- >provided such examples. (Check into some of the 'artificial life' simulations,
- >for instance, which often generate solution unanticipated by the researchers).
-
- Exactly my point. I wonder what Grasse' (accent on e) has had
- to say about artificial-life programs. What is especially interesting
- about thse is that some of them, like Tierra, produce results
- analogous to those known in the biological world, like parasitism (one
- string of code using another to help itself reproduce) and unexpected
- optimizations (the shorter, the easier to reproduce; one example
- produced an unrolled loop of 4 operations that was faster than
- counting off the loop).
-
- : They also permit Darwinist writers to
- : take the mutation/selection mechanism for granted even when they
- : are describing evidence which directly contradicts it. This feat
- : of intellectual contortionism is strikingly illustrated by
- : Stephen Jay Gould's book, Wonderful Life. Gould's bestseller
- : adds a great deal to our knowledge of the "Cambrian explosion,"
- : meaning the sudden appearance of the invertebrate animal phyla,
- : without visible ancestors, in the 600 million-year-old rocks of
- : the Cambrian era. Unicellular life had existed for a long time,
- : and some multicellular groups appear in the immediately
- : Precambrian rocks, but there is nothing that can be established
- : as ancestral to the Cambrian animals. ...
- : In recent years the mystery has deepened, because it appears
- : (at least according to Gould) that the Cambrian animal groups
- : were far more varied than had been imagined. The more distinct
- : groups there were in the Cambrian, the more chains of ancestors
- : there ought to have been in the Precambrian. Some remarkable
- : Cambrian fossils found in a Canadian formation known as the
- : Burgess Shale were originally classified in familiar groups.
- >
- >Unfortunately for your argument Gould is only half-right here. Many of his
- >examples have even been refuted. Hallucigenia is now known to have been
- >an only slightly unusual Onychophoran, for instance, and even Wiwaxia is now
- >placed securely in a modern phylum.
-
- I know about the Hallucigenia identification (it had to be
- flipped over), but where does Wiwaxia go? I've also heard of one for
- Opabinia, also, and even Anomalocaris, though I don't recall them
- offhand.
-
- >I, myself, in studying later mass extinctions have found a profound pattern,
- >in which large, K-selected species die off, and smaller, opportunistic, r-
- >selected species survive. This suggests that the key factor in surviving
- >a mass extinction is the ability to rapidly respond to new opporunities
- >starting from a minute population. (BTW, this tends to support catastrophic
- >models of mass extinction - since that is the most likely way to reduce alll
- >populations to small sizes).
-
- I guess it should be emphasized that "survival of the fittest"
- is a misleading statement, because what may be "fit" in one situation
- may be "unfit" in another one. What may be good in "normal" times may
- not be good in "abnormal" ones.
- --
- /Loren Petrich, the Master Blaster
- /lip@s1.gov
-