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- Path: sparky!uunet!cs.utexas.edu!not-for-mail
- From: Gene_Ledbetter@internetqm.llnl.gov (Gene Ledbetter)
- Newsgroups: soc.veterans
- Subject: TET OFFENSIVE REVISITED
- Date: 22 Jan 1993 12:42:47 -0600
- Organization: UTexas Mail-to-News Gateway
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- Regarding: TET OFFENSIVE REVISITED
-
- OLD VIETNAMESE SOLDIERS DEBATE TET OFFENSIVE
-
- By Kathleen Callo
- HANOI, Jan 21, Reuter - A quarter of a century after the
- Tet offensive, which helped destroy America's will to fight
- the Vietnam War, Vietnamese are taking a fresh look at the
- cost of the audacious military campaign.
- It was at the end of the Lunar New Year, on January 30,
- 1968, that Viet Cong guerrillas and North Vietnamese
- soldiers attacked more than 100 towns and cities in South
- Vietnam, catching the U.S. military and the allied Saigon
- government by surprise.
- Americans at home were shocked by televised images of
- Viet Cong commandos blasting their way into the U.S. embassy
- and attacking other strategic points in Saigon.
- U.S. troops dealt a crushing blow with a big
- counterattack, but the Tet offensive had shattered America's
- resolve and marked the beginning of the end of its
- involvement in Vietnam.
- Then-President Lyndon Johnson announced in March 1968 he
- would not run for re-election. By 1973 the U.S. combat role
- ended, and in 1975 Hanoi's forces overthrew the South
- Vietnamese government.
- The communist leaders who reunified the North and South
- when the war ended officially say the offensive was a
- victory.
- But some former soldiers are beginning to admit to a less
- glorious version of that bloody campaign.
- Army General Tran Cong Man, deputy head of the Vietnam
- Journalists' Association, said Hanoi failed to achieve main
- goals set for the Tet offensive -- to control towns and whole
- areas of the South, to reshape communist forces in the South
- into larger, regular units and even to overthrow the Saigon
- government.
- "It was not totally a defeat...but as for our planned
- goal, we didn't reach that," he told Reuters.
- "It was an important psychological blow for the Americans
- to see us attacking everywhere, but as for military strategy
- -- you don't do it that way," he said.
- One retired army officer who asked to be called Phong
- (not his real name) said the U.S. counterattack that ended in
- June 1968 left communist forces in the South a shambles for
- three years.
- So many fighters were wiped out that many survivors
- defected to the South Vietnamese, Phong told Reuters.
- When the offensive began -- Hanoi started secretly
- planning it in October 1967 -- his unit was rushing down the
- Ho Chi Minh trail towards Hue, which communist forces held
- for 22 days.
- By the time the 24-year-old sergeant arrived, his
- comrades had been killed or chased from the old imperial
- city.
- "So many were killed in some units that there were not
- enough survivors to bury the dead," said Phong.
- He and his men spent months hiding in nearby mountain
- caves, living on a bowl of rice a day.
- "We were so weak from hunger, we trembled. The men
- couldn't shoot straight."
- He said North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters had high
- spirits in 1965 when U.S. marines first landed in Vietnam.
- "But in 1968 everything became dark and dim...there were
- so many wounded, so many starving, so many people had died.
- The soldiers lost their confidence. It wasn't until 1971
- that they regained their confidence," he told Reuters
- recently.
- Outside his home in Hanoi, children were setting off
- firecrackers to celebrate the Lunar New Year, blasting the
- night air with the same sound Phong's comrades used in 1968
- to mask the launch of the offensive.
- A newspaper in Ho Chi Minh City (as Saigon was renamed
- after the war) said old army commanders only revealed at a
- seminar in 1986 the shocking extent of communist casualties
- during the offensive. Local historians have just begun the
- first objective assessment of that "heroic tragedy."
- Man said Hanoi didn't realise until it sat down to peace
- talks in Paris in May 1968 that its failed battles had been
- strategic victories.
- "The U.S. forces in the South were still strong, but they
- had lost their will. The American people no longer wanted the
- U.S. to be there and they forced President Johnson to
- withdraw. On a psychological level, it was a great victory
- for us," he said.
- But Man, like other senior officers, was reluctant to
- talk of Tet '68. He and other Vietnamese are hoping this year
- will bring a long-awaited normalisation of relations with the
- United States.
- "We don't talk about it any more. We leave it to the
- historians. Plus, we don't want to do anything to shock the
- Americans. We want to live in peace with them," Man said.
-
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