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- Path: sparky!uunet!ulowell!m2c!bu.edu!bu-bio!colby
- From: colby@bu-bio.bu.edu (Chris Colby)
- Newsgroups: talk.origins
- Subject: in defense of directed mutagenesis
- Message-ID: <108337@bu.edu>
- Date: 26 Jan 93 20:55:27 GMT
- References: <1jelm6$ejh@agate.berkeley.edu> <1785@tdat.teradata.COM>
- Sender: news@bu.edu
- Organization: animal -- coelomate -- deuterostome
- Lines: 80
-
- In article <1785@tdat.teradata.COM> swf@tools3teradata.com (Stan Friesen) writes:
-
- [much good stuff, not surprizing since it came from Stan, deleted]
-
- >As for the directed mutations in bacteria - if that is indeed shown to be a
- >general mechanism of change it *would* cause the rejection of the Darwinian
- >model in favor of a new form of orthogenesis.
-
- A quibble: The Darwinian model would be appended, not rejected, if
- directed mutagenesis were to become accepted. Random mutations still
- occur, and if they result in a new allele with a different fitness than
- the other alleles at the locus in question, natural selection will
- occur. The big question, of course, is what is the relative contribution of
- the two types of adaptive mechanisms (selection and directed
- mutagenesis)?
-
- >But so far it has shown up only in one series of experiments, in one group
- >of bacteria, under very odd circumstances. The effect is not even particularly
- >strong - it is barely detectable statistically - which makes it questionable.
-
- Uh... no. It has been shown in _E. Coli_ and _Salmonella typhimurium_ (two
- prokaryotes) and _Saccharomyces cerevisae_ (yeast - a eukaryote). Point
- mutations, double point mutations and frameshift mutations have all been
- shown to revert to "wild type" at a much higher frequency in the
- presence of the selective agent than in its absence. Mutation rates
- at other loci have been unaffected (i.e. presense of the selective agent
- is not a general mutagen). The effects are not small, in one of Hall's
- study the mutation rate was 10^8 fold higher than expected under a
- random model. Being statistically detectable wasn't a problem.
-
- >*If* it is ever confirmed more strongly, *and* is shown to be much more widely
- >occuring than is now suggested, it will be time to revise our theories of
- >evolution.
-
- IMHO, it is now time to revise our theories of evolution with respect to
- single celled organisms (or organisms with totipotent cell lines --
- two examples would be plants and sponges). I don't think directed
- mutagenesis will work in multicellular organisms with a separate germ
- line (again, discounting those with totipotent cell lines), and I
- think the opportunity for it to act may be limited. There's no data yet
- on the full range of circumstances directed mutagenesis can occur in.
- For example, can dir. mut. do more than fix "broken genes"? -- Can
- it come up with novel adaptive solutions to environmental "problems"?
- I'm willing to bet yes given the distribution of types of reversion
- mutants seen in the dir. mut. studies; both true revertants and
- suppresor mutations show up.
-
- It will certainly be interesting to see what the mechanism of
- directed mutation (actually, it is mainly going by the name
- adaptive mutagenesis these days) is.
-
- One of the last couple issues of _Science_ had a review article
- critical of directed mutagenesis (Lenski and Mittler, 1993, The
- Directed Mutation Controversy and Neo-Darwinism, Science 259: 188-
- 193). An interesting article (although I'm convinced adaptive
- mutations occur) and, if you are unfamiliar with the controversy,
- a complete list of the relevant citations.
-
- On Monday
- I'm going to hear a seminar by Pat Foster (who formerly worked with
- Cairns) titled something like "The mechanism of adaptive mutation".
- If she has found it, I'll relay the news here. However, she was
- an author on a recent _Genetics_ paper with roughly the same title and
- all they did was rule out some of the proposed mechanisms. (I hope it
- isn't Hall's "hypermutable state" model, I bet Larry Moran 10 bucks
- that it wasn't 8-)
-
- Stan,
- Sorry to jump all over your post, but I really think adaptive
- mutation is a potentially important mechanism of evolution.
- Time will tell.
-
- >sarima@teradata.com (formerly tdatirv!sarima)
- > or
- >Stanley.Friesen@ElSegundoCA.ncr.com
-
- Chris Colby --- email: colby@bu-bio.bu.edu ---
- "'My boy,' he said, 'you are descended from a long line of determined,
- resourceful, microscopic tadpoles--champions every one.'"
- --Kurt Vonnegut from "Galapagos"
-